GB1600041A

GB1600041A - Individual dental implant and a method for its application to a patient

Info

Publication number: GB1600041A
Application number: GB8098/78A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Ebauches SA
Current assignee: Ebauches SA
Priority date: 1977-04-05
Filing date: 1978-03-01
Publication date: 1981-10-14
Also published as: FR2386303B1; CH611148A5; ES467915A1; SE7802808L; IT7821559A0; AU520329B2; AU3474178A; IT1093619B; SE427797B; DE2812250A1; JPS53126795A; FR2386303A1; NL7803642A

Abstract

Current endo-osseous implants used in mouth surgery require a large cut to be made in the jawbone which heals in approximately 15 days and may give rise to complications. The implant in question eliminates this drawback and allows the wound to heal in only 5-6 days. It comprises one or two thin parallel plates (1) which are inserted into corresponding narrow semicircular cuts made in the jawbone, these plates having lower apertures (4, 6) and upper apertures (7, 8) which enable the implant to be anchored in the jawbone as the latter heals. The plate 1 (or the plates) is surmounted (are surmounted) by the stop plate (17) which is also provided with apertures (16) which terminate at the top in the pin holder (18, 19) which holds the pin onto which an artificial tooth or bridge is fixed. <IMAGE>

Description

(54) AN IMPROVED INDIVIDUAL DENTAL IMPLANT AND A METHOD FOR ITS APPLICATION TO A PATIENT (71) We, EBAUCHES S.A., a Company organised under the Laws of Switzerland of 1, Faubourg de l'Hopital, 2001 Neuchatel, Switzerland do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to an improved individual endoosseo implant for odontostomatology (surgery of the mouth) and a method for its rapid and perfect application to the patient.

It is known that there are considerable difficulties in providing an individual endoosseo implant for odontostomatology (surgery of the mouth) for single, partial and complete replacement of teeth which satisfies the many requirements.

U.S.A. Patent 3,577,853, German Specification laid open to public specification No. 1,959,055 and French Patent No.

2,133,656 relate to endoosseo implants which require the making in the jaw bone of a wide slit (in thickness about 3-4mm) for the insertion of the implant. Such a slit takes a considerable amount of time (more than 15 days) to heal and may give rise to a series of complications.

An aim of the present invention is to provide an individual endoosseo implant for odontostomatology (surgery of the mouth) and also a method for its rapid and effective placement in the patient's mouth so that healing may take place in 5-6 days whereby infection and complication may be avoided.

According to the invention there is provided an individual endoosseous implant for odontostomatology (surgery of the mouth), comprising an implant plate or spaced parallel implant plates for introduction into one or two semi-circular slits or slots made in the cortical jaw bone of the dental arch, a bar plate which lies transverse to said implant plate or plates and which in use lies on top of the cortical jaw bone, and at least one stud carrier integral with said bar plate extending upwardly therefrom to receive a stud on which may be fixed an artificial tooth or bridge, the said implant having vents or apertures in said implant plate or plates for the anchoring thereof by means of the passage of the osteoclasts of the osseous or spongy part of the cortical law bone.

Also according to the invention there is provided a method of insertion in the patient's mouth of an implant as aforesaid, wherein an implement constituted by one or by two rotating parallel disc cutters is used to make a slit or two parallel semi-circular slits in the patient's iaw bone, the slits or slits being cabable of receiving the implant plate or plates respectively of the implant but being narrower than the thickness of the plates by 2-3 hundredths of a millimetre, the Implant plate or plates of the implant is or are inserted in the slit or slits and the gum is sutured so that the implant with the stud carrier remains completely enclosed within the gum avoiding any communication with the mouth cavity so that afterwards the stud carrier can be exposed for the fixing of a stud in the stud carrier.

The accompanying drawings show a few preferred non-limiting embodiments of the individual endoosseo implant according to the invention.

In the drawings:- Figure 1 shows, in side view and many times normal size, an implant with two parallel plates and a single stud carrier; Figure 2 shows the implant of Figure 1 in plan and to the same scale as Figure 1; Figure 3 shows in plan a blank from which an implant according to a second embodiment of the invention may be formed; Figure 4 shows in end view an implant formed from the blank shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 shows in cross section a patient's jaw bone in which the implant of Figures 1 and 2, or Figure 4 has been inserted; Figure 6 shows in side view an implant according to another embodiment of the invention and having two plates with two stud carriers so that it is suitable for fixing a bridge; Figure 7 shows the implant of Figure 6 in plan view;; Figure 8 shows in side view an implant according to another embodiment of the invention; and Figure 9 shows the implant of Figure 8 in plan view.

With reference to Figures 1 and 2, the implant shown includes two parallel implant plates 1 and 1' approximating semi-circular shape so that they can fit in slots formed by circular saws and having (i) lower vents or apertures 4, 5, 6 through which newly formed osteoclasts of the osseous part (cortical jaw bone) 9 (Figure 5) that is of the cells of tissue can pass and which enclose the implant after a few days of insertion, and (ii) intermediate apertures 7, 8 (Figure 1) through which osteoclasts of the cortical jaw bone or of the periosteumll (Figure 5) can pass for anchoring the implant.

The implant includes a bar plate 17 which is transverse to the plate 1, 1' and which has upper apertures or bores 13, 14, 15, 16, (Figure ) to permit reconstituted fibres of the mucosa (gum) 12 (Figure 5) to pass therethrough for anchoring the implant.

The bar plate 17 has integral therewith an upwardly projecting stud carrier 18 threaded at the top at 19 to receive a stud 20 having a threaded bore 21 into which the threaded portion can be screwed.

Another threaded bore 22 of the stud serves to hold by screw threading the ca on the bridge which enables inspection of the implant.

The two parallel plates 1 and 1' are spaced by a distance "d" selected on the basis of the osseous structure of the patient's mouth at the zone in which the implant has to be inserted and other functional features.

Instead of the implant having a single integral stud carrier 18, 19 there may be two integral stud carriers as shown in Figures 6 and 7.

In Figure 3 is shown a stamped blank from which an implant according to another embodiment of the invention may be formed and in which the apertures corresponding to apertures 7 and 8 of the Figure 1 embodiment are modified.

In Figures 8 and 9, there is shown in side view and plan an embodiment of an implant which is adapted for insertion in a dental arch with a very thin alveolar crest and which has a single plate 1 for location in a single slot in the jaw bone.

In this case also, the plate 1 has the lower vents 4, 5, 6 for the anchoring by means of the reconstitution of the osteoclasts of the spongy part of the bone indicated at 10 in Figure 5, the intermediate vents 7, 8 for the anchoring by means of the reconstitution of the cortical jaw bone or the periosteumll and the apertures or bores 13, 14, 15, 16, made in the retaining plate 17 to allow the reconstitution of the mucosa 12.

The plate 1 is integral with the plate 17 and the plate 17 is in turn integral with the stud carrier 18. The carrier is threaded at 19 to receive the stud 20 (Figure 4).

In Figure 8, there is indicated at 25 the bottom of the semi-circular slit made for receiving the plate 1, (two such slots 25 will be formed for plates 1 and 1' in the case of the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 or Fig- ure 4). Such slots or slits is or are made with very thin cutters.

Purely by way of indication and not to be considered as limiting, the following values of the measurements are given for the implant and for the cutters.

In the case of Figures 1 and 2, the plates 1 and 1' have the thickness 0.5mm and are fabricated in spectrographically pure tantalum (purity equal to 999,999 O/oo) and passivated, for example, by means of anodic oxidation so as to minimise rejection and to maximise biocompatibility. The distance "d" between the two plates may vary from 2 to 3mm according to the thickness of the dental arch.

The height of the unthreaded portion of stud carrier 18 may be 1.5mm; the height of the threaded part 19 may be 2.5mm; the total height of the stud carrier may be 4.5mm but may if necessary be less to allow, after the suture of the edge of the mucosa, the whole implant to remain completely enclosed under the gum until complete healing, avoiding communication with the mouth cavity.

The stud carrier is preferably constructed in three different heights in the range from 2-3mm to 4-4.5mm. If the surgeon wishes he can adapt the gum to a single height.

Given the construction of the implant and the biocompatability of the material used (passivated tantalum) suturing can be done and the screw for the stud left to project because the small diameter of the screw (2mm) and the rapid healing of the osseous vents hinder the infiltration.

The fact that the plates 1, 1' are very thin and made of spectrographically pure tantalum which is passivated, makes for very rapid healing, as already indicated, through the lower 4, 5, 6, intermediate 7, 8 and upper 13, 14, 15, 16, vents, of the osseous and fibrous tissue. In the case of a single plate 1, (Figures 8 and 9) with the view of achieving a sufficient mechanical resistance, the thickness of the plate may amount to 0.8 mm. The radius D1 of the cutter which makes each slit in the dental arch to receive the corresponding plate may, for example, be of the order of magnitude of 9mm.

Care will be taken to ensure that this radius is about 0.25mm greater than the radius D2 of the curved portions of the plate to assist its introduction mto the slit and also the thickness of the cutter will be such as to produce a slit having the thickness less by about 2-3/100 of a millimetre in respect of that of the plate so that the introduction of the plate occurs with a slight friction taking advantage of the actual elasticity of the dental arch permitting the stability of the initial positioning of the implant.

The implant comprising the single implant plate or two implant plates, the bar plate 17 and the stud carrier or carriers 18, 19 may be advantageously made by stamping in a single piece (one example is shown in Figure 3) in passivated tantalum as stated above.

The stud carriers 18, 19 may be orthogonal or even inclined up to 90 to the orthogonal in respect of the plate 17 to permit of a perfect stoppage.

The shape and the dimensions of the parts comprising the implant may obviously vary without departing from the scope of the invention.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. An individual endoosseous implant for odontostomatology (surgery of the mouth), comprising an implant plate or spaced parallel implant plates for introduc tlon into one or two semi-circular slits or slots made in the cortical jaw bone of the dental arch, a bar plate which lies transverse to said implant plate or plates and which in use lies on top of the cortical jaw bone, and at least one stud carrier integral with said bar plate extending upwardly therefrom to receive a stud on which may be fixed an artificial tooth or bridge, the said implant having vents or apertures in said implant plate or plates for the anchoring thereof by means of the passage of the osteoclasts of the osseous or spongy part of the cortical jaw bone.

2. An implant according to claim 1, wherein there are additional vents, bores or apertures in the implant plate or plates or the bar plate to allow the healing therethrough of the fibres of the mucosa.

3. An implant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the or each stud carrier is threaded at its upper end to receive a stud by screwing.

4. An implant according to any preceding claim wherein the implant is a one-piece stamping.

5. An implant according to any preceding claim wherein the said implant plate or plates is/are approximately semi-circular.

6. An implant according to any preceding claim wherein the or each stud carrier is orthogonal with respect to the bar plate.

7. An implant according to any of claims 1 to 5 wherein the or each stud carrier is inclined with respect to the bar plate.

8. An implant according to any preceding claim, in combination with a stud to be carried on the stud carrier or one of the stud carriers, wherein the said stud has at its free end a threaded bore for holding, by means of an inspection screw, a cap or a bridge.

9. An implant according to any preceding claim, wherein the implant is made of passivated spectrographically pure tantalum.

10. An implant according to claim 10, wherein for biocompatibility, the said passivation is obtained by means of anodic oxidation.

11. An individual endoosseo implant substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or Figures 3 and 4, or Figures 6 and 7 or Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.

12. A method for the insertion in the patient's mouth of the implant according to claim 1, wherein an implement constituted by one or by two rotatinparallel disc cutters is used to make a sZit or two parallel semi-circular slits in the patient's jaw bone, the slit or slits being capable of receiving the implant plate or plates respectively of the implant but being narrower than the thickness of the plate or plates by 2-3 hundredths of a millimetre, the implant plate or plates of the implant is or are inserted in the slit or slits, and the gum is sutured so that the implant with the stud carrier remains completely enclosed within the gum avoiding any communication with the mouth cavity so that afterwards the stud carrier can be exposed for the fixing of a stud in the stud carrier.

Reference has been directed in pursuance of section 9, subsection (1) of the Patents Act 1949, to patent No. 1 466652.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. produce a slit having the thickness less by about 2-3/100 of a millimetre in respect of that of the plate so that the introduction of the plate occurs with a slight friction taking advantage of the actual elasticity of the dental arch permitting the stability of the initial positioning of the implant. The implant comprising the single implant plate or two implant plates, the bar plate 17 and the stud carrier or carriers 18, 19 may be advantageously made by stamping in a single piece (one example is shown in Figure 3) in passivated tantalum as stated above. The stud carriers 18, 19 may be orthogonal or even inclined up to 90 to the orthogonal in respect of the plate 17 to permit of a perfect stoppage. The shape and the dimensions of the parts comprising the implant may obviously vary without departing from the scope of the invention. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. An individual endoosseous implant for odontostomatology (surgery of the mouth), comprising an implant plate or spaced parallel implant plates for introduc tlon into one or two semi-circular slits or slots made in the cortical jaw bone of the dental arch, a bar plate which lies transverse to said implant plate or plates and which in use lies on top of the cortical jaw bone, and at least one stud carrier integral with said bar plate extending upwardly therefrom to receive a stud on which may be fixed an artificial tooth or bridge, the said implant having vents or apertures in said implant plate or plates for the anchoring thereof by means of the passage of the osteoclasts of the osseous or spongy part of the cortical jaw bone.