GB1592257A

GB1592257A - Apparatus for making continuously cast metallic strip

Info

Publication number: GB1592257A
Application number: GB3514279A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Allied Chemical and Dye Corp; Allied Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Allied Corp
Priority date: 1976-10-22
Filing date: 1977-10-11
Publication date: 1981-07-01
Also published as: SE7711476L; FR2381581B1; DE2746238C2; FR2368324B1; FR2368324A1; FR2381581A1; JPS5942586B2; NL176150B; NL7711091A; DE2746238A1; IT1116337B; SE8301648D0; SE433712B; AU503857B2; SE460291B; SE8301648L; NL176150C; CH625438A5; GB1592256A; JPS5353525A

Description

PATENT SPECIFICATION ( 11) 1 592 257

r.> ( 21) Application No 35142/79 ( 22)_Filed 11 Oct 1977 ( 19) Ut ( 62) Divided Out of No 1592255 el ( 31) Convention Application No's 734776 ( 32) Filed 22 Oct 1976 in ' 821110 2 Aug 1977 in ' \ ( 33) United States of America (US) ( 44) Complete Specification Published 1 Jul 1981 ( 51) INT CL 3 B 22 D 11/06 ( 52) Index at Acceptance B 3 F 1 G 1 X 1 G 2 C 1 1 G 2 C 5 1 G 2 CX 1 G 2 QX 1 1 G 2 W 4 M 1 G 2 W 4 N 1 G 2 W 5 1 G 45 1 G 4 V 1 1 G 4 V 2 A 1 G 4 V 2 B ( 72) Inventor: MANDAYAM C NARASIMHAN ( 54) APPARATUS FOR MAKING CONTINUOUSLY CAST METALLIC STRIP ( 71) We, ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a Corporation organised and existing under the laws of the State of New York, United States of America, of Columbia Road and Park Avenue, Morris Township, Morris County, New Jersey 07960, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in 5

and by the following statement:-

This invention relates to apparatus for making continuous metal strip, particularly metal strips with an amorphous-molecular structure, by a method comprising depositing molten metal onto the moving surface of a chill body by forcing the metal through a slotted nozzle located in close proximity to the surface of the chill body 10 For purposes of the present invention, a strip is a slender body whose transverse dimensions are much less than its length, including ribbons and sheets, of regular or irregular cross section.

There has long been recognised the need for processes which would permit manufacture of finished or semi-finished products such as wire, ribbon or sheet directly from the molten 15 metal Hubert et al provided a review of such processes and classified then available technology into the "melt spin process" and the "melt drag process", lZeitschrift fuer Metallkunde 64, 835-843 ( 1973)l.

In the melt spin process, a jet of molten metal is cooled, either in free flight or by jetting it against a chill block, to obtain continuous filament Both of these embodiments employ a 20 pressurized orifice There is also a melt spin process operating without an orifice, wherein molten metal is supplied to a jet-forming device, such as a grooved spinning disc, to be expelled therefrom Hubert et al stated that the key to success in the melt spin process is to stabilize the liquid jet until it solidifies Jets of molten metal are inherently unstable since they have a strong tendency for droplet formation on account of the low viscosity and high 25 surface tension of molten metal Basic problems of jet stability have been discussed by Butler et al, in Fiber Science and Technology 5, 243-262 ( 1972).

In the melt drag process (British Patent Specification No 1160934), molten metal is made to form a meniscus held on by surface tension, at the outlet of a nozzle From this meniscus molten metal is then dragged onto a rotating continuous cooled drum or belt This method 30 avoids the difficulties of jet instablity inherent in the melt spin process Unfortunately, however, the speed of the moving chill surface in the melt drag process is severely restricted due to restriction in melt flow at meniscus, or else only discontinuous filament is obtained.

Also, it is believed that the melt drag process is not readily adaptable to provide sufficiently high rates of cooling of the molten metal to permit production of amorphous metal strips 35 Such strips require rapid quenching of certain molten alloys at a cooling rate of at least 104 C per second, more usually 106,C per second.

Continuous amorphous metal strips of narrow widths and thicknesses have heretofore been made by the melt spin process involving rapid quenching of a jet of molten metal directed against a moving chill surface, such as the inside or outside of a rotating roll, or a 40 moving belt The molten alloy jet which is to be quenched is stable due to its high velocity for a relatively short distance, say 3 to about 6 millimetres When it hits the rapidly moving chill substrate (velocity typically between about 1300 and about 2000 metres per minute) it wets it and forms a puddle That puddle is essentially stationary in space as the moving substrate draws it out into a strip, which is travelling at the same speed as the substrate In 45 2 1 592 257 2 actual application, it has been found that, using a single jet, the maximum width of strip so obtained from a jet of substantially circular cross section is limited to about 5 to 6 millimetres Attempts to provide wider strips by impinging a sheet-like jet against a moving chill surface met with little success, principally because the wide jet initially does not form a smooth line puddle as required to obtain a uniform, wide product, and consequently 5 produces kinky, non-uniformly quenched strip.

It is also possible to impinge a plurality of parallel, uniform jets properly spaced onto a moving substrate to form a relatively wide strip This approach, however, has inherent difficulties inasmuch as it requires a close matching of the jet velocities and spacings with the substrate speed The principal difficulty is that either the jets do not join together to 10 form a puddle, or the jets run together to form a ridge, so that, from a practical standpoint, it is difficult to obtain strips with uniform cross sections Moreover, since the molten metal puddle deposited by the jets onto the chill substrate tends to assume the equilibrium shape of a droplet, thick at the centre and thin at the edges, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to maintain a puddle of sufficiently uniform thickness for "drawing out" strips having even 15 approximately uniform cross section wider than about 7 5 mm.

In any event, it has not been possible to obtain wide metal strips, say wider than about 6 millimetres having isotropic strengths, by single or multiple jet casting procedures, that is to say having identical tensile strengths and elongation measured in the transverse as well as in the longitudinal direction, or in any direction therebetween, even though metal strips with 20 amorphous structures should be isotropic at least with respect to their tensile properties, and those with cast polycrystalline structures should be approximately isotropic Anisotropic tensile properties of wide strips of amorphous metal obtained by multiple jet casting procedure are believed to be caused by inherent imperfections in the strips obtained by that procedure Significantly, however, strips made by jet casting procedures, regardless of 25 width, lack uniformity of thickness, measured transversely, and they are prone to show significant variations in width along their length They lack such uniformity of thickness because they are drawn out from a puddle of liquid metal, which puddle has a strong tendency to assume the equilibrium shape of a droplet on account of the high surface tension of molten metal; they are prone to variations in width because even slight 30 unavoidable variations in the flow rate of the molten metal through the orifice to form the jet will cause variations in the diameter of the puddle with resultant variations in width of the strip drawn therefrom.

U.S P 3,862,658 to Bedell inter alia discloses a method for making amorphous strips (filaments) by ejecting molten alloy into the nip of two closely spaced counter-rotating steel 35 rolls This method provides for rapid, effective cooling of the melt, but involves rolling of the solidified strip between the steel rolls, as a result of which the product has anisotropic tensile properties By that method Bedell obtained an amorphous ribbon of 0 012 centimetres thickness and 1 27 centimetres width (Example 4 of U S P 3, 862,658).

It has been found that, if a thin uniform layer of molten metal is mechanically supported 40 on a chill surface using the apparatus of our invention, it becomes possible to draw out thin metal strips in the form of ribbons and sheets with aspect ratios (width/thickness) ranging from unity to any desired value, as below described.

Accordingly, in the present invention there is provided apparatus for making continuous metal strip from a melt comprising, in combination: 45 (a) a movable chill body providing a chill surface for deposition thereon of molten metal for solidification, means being provided for driving the chill body at a speed to provide longitudinal movement of said chill surface at a velocity of from 100 to 2000 metres per minute; and (b) a reservoir for holding molten metal, said reservoir including heating means for 50 maintaining the temperature of the metal above its melting point, said reservoir being in communication with (c) a nozzle having an orifice slot for depositing molten metal onto said chill surface, located in close proximity to said chill surface, the orifice slot being arranged generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the chill surface, and being defined by a pair 55 of parallel lips, a first lip and a second lip numbered in direction of movement of the chill surface, wherein said slot has a width of from 0 3 to about 1 millimetre, measured in direction of movement of the chill surface, wherein said first lip has a width at least equal to the width of said slot, and said second lip has a width of from 1 5 to 3 times the width of said slot, wherein the gap between the lips and the chill surface is between 0 03 and 1 millimetre 60 and is from 0 1 to 1 times the width of said slot; (d) the apparatus being adapted to operate with means being provided for effecting expulsion of the molten metal contained in said reservoir through said nozzle for deposition onto the moving chill surface The length of the slot (measured perpendicular to the direction of movement of the chill surface) will determine the width of the strip or sheet 65 3 1 592 2573 being cast and, as a practical consideration, should not be longer than the width of the chill surface.

Means for effecting expulsion of the molten metal contained in the reservoir through the nozzle for deposition onto the moving chill surface in use of the apparatus include pressurization of the reservoir, such as by an inert gas, or utilization of the hydrostatic head 5 of molten metal if the level of metal in the reservoir is located in sufficiently elevated position.

In the specification of our parent application No 42349/77 (Serial No 1592255) from

Claims

which the present application is divided we claim according to one aspect a method of forming continuous metal strip by depositing molten metal onto the surface of a moving 10 chill body, which comprises: (a) moving the surface of a chill body in a longitudinal direction at a constant predetermined velocity of from 100 to 2000 metres per minute past the orifice slot of a nozzle defined by a pair of generally parallel lips located proximate to said surface such that the gap between the lips and the surface is from 0 03 to 1 millimetre, said orifice being 15 arranged generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the surface of said chill body; and (b) forcing a stream of molten metal through the orifice of the nozzle into contact with the surface of the moving chill body to permit the metal to solidify thereon to form a continuous strip Desirably, the molten metal is an alloy which, upon cooling from the melt 20 and quenching at a rate of at least 104 'C/sec with its chill surface moving at at least 900 metres per minute, forms an amorphous solid; it may also form a polycrystalline metal. Strips made using the apparatus of the present invention are specifically claimed in our copending patent application No 7935141 (Serial No 1592256) which claims a continuously cast strip of amorphous metal having a width of at least 7 millimetres, preferably at least 1 25 centimetre and having isotropic tensile properties. The invention will be further described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 of the drawings provides a side view in partial cross section illustrating formation of strip from molten metal deposited onto a moving chill surface from a nozzle having 30 specific configuration and placement with relation to the chill surface, in apparatus in accordance with the present invention 1 Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings each provide a somewhat simplified perspective view of two embodiments of apparatus of the present invention in operation In Figure 2, formation of strip takes place on the surface of a chill roll mounted to rotate around its longitudinal 35 axis In Figure 3, formation of strip takes place on the surface of an endless moving belt. Figure 4 provides a side view in cross section of a nozzle in its relation to the surface of the chill substrate for discussion of relative dimensions of slot width, lip dimensions, and gap between lip and chill surface. Figure 5 provides a cross sectional view taken in a plane perpendicular to direction of 40 movement of the chill surface illustrating a preferred embodiment of a nozzle employed in the practice of the present invention providing concave-shaped internal side walls. Figures 6 and 7 each provide a schematic view of the shape of the slot of a slotted nozzle seen from the surface of the chill substrate Figure 6 illustrates a generally rectangular slot; Figure 7 illustrates a slot having enlarged (lobed) end sections 45 The method of casting a continuous strip using the apparatus of the p Iresent invention may be termed "planar flow casting" Its principle of operation is explained in the following with reference to Figure 1. Figure 1 shows in partial cross section a side view illustrating the method of the present invention As shown in Figure 1, a chill body 1, here illustrated as a belt, travels in the 50 direction of the arrow in close promixity to a slotted nozzle defined by a first lip 3 and a second lip 4 Molten metal 2 is forced under pressure through the nozzle to be brought into contact with the moving surface of the chill body As the metal is solidified in contact with the surface of the moving chill body, a solidification front, indicated by line 6, is formed. Above the solidification front a body of molten metal is maintained As shown in the 55 illustrated method the solidification front barely misses the end of second lip 4 First lip 3 supports the molten metal essentially by the pumping action of the melt which results from constant removal of solidified strip 5 The surface of the moving chill body 1 travels at a velocity within the range of from 100 to 2000 metres per minute The rate of flow of molten metal equals the rate of removal of metal in the form of solid strip and is self-controlled 60 The rate of flow is pressure assisted, but controlled by the forming solidification front and the second lip 4 which mechanically defines the depth of the molten metal below it Thus, the rate of flow of the molten metal is primarily controlled by the viscous flow between the second lip and the solid strip being formed, and is not primarily controlled by the slot width. In order to obtain a sufficiently high quench-rate to make an amorphous ribbon, the surface 65 1 592 257 4 1 592 257 4 of the chill body must ordinarily move at a velocity of at least 200 metres per minute At lower velocities it is generally not possible to obtain quench rates, that is to say cooling rates at the solidification temperature, of at least 104 CC per second, as is required in order to, obtain amorphous metal strips Of course, lower velocities, as low as about 100 metres per minute, are usually operable, but result in polycrystalline strips And, in any event, casting 5 by the present process of metal alloys which do not form amorphous solids will result in polycrystalline strips, regardless of the velocity of travel of the chill surface The velocity of movement of the chill surface should not be in excess of 2000 metres per minute because as the speed of the substrate increases, the height of the solidification front is depressed due to decreased time available for solidification This leads to formation of thin strip (thickness 10 less than 0 02 millimetre) Since the success of the process hinges on thorough wetting of the chill substrate by the molten metal, and since very thin layers of molten metal (e g. thinner than 0 02 millimetre) do not adequately wet the chill substrate, thin, porous strip is obtained which is not commercially acceptable This is particularly pronounced if the casting operation is carried out other than in vacuum, since currents of the ambient gas, 15 such as air, have substantial adverse influence on strip formation at higher substrate speeds. As a general proposition, it can be stated that an increase in chill surface velocity results in production of thinner strip and, conversely, that a reduction of that velocity results in thicker strip Preferably, velocities range from 300 to 1500, more preferably from 600 to 1000 metres per minute 20 In order to obtain solid continuous strip of uniform cross section, certain dimensions concerning the nozzle and its interrelationship with the chill surface are critical They are explained with reference to Figure 4 of the drawings With reference to Figure 4, width a of the slot of the slotted nozzle, which slot is arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement of the chill surface should be from 0 3 to about 1 millimetre, preferably from 0 6 25 to 0 9 millimetre As previously stated, the width of the slot does not primarily control the rate of flow of molten metal therethrough, but it might become a limiting factor if it is too narrow While, to some extent that may be compensated for by employing higher pressures to force the molten metal at the required rate through the narrower slot, it is more convenient to provide a slot of sufficient width If, on the other hand, the slot is too wide, 30 say wider than about 1 millimetre, then at any given velocity of movement of the chill surface, the solidification front formed by the metal as it solidifies on the chill surface will be correspondingly longer, resulting in a thicker strip which could not be cooled at a rate sufficient to obtain amorphous strip, if this were desired. With further reference to Figure 4, width b of second lip 4 is from 1 5 to 3 times the width 35 of the slot, preferably from 2 to 2 5 times the width of the slot Optimum width can be determined by simple routine experimentation If the second lip is too narrow, then it will fail to provide adequate support to the molten metal and only discontinuous strip is produced If, on the other hand, the second lip is too wide, solid-tosolid rubbing between the lip and the strip will result, leading to rapid failure of the nozzle With further reference 40 to Figure 4, width c of first lip 3 must be at least substantially equal to the width of the slot, preferably at least 1 5 times the width of the slot If the first lip is too narrow, then the molten metal will tend to ooze out, the molten metal will not uniformly wet the chill surface, and no strip, or only irregular strip, will be formed Preferred dimensions of the first lip are from 1 5 to 3, more preferably from 2 to 2 5 times the width of the slot 45 Still with reference to Figure 4 the gaps between the surface of the chill body 1 and first and second lips 3 and 4, respectively represented by d and e, and which may be of the same or different depths as illustrated, may be from 0 03 to 1 millimetre, preferably from 0 03 to 0.25 millimetre, more preferably yet from 0 08 to 0 15 millimetre A gap in excess of 1 millimetre would cause flow of the molten metal to be limited by slot width rather than by 50 the lips Strips produced under this condition are thicker, but are of nonuniform thickness: Moreover, they usually are insufficiently quenched and consequently have non-uniform properties Such product lacks commercial acceptability On the other hand, a gap of less than 0 03 millimetre would lead to solid-to-solid contact between the solidification front and the nozzle when the slot width is in excess of 0 3 millimetre, leading to rapid failure of 55 the nozzle Within the above parameters, the gaps between the surface of the chill body and the lips may vary A larger gap may, for example, be provided on one side than on the other, so that a strip of varying thickness across its width is obtained. When the chill surface is a flat surface, such as a belt, the gaps between the surface of the chill surface and the first and second lips represented by dimensions d and e in Figure 4 may 60 be equal If however, the movable chill body furnishing the chill surface is an annular chill roll then these gaps may not be equal, or else the strip formed will not separate from the chill roll, but it will be carried around the perimeter of the roll and will hit and destroy the nozzle We have surprisingly found that this can be avoided by making gap d smaller than gap e, that is to say, by providing a smaller gap between the first lip and the chill surface 65 1 592 257 1 592 257 5 than between the second lip and the chill surface We have further surprisingly found that the larger the difference in the sizes of the gaps between the first and the second lip and the chill surface, the closer to the nozzle the strip will separate from the chill surface so that, by controlling the difference between these gaps, the point of separation of the strip from the annular chill roll can be controlled Such difference in gaps can be established by slight 5 tilting or off-centre mounting of the nozzle so that its exit points in the direction of rotation of the chill roll We have further noted that residence time of the strip on an annular chill roll tends to increase with increasing gap between the nozzle and the chill surface. Within the above parameters, when, for example, the chill surface may be moved at a velocity of 700 metres per minute, the width of the slot may be between 0 5 to 0 8 10 millimetre The second lip should be between 1 5 to 2 times the width of the slot, and the first lip should be 1 to 1 5 times the width of the slot The metal in the reservoir should be pressurized to between 0 5 to 2 psig The gap between the second lip and the substrate may be between 0 05 and 0 2 millimetre If an annular chill roll is employed, the gap between the first lip and the surface of the chill body must be less than the gap between the second 15 lip and the surface of the chill body, as above discussed This can, for example, be accomplished by off-centre mounting of the nozzle Increasing the gap and/or the gas pressure increases the strip thickness when the velocity of movement chill surface remains unchanged. With reference to Figure 2 of the drawings, which provides a perspective view of 20 apparatus of the present invention, there is shown an annular chill roll 7 rotably mounted around its longitudinal axis, and reservoir 8 for holding molten metal equipped with induction heating coils 9 Reservoir 8 is in communication with slotted nozzle 10, which, as above described, is mounted in close proximity to the surface of annular chill roll 7. Annular chill roll 7 may optionally be provided with cooling means (not shown), as means 25 for circulating a cooling liquid, such as water, through its interior Reservoir 8 is further equipped with means (not shown) for pressurizing the molten metal contained therein to effect expulsion thereof through nozzle 10 In operation, molten metal maintained under pressure in reservoir 8 is ejected through nozzle 10 onto the surface of the rotating chill roll 1, whereon it immediately solidifies to form strip 11 Due to unequal gaps between the first 30 and second lips of the nozzle and the chill roll surface, as above discussed, strip 11 separates from the chill roll and is flung away therefrom to be collected by a suitable collection device (not shown) In Figure 2 there is further shown nozzle 11 a adapted to direct a stream of inert gas, such as helium, argon or nitrogen, against the surface of the chill roll ahead of slotted nozzle 10, i e before its chill surface reaches the nozzle in use of the apparatus, for 35 purposes described further below. The embodiment illustrated by Figure 3 of the drawings employs as chill body an endless belt 12 which is placed over rolls 13 and 13 a which are caused to rotate by external means (not shown) Molten metal is provided from reservoir 14, equipped with means for pressurizing the molten metal therein (not shown) Molten metal in reservoir 14 is heated 40 by electrical induction heating coil 15 Reservoir 14 is in communication with nozzle 16 equipped with a slotted orifice In operation, belt 10 is moved at a longitudinal velocity of at least about 600 metres per minute Molten metal from reservoir 14 is pressurized to force it through nozzle 16 into contact with belt 12, whereon it is solidified into a solid strip 17 which is separated from belt 12 by means not shown 45 The surface of the chill body which provides the actual chill surface can be any metal having relatively high thermal conductivity, such as copper This requirement is particularly applicable if it is desired to make amorphous or metastable strips Preferred materials of construction include beryllium copper and oxygen free copper If desired, the chill surface may be highly polished or may be provided with a highly uniform surface, such as chrome 50 plate, to obtain filament having smooth surface characteristics To provide protection against erosion, corrosion, or thermal fatigue, the surface of the chill body may be coated with a suitable resistant or high melting coating, for example, a ceramic coating, or with a coating of corrosion resistant high melting metal, which may be applied by known procedures provided that in each case the wettability of the molten metal on the chill 55 substrate is adequate. In short run operation it will not ordinarily be necessary to provide cooling for the chill body provided it has relatively large mass so that it can act as a heat sink and absorb considerable amount of heat However, for longer runs, and especially if the chill body is a belt which has relatively little mass, cooling of the chill body is desirably provided This may 60 be conveniently accomplished by contacting it with cooling media which may be liquids or gases If the chill body is a chill roll, water or other liquid cooling media may be circulated through it, or air or other gases may be blown over it Alternatively, evaporative cooling may be employed, as by externally contacting the chill body with water or any other liquid medium which through evaporation provides cooling Even though one might expect 65 1 592 257 considerable variations in thickness along the length of the strip due to thermal expansion of the chill surface as the casting process progresses, we have in our experiments surprisingly found that equilibrium conditions apparently are established very rapdidly, within production of a few metres of strip, and that thereafter the strip is of remarkably uniform thickness from end to end For example, thickness along the length of the strip has 5 been found to vary as little as about 5 percent This is particularly remarkable since ordinarily unavoidable runout of the chill roll will be of larger magnitude than the variation in thickness In a way, the process is self-compensating for weargenerated variations in gap between lips and chill surface Furthermore, strip made by the process is of remarkably uniform width, with variations in width along the length having been measured as small as 10 about 0 0004 centimetre Such uniformity of width is believed to be unobtainable employing conventional melt spin procedures; strip of such uniform width would ordinarily only be obtained employing cutting procedures. The slotted nozzle employed for depositing molten metal onto the chill surface may be constructed of any suitable material Desirably, a material is chosen which is not wetted by 15 the molten metal A convenient material of construction is fused silica, which may be blown into desired shape and then be provided with a slotted orifice by machining For the sake of convenience, the reservoir and the nozzle may be shaped from a single piece of material A suitable form of nozzle employing concave lower walls terminating in a slot is illustrated by Figure 5 Nozzles of that configuration have been found very effective The shape of the slot 20 may be substantially rectangular as illustrated by Figure 6 Preferably, the ends of the slot are lobed, as in generally rounded form as illustrated by Figure 7 to provide adequate flow of molten metal at the marginal portions The velocity of flow of metal near the nozzle walls is always lower than the velocity near the centre Therefore, when a rectangular slot such as illustrated by Figure 6 is employed, the amount of molten metal available at the marginal 25 portions is less than at the centre, resulting in a filament having tapered or serrated edges. If, on the other hand, the slot is formed with lobed ends, as shown in Figure 7, adequate flow of molten metal at the ends of the slot is provided and a smoothedged filament is obtained. The molten metal which is to be formed into a strip is heated, preferably in an inert 30 atmosphere, to a temperature approximately 500 to 100 C above its melting point or higher A slight vacuum may be applied to the vessel holding the molten metal to prevent premature flow of the molten metal through the nozzle Ejection of the molten metal through the nozzle is required and may be effected by the pressure of the static head of the molten metal in the reservoir, or preferably by pressurizing the reservoir to pressure in the 35 order of, say, 0 5 to 1 psig, until the molten metal is ejected If pressures are excessive, more molten metal may be forced through the slot than can be carried away by the chill surface, resulting in uncontrolled pressure flow In a severe case, splattering of the molten metal may result In a less severe case, strip having a ragged, irregular edge and of irregular thickness will be formed Correctness of pressure can be judged by the appearance of the 40 strip; if it is uniformly dimensioned, correct pressure is applied Correctness of pressure can be judged during the casting operation by the appearance of the strip in the vicinity of the second lip Under conditions of uncontrolled pressure flow, the molten metal, as indicated by its red glowing appearance, extends well past the second lip Under controlled conditions, the melt does not flow past the second lip to any significant extent, and no 45 redness is observed Correct pressure can thus be readily determined by simple, routine experimentation for each particular set of circumstances. Metals which can be formed into polycrystalline strip directly from the melt using the present apparatus include aluminium, tin, copper, iron, steel and stainless steel. Metal alloys which, upon rapid cooling from the melt, form solid amorphous structures 50 are preferred These are well known to those skilled in the art Exemplary such alloys are disclosed in the specification of United States Patents Nos 3,427,154 and 3,981,722, as well as others. Use of the present apparatus has several distinct advantages It makes possible casting of wide strips of amorphous metal alloys, avoiding the disadvantages of free jet casting, as 55 above discussed It provides more uniformly dimensioned strips, with respect to width as well as thickness, with fewer imperfections, having isotropic tensile properties Amorphous strip of greater thickness can be cast, because a quench rate can be used which is by about a factor of 10 higher than that obtainable by known jet impingement techniques This is demonstrated by the fact that amorphous strips can be cast from alloys, such as Pd 75 Si 25 60 which cannot be obtained in amorphous form by jet impingement methods of the prior art. Furthermore, jet impingement methods of the prior art are not capable of making strips having width in excess of about 6 millimetres and having isotropic tensile properties The described method provides for uniformity of quench due to reduce momentum transfer, inter alia, which appears to be an important factor for obtainment of high quality product 65 1 592 257 strip. Furthermore, the method provides ready means for casting of metal in an inert atmosphere Such inert atmosphere may be readily provided by the simple expedient of directing a stream of inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium against the moving chill surface ahead of the nozzle, as illustrated in Figure 2 By this simple expedient, it is possible 5 to cast reactive alloys such as Fe 70 Mo 10 C 18 B 2 which burn readily when exposed to air in molten form and which cannot be cast in air by conventional jet impingement methods. The process using the present apparatus may be carried out in air, in a partial or high vacuum, or in any desired atmosphere which may be provided by an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium When it is conducted in vacuum, it is desirably conducted under 10 vacuum within the range of from about 100 up to about 3000 microns We have made the surprising discovery that in the process use of vacuum below about 100 or 50 microns has unexpectedly adverse influence on adhesion of the metal strip to the chill surface, with resultant tendency to form imperfect, insufficiently quenched strip An amorphous quenching alloy may lack ductility and be brittle instead We have no explanation for this 15 phenomenon at present In the present process the benefits of operation under vacuum, viz. improved uniformity of the strip product and elimination of oxidative attack, are obtained by operation under vacuum within the above stated range, preferably by operation under vacuum within the range of from 200 micron to 2000 micron The benefit of operation in an inert atmosphere is obtained by merely directing a stream of the inert gas against the 20 surface of the moving chill body ahead of the nozzle as above described Alternatively, the apparatus can be enclosed in a suitable housing which is then evacuated, or the air in the housing may be replaced with the desired inert gas While the present apparatus is particularly suited for making amorphous metal strips because of the improved quench rate which can be provided, as above discussed, it is also eminently suited for making strips of 25 polycrystalline metals and of nonductile or brittle alloys which are not readily formable into strip using conventional procedures. The preferred product using the present invention is a strip of metal with an amorphous molecular structure having width of at least 7 millimetres, preferably at least 1 centimetre, and, more preferably yet, having width of at least 3 centimetres The strip is at least 0 02 30 millimetre thick, but may be as thick as 0 14 millimetre, or thicker, depending on the melting point, solidication and crystallization characteristics of the alloy employed The product has isotropic tensile properties, as above described These tensile properties are conveniently determined on tensile specimens cut from the strip in various directions, viz. longitudinal, transverse, and at angles therebetween, employing standard tensile testing 35 methods and apparatus The product is further characterized by smooth, even surfaces, and uniformity of cross section as well as of thickness and width along its length It has all of the advantages properties of known amorphous metal strips, so that it is suitable for use in applications in which such strips have been previously employed, e g in cutting implements and magnetic shielding devices In these applications its greater width is a decided 40 advantage Additionally, because of its greater width coupled with its isotropic tensile properties, it is eminently suited for use as reinforcement material, particularly in composite structures. The following examples illustrate use of the apparatus of the present invention. 45 Example 1 Apparatus employed is similar to that depicted in Figure 2 The chill roll employed has a diameter of 16 inches and it is 5 inches wide It is rotated at a speed of about 700 rpm, corresponding to a linear velocity of the peripheral surface of the chill roll of about 895 metres per minute A nozzle having a slotted orifice of 0 9 millimetre width and 51 50 millimetre length defined by a first lip of 1 8 millimetres width and a second lip of 2 4 millimetres width (lips numbered in direction of rotation of the chill roll) is mounted perpendicular to the direction of movement of the peripheral surface of the chill roll, such that the gap between the second lip and the surface of the chill roll is 0 05 millimetre, and the gap between the first lip and the surface of the chill roll is 0 06 millimetre Metal having 55 composition Fe 40 Ni 40 P 14 B 6 with a melting point of about 950 'C is employed It is supplied to the nozzle from a pressurized crucible wherein it is maintained under pressure of about 0.7 psig at temperature of 1000 'C Pressure is supplied by means of an argon blanket The molten metal is expelled through the slotted orifice at the rate of 14 kilograms per minute. It solidifices on the surface of the chill roll into a strip of 0 05 millimetre thickness having 60 width of 5 centimetres Upon examination using X-ray diffractometry, the strip is found to be amorphous in structure Tensile specimens cut from the strip in longitudinal and transverse direction exhibit equal tensile strength, and elongation The strip has isotropic tensile properties.

1 592 257 Examples 2 to 6 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated employing the equipment, process conditions, metal and alloys summarized in the Table, below, to obtain the products described in the Table.

TABLE Example Metal (alloy) Chill Roll diameter (inch) Chill Roll width (inch) Cu Cu+ 1 wt% Zn 16 16 Chill Roll rpm Nozzle orifice width (mm) Nozzle orifice length (mm) Width first lip (mm) Width second lip (mm) Gap-second lip to chill roll (mm) 714 714 714 600 1600 0.635 0 635 0 635 0 762 1 01 1.15 0.12 1.15 12 12 1.15 1.6 0.12 0 12 0 12 1.6 1.8 0.25 Gap-first lip to chill roll (mm) Melting point of metal ( C) 0.15 0.15 0 15 0.15 0.28 1083 -1075 -1060 -655 -950 0.7 Pressure applied to crucible (psig) Temp of metal in crucible approx.

( C) Thickness of strip ( 0.001 in) Width of strip (mm) Structure of strip Structure of strip 0.7 0 7 0 5 O 5 1150 1150 1150 680 1000 12 12 < polycrystalline > amorphous WHAT WE CLAIM IS:1 Apparatus for making continuous metal strip from a melt comprising, in combination:

(a) a movable chill body providing a chill surface for deposition thereon of moltenmetal for solidification, means being provided for driving the chill body at a speed to provide longitudinal movement of said chill surface at a velocity of from 100 to 2000 metres per minute; and (b) a reservoir for holding molten metal, said reservoir including heating means for maintaining the temperature of the metal above its melting point, said reservoir being in communication with (c) a nozzle having an orifice slot for depositing molten metal onto said chill surface, located in close proximity to said chill surface, the orifice slot being arranged generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the chill surface, and being defined by a pair S S Cu+ 8 wt% Al Al+ 3 wt% Cu Pd 805 i 20 (atomic %) 7 1/2 1 1/2 1 592 257 of parallel lips, a first lip and a second lip numbered in direction of movement of the chill surface, wherein said slot has a width of from 0 3 to about 1 millimetre, measured in direction of movement of the chill surface, wherein said first lip has a width at least equal to the width of said slot, and said second lip has a width of from 1 5 to 3 times the width of said slot, wherein the gap between the lips and the chill surface is between 0 03 and 1 millimetre 5 and is from 0 1 to 1 times the width of said slot; (d) the apparatus being adapted to operate with means being provided for effecting expulsion of the molten metal contained in said reservoir through said nozzle for deposition onto the moving chill surface.

2 Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive means is operable to provide 10 longitudinal movement of the chill surface at a velocity of from 300 to 1, 500 metres per minute; wherein the first lip has a width of from 1 5 to 3 times the width of the slot; and wherein the second lip has a width of from 2 to 2 5 times the width of the slot.

3 Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the movable chill body is an annular chill roll, and wherein the gap between the first lip and the chill surface is smaller than the gap 15 between the second lip and the chill surface; wherein the driving means is operable to provide longitudinal movement of the chill surface of from 300 to 1,500 metres per minute; wherein the first lip has a width of from 1 5 to 3 times the width of the slot; and wherein the second lip has a width of from 2 to 2 5 times the width of the slot.

4 Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the chill roll is provided with cooling means 20 and wherein further means provided for directing a stream of inert gas against the chill surface before it reaches the nozzle in use of the apparatus.

Apparatus for making continuous metal strip from a melt, such apparatus being constructed and arranged to operate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings 25 J.A KEMP & CO, Chartered Patent Agents, 14, South Square, Gray's Inn, 30 London, WC 1 R 5 EU.

Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited, Croydon Surrey 1981.

Published by The Patent Office 25 Southampton Buildings, London WC 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained.