GB2036093A - Dyeing Composition for Fibrous Materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A composition for dyeing fibrous material, such as textile fibres or hair, comprises a dye system and a liquid dispersing vehicle therefor, and includes N-acetyl ethanolamine, generally in an amount of 1 to 25% of the total weight of the dye composition, to promote dyeing of said fibrous material. Particularly useful compositions comprise oxidative or basic dyes or heavy metal salts with a sulphur containing reducing compound, eg a complex of bismuth, citrate and triethanolamine and sulphur.

Description

SPECIFICATION Dyeing Composition for Fibrous Materials Numerous dye systems have been employed to impart desired color to fibrous materials, including textiles. Such materials include "Natural" fibers, e.g., cellulose-based fibers such as cotton, keratin-based fibers such as wool, and fibroin based fibers such as silk; and "man-made" fibers, e.g., derivatives of natural fibers such as rayon, and "synthetic" fibers, such as nylon, polyester and polyolefin fibers of non-natural derivation.

Different types of dyestuffs are useful with these various fibers, including acid, basic, direct, sulfur, vat, leuco esters, azo, acetate, pigment, oxidation, natural and inorganic dyes.

In addition to the textile field, dye systems are used in the cosmetic industry for coloring hair. In this field, there is need to avoid toxicity or other adverse effects upon the subject's skin or hair.

Drawbacks of known dye systems occur in the resistance of the dyed materials to fading; in the resistance of the dyed materials to erosion of color by rubbing and the like; in the depth of color imparted to the materials incidental to dyeing; and/or in the efficiency and ease with which dye is imparted to materials for their coloration.

Much effort has been expanded in seeking to improve the dyeing of fibrous materials. However, known means of facilitating and improving such dyeing processes have had only occasional and/or limited success. Such means have often proven expensive, successful only for alleviation of some of the foregoing drawbacks and/or useful only with certain types of dye systems.

In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that the incorporation of N-acetyl ethanolamine into dyeing compositions provides enhanced and more durable coloration than has heretofore been obtained, accelerates the dyeing process and/or provides dyed products of enhanced and more resistant colors.

This invention has been found to be useful throughout the breadth of different dyestuffs in this art. Of particular importance, it has wide applicability to different types of fibrous materials.

Thus, it may be utilized for the dyeing of textiles such as cotton, wool, silk, rayon, acetate, nylon, and other natural or man-made fibrous materials and for the treatment of human hair.

N-acetyl ethanolamine has been recognized in the cosmetics art as a highly efficient conditioner or grooming aid for hair, wherein it is used in place of mineral oil derivatives in shampoos, rinses, conditioners, and the like, to coat the hair so the hair lies flat, is not flyaway and has a shiny appearance. It has not, however, heretofore been appreciated that N-acetyl ethanolamine will also function to promote or enhance the dyeing of hair.

Neither has it been recognized that this effect occurs not only with hair but also with other fibrous materials, and not only with conventional hair dyeing compositions but also with other dye systems.

In addition to its newly discovered property or function as a dyeing enhancer, N-acetyl ethanolamine continues to provide those advantages for which it has been generality recognized in the cosmetic art. Accordingly, its presence in a dyeing composition continues to provide the grooming or conditioning functions for which it is known. Therefore, the present dyeing compositions, in addition to providing improved coloration, are also less harsh in their effects on the material being dyed.

Although it is not wished to be bound by any theory, it is beiieved that at least one of the means by which N-acetyl ethanolamine functions to enhance or promote dyeing is through its ability to cause fiber expansion in the material being treated. Such expansion of the individual fibers of the material being dyed could account for the improved and accelerated penetration of a dye system into the material. Also, it could explain the observed acceleration and ease in imparting coloration and/or enhanced resistance of the dyed material to fading or loss of coloration.

As has already been indicated, the chemical composition and mechanism of the dye system utilized in the present compositions is relatively unimportant. Any of the well known systems of the prior art including, for example, oxidative dyestuffs, basic dyes and heavy metal salt/sulfurcontaining reducing compound systems such as those described below may be utilized.

These prior art dye systems normally amount to up to about 50% and preferably from about 1% to 25% of the total weight of the dyeing composition. The exact proportions, however, vary from system to system and with their intended use in a conventional manner. They also are not critical to the function of the N-acetyl ethanolamine.

In the present dye compositions (as in the prior art), the dye system is provided in a liquid dispersing vehicle therefor-commonly water or an aqueous mixture. This is not required, as nonaqueous systems including alcohol, mineral oil and the like may be employed. Similarly mixed aqueous/water-immiscible liquid emulsions are suitable vehicles for dye systems in the present compositions.

The N-acetyl ethanolamine may be employed in almost any amount ; however, it normally comprises from about 1 to 25%, preferably 10 to 1 5%, of the total weight of the dye composition.

While these proportions generally provide maximum dye promotion, still greater amounts of N-acetyl ethanolamine may be present for the additional purpose of providing conditioning for the treated fibrous material, or where the N-acetyl ethanolamine constitutes a major part, or all, of the vehicle itseif. Consequently, the amount of N acetyl ethanolamine utilized in any given dyeing composition may vary widely.

While the present invention has been described largely in terms of pre-formed compositions to be applied to the material being dyed, this need not be the case. The present compositions may also be formed on the fibrous material itself, through sequential applications of N-acetyi ethanolamine and of the dye system. It is thus necessary only that all of the essential components of the dyeing composition be present on, or in, the fibrous material being dyed at the same time, to achieve the advantages described hereinabove.

Several examples of compositions of the present invention are described below. It should be understood, however, that these examples are solely for illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example I Aqueous dyeing compositions of two standard dyes, FD 8 C Blue #1 (at 0.25% by weight) and D 8 C Yellow #10 (at 0.75% by weight), were employed in comparative dye tests for the effects of N-acetyl ethanolamine. Paired samplers of these two dyeing compositions-a control sample containing 0% and a sample containing 10% of N-acetyl ethanolamine by weight-were used for the comparison.

Swatches of different fabrics were immersed in the four test sample dyeing compositions at 600C for 1 minute. After drying, the swatches were visually compared for intensity of dye color. The results showed several instances in which Nacetyl ethanolamine unexpectedly effected dyeing (not all the fabric materials are normally susceptible to these particular dye compositions), as well as others in which dyeing was clearly enhanced over the respective control samples.

The fabrics which evidenced increases in color intensity due to the presence of the N-acetyl ethanolamine ranged broadly in types of fibers, including wool and worsted wool, rayon (trade name Avril), viscose rayon, silk, nylon, cotton, acetate, acrylonitrile (Acrilan), triacetate (Arnel), acrylic (Creslan, Orlon and Zefran), polyester (Dacron), (Fortrel and Kodel), olefin (Herculon) and modacrylic fibers (Verel and Dynel).

From visual inspection, swatches dyed in the presence of N-acetyl ethanolamine were also found to be more homogeneous in color and less susceptible to runs and streaking. Thus, the Nacetyl ethanolamine improved the fix or set of the dye on the fabrics.

Example II A hair dyeing composition was prepared having the following formula: Bismuth Citrate 0.50% Triethanolamine 3.00% Alcohol 10.00% Sulfur, precipitated 0.50% Octoxynoí-9 (Triton X-1 00) 0.10% N-acetyl ethanolamine 15.00% Water 70.80% Perfume 0.10% The composition was formed in a conventional manner-the N-acetyl ethanolamine (tradename Acetamide MEA) being added after combination of the other ingredients. To test this composition, swatches of bleached hair were dunked into the composition, removed, shaken to remove excess composition, and then permitted to dry overnight at room temperature. After drying, the hair was observed to have changed from its initial blondish color to a brown shade.Repeated daily treatments, over a one-week period, yielded an increasingly deeper or darkened brown shade of high durability.

Example III A hair dyeing composition was prepared having the following formula: Paraphenylene diamine sulfate 5.00% Resorcinol 1.00% Alcohol 1 5.00% N-acetyl ethanolamine 10.00% Oleic acid 0.40% Ammonia (25% soln.) 10.00% Water 63.60% The composition was prepared in a conventional manner and employed with a peroxide developer. In testing on bleached swatches of hair, it produced a dark black coloration.

Example IV A semi-permanent dye and shampoo was prepared having the following formula: Monoethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate 20.00% Ethylene Glycol Mono Stearate 3.00% P-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine 1.50% Diethanolamine coconut fatty acids 3.00% N-acetyl ethanolamine 7.00% Water 65.50% When used in shampooing hair, an enhanced coloration with increased resistance to erosion of coloration by rubbing off was observed.

Claims (9)

Claims

1. A composition for dyeing fibrous material comprising a dye system and a liquid dispersing vehicle therefor, which composition contains Nacetyl ethanolamine to promote dyeing of said material.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the Nacetyl ethanolamine amounts to 1 to 25% of the total weight of the dye composition.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the Nacetyl ethanolamine amounts to 10 to 1 5% of the total weight of the dye composition.

4. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dye system comprises an oxidative dyestuff.

5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dye system comprises a basic dye.

6. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dye system comprises a heavy metal salt with a sulfur-containing reducing compound.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the salt comprising a complex of bismuth, citrate and triethanolamine.

8. The composition of claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the reducing compound is sulfur.

9. A method of dyeing fibrous material which method comprises applying to the fibrous material a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

1 0. The method of claim 9, wherein the fibrous material is composed of textile fibers.

1 The method of claim 9, wherein the fibrous material is hair.