GB2025317A - Improvements in or Relating to Building Material in Particular for a Cryogenic Enclosure and Enclosure Provided With Such a Material - Google Patents

Improvements in or Relating to Building Material in Particular for a Cryogenic Enclosure and Enclosure Provided With Such a Material Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2025317A
GB2025317A GB7917799A GB7917799A GB2025317A GB 2025317 A GB2025317 A GB 2025317A GB 7917799 A GB7917799 A GB 7917799A GB 7917799 A GB7917799 A GB 7917799A GB 2025317 A GB2025317 A GB 2025317A
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Prior art keywords
composite material
layer
thickness
glassfiber
material according
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GB2025317B (en
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Technigaz
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Technigaz
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/14—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising synthetic rubber copolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
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    • B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
    • B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
    • B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
    • B32B2309/105—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B32B2311/24—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B32B2311/30—Iron, e.g. steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08—Glass
    • B32B2315/085—Glass fiber cloth or fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2375/00—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0607—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0624—Single wall with four or more layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/036—Avoiding leaks

Abstract

The present invention relates to improvements in a layered composite material constituting a layered fluid- tight semi-finished building or structural material in the form of a relatively thin and flexible sheet, plate or strip. The composite material comprises an intermediate layer of metal, in particular of aluminum, of from 0.04 to 0.10 mm in thickness between two layers of fibrous mineral material, particularly of glass-fiber, each having a thickness of from 0.3 to 0.6 mm. The material can be used as a primary or secondary fluid-tight barrier for the composite wall of a cryogenic container. The invention also relates to a method for assembling sheets of such a material in which adjacent sheets of the material have their edges superimposed and an adhesive is placed between these edges so as to penetrate the fibres of the two fibrous layers resulting in a very strong bond between adjacent sheets.

Description

SPECIFICATION Improvements in or Relating to Building Material in Particular for a Cryogenic Enclosure and Enclosure Provided With Such a Material The present invention relates to various improvements in and modifications to the earlier invention of the Applicant, described in French patent No. 7506732 of March 4, 1975 and in the first certificate of addition thereto No. 7604810 of February 20, 1976.
The applicant has been able to bring out the fact that a judicious choice of the thicknesses of the various layers of the layered composite material described in the French patent No. 7506732 and in the first certificate of addition No.7604810 thereto, preferably simultaneously with the selection of specific materials for constituting the various layers of this layered composite material, allow the best conditions of fluid-tightness, mechanical resistance and flexibility to be obtained, as will be set forth later in more detail.
It will be recalled that the layered composite material according to the French patent No.
7506732 comprises at least three continuous superposed layers or sheets of cold resisting flexible material, assembled together by cementing, welding or like superficial adherent binding, and comprising at least one first end layer forming a tough or mechanically resistant support, at least one intermediate layer constituted by an impervious film, and at least one second end layer which may be of the same nature as the first end layer.
It will also be recalled that, in a first form of embodiment, the said first end layer is of mineral fiber, in particular glassfiber, fabric, the said intermediate layer is of metal and formed particularly of an aluminum or steinless-steel sheet, and the said second end layer is of an elastomer material.
The French patent No. 7506732 also mentions a second form of embodiment in which the said first end layer is of mineral fiber, particularly glassfiber, fabric, the said intermediate layer is of metal and particularly formed of an aluminum or stainless-steel sheet, and the said second end layer is of mineral fiber, in particular glassfiber, fabric, the layered composite material having this structure being particularly usable as a secondary fluid-tight barrier in a heat-insulating composite wall-structure for cryogenic containers.
According to a third form of embodiment described in the French patent No. 7506732, the layered composite material is constituted by four layers, the first three of which have the same structure as in the second form of embodiment mentioned above, the fourth layer, which covers the said second end layer, being of an elastomer material fulfilling a function of mechanical protection of the said second end layer, such a composite material being particularly usable to constitute a primary fluid-tight barrier in a heat-insulating composite wall for a cryogenic container.
The layered composite material according to the present invention is of the general type described in the French patent No. 7506732 and in the first certificat of addition No. 7604810 thereto and is characterized in that its two end layers have a thickness of from 0.3 to 0.6 mm, the intermediate layer having a thickness of from 0.04 to 0.10 mm.
In case the said layered composite material comprises a fourth layer of elastomer material covering the said second end layer, the thickness of this fourth layer is comprised, according to the present invention, between 0.3 and 1 mm.
In a first preferred form of embodiment of the present invention, in which the layered composite material comprises only three layers, the two said end layers, having each a thickness of from 0.3 to 0.6 mm, are of fiberglass, the said intermediate layer being preferably of aluminum or of stainless-steel, more preferably of aluminum. The thickness of each of the fiberglass layers are then more advantageously comprised between 0.3 and 0.4 mm, whereas the intermediate layer of aluminum has a thickness which is more advantageously comprised between 0.04 and 0.07 mm.
in another preferred form of embodiment of the present invention, in which the layered composite material comprises four layers, three of which, placed consecutively, possess the characteristics just described hereabove in connection with the three-layered composite material according to the first preferred form of embodiment of the invention, and the fourth layer covering the said second end layer of glassfiber is of elastomer and has a thickness of from 0.3 to 1 mm.
The elastomer used in the layered composite material of the present invention, in the form of a layer the thickness of which is comprised between 0.3 and 1 mm, is preferably selected from polyester type polyurethane, such as for example the one known under the commercial denomination "Adiprene", polychloroprenes, particularly known under the commercial denomination "Neoprene", and chlorosulfonated polyethylene, such as for example the one known under the commercial denomination "Hypalon".
Generally, the layered composite material according to the present invention may present, in combination with the characteristics indicated above, all or part of the characteristics described and/or claimed in the French patent No. 7506732 and in the first certificate of addition No. 7604810 thereto.
Of course, this layered composite material can be used for all the applications described in the French patent No. 7506732 and the first certificate of addition No. 7604810 thereto.
The present invention also relates to a method of surface assembling of the sheets of the said composite material comprising two end layers of glassfiber, the said method being characterized in that the adjacent sheets are so arranged that their peripheral edges are superposed, an adhesive composition being placed between the two fibrous end layers in mutual contact, pertaining to the said superposed edges, so as to penetrate between the fibers of the said two fibrous end layers and thus ensure a very strong bond between the said adjacent sheets.
Other purposes, characterizing features, or advantages of the present invention, especially in its preferred forms of embodiment, are set forth hereafter.
The form of embodiment in which the two end layers of the layered composite material are glassfiber layers produces surprising effects due to the fact that the material allows a particularly fluidtight cryogenic-container coating to be obtained extremely easily, as indicated previously, by surfacejuxtaposing of the sheets of the said material and by binding them together along their peripheral edges overlapping one another in superposition, by means of an adhesive, without it being necessary to apply pressure, the assembling process being effected at room temperature.
This remarkable advantage is essentially due to the symmetrical structure of the layered composite material according to this form of embodiment, since this structure allows the mutual contact of two rough-surfaced layers formed of fibers, under such conditions that the binding strength is maximum on the one hand because precisely of the non-smooth surface of the two mutually confronting layers, thus allowing the two layers to perfectly cling together along the peripheral edges of the layered composite material sheets, and on the other hand, owing to the penetration of the adhesive composition into each of the said two layers, on either side of its interface, which is allowed precisely by the porous structure of the layers.
Under such conditions, a highly satisfactory binding can be obtained without applying external pressure and without heating, since the assembling of the said sheets can be easily performed by hand.
Moreover, the risks of cleavage inherent in the cementing of sheets with smooth outer surfaces are avoided by the use of the said layered composite material.
The Applicant will now set forth the critical character of the various above-indicated thicknesses, insofar as it is desired to obtain excellent flexibility, mechanical resistance and fluid-tightness characteristics of the layered composite material according to the present invention.
In the first place, the use of glassfiber layers of smaller thickness than 0.3 mm would impart thereto a tensile strength insufficient to withstand the tensile stresses occurring at the joints between the heat-insulating panels of a heat-insulating composite wall on which the layered composite material of the present invention, forming a primary or a secondary fluid-tight barrier, is placed, such stresses being due to the thermal contractions undergone by the said panels. Moreover, such glassfiber layers would not be capable of withstanding the stresses or forces caused by casual breakage or cracking of a panel of the subjacent heat-insulating bed.
On the other hand, the thickness of the said glassfiber layers must not exceed about 0.6 mm, because, if thicknesses exceeding that value are used, the tensile stresses due to the thermal contraction of the material may lead to ruptures of the insulation at the dihedral angle of the heatinsulating wall, where the fastenings allowing the said membrane to be secured and the stresses due to the thermal contraction to be taken up or compensated for are located. In other words, the limitation of the thickness of each of the said layers at that value allows the layered composite material according to the invention to be imparted sufficient flexibility to withstand without rupture the said stresses or forces.
The use of an intermediate layer of excessive thickness, exceeding about 0.10 mm, would lead to stresses due to thermal contraction, which might result in insulation ruptures in the dihedral angles.
Moreover, such a thickness would lead in increased rigidity of the composite material and would render its use less easy.
On the other hand, the use of an intermediate layer of a thickness smaller than about 0.04 mm would involve a serious risk of formation of porosity in the said layer, resulting in a loss in fluidtightness of the layered composite material as a whole.
Also to be pointed out is the fact that, in case the said intermediate layer is of aluminum, the aforementioned thickness range allows large-size aluminum sheets, having for example a thickness up to 1.50 m, to be obtained by rolling, thus permitting large-surface sheets for the layered composite material of the invention to be obtained.
As regards the elastomer layer used as a covering layer on a fibrous end layer in a four-layered material, it should be noted that a thickness smaller than 0.3 mm would not allow the said elastomer layer to fulfill its mechanical protection function. In particular, in the case where this elastomer layer covers a fibrous layer, such as for example a glassfiber layer, a thickness smaller than about 0.3 mm would not allow an adequate abrasion resistance to be obtained, for the following reason. Owing to the irregularities of the fibrous layer-elastomer layer interface, the elastomer layer is necessarily variable in thickness, the said thickness being minimum at the bosses or peaks of the fibrous layer surface, so that the mechanical protection is poor in local regions, the elastomer being more or less rapidly eliminated by abrasion in those regions, thus denuding the glassfibers, and resulting in a risk of rupture therein. On the contrary, when the thickness of the elastomer layer is comprised between 0.3 and 1 mm, all the regions of the subjacent fibrous layer are perfectly protected and there is no risk of rupture in this last layer.
The use of glassfiber in preference to other types of fibers is justified by the high mechanical resistance of the glassfibers compared with those other fibers, with the exception of aromatic polyamide or aramide fibers, such as for example those known under the commercial denomination "Kevlar" manufactured by Dupont de Nemours.However, even though the last-named fibers exhibit higher mechanical resistance than glassfibers do, they suffer from the disadvantage of a much higher Young's modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion than fiberglass, resulting in thermal stresses much greater than those produced by the thermal contraction of glassfiber when the layered composite material of the present invention constitutes a fluid-tight barrier covering a bed of heat-insulating panels of a composite heat-insulating wall of a cryogenic container, right above or below the joints between the said panels. Consequently, the glassfibers offer a set of optimum characteristics which render their use highly preferable in the constitution of the composite materiaWaccording to the present invention.
Of course, the glassfiber layer or layers of the layered composite material according to the present invention may have different structures or specific textures, a preferred texture being that of a woven glassfiber fabric because of its much higher mechanical resistance or strength.
It should also be pointed out that the composite material according to the present invention displays an excellent cyclic fatigue behavior and that its imperviousness to liquids and gases is very considerably improved compared with the other flexible membranes used in the composite heatinsulating walls for cryogenic containers according to the prior art.Thus, with a difference in pressure of 1 bar between the two sides of the membrane, the following results are obtained, for a leakage rate D, in the case of a membrane according to the present invention, with two end layers of glassfiber fabric and one intermediate layer of aluminum, on the one hand, and in the case of membranes of, respectively, "Mylar" (commercial denomination of a product manufactured by Dupont de Nemours), of elastomer silicone, and of buty! rubber, on the other hand, material according to the invention :D=6x 1 0-3 cm3/j . m2 "Mylar membrane :D=12 cm3/j . m2 elastomer silicone membrane :D=3,9 105 cm3/j m2 butyl rubber membrane ::D=1.9 x 103 cm3/j . m2 It should also be pointed out that the known membranes just mentioned are difficult to use, for the assembling of sheets of the corresponding materials to constitute a continuous membrane requires a welding or cementing process with the application of pressure, which is not the case with the material of the present invention, as mentioned earlier.
In the following table are given the tensile strength characteristics of the layered composite material of the present invention, in the form of embodiment corresponding to the use of two end layers of glassfiber fabric and one intermediate layer constituted by an aluminum sheet, each of the glassfiber layers having a thickness of 0.3 mm and the thickness of the aluminum sheet being 0.04 mni:
Tensile strength Test temperature 200C -1960C Force required to break 1 meter of membrane 15 tons 26 tons Breaking stress 1 3000 bars 5250 bars Of course, the present invention is by no means limited to the forms of embodiment described. In particular, it comprises all means constituting technical equivalents to the means described, as well as their combinations, should the latter be carried out according to its gist and used within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (10)

Claims
1. A layered composite material constituting a layered fluid-tight semi-finished building or structural material in the form of a relatively thin and flexible sheet, plate, or strip, of the type comprising at least one intermediate layer in contact with two end layers, characterized in that the two end layers of the said material have a thickness of from 0.3 to 0.6 mm and the said intermediate layer has a thickness of from 0.04 to 0.10 mm.
2. A composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the first said end layer is of mineral fiber, in particular glassfiber, fabric, the said intermediate layer is constituted by a sheet of aluminum or stainless-steel and the second said end layer is of mineral fiber, in particular glassfiber, fabric.
3. A composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the said two end layers are of glassfiber fabric and the said intermediate layer is constituted by a sheet of aluminum or of stainless steel.
4. A composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the said two end layers are of glassfiber fabric and the said intermediate layer is constituted by an aluminum sheet.
5. A composite material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a fourth, elastomer layer covering the said second end layer, the thickness of this fourth layer being comprised between 0.3 and 1 mm.
6. A composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that each layer of glassfiber fabric has a thickness of from 0.3 to 0.4 mm and the aluminum sheet has a thickness of from 0.04 to 0.07 mm.
7. A composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that the said elastomer is selected from the elastomer polyurethanes, the polychloroprenes and the elastomer chlorosulfonated polyethylenes.
8. A method of surface assembling of the sheets of the composite material according to one of claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the adjacent sheets of the said material are so arranged that their peripheral edges are superposed on one another, and an adhesive composition is placed between the said edges so as to strongly and sealingly bind the said sheets together, after the penetration of the said adhesive composition into the fibers of the two fibrous end layers in mutual contact and the drying of the said adhesive composition.
9. A composite material substantially as described herein.
10. A method substantially as described herein.
GB7917799A 1978-05-23 1979-05-22 Building material in particular for a cryogenic enclosure and enclosure provided with such a material Expired GB2025317B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR7815303A FR2426661A2 (en) 1978-05-23 1978-05-23 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL IN PARTICULAR FOR CRYOGENIC ENCLOSURES AND ENCLOSURES PROVIDED WITH SUCH MATERIAL

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GB2025317A true GB2025317A (en) 1980-01-23
GB2025317B GB2025317B (en) 1983-01-19

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JP (1) JPS54164314A (en)
BE (1) BE876477A (en)
BR (1) BR7903230A (en)
CA (1) CA1140444A (en)
DE (1) DE2920989A1 (en)
DK (1) DK164448C (en)
ES (1) ES254557Y (en)
FI (1) FI69987C (en)
FR (1) FR2426661A2 (en)
GB (1) GB2025317B (en)
IT (1) IT1115231B (en)
MX (1) MX153374A (en)
NL (1) NL7904107A (en)
PT (1) PT69654A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008068303A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Use of a composite material as a barrier under cryogenic conditions

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AT405441B (en) * 1997-01-22 1999-08-25 Jos Heiser Vormals J Winter S RIGID HIGH PRESSURE GAS TANK
CN103016950B (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-11-26 南京航空航天大学 Manufacturing method of composite material pressure container

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US3138517A (en) * 1960-05-27 1964-06-23 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Metalized laminate
US3392864A (en) * 1965-02-03 1968-07-16 Nasa Usa Insulation system
US4105819A (en) * 1975-03-04 1978-08-08 Technigaz Laminated sheets particularly for cryogenic enclosures, pipes, and the like
FR2341536A2 (en) * 1976-02-20 1977-09-16 Technigaz Laminated constructional material for cryogenic containers - consisting of mechanically resistant support, impermeable intermediate layer, sealed protective cover

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008068303A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Use of a composite material as a barrier under cryogenic conditions
US8678225B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2014-03-25 Shell Oil Company Use of a composite material as a barrier under cryogenic conditions

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DK164448C (en) 1992-11-09
NL7904107A (en) 1979-11-27
DE2920989C2 (en) 1991-12-12
IT1115231B (en) 1986-02-03
CA1140444A (en) 1983-02-01
BE876477A (en) 1979-11-23
MX153374A (en) 1986-10-07
FR2426661A2 (en) 1979-12-21
DK164448B (en) 1992-06-29
FR2426661B2 (en) 1981-12-11
ES254557Y (en) 1982-02-16
JPS54164314A (en) 1979-12-27
PT69654A (en) 1979-06-01
DK210479A (en) 1979-11-24
FI69987B (en) 1986-01-31
GB2025317B (en) 1983-01-19
ES254557U (en) 1981-09-01
BR7903230A (en) 1979-12-11
FI69987C (en) 1986-09-12
FI791607A (en) 1979-11-24
DE2920989A1 (en) 1979-11-29
IT7922889A0 (en) 1979-05-22

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