GB1356276A - Electrical heating elements - Google Patents
Electrical heating elementsInfo
- Publication number
- GB1356276A GB1356276A GB3644971A GB3644971A GB1356276A GB 1356276 A GB1356276 A GB 1356276A GB 3644971 A GB3644971 A GB 3644971A GB 3644971 A GB3644971 A GB 3644971A GB 1356276 A GB1356276 A GB 1356276A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- coating
- film
- elastomer
- assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- DVMSVWIURPPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trifluoroprop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(F)=C(F)F DVMSVWIURPPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
- F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/206—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/12—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2379/00—Other polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain
- B32B2379/08—Polyimides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Abstract
1356276 Electrically heatable laminate E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO 3 Aug 1971 [3 Aug 1970 15 July 1971] 36449/71 Heading B5N [Also in Divisions B2 and H5] A laminated structure useful for use as an electrical heating element comprises: (1) a layer of fluorocarbon elastomer having electrically conductive carbon dispersed therein, the layer having a specific resistivity of 0-1 to 10 ohm centimetres, (2) a film of an electrically insulating polymeric material adhered to layer (1), and (3) a conductor means in attached contact with layer (1) for electrically connecting the structure to an electrical power supply. In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer layer is sandwiched between two films. The structure may be made by superimposing the layer and film and pressing the resultant assembly at a pressure of at least 10 p.s.i. while the assembly is at a temperature in the range from 50 C. to the highest temperature which will not damage any component of the assembly until the elastomeric layer has the desired specific resistivity in the range 0À1 to 10 ohm centimetres and the desired adhesion to the insulating film, the conductor means being added either to the assembly prior to pressing or to the laminate after pressing. In a preferred embodiment, a solution or dispersion of the elastomer is applied, e.g. by roller-coating, spray-coating, extrusion, knife-coating or silk-screen printing to one or both of the insulating films to form all or part of the conductive elastomeric layer. The insu. lating film may be a polyester, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate, a polyimide, polyvinyl fluoride, polyethylene or polypropylene and may be attached to a fibrous sheet material, e.g. a fabric. The fluorocarbon elastomer may be a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, a mixture of hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, dichloro difluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, a fluorinated vinyl ester, a perfluoroacrylic acid derivative or a fluorinated alkyl vinyl ether, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinyl ether, or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a perfluoroalkyl perfluoror vinyl ether. The conductive carbon black is preferably acetylene black or a furnace black. The conductors may be of copper, brass or aluminium. The heating element shown in the drawing comprises insulating films 1 and 2 of polyethylene terephthalate sealed together at edge 4<SP>1</SP>, elastomeric layer 3, conductor means 5 of copper strip and heat reflective coating 6, e.g. of aluminium paint.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US6055170A | 1970-08-03 | 1970-08-03 | |
US16287071A | 1971-07-15 | 1971-07-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1356276A true GB1356276A (en) | 1974-06-12 |
Family
ID=26740045
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB3644971A Expired GB1356276A (en) | 1970-08-03 | 1971-08-03 | Electrical heating elements |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5221213B1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE770820A (en) |
CA (1) | CA949637A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2138580C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2101194B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1356276A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7110660A (en) |
NO (1) | NO131487C (en) |
SE (1) | SE376140B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2196818A (en) * | 1986-10-13 | 1988-05-05 | Herush Electrical | Heating pad |
GB2336514A (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-20 | Gorix Ltd | Heating pads for garments |
EP2280228A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2011-02-02 | Inca Heating Products | Active wall element, a wall heating system comprising such element, and a method of manufacturing a building |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2154555A1 (en) * | 1971-11-03 | 1973-05-10 | Holger Dr Phil Lueder | ELECTRICALLY HEATABLE INSULATION PANEL, IN PARTICULAR FOR LOW TEMPERATURE LARGE AREA HEATING OF ROOMS |
US3861029A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1975-01-21 | Raychem Corp | Method of making heater cable |
FR2199172B1 (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1977-09-02 | Raychem Corp | |
US4032751A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1977-06-28 | Universal Oil Products Company | Radiant heating panel |
US5494610A (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1996-02-27 | Lovell; Walter C. | Apparatus and method for providing medium temperature conductive-resistant articles |
DE29616246U1 (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1997-01-16 | Kaufer, Stefan, 89269 Vöhringen | Arrangement for heating medication in transport containers |
US9573438B2 (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2017-02-21 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymer thick film positive temperature coefficient carbon composition |
IT201700048690A1 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-05 | Eltek Spa | ELECTRIC HEATER DEVICE, PARTICULARLY A PTC EFFECT |
IT201700048641A1 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-05 | Eltek Spa | ELECTRIC HEATER DEVICE, PARTICULARLY WITH PTC EFFECT |
-
1971
- 1971-07-26 CA CA119,139A patent/CA949637A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-08-02 BE BE770820A patent/BE770820A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-08-02 DE DE2138580A patent/DE2138580C3/en not_active Expired
- 1971-08-02 FR FR7128243A patent/FR2101194B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-08-02 NL NL7110660A patent/NL7110660A/xx unknown
- 1971-08-02 JP JP46057581A patent/JPS5221213B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-08-02 NO NO712896A patent/NO131487C/no unknown
- 1971-08-02 SE SE7109865A patent/SE376140B/xx unknown
- 1971-08-03 GB GB3644971A patent/GB1356276A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2196818A (en) * | 1986-10-13 | 1988-05-05 | Herush Electrical | Heating pad |
GB2196818B (en) * | 1986-10-13 | 1990-03-28 | Herush Electrical | Electrical heaters |
GB2336514A (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-20 | Gorix Ltd | Heating pads for garments |
GB2336514B (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2002-07-10 | Gorix Ltd | Heating pads for garments |
EP2280228A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2011-02-02 | Inca Heating Products | Active wall element, a wall heating system comprising such element, and a method of manufacturing a building |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2138580A1 (en) | 1972-02-10 |
FR2101194A1 (en) | 1972-03-31 |
DE2138580B2 (en) | 1979-08-30 |
BE770820A (en) | 1971-12-16 |
CA949637A (en) | 1974-06-18 |
NO131487C (en) | 1975-06-04 |
FR2101194B1 (en) | 1975-04-18 |
NO131487B (en) | 1975-02-24 |
DE2138580C3 (en) | 1980-05-14 |
SE376140B (en) | 1975-05-05 |
NL7110660A (en) | 1972-02-07 |
JPS5221213B1 (en) | 1977-06-09 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |