GB1572232A - Cooling element for a metallurgical furnace - Google Patents
Cooling element for a metallurgical furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1572232A GB1572232A GB15378/78A GB1537878A GB1572232A GB 1572232 A GB1572232 A GB 1572232A GB 15378/78 A GB15378/78 A GB 15378/78A GB 1537878 A GB1537878 A GB 1537878A GB 1572232 A GB1572232 A GB 1572232A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cast iron
- cooling element
- iron body
- cooling
- recesses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 69
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010011416 Croup infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0045—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a block, e.g. metallic
- F27D2009/0048—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a block, e.g. metallic incorporating conduits for the medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0051—Cooling of furnaces comprising use of studs to transfer heat or retain the liner
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Blast Furnaces (AREA)
Description
(54) COOLING ELEMENT FOR A METALLURGICAL
FURNACE
(71) We, THYSSEN AKTIENGESELL- SCHAFT, a Company organised according to the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany of 4100 Duisburg, Federal Republic of Germany, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to a cooling element for a metallurgical furnace with steel tubes which are integrally cast in a cast iron body and which are for conveying cooling means, an intermediate layer on the steel tubes and a refractory lining arranged on the furnace side of the front surface of the cast iron body.
It is known to use such cooling elements for metallurgical furnaces, in particular blast furnaces. With these known cooling elements the cast iron body of the cooling element is composed of cast iron with lamellar graphite. Cast iron with lamellar graphite has a good thermal conductivity and can moreover be cast at relatively low casting temperatures, e.g. 1210 to 12200C.
The good thermal conductivity is advantageous with respect to the cooling function and the low casting temperature is of advantage with respect to the durability of the steel tubes conveying the cooling means.
Namely, there is danger of the steel tubes carbonising when the cast iron body is being cast as the carbon diffuses out of the cast iron into the steel tubes. The tenacity of the steel is diminished due to the carbonising and therefore the steel tubes are susceptible to cracks. In order to avoid this susceptibility to cracking it has been proposed to apply a metallic layer such as aluminium or a metallic oxide layer onto the steel tubes.
The present invention works from the observation that the prior known cooling elements still have a restricted period of usage, where failures in particular occur if the brickwork situated in front of the cooling elements has been worn off, i.e. the blast furnace burden can directly attack the front side of the cooling elements. This burden is composed of coke, partly reduced ore and slag deposits. These constituents exert a combined thermo-mechanical stress on the cooling elements which is particularly expressed by an increased susceptibility of the cast iron body of the cooling element to cracking.A premature failure of prior known cooling elements is moreover due to stresses arising between the cast iron body and the refractory lining which according to the prior art is integrally cast into the front part of the cast iron body, said stresses being able to effect a premature dissolution of the refractory lining.
It would be desirable to develop a cooling element which has a longer service life and in particular which would overcome the problem of the susceptibility to cracking.
According to the present invention there is provided a cooling element for a metallurgical furnace having steel tubes which are integrally cast in a cast iron body for conveying cooling means, an intermediate layer on the steel tubes and a refractory lining arranged on the furnace side of the front surface of the cast iron body, the cast iron body being composed of low alloyed cast iron with nodular graphite which has a silicon content of at least 1.8%.
The silicon content preferably amounts to at least 21%. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment the nodular graphite cast iron body contains from 2.5% to 4.0% carbon, 2.1% to 5.3% silicon and magnesium and/or Cer as nodular graphite forming elements, the remainder being iron with the usual impurities. Within the specified ranges silicon contents of 2.2% to 3.5% and carbon contents of 2.7% to 3.8% are particularly preferred.
Cast iron with nodular graphite and higher silicon contents have been part of the prior art for decades (see for example "Technische
Mitteilungen" Krupp, 1955, pages 133 to 144). It is known that the cast iron with nodular graphite has a high abrasion resistance and a high constancy in growth.
These properties have led to numerous uses such as furnace doors, coke batteries and grids for sinter plants. However, the thermal conductivity of the cast iron with nodular graphite is considerably less than the thermal conductivity of cast iron with lamellar graphite. This particularly applies with the higher silicon contents as the thermal conductivity clearly worsens as the silicon content increases. Also, cast iron with nodular graphite must be cast at higher temperatures than cast iron with lamellar graphite. The specialists have not considered using cast iron with nodular graphite as material for cooling bodies possibly in view of these unfavourable properties for cooling elements. However, it has surprisingly been shown by the present applicants that cast iron with nodular graphite is particularly suited to resist the thermo-mechanical stress in blast furnaces.
The extended durability of the cooling elements is shown in particular when the nodular graphite cast iron body has recesses in its front surface running parallel to the wide side of the cooling element, said recesses being to receive the refractory lining, their cross section broadening out towards the inside of the cast iron body, whereby the refractory lining can be inserted into said recesses. For expedience, the refractory lining is composed of individual bricks, the cross-section of each individual brick corresponding to the cross-section of the recess. The refractory lining should preferably terminate substantially flush with the plane of the front surface of the cast iron body, whereby of the front surface on the furnace side 30% to 70% is provided by the refractory lining and 70% to 30% by the cast iron body.The cross-sectional expansion of the recess can occur step by step, e.g. in the simplest way in the form of a "T". A continuous expansion is preferred so that the cross-section is said to be conical. A conical form of between 2% and 10%, in particular between 4% and 7% is considered particularly expedient. In order to insert the refractory bricks the bricks should be slihtly short measure in relation to the recess.Thus, a short measurement (gap width between brick and recess) of 1 to 3.5 mm is considered particularly expedient
The essential advantage of the cast iron body with the recesses expanding in crosssection is that the higher casting temperature necessary for cast iron with nodular graphite cannot exert any disadvantageous influences on the anchoring of the refractory lining as the refractory lining is merely inserted into the recesses of the solidified cold cast iron body. In the case of such an inserted refractory lining the nodular graphite cast iron body has great advantages due to its constancy in growth as the deflection produced with increasing temperature is less with a nodular graphite cast iron body than with a lamellar graphite cast iron body.
A greater deflection could however cause the refractory layer to dissolve. This danger is much less in the case of the present cooling element as cast iron with nodular graphite has a greater constancy in growth and the cross-section of the recess expanding towards the inside ensures a better hold for the inserted refractory lining.
The improved durability of a cooling element within the invention is particularly shown when a good transfer of heat is provided for between the cast iron body and the cooling means. This good transfer of heat is particularly provided when the intermediate layer need only be thin due to a multi-layered structure. Even with the higher casting temperatures of the cast iron with nodular graphite the thinness of the layer is possible if a multi-layered intermediate layer is provided which is composed at the steel tube side of one of the metals nickel, cobalt or silver either singly or combined and at the cast iron body side of a stable metal oxide. For expedience the metallic layer is applied at a thickness of 40 to 100 microns, the metal oxide layer at a thickness of 30 to 100 microns. The advantage of the metallic layer is that these metals protect the steel tube from carbonisation.The metal oxide layer prevents damage from being caused to the metallic layer during casting. Highly stable metal oxides are preferred for the metal oxide layer, in particular metal oxides which have a free standard enthalpy of formation of less than -180 kcal under normal pressure conditions and at a temperature of 600 C. The highly stable oxides of the metals Al, Ti, Zr, for example, belong to this group. Cooling elemcnts having such intermediate metal and metal oxide layers are described and claimed in our copending application no. 15377/78
Serial No. 1 572231 of the same date.
Besides the essential alloy elements carbon, silicon and the nodular graphite forming elements magnesium and/or Cer, the cast iron body can contain further alloy elements which have an advantageous effert on the aimed properties of the cooling element. Namely, it- has been- shown that a high proportion of ferrite in the cast iron body results in the steel tube and the cast iron showing substantially the same thermal expansion behaviour. This is essential for the desired small gap width between the steel tube and the cast iron body. Thus, the proportion of ferrite should preferably amount to more than 80%, in particular more than 90%. These proportions of ferrite should be present in the structure of the cooling element when in the cast state.In this case a molybdenum content of up to 3.0%, in particular from 0.5% to 1.5% has proved expedient. Molybdenum has a ferritising effect. The high proportion of ferrite also has a positive effect on the expansion values. The higher expansion values are jointly responsible for the reduced susceptibility to cracking. The manganese content of the cast iron alloy should if possible not exceed 0.8%. Contents of less than 0.50Ó manganese are preferred, as such small proportions have favourable effects on the structure.
In brief, it is to be ascertained that the whole combination produces a cooling element which is particularly suited to process heat flux flowing onto the cooling element.
The improved constancy in growth of the nodular graphite cast iron body and the arrangement of the refractory bricks in recesses contributes substantially hereto. The service life of the cooling elements is considerably extended as the inserted bricks are able to practice their function longer and thus the parts of the cast iron body between the bricks and projecting towards the furnace are able to practise their cooling function for a longer period.
Particular embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a cooling element in cross-section;
Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the cooling element in cross-section; and
Fig. 3 shows a detail of Figs. 1 and 2 on an enlarged scale.
A cooling element, which as a whole is given the reference 1, is composed of a cast iron body 2 and integrally cast steel tubes 3, of which only one of each is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Viewed from the front surface 5 on the furnace side such cooling elements 1 have, for example, a rectangular cross-section (top view onto the front surface 5 is not shown in the figures).
The cross-section through the cooling element as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 shows one of the steel tubes 3 curved in the shape of a "U". An inlet and outlet of the steel tube 3 project out of the cast iron body 2. The cast iron body 2 has recesses 4 in its front surface 5 on the furnace side. According to the embodiment of Fig. 1 these recesses 4 have a rectangular cross-section. According to the alternative embodiment of Fig. 2 the recesses have a cross-section with a dovetailed spatial shape which expands conically towards the inside of the cooling element 1.
Fig. 2 shows that the refractory lining, which as a whole has the reference 6, is arranged in the recesses 4. This refractory lining is composed of several individual bricks 7, one of which can be seen in crosssection in Fig. 2. An individual brick 7 has a slightly short measurement (e.g. 2 mm gap width) in relation to the dimensions of the recess 4. A chemically binding mortar 8 is arranged between the individual brick 7 and the recess 4. The distance from the front surface 5 of the cooling element 1 on the furnace side to the steel tube 3 has been given the reference 9. In relation to this distance the depth of the recess 4 amounts to 1/3 to 2/3 of the distance. A measurement of 45% to 55% of the distance 9 is particularly preferred.
The enlarged section in Fig. 3 shows the structure of the two-layered intermediate layer 10 between the steel tube 3 and the cast iron body 2. The intermediate layer 10 is composed of a first layer 11 of nickel and a second layer of Al203 positioned thereon. This two-layered structure guarantees a very thin intermediate layer 10, whereby only the layer 12, which can for example only be 50 microns, in thickness, is responsible for an inferior thermal conductivity.
Consequently a good cooling effect overall is achieved.
The cast iron body 2 of both embodiments has composed of nodular graphite cast iron and had the following analysis: 2.8% carbon; 2.5% silicon; 0.19% manganese; 0.064% magnesium; 0.014% phosphorous; 0.004% sulphur, the remainder being iron.
The tensile strength amounted to 404
N/mm2 and the expansion 85 = 10%.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A cooling element for a metallurgical furnace having steel tubes which are integrally cast in a cast iron body for conveying cooling means, an intermediate layer on the steel tubes and a refractory lining arranged on the furnace side of the front surface of the cast iron body, the cast iron body being composed of low alloyed cast iron with nodular graphite which has a silicon content of at least 1.8%.
2. A cooling element according to claim 1 wherein the cast iron body is composed of cast iron with nodular graphite which contains 2.5% to 4.0% carbon, 2.1% to 5.3% silicon and magnesium and/or Cer as nodular graphite forming elements.
3. A cooling element according to claim 1 or claim 2 which contains molybdenum in an amount up to 3.0%.
4. A cooling element according to any one of the preceding claims which has a
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (9)
1. A cooling element for a metallurgical furnace having steel tubes which are integrally cast in a cast iron body for conveying cooling means, an intermediate layer on the steel tubes and a refractory lining arranged on the furnace side of the front surface of the cast iron body, the cast iron body being composed of low alloyed cast iron with nodular graphite which has a silicon content of at least 1.8%.
2. A cooling element according to claim 1 wherein the cast iron body is composed of cast iron with nodular graphite which contains 2.5% to 4.0% carbon, 2.1% to 5.3% silicon and magnesium and/or Cer as nodular graphite forming elements.
3. A cooling element according to claim 1 or claim 2 which contains molybdenum in an amount up to 3.0%.
4. A cooling element according to any one of the preceding claims which has a
manganese content of less than 0.5%.
5. A cooling element according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the nodular graphite cast iron body has recesses in its front surface running parallel to the wide side of said cooling element, said recesses being to accommodate the refractory lining, their cross-section broadening out towards the inside of the cast iron body whereby said refractory lining can be held in the recesses.
6. A cooling element according to claim 5 wherein each recess widens in a dovetailed manner.
7. A cooling element according to any one of the preceding claims wherein a multilayered intermediate layer is arranged between the nodular graphite cast iron body and the steel tube, the intermediate layer being composed nearer the steel tube of one of the metals nickel, cobalt or silver either singly or combined and nearer the cast iron body of a stable metal oxide.
8. A cooling element substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 or Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A metallurgical furnace provided with cooling elements as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2719165A DE2719165C2 (en) | 1977-04-29 | 1977-04-29 | Cooling element for a metallurgical furnace |
| DE19772719166 DE2719166C3 (en) | 1977-04-29 | 1977-04-29 | Cooling element for a metallurgical furnace |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1572232A true GB1572232A (en) | 1980-07-30 |
Family
ID=25771942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15378/78A Expired GB1572232A (en) | 1977-04-29 | 1978-04-19 | Cooling element for a metallurgical furnace |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2389088A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1572232A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1094724B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU79470A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7804072A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2804544C3 (en) * | 1978-02-03 | 1981-05-07 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen | Cooling plate for a metallurgical furnace, in particular a blast furnace |
| JPS5849607B2 (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1983-11-05 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | Cooling stave with non-fused double cooling pipes |
| ZA811971B (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-04-28 | Avco Everett Res Lab Inc | Gasifier |
| FR2552105B1 (en) * | 1983-09-21 | 1988-10-28 | Usinor | IMPROVEMENT IN COOLING PLATES FOR BLAST FURNACES |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR850329A (en) * | 1938-02-15 | 1939-12-14 | Brassert & Co | Cooling tank for shaft furnaces, in particular for blast furnaces |
| US3843106A (en) * | 1972-04-28 | 1974-10-22 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Furnace |
| PL95965B1 (en) * | 1974-11-26 | 1977-11-30 | THE COOLER, ESPECIALLY BLOCK FURNACE | |
| JPS5250904A (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1977-04-23 | Kubota Ltd | Stave coolr for melting furnace |
-
1978
- 1978-04-17 NL NL7804072A patent/NL7804072A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-04-19 LU LU79470A patent/LU79470A1/en unknown
- 1978-04-19 GB GB15378/78A patent/GB1572232A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-21 IT IT22593/78A patent/IT1094724B/en active
- 1978-04-21 FR FR7811931A patent/FR2389088A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7822593A0 (en) | 1978-04-21 |
| LU79470A1 (en) | 1978-09-29 |
| FR2389088A1 (en) | 1978-11-24 |
| NL7804072A (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| IT1094724B (en) | 1985-08-02 |
| FR2389088B1 (en) | 1983-10-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |