GB1585570A - Melting and casting apparatus - Google Patents
Melting and casting apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1585570A GB1585570A GB24321/77A GB2432177A GB1585570A GB 1585570 A GB1585570 A GB 1585570A GB 24321/77 A GB24321/77 A GB 24321/77A GB 2432177 A GB2432177 A GB 2432177A GB 1585570 A GB1585570 A GB 1585570A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- heating elements
- crucible
- melting
- sidewalls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
- F27B14/12—Covers therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
- F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B2014/0843—Lining or casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
- F27D2099/0008—Resistor heating
- F27D2099/0011—The resistor heats a radiant tube or surface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Description
PATENT SPECIFICATION ( 11) 1 585 570
( 21) Application No 24321/77 ( 22) Filed 10 Jun 1977 ( 19) Ii ( 31) Convention Application No 761661 ( 32) Filed 10 Jun 1976 in ( 33) Finland (FI)
Q ( 44) Complete Specification Published 4 Mar 1981
U ( 51) INT CL 3 F 27 B 14/06 ( 52) Index at Acceptance F 4 B 103 104 NC ( 54) MELTING AND CASTING APPARATUS ( 71) We MATTI JOHANNES SAARIVIRTA of 450 East Hewitt Avenue Marquette Michigan 49855 United States of America a Citizen of the United States of America and KALERVO JOHAN LAHTINEN a Citizen of Finland of Palokunnanpuistokatu 40.
SF-28130 PORI 13 Finland do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed to be 5 particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to melting and casting apparatus.
According to the present invention a melting and casting apparatus comprises a heating chamber having sidewalls, roof and bottom: a crucible mounted in said chamber: and heating elements mounted in said chamber in which the heating elements are silicon 10 carbide heating elements the sidewalls roof and bottom of the chamber are made of high temperature-resistant refractory material and a steel shell surrounding said heating chamber the chamber having lbetween said refractorv material and said shell at least a 50 mm thick laver of an insulating material with a thermal conductivity of O 05 to O 2 kcal/m h C the heating elements being located in said chamber between said sidewalls and said 15 crucible with no physical structure between said heating elements and said crucible so that efficient radiation of heat from said heating elements to said crucible is effected.
The invention may be performed in various W avs and one specific embodiment will now be described by wax of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:Figure 1 is a vertical section through a melting and casting apparatus: 20 Figure 2 is a schematic side elevation: and Figure 3 shows further parts in plan view.
Referring to the drawings the apparatus includes a steel shell 1 crucible supports 10, crucible 4 heating elements 5 heating chamber having sidewalls roof and bottom made of an insulating brick or castable refractory material 3 and at least 50 mm thick insulating 25 material 2 with a thermal conductivity of about O 1 kcal/m h 'C at 480 C between the shell and the refractory material The thermal conductivity should be from O ( 05 to ( O 2 kcal/m h C The shell 1 surrounds the heating chamber The melting and casting apparatus is heated by silicon carbide heating elements and preferably by spiral silicon carbide elements 5 equipped with thermally insulating terminal tubes 9 electrical connectors 11 and a 30 thermocouple 6.
The silicon carbide heating elements are horizontal in the heating chamber and have sufficient heating capacity and can be inserted either through one wall or opposite walls of the furnace and spaced properly to assure the optimum radiation of heat In addition the melting and casting apparatus is equipped with a protective steel guard 7 and an insulating 35 board S.
The heating elements are located in the chamber between the sidewalls and the crucible with no physical structure between the heating elements and the crucible giving efficient radiation from the elements to the crucible.
The melting and casting apparatus can be designed to be used either as a stationary, 40 tilting type continuous casting bottom pour or any other type suitable for melting and casting The silicon carbide electric heating elements used in the melting and casting apparatus may be for example such as produced under Registered Trade Mlark Globar bv Carborunduni Co Niagara Falls N 4 United States of America.
The chief advantages of the described arrangement are: 45 2 1 585 570 2 1 It retains its heating resulting in a great saving of energy For example, when certain copper-alloys were melted, consumption of energy was only 0 185 k Wh/kg of metal, whereas a conventional induction melting furnace required 0 405 k Wh/kg of metal, the ratio being over 2 to 1 in favour of the described furnace Similarly, when compared with an oil-fired furnace the latter burned 0 5 kg of oil/kg copper alloy; thus the cost of melting was 5 about five times as high as the cost of melting by the described furnace.
2 The furnace is considerably less expensive to construct than other conventional melting and casting furnaces such as induction melting furnace.
3 The furnace is very inexpensive to operate, because it has a great capacity to retain heat In addition, it wears out less crucibles and other parts of the furnace, because they are 10 not exposed to open flame.
4 It hinders oxidation of the molten metals, because the metal is not being motioned or stirred as it does in the induction type melting.
The operation of the furnace is noiseless and it does not contribute to pollution as do conventional furnaces operating by oil and gas 15 6 The furnace can be left on to idle at any desired temperatures with small added operational cost A considerable increase in production is thus obtained.
The melting and casting apparatus is constructed of an outer steel shell and an internal lining of high temperature thermally insulating brick or castable refractory material.
Between the steel shell and the refractory material there is at least 50 mm thick layer of 20 insulating material such as "Fiberfrax (R)" and/or "Triton kaowool (R)" or any other suitable material with thermal conductivity of about 0 1 kcal/m h O C at 480 'C The entire furnace lining can be also built of the aforesaid insulating materials alone In this case even greater savings in energy are obtained Thus, in order to achieve the energy saving characteristics heat losses through walls and bottom of the furnace should not exceed 0 121 25 kg cal/cm 2 Similarly, no greater losses are allowed through the top of the furnace Hence the loss of energy is limited to about 15 k Wh/h at 12000 C.
The thermally insulating material "Triton kaowool" used in the apparatus comprises:
A 1203 43 47 % by weight 30 Si O 2 50 54 % Fe 1 03 0 6 1 8 % Ti O, 1 O 3 5 % Mg O trace Ca O 0 1 1 0 % 35 Na 2 O 0 2 2 0 % The contents of "Fiberfrax" correspond to "Triton kaowool substantially in main components.
Apparatus according to the invention has been made and tried in a 10 kg laboratory 40 apparatus and also in a commercial size 300-500 kg unit.
Claims (4)
1 A melting and casting apparatus comprising a heating chamber having sidewalls, roof and bottom; a crucible mounted in said chamber; and heating elements mounted in said chamber, in which the heating elements are silicon carbide heating elements, the sidewalls, 45 roof and bottom of the chamber are made of high temperature-resistant refractory material, and a steel shell surrounding said heating chamber, the chamber having between said refractory material and said shell at least a 50 mm thick layer of an insulating material with a thermal conductivity of O 05 to O 2 kcal/m h O C, the heating elements being located in said chamber between said sidewalls and said crucible with no physical structure between said 50 heating elements and said crucible so that efficient radiation of heat from said heating elements to said crucible is effected.
2 An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 in which the thermal conductivity of the insulating material is from O 07 to O 15 kcal/m h O C, the loss of energy through sidewalls, roof and bottom being not more than O 121 kcal/cm 2 55
3 An apparatus as claimed in Claim I or Claim 2, in which the heating elements are horizontal in the heating chamber.
4 An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 or Claim 3 in which the heating elements are in spiral form.
1 585 570 3 1 585 570 3 A melting and casting apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Agents for the Applicants:
WILSON, GUNN & ELLIS, 5 Chartered Patent Agents, 41 Royal Exchange, Manchester M 2 7 DB.
Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited, Croydon, Surrey, 1981.
Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A IAY, from which copies may be obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI761661A FI52261C (en) | 1976-06-10 | 1976-06-10 | Melting and casting apparatus. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1585570A true GB1585570A (en) | 1981-03-04 |
Family
ID=8510062
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB24321/77A Expired GB1585570A (en) | 1976-06-10 | 1977-06-10 | Melting and casting apparatus |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4238635A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1142985A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE7718139U1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK253277A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI52261C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2354525A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1585570A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO147531C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE430535B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2441815A1 (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1980-06-13 | Mgr Sa Fours | Electric crucible furnace for melting metals - has hexagonal shape of furnace casing which provides ready access for workers using hand ladles |
| DE3005798A1 (en) * | 1980-02-13 | 1981-08-20 | W. Strikfeldt & Koch Gmbh, 5276 Wiehl | Electrically heated melting furnace for foundries - uses thermally insulating furnace body and lid which includes double layer of microporous silicic-acid-contg. material |
| DE3033738C2 (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1983-08-18 | Kopo Kone-Pohja Oy, Oulu | Device for creating and pouring melts from minerals or metals |
| DE3264209D1 (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1985-07-25 | Plume Ltd A W | Electrical resistance furnaces |
| US5981900A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1999-11-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of annealing silicon carbide for activation of ion-implanted dopants |
| CN113277862A (en) * | 2021-06-06 | 2021-08-20 | 邢连华 | Oval silicon carbide graphite crucible and preparation process |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191209203A (en) * | 1912-04-18 | 1913-03-13 | Leo Ubbelohde | Electric Resistance Furnace. |
| US1533265A (en) * | 1922-01-07 | 1925-04-14 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Electric crucible furnace |
| US1873801A (en) * | 1930-09-29 | 1932-08-23 | Lava Crucible Company | Crucible furnace |
| DE732787C (en) * | 1940-04-11 | 1943-03-11 | Aeg | Electric crucible melting furnace |
| GB934167A (en) * | 1961-04-21 | 1963-08-14 | Kanthal Ab | Improvements in or relating to crucible furnaces |
| BE625730A (en) * | 1961-12-18 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| GB1159829A (en) * | 1966-11-14 | 1969-07-30 | Heatlock Ltd | Electrical Resistance Furnaces |
| US3436524A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1969-04-01 | Research Inc | Heat energy receptor-radiator wall |
| US3700430A (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1972-10-24 | Knapsack Ag | Process for the manufacture of potassium |
| AT316161B (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1974-06-25 | Pletscher Geb | Furnace for melting or holding metals |
| GB1510305A (en) * | 1974-07-16 | 1978-05-10 | Shelley D | Kilns |
-
1976
- 1976-06-10 FI FI761661A patent/FI52261C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-06-08 DK DK253277A patent/DK253277A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-06-08 DE DE19777718139U patent/DE7718139U1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-08 DE DE19772725884 patent/DE2725884A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-06-09 CA CA000280214A patent/CA1142985A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-10 FR FR7717897A patent/FR2354525A1/en active Granted
- 1977-06-10 GB GB24321/77A patent/GB1585570A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-10 SE SE7706768A patent/SE430535B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-06-10 NO NO772024A patent/NO147531C/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-09-24 US US06/078,569 patent/US4238635A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI52261C (en) | 1977-07-11 |
| DE2725884A1 (en) | 1977-12-22 |
| NO147531B (en) | 1983-01-17 |
| CA1142985A (en) | 1983-03-15 |
| DK253277A (en) | 1977-12-11 |
| NO772024L (en) | 1977-12-13 |
| FR2354525B1 (en) | 1982-08-06 |
| FR2354525A1 (en) | 1978-01-06 |
| SE430535B (en) | 1983-11-21 |
| DE7718139U1 (en) | 1983-03-24 |
| SE7706768L (en) | 1977-12-11 |
| FI52261B (en) | 1977-03-31 |
| NO147531C (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| US4238635A (en) | 1980-12-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |