FR3125870A1 - VENTILATION SYSTEM, ROOM, CONFINED SPACE AND BUILDING EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A SYSTEM, AND RELATED METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

- Ventilation system, room, confined space and building equipped with such a system, and related process. - The invention relates to a ventilation system for a room or a confined space comprising:- a blowing device for blowing a gas into said room or said confined space, and- a suction device for sucking the gas contained in said room or said confined space, the suction device comprising suction mouths distributed one below the other in a vertical direction, which comprise a high suction mouth, a low suction mouth and mouths intermediate suction outlets located between said high and low vents, the distance between said high and low vents being greater than half the ceiling height of said room or said confined space. - Ventilation of closed volumes, air treatment, destratification, air conditioning and heating of rooms. - Figure for abstract: Figure 3

Description

VENTILATION SYSTEM, ROOM, CONFINED SPACE AND BUILDING EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A SYSTEM, AND RELATED METHOD

The present invention relates to the general technical field of ventilation systems, in particular inside buildings, and more particularly systems allowing the controlled ventilation of a confined space or a room, in order for example to destratify, homogenize, renewing, filtering or treating the air that said space or room contains.

The present invention relates more particularly to a ventilation system for a room or a confined space provided with a ceiling, said ventilation system comprising at least:
- a blowing device designed to blow a gas into said room or said confined space, and
- a suction device designed to suck the gas contained in said room or said confined space.

It is already known to use ventilation systems, in particular in commercial and public buildings, for example hospitals. These systems can have separate or complementary functions, such as air conditioning or heating in a commercial building, or air renewal in an operating room of a hospital or clinic. There are thus known operating theater ventilation systems which are specifically designed to blow in air via a blower outlet placed on the ceiling, and to extract the air from the room via suction outlets integrated into vertical walls, near of the ground. This particular configuration makes it possible to blow “ clean ” air directly onto the operating table, while drawing most of the air pollutants close to the ground, where they are then evacuated by suction.

This known configuration, dedicated to particularly demanding cases, is however not optimal.

Indeed, this known configuration does not allow a complete and rapid renewal of the air contained in the room, and leaves many " dead zones " e s , that is to say areas of the room in which the air is not or very little renewed, in particular the areas away from the blowing and suction vents, as well as the areas protected from air movements, such as those located under a piece of furniture (table of operation, lighting halo, etc.). In addition, these known ventilation systems do not make it possible to homogenize the air contained in the room, the air remaining distributed in several layers, according to a temperature and/or hygrometry gradient for example, in a substantial portion of the room. This known configuration of ventilation systems also presents the risk of dropping contaminated elements (saliva drops from nursing staff, suspended elements, contaminants, dust, etc.) on the body of the patient placed on an operating table in the room. Known ventilation systems are also often unpleasant for people who are just below or close to the air distribution system supplying the room. Finally, the manufacture and installation of these known ventilation systems must deal with significant constraints that are often costly, the integration of the ventilation elements in the ceiling and in the walls generally having to be planned from the construction of the building housing the room. to ventilate.

Mobile air treatment systems are also known, intended to be installed in the room to be treated. Even if these nomadic systems can locally present an acceptable level of performance for cooling the air or treating it against viruses, they are however not suitable for treating the entire volume of air contained in the room, so that there remain “dead” volumes, untreated.

The objects assigned to the present invention therefore aim to remedy the various drawbacks listed above and to propose a new ventilation system whose design makes it possible to renew the air, and more generally the gas, contained in a room or a confined space, quickly and optimally, that is to say in the most complete way possible by limiting or even eliminating dead zones, while being of simple, robust design and easily adaptable to the various air treatment systems, and more generally gas.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new ventilation system that is easy and quick to manufacture.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new ventilation system which makes it possible to easily extract all or almost all of the gas contained in a room or a confined space in order to renew it, and in particular to treat it in order to then reintroduce it. or not in whole or in part in the said room or expel him outside.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new ventilation system whose design makes it possible to obtain an excellent compromise between its overall cost and its ability to treat all or almost all of the volume of air, and more generally gas, contained in a confined space.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new, particularly compact ventilation system.

Another object of the invention aims to propose a new ventilation system whose installation in a room or a confined space for the ventilation is achievable in a particularly simple, easy and economical way.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new ventilation system which is particularly simple to integrate into a room or a confined space to be ventilated from a point of view that is both practical and aesthetic.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new ventilation system whose design allows it to be universally adapted to different types of rooms or confined spaces, or more generally to different types of fixed closed volumes (dwellings , hospitals, supermarkets, cisterns, cold rooms for example) or mobile (trains or planes for example), to be ventilated.

Another object of the invention aims to propose a new ventilation system which has a modular character, and whose principle makes it possible to treat the air or more generally the gas of a room or a confined space without limit of dimensions. , or more generally closed volumes without dimensional limits.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new ventilation system of a universal nature which can perform various functions related to ventilation, and in particular the extraction, distribution, destratification, homogenization, of air or gas in a room in order to manage the heating, cooling, deodorization, depollution or disinfection of the air or gas in question.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new ventilated room or a new confined space capable of renewing the air, and more generally the gas, that it contains, quickly and optimally, that is to say as completely as possible leaving very few, if any, dead zones.

Another object of the invention aims to provide a new ventilation method that is inexpensive, simple and easy to implement, while presenting optimized air renewal efficiency.

The objects assigned to the invention are achieved with the aid of a ventilation system for a room or a confined space provided with a ceiling, said ventilation system comprising at least:
- a blowing device designed to blow a gas into said room or said confined space, and
- a suction device designed to suck the gas contained in said room or said confined space,

characterized in that the suction device comprises a plurality of suction mouths distributed one below the other in a substantially vertical direction, said suction mouths comprising at least one high suction mouth and one low suction mouth, as well as intermediate suction vents located between said high and low suction mouths, the distance between said high and low suction mouths being greater than at least half the ceiling height of said room or said confined space.

The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved with the aid of a ventilated room or confined space comprising at least one ceiling, said room or said confined space being equipped with a ventilation as previously described.

The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a building or a mobile structure comprising at least one room or a confined ventilated space as mentioned above.

The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a method for ventilating a room or a confined space provided with a ceiling, the method comprising at least:
- a step of blowing a gas into said room or said confined space, and
- a stage of suction of the gas contained in said room or said confined space,

characterized in that the suction step is carried out via a plurality of suction mouths distributed one below the other in a substantially vertical direction, said suction mouths comprising at least one high suction mouth and one low suction mouth, as well as intermediate suction mouths located between said high and low suction mouths, the distance between said high and low suction mouths being greater than at least half the height under the ceiling of said room or said confined space.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear and emerge in more detail on reading the following description, with reference to the appended drawings, given purely by way of illustration and not limitation, among which:

illustrates, in a schematic side view, a first embodiment of a ventilation system according to the invention, installed in a room.

illustrates, in a schematic top view, the ventilation system of the .

illustrates, in a schematic side view, a second embodiment of a ventilation system according to the invention, installed in a room.

illustrates, in a schematic top view, a detail of a blowing device according to a third embodiment of the invention.

illustrates, in a schematic top view, a detail of a blowing device according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

illustrates, according to a schematic top view, a fifth embodiment of a ventilation system according to the invention, installed in a large room, for example a supermarket, to ensure the treatment of the air, and putting in implements a plurality of suction/blowing modules (" doublets ") distributed evenly in the room in question for each to suck and blow air over 360°.

illustrates, in a schematic top view, a sixth embodiment of a ventilation system according to the invention, installed in an operating room.

illustrates, in a schematic side view, the ventilation system of the .

illustrates, in a schematic top view, a seventh embodiment of a ventilation system according to the invention, installed in a room.

illustrates, in a schematic top view, an eighth embodiment of a ventilation system according to the invention, installed in a room.

illustrates, in a schematic side view, a ninth embodiment of a ventilation system according to the invention, installed in a performance hall with seats arranged in tiers.

illustrates, according to a schematic view from above, the auditorium of the .

illustrates, according to schematic side views, in cross section, and in longitudinal section, a train wagon equipped with a ventilation device according to the invention.

As illustrated in the figures, the invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a ventilation system 1 of a room 2 or of a confined space provided with a ceiling 3. Of course, said room 2 or said space confined advantageously comprises several side walls 4, preferably vertical, said side walls 4 being for example four in number. Said room 2 or said confined space furthermore advantageously comprises a floor 5. Said side walls 4, said floor 5 and said ceiling 3 preferentially delimit said room 2 or said confined space and more precisely the interior space of the latter or of the latter. . Preferably, room 2 or said confined space further comprises corners 6 separating said side walls 4. Said room 2 or said confined space may consist of any enclosed or closed volume within a building or an immobile or mobile structure, such as a vehicle (train or plane for example). Said room 2 can be intended to accommodate individuals (staff, customers, etc.) and/or animals, as well as computer installations, for example (servers in particular), or even can be intended for the storage of products (foodstuffs, raw materials, processed products, etc.). Said confined space can be constituted by any closed or closed volume, within a mobile or immobile structure, which volume is generally not intended to accommodate personnel for a prolonged period, such as a tank, a storage place, a tank, a warehouse (the definition of a confined space may in some cases overlap with that of a room), a vault, a ship's hold, a silo, a tunnel, etc. Said room 2 or said confined space may also have a variable ceiling height as in the case of a theater or cinema in an amphitheater (figures 11 and 12). Said ventilation system 1 is therefore preferably intended to equip said room 2 or said confined space to ventilate the latter or the latter. More generally, said room 2 or said confined space can be formed by any closed volume to be ventilated, said closed volume possibly being partially or completely closed.

Thus, the invention further relates, according to a second aspect, to a ventilated room or confined space 2 comprising at least one ceiling 3, said room 2 or said confined space being equipped with a ventilation system 1 as described above and below.

The invention also relates, according to a third aspect, to a building or a mobile structure (for example a vehicle, such as a road or rail vehicle, a ship or an aircraft) comprising at least one ventilated room or confined space ) 2 as described above and below.

According to the invention, the ventilation system 1 comprises at least one blowing device 7 designed to blow a gas into said room 2 or said confined space, that is to say that the blowing device 7 forms a distribution device gas. The ventilation system 1 also comprises a suction device 8 designed to suck the gas contained in said room 2 or said confined space, that is to say that the suction device 8 forms a gas extraction device . Thus, the ventilation system 1 advantageously forms a gas extraction and distribution system.

The gas is in particular air, i.e. a mixture comprising mainly nitrogen and oxygen (as well as carbon dioxide, argon etc. in smaller quantities), but it can also comprise, or be formed by, steam, for example steam. The gas can however be made up of other components, and for example the gas mainly comprises oxygen, or else mainly one or more carbon oxides, or any gaseous compound in particular at room temperature (between 10 and 30°C for example) . The gas is advantageously mainly present in a free space of said room 2 or of said confined space, that is to say the space delimited by said side walls 4, floor 5 and ceiling 3 and not by other walls or partitions. Arrows that do not refer to any number in the figures generally represent localized airflow.

The ventilation system 1 is advantageously designed to renew the gas, and in particular the air, within a room 2 or a confined space, that is to say on the one hand to extract the gas already present within said room 2 or said confined space outside the latter or the latter (or at least outside the free space of the latter or the latter), by means of the suction device 8, and on the other hand introduce (" new ") gas passed through the ventilation system 1, by means of the blower device 7. Advantageously, said " new " gas has been treated by said ventilation system 1 (for example by a treatment device included in said system 1) and/or comes from outside room 2 or from the confined space, so that it is formed of outside gas and/or treated gas, it being understood that in all cases said new gas passes by said ventilation system 1.

Said blowing and suction devices 7, 8 are preferably designed to operate continuously, the gas successively passing through the blowing device 7, the room 2 or the confined space, the suction device 8, and then possibly the outside the room 2 (or the confined space) and/or again the blowing device 7, as will be seen below. Said blowing device 7 is therefore preferably designed to blow gas into room 2 or the confined space, while said suction device 8 is advantageously designed to draw gas from said room 2 or said confined space.

According to the invention, the suction device 8 comprises a plurality of suction mouths 9, 10, 11. Preferably, the blowing device 7 comprises a plurality of blowing mouths 12, 13, 14. The term " mouth " must be taken here in its broadest sense, so that it can designate all kinds of openings, orifices, pores or others, regardless of their dimensions and configuration. Each of said openings 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 can thus be formed, for example, by one or more orifice(s) or opening(s), in the form, for example, of perforations made through a sheet, or by the through pores of a wall made of rigid, flexible or flaccid porous material, or even by the interstices existing between the threads or fibers of a woven or non-woven, textile or metallic material, for example a textile fabric, a metallic fabric or a combination of textile and metallic fabrics.

Said suction mouths 9, 10, 11 are distributed, for example in layers, one below the other, in a substantially vertical direction (materialized by the Z axis in Figures 1 to 3 and 11). In a particular embodiment, the suction mouths 9, 10, 11 are positioned, preferably in layers one below the other, in a substantially vertical direction, and form for example one or more row(s) of suction mouths 9, 10, 11 substantially vertical (s), that is to say without significant offset in the horizontal plane of the suction mouths 9, 10, 11 relative to each other, this offset does not for example not exceeding a few cm, preferably not exceeding 10 cm, more preferably not exceeding 5 cm, more preferably still not exceeding 3 cm. Said suction mouths 9, 10, 11 are therefore advantageously designed and distributed to suck the gas from room 2 or from the confined space.

Still according to the invention, said suction mouths 9, 10, 11 comprise at least one high suction mouth 9 and one low suction mouth 10, as well as intermediate suction mouths 11 located between said suction mouths. high 9 and low 10 suction. The intermediate suction mouths 12 are, according to a particular embodiment, distributed in a substantially regular manner, in particular in the vertical direction and/or in the horizontal plane. It is of course possible that certain suction mouths 9, 10, 11 are at the same height (that is to say in the same horizontal plane), but there are preferably necessarily suction mouths 9, 10, 11 distributed vertically one above the other, with a gap relative to each other in the horizontal plane preferably less than 10 cm, more preferably less than 5 cm, more preferably still less than 3 cm, more preferably still substantially zero. Examples of horizontal planes are materialized in Figures 1, 2 and 12 by the X and Y axes (which are therefore advantageously substantially perpendicular to the Z axis).

According to the invention, the distance between said high 9 and low 10 suction vents is greater than at least half the height under the ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space. Said ceiling height is measured locally, that is to say at the location where said suction device 8 is located. Advantageously, the distance between said high 9 and low 10 suction vents is greater than 80%, preferably is greater than 90% of the height under ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space, and more preferably is almost equal to or equal to the height under ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space. The height under the ceiling 3 is preferably the distance, measured vertically, between the floor 5 and the ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space. Thus, the ventilation system 1 of the invention advantageously makes it possible to ventilate, that is to say to renew, all the layers of gas present within the room 2 or the confined space. For example, the air within a room tends to stratify into different layers of different temperatures and different densities, with the lowest density and warmest layers above (e.g. at 30°C ) near the ceiling 3, and the highest density and coldest layers below (for example at 17° C.) near the floor 5, with a temperature gradient between these two extreme layers.

Preferably, the density and/or the size (of several of the) suction outlets 9, 10, 11 (among) closest to the ceiling 3 and/or the floor 5 is greater than that of the other outlets. suction 9, 10, 11. In other words, the suction device 8 is preferably designed to have a greater suction capacity near the floor 5 and/or near the ceiling 3. Such a configuration, illustrated in particular at there , makes it possible to renew more quickly and more completely the extreme strata of gas which tend to stagnate, and which are usually more difficult, even impossible to ventilate and/or renew. Indeed, the central layers (in terms of altitude, height) of room 2 or confined space usually tend to be renewed more quickly, because they have an average density/temperature. Thus, the " new " gas (that is to say the outside and/or treated gas) introduced into the room or the confined space from the ventilation system 1 will usually be positioned in the middle of the layers of gas, at mid-height of room 2 or confined space, before this "middle" layer extends and occupies all of room 2 or confined space. This is achieved more easily with the ventilation system 1 of the invention which acts on all the layers, and this is improved by increasing the density and/or the size of the blowing vents 12, 13, 14 and/or suction mouth 9, 10, 11 close to the ceiling 3 and/or the floor 5. According to a particular embodiment, in combination with the above or independently, the density and/or the size (of several of the ) of the blowing vents 12, 13, 14 (among) closest to the ceiling 3 and/or the floor 5 is greater than that of the other blowing vents 12, 13, 14. Thus, the blowing device 7 can be designed to present a greater blowing capacity near the floor 5 and/or near the ceiling 3.

According to a particular embodiment, said suction device 8 has a substantially elongated shape and is designed to be placed, in operation, substantially vertically (materialized by the Z axis in the figures, in particular Figures 1 to 3 and 11). According to this particular embodiment illustrated in the figures, said suction device 8 thus advantageously forms a suction column intended to be positioned substantially vertically and to occupy room 2 or the confined space over a substantial portion of its height. , and preferably said suction column has the same size (within 5% for example) as the ceiling height 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space.

According to a particular embodiment, and as mentioned above, the blowing device 7 comprises a plurality of blowing mouths 12, 13, 14, said blowing mouths 12, 13, 14 comprising at least one high blowing mouth 12 and a lower blower outlet 13, as well as intermediate blower outlets 14 located between said upper 12 and lower 13 blower outlets. The intermediate blower outlets 14 are, according to a particular embodiment, distributed in a substantially regular manner, in particular according to the vertical direction and/or in the horizontal plane. It is of course possible that certain blowing vents 12, 13, 14 are at the same height (that is to say in the same horizontal plane), but there are necessarily preferably blowing vents 12, 13, 14 distributed vertically one above the other, with a deviation from each other in the horizontal plane preferably less than 10 cm, more preferably less than 5 cm, more preferably still less than 3 cm, more preferably still substantially nil.

Advantageously, the distance between said upper 12 and lower 13 air vents is greater than at least half the height under the ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space. Said height under the ceiling is measured locally, that is to say at the place where said blowing device 7 is arranged. is greater than 90% of the height under ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space, and more preferably is almost equal to or equal to the height under ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space.

Preferably, said blower device 7 has a substantially elongated shape and is designed to be placed, in operation, substantially vertically. According to this particular embodiment, said blowing device 7 thus advantageously forms a blowing column intended to be positioned substantially vertically and to occupy room 2 or the confined space over a substantial portion of its height, and preferably said blowing column has the same size (within 5% for example) as the height under ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space.

Advantageously, the suction device 8 comprises a wall forming a suction pipe, with orifices distributed over the height of said wall and crossing the latter to form said suction mouths 9, 10, 11. For example, said wall includes a perforated sheet metal plate to form said orifices, or a textile or fibrous panel (preferably woven or optionally non-woven) whose interstices between the yarns or fibers form said orifices, or even a panel made of a porous material, the pores of which are through to form said holes. Said wall may for example take the form of a cylindrical column, preferably with a circular base, such as for example a tube, which is arranged vertically and whose side wall may for example be perforated with a distribution of orifices covering the height and the periphery of the column, according to an angular sector of 360° so as to suck the gas radially at 360°, or less (for example 90° or 180°) depending on the configuration of the installation. According to a particular variant of the invention, the suction device 8 can thus comprise or be formed by a vertical perforated suction tube (for example in metal or in polymer), the said perforations forming the said suction mouths 9, 10 , 11.

In the event that room 2 or the confined space has a variable ceiling height (see figures 11 and 12), which is the case for example of certain theaters or cinemas (which are thus equipped with the ventilation device 1 constitute rooms 2 in accordance with the invention), the blowing device 7 is preferably arranged in a first zone 2' of the room 2 or of the confined space where the height under the ceiling is the greatest, while the device suction 8 is arranged away from, and preferably opposite, the blower device 7, in a second zone 2'' of the room 2 or of the confined space where the height under the ceiling is the smallest. Thanks to this technical measure, it is possible to obtain a particularly effective renewal, homogenization and destratification of the air within room 2 or the confined space. It is of course entirely possible, as illustrated in , that the ventilation system 1 comprises several blowing devices 7 and several suction devices 8 as mentioned above, as illustrated in , and that one or more (for example two) of said blowing devices 7 are arranged at the level of said first zone 2′, for example on either side of a screen or a stage 25, while one or more (for example two) of said suction devices 8 are arranged at the level of said second zone 2″, for example at the very top of a theater or cinema, and that one or more others (for example one) of said suction devices 8 is (are) arranged at the level of said first zone 2 'away from the blowing devices 7 arranged in said first zone 2', for example behind the screen or of a stage 25 of a theater or cinema. The said suction device(s) 8 in the said first zone 2' are then advantageously arranged towards, preferably against, a first side wall 4' of the room 2 or of the space confined, while the said suction device(s) 8 in the said second zone 2″ the suction device 8 is arranged opposite the blower device 7, towards, preferably against, a second side wall 4'' opposite said first side wall 4'. According to a particular embodiment which can be substantially close or similar to what is described above, the blower device 7 is arranged towards, preferably against, a first side wall 4' of the room 2 or of the space confined corresponding to the greatest height under the ceiling, while the suction device 8 is arranged opposite the blower device 7, towards, preferably against, a second side wall 4'' opposite to said first side wall 4' corresponding at the lowest ceiling height.

According to a particular embodiment, of which several variants are illustrated in the figures, the blowing device 7 and the suction device 8 are designed to be placed at a distance from each other, substantially parallel to one another. other and facing each other, in opposite areas of said room 2 or said confined space, for example at two opposite corners 6 of the latter, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 7, or at the level of two opposite walls 4 of said room 2 or of said confined space, as illustrated in .

According to a particular variant, the suction device 8 comprises at least one suction pipe extending substantially in a longitudinal direction intended to be placed substantially vertically, said suction pipe being provided with said suction mouths 9, 10, 11. The suction device 8 can thus comprise or be formed by said suction pipe, which is preferably positioned in said room 2 or said confined space, for example at a distance from said side walls 4, or on the contrary against one or more (typically two) of said side walls 4.

According to another particular variant, preferably combined with the preceding one, the blower device 7 comprises at least one blower pipe extending substantially in a longitudinal direction intended to be placed substantially vertically, said blower pipe being provided with said blowing mouths 12, 13, 14. The blowing device 7 can thus comprise or be formed by said blowing pipe (as illustrated in Figures 7-8 for example) which is preferably positioned in said room 2 or said confined space, for example at a distance from said side walls 4, or on the contrary against one or more (typically two) of said side walls 4. According to a particular variant of the invention, the blowing device 7 can thus comprise or be formed by a tube vertical perforated blowing (for example made of metal or polymer), said perforations forming said blowing mouths 12, 13, 14.

Advantageously, said blowing pipe 7 has a substantially circular, elliptical or oval cross-section, as illustrated in the figures. More advantageously still, said blowing mouths 12, 13, 14 are distributed over said blowing pipe 7 so as to give a radial distribution to the gas emitted from the latter, that is to say radially orient the gas at the outlet of this last. Depending on the configuration of room 2 or of the confined space to be ventilated and of the positioning of the ventilation system 1 within said room 2 or of said confined space to be ventilated, said radial distribution can take place in a circular manner over 360 ° (in the case of a mesh like that of the for example), or according to a smaller angular sector, for example of the order of 90° (quarter circle) when the supply vents 12 are arranged in a corner of the room ( cf. ) or around 180° (semi-circle – cf. ) when the blowing vents 12 are placed against a wall at a distance from the corners (case of a wagon for example – cf. ). In other words, according to this variant, the blowing pipe 7 advantageously has a curvature, and the blowing mouths 12, 13, 14 are distributed along this curvature in groups at respective heights, so as to send gas in several radial directions with respect to said curvature. Such a configuration allows gas to be sent to all areas of room 2 or the confined space.

Advantageously, the blowing device 7 comprises a wall forming a blowing duct, with orifices distributed over the height of said wall and crossing the latter to form said blowing mouths 12, 13, 14. For example, said wall includes a plate of perforated sheet to form said orifices, or a textile or fibrous panel (preferably woven or possibly non-woven) whose interstices between the threads or fibers form said orifices, or even a panel made of a porous material, the pores of which pass through to form said orifices. Said wall may for example take the form of a cylindrical column, preferably with a circular base, such as for example a tube, which is arranged vertically and whose side wall may for example be perforated with a distribution of orifices covering the height and the periphery of the column, according to an angular sector adapted to the positioning of the blowing device 7 within the room or the confined space. Advantageously, said orifices forming the blowing mouths 12, 13, 14 are arranged according to an angular sector which covers the room 2 or the confined space to be ventilated as much as possible, depending on the positioning of the blowing device 7. Thus, in the case of a mesh like that of the for example, the orifices can be distributed in a circular manner over 360°. The orifices can be distributed according to a smaller angular sector, for example of the order of 90° (quarter circle) when the blowing vents 12 are arranged in a corner of the room (cf. ), or of the order of 180° (semi-circle) when the blowing vents 12 are arranged against a wall at a distance from the corners ( cf. , and the case of a wagon for example, cf. ).

In the case where the blowing device 7 is formed by a vertical column, it is preferable that the surface through which the air is injected faces the area of the room that it is desired to supply and that the distribution of the flow is homogeneous according to the blowing surface. It is also preferable that the homogeneity of the injected flow is done with a minimum of mixing with the air of the room, which leads to favoring the implementation of a wall made of canvas, fabric, or porous material, or even a perforated sheet with the smallest possible holes. This makes it possible to blow the gas into the confined volume to be ventilated through very small orifices, distributed in a homogeneous and continuous manner over the entire surface of the vertical column which faces the volume to be ventilated, so as to effectively sweep the latter. with a gas flow, preferably over its entire height.

Preferably, said suction line 8 has a substantially circular, elliptical or oval cross section, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 7 in particular. More preferably, said suction mouths 9, 10, 11 are distributed over said suction pipe so as to allow radial suction of gas from room 2 or from the confined space. Here again, depending on the configuration of room 2 or the confined space to be ventilated and the positioning of the ventilation system 1 within said room 2 or said confined space to be ventilated, said radial distribution can take place at 360 °, or according to a smaller angular sector. In other words, according to this last variant, the suction line advantageously has a curvature, and the suction mouths 9, 10, 11 are distributed along this curvature in groups at respective heights, so as to extract the gas in room 2 or in the confined space in several radial directions with respect to said curvature. Said blowing 7 and suction 8 pipes may be similar, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 13 in particular, for reasons of simplification and/or limitation of manufacturing costs, or different, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 in particular, due for example to the configuration of room 2 or the confined space or the need for gas flow. The blowing pipe 7 and/or the suction pipe 8 can thus present a respective cross-section (in figure) closed, for example circular with a complete circle, or (in figure) open, for example an arc of a circle or a semi-circle. The open cross-section pipe is advantageously designed to be pressed against at least one of the side walls 4, as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 for the blow pipe of the blower device 7.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the ventilation system 1 comprises at least one substantially elongated gas distribution device 15, 16 intended to be positioned vertically in order to delimit a space 17, which is intended to accommodate said blowing device 7. Said gas distribution device 15, 16 preferably has a plurality of orifices, which are more preferably (but not necessarily) distributed in a substantially regular manner over at least half of its length, preferably distributed over almost whole or all of its length. Advantageously, the gas distribution device 15, 16 is the same size (that is to say the same length, to within 5%) as the blower device 7. The distribution device 15 advantageously forms a screen pierced with said orifices between the blowing device 7 and the rest of the room 2 or the confined space, so as to better distribute the gas flows from the said blowing device 7 in the said room 2 or the said confined space. This gas distribution device 15, 16 is in particular placed opposite the blower device 7, at a short distance from the latter (a few cm, for example between 1 and 30 cm, more preferably between 2 and 20 cm), and from preferably along said blower device 7.

For example, the distribution device 15, 16 comprises a grid or a substantially rigid plate 15 provided with at least some of said orifices. This grid or plate 15 is in particular placed facing the blowing device 7, at a short distance from the latter (a few cm, for example between 1 and 20 cm), and preferably along said blowing device 7. Such a embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 in particular, which are enlarged details of the construction of part of the ventilation system 1 at the level of a corner 6 of the room 2 (or of the confined space) in which is positioned the blower device 7 and the distribution device 15, 16.

According to another example, applicable alone or in combination with the previous one, the distribution device 15, 16 comprises a fabric 16 that is substantially flexible and not impermeable to said gas, the fabric 16 having threads and spaces between its threads, the spaces between said wires constituting at least part of said orifices. Such an embodiment is particularly illustrated in . The grid or plate 15 is rigid and therefore advantageously has its own mechanical strength, while the fabric 16 is flexible and therefore preferably does not have its own mechanical strength.

According to a particular embodiment, illustrated in particular in Figures 4, 5, 7 and 8, said distribution device 15, 16 is designed to be flattened and / or hung on at least one of said side walls 4 to delimit said space 17 The ventilation device 1 can comprise connecting joints 22 to connect, for example by gluing, screwing or any other means, the distribution device 15, 16 to said at least one wall 4. For example, the distribution device 15 , 16 is designed to be flattened and/or hooked to only one of said side walls 4, as illustrated in , or two side walls 4 advantageously separated by one of said corners 6, as illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 9. In the latter case, said blower device 7 and the distribution device 15, 16 are preferably designed to be positioned in the same corner 6 of said room 2 or said confined space.

The use of a distribution device 15, 16 separate and distant from the blowing device 7 is purely optional. It is in particular possible to dispense with such a distribution device when a textile wall, woven or non-woven, is implemented as a blowing device, which defines by itself the blowing mouths 12, 13 ,14.

According to a particular embodiment, said blowing device 7 and/or said suction device 8 is/are each designed to be positioned in a respective corner 6 of said room 2 or of said confined space. Said two corners 6 are preferably opposite each other and preferably do not share a common side wall 4.

It is quite possible, according to a particular embodiment, that the ventilation system 1 of the invention comprises several blowing devices 7 and several suction devices 8, as illustrated in Figures 6, 9, 12 and 13. For example, the ventilation system 1 comprises two blowing devices 7 and two suction devices 8, each designed to be positioned in a respective corner 6 of the room 2 or of the confined space, the two blowing devices 7 being for example positioned on one side of the room 2 or of the confined space while the two suction devices 8 are positioned on the other side of the room 2 or of the confined space. The ventilation system 1 can also comprise a larger number of blowing devices 7 and suction devices 8, for example to ventilate a very large room 2, the ventilation system 1 then comprising several pairs each formed of a device blower 7 and a suction device 8 positioned, for example vertically, at a certain distance from each other, each pair also being at a certain distance from neighboring pairs, as illustrated in Figures 6 and 13.

According to a particular embodiment, said distribution device 15, 16 has a cross section with a concavity delimiting said space 17 and facing said blowing device 7. Such a configuration makes it possible to improve the radial distribution of the gas within the room 2 or confined space, from blower 7.

For example, the grid or plate 15 is substantially flat, that is to say extends in a plane, as illustrated in . According to another example, the grid or plate 15 is substantially curved, for example in an arc of a circle, as illustrated in . The grid or plate 15 can thus in the latter case have the same curvature profile as the blowing pipe of the blowing device 7. The fabric 16 can be designed to have said concavity when the blowing device 7 is operating, said fabric 16 being so inflated thanks to the latter.

Advantageously, the ventilation system 1 further comprises at least one first gas circulation means 18, designed to circulate gas within the blower device 7 as far as room 2 or the confined space, and a second means for circulating gas (here the same as the first means 18) designed to circulate gas from the room 2 or the confined space to the suction device 8. Said first and second means for circulation of the gas 18 are, in the examples illustrated in the figures, combined, but they can alternatively be independent of one another. Each means for circulating the gas 18 comprises for example at least one fan, or any other means for moving the gas. Said second gas circulation means is therefore advantageously formed by said first circulation means 18.

According to a particular embodiment, an example of which is illustrated in , the ventilation system 1 further comprises an automatic control unit (not visible at the or confused with the sensor 23) and one or more sensors 23 to be placed in said room 2 or said confined space, for example one or more temperature sensors, of a gaseous compound (such as carbon monoxide CO, sulphide d hydrogen H ₂ S, nitrogen, carbon dioxide CO _{2 ,} etc.) or humidity, said sensor(s) 23 being designed to send information to said unit control, so that it automatically adjusts a flow rate of gas circulated by said means(s) for circulating gas 18 within said device(s) for blowing 7 and/or suction 8. The ventilation system 1 thus advantageously comprises a loop for regulating a parameter of the gaseous atmosphere of the room 2 or of the confined space, said regulating loop comprising at least automatic control unit and said sensor(s) 23, as illustrated in . For example, the ventilation system 1 is automatically regulated according to the temperature and/or the hygrometry, which makes it possible, for example, to save heating energy, such savings being favored by the destratification and the homogenization of the air in the room (or confined space) advantageously obtained thanks to the ventilation system 1. Said sensor or sensors 23 are optionally intended to be placed at different heights of said room 2 or of said confined space (when there is only one sensor 23, this extends for example vertically to be able to take measurements at different heights). Such a configuration allows in particular precise control of the renewal and/or treatment of the various gas strata in said room 2 or said confined space. Said sensor(s) 23 may, according to another alternative (or in combination with the above), be placed or intended to be placed at the same height of said room 2 or of the confined space, for example on the ground, and may further (regardless of their height) be placed at different locations in room 2 or in the confined space along the horizontal plane (when there is only one sensor 23, this extends example horizontally to be able to take measurements at different places in room 2 or in the confined space along the horizontal plane).

According to a particular embodiment, said sensor or sensors 23 are (intended to be) positioned in the suction device 8 (and more precisely in the suction pipe). According to another particular embodiment, said one or more sensors 23 are positioned in the ventilation system 1 downstream of said suction device 8, for example in the intermediate pipe 19 and/or in one or more of the gas outlets 27 (described in more detail below). Thus, said sensor(s) 23 can be positioned within or downstream of the suction device 8. Such a configuration making it possible to guarantee analysis of almost all or even all of the flow of gas extracted from room 2 or from the confined space, and not only at the level of a sensor placed in the room 2 or the confined space independently of the suction device 8 (and in particular outside the latter or not downstream of the latter).

Advantageously, the means for circulating the gas 18 can operate according to a continuous operation mode regulated from data provided by the sensor(s) installed in the closed volume (the room 2 or the confined space) to be ventilated. It is also conceivable that the means for circulating the gas 18 can operate temporarily, for a controlled period, according to a forced operation mode involving a circulation of the gas with a maximum flow rate to renew the air and/or purify the air. and/or reduce the content of a gaseous compound (for example carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen sulphide H ₂ S, nitrogen, carbon dioxide CO _{2 ,} etc.) in the air of room 2 or the confined space concerned (for example a classroom, a theater or even a train compartment) for a short period of time (for example during a break, intermission, between lessons or recreation, stopping at the station, or during cleaning time).

Preferably, the ventilation system 1 further comprises an intermediate pipe 19 connecting said blowing 7 and suction 8 devices to each other, so that the gas in room 2 or in the confined space is sucked up by said suction device 8 and then returned at least in part to said blowing device 7 via said intermediate pipe 19. According to a particular embodiment, said intermediate pipe 19 forms with said blowing 7 and suction 8 devices a independent sub-assembly intended to be added to a building (or a mobile or immobile structure) to equip a room or a ventilated space to be ventilated. In this case, said intermediate pipe 19 optionally includes an on-board air treatment device, so as to implement in situ air treatment. Alternatively, said intermediate pipe 19 is formed at least in part by an aeraulic circuit which already equips the building (or the mobile or immobile structure) of which the room or confined space to be ventilated forms part, said aeraulic circuit being for example part of a controlled mechanical ventilation (VMC) or air treatment installation to which said blowing 7 and suction 8 devices are in this case intended to be connected, in which case an ex situ air treatment can be implemented work.

According to a particular embodiment, the ventilation system 1 comprises, upstream of said blower device 7, a gas treatment means 20. Optionally, the latter is downstream of the suction device 8, in particular when the ventilation system 1 comprises said intermediate pipe 19. The latter is then advantageously connected to the treatment means 20, and/or the latter forms part of the said intermediate pipe 19.

For example, the gas treatment means 20 comprises at least one or more of the following elements:
- a means of depollution, decontamination and/or deodorization of the gas, for example a particle filter, an antivirus filter and/or an antibacterial filter, such as a UV filter, or else a carbon filter,
- a means for regulating the physical parameters of the gas, for example a means for regulating the hygrometry and/or a means for regulating the temperature of the gas, such as a means for heating and/or cooling the gas, or another dehumidifier, and/or
- A gas homogenization means, for example a mixer.

According to an alternative that can be made alone or in combination with the above, the blowing device 7 and the suction device 8 are designed to respectively collect and eject gas outside of said room 2 or of said confined space (and preferably out of the ventilation system 1), for example air coming from outside (from a particular building or vehicle). The exterior is preferably located outside the room 2 or the confined space and outside the ventilation system 1. The ventilation system 1 then advantageously comprises one or more gas inlets 26 making it possible to collect gas from the outside. to the blower device 11, and one or more gas outlets 27 for ejecting gas from the suction device 8 to the outside. Said gas treatment means 20 can be designed to treat gas coming from outside said room 2 or said confined space. Said intermediate pipe 19 can thus optionally be connected to said or at least one of said gas inlet(s) 26 (as illustrated in , bottom right) and/or to said or at least one of said gas outlet(s) 27. Thus, the gas coming from the blower device 7 can come entirely from the gas sucked in by the suction device 8, or else it can come entirely from outside said room 2 or said confined space and not from the suction device 8 which then rejects all the gas outside of room 2 or the confined space, or even it can come partly from the suction device 8 and partly from outside said room 2 or said confined space without first passing through said suction device 8.

According to an alternative of the invention, alone or in combination with that which precedes and which follows, the suction device 8 is designed to be arranged away from the walls 4 of the room 2 or of the confined space, by example more than one meter from each wall 4. It can then advantageously extend from the floor 5 to the ceiling 3 without contact with one of the walls 4. In a particular mode of the invention, the suction device 8 is placed in the center of room 2 or confined space.

The invention also relates, according to a fourth aspect, to a method for ventilating a room 2 or a confined space provided with a ceiling 3, this method preferably being designed to be implemented by means of the ventilation system 1 mentioned above. Preferably, the above description concerning the ventilation system 1 therefore also applies to the ventilation method, and vice versa.

In accordance with the invention, the method comprises at least:
- a step of blowing a gas into said room 2 or said confined space, and
- a stage of suction of the gas contained in said room 2 or said confined space,

the suction step being carried out via a plurality of suction mouths 9, 10, 11 distributed one below the other in a substantially vertical direction, said suction mouths 9, 10, 11 comprising at least one mouth high suction mouth 9 and a low suction mouth 10, as well as intermediate suction mouths 11 located between said high suction mouths 9 and low 10, the distance between said high suction mouths 9 and low 10 being greater than at least half the height under ceiling 3 of said room 2 or of said confined space.

The ventilation method advantageously comprises, before (and upstream of) said blowing step, a gas treatment step, preferably using the gas treatment means 20, the gas treatment step having preferably takes place after (and downstream of) the suction step.

The ventilation system 1 of the invention makes it possible to carry out a faster and more complete renewal of the gas contained in a room 2 or a confined space, which can be particularly useful in the context of a surgical operation for example, in order to reduce the risk of contamination, or in a more general setting, in particular a classroom, a living room, an office, an open space, a meeting room, a room in a commercial premises (store), a cinema or performance hall (theater), a cistern, a silo, a hold, a tank, a train car, or even an airplane cabin (or any other suitable closed volume).

The ventilation system 1 of the invention is therefore particularly intended for the problem of room 2 or confined space ventilation, which encompasses health safety issues related to the contamination of microorganisms (pandemic, contamination in hospitals, etc. .), pollution (fine particles, etc.), the physical safety of goods and living beings, the general well-being of people (air conditioning, heating, etc.), and energy optimization.

Claims (22)

Ventilation system (1) of a room (2) or a confined space provided with a ceiling (3), said ventilation system (1) comprising at least:
- a blowing device (7) designed to blow a gas into said room (2) or said confined space, and
- a suction device (8) designed to suck the gas contained in said room (2) or said confined space,
characterized in that the suction device (8) comprises a plurality of suction mouths (9, 10, 11) distributed one below the other in a substantially vertical direction, said suction mouths (9, 10 , 11) comprising at least one high suction mouth (9) and one low suction mouth (10), as well as intermediate suction mouths (11) located between said high suction mouths (9) and low (10), the distance between said high (9) and low (10) suction mouths being greater than at least half the ceiling height (3) of said room (2) or of said confined space. Ventilation system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the distance between the said high (9) and low (10) suction vents is greater than 80%, preferably is greater than 90%, of the height under ceiling (3) of said room (2) or of said confined space, and more preferably is almost equal to or equal to the height under the ceiling (3) of said room (2) or of said confined space. Ventilation system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said suction device (8) has a substantially elongated shape and is designed to be placed, in operation, substantially vertically. Ventilation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blowing device (7) comprises a plurality of blowing mouths (12, 13, 14), the said blowing mouths (12, 13, 14) comprising at least one high blowing mouth (12) and one low blowing mouth (13), as well as intermediate blowing mouths (14) located between said high blowing mouths (12) and low (13), the distance between said upper (12) and lower (13) air outlets being greater than at least half the height under the ceiling (3) of said room (2) or of said confined space. Ventilation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said blowing device (7) has a substantially elongated shape and is designed to be placed, in operation, substantially vertically. Ventilation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blower device (7) and the suction device (8) are designed to be placed at a distance from each other, substantially parallel to each other and facing each other, in opposite areas of said room (2) or said confined space, for example at two opposite corners (6) of the latter or at the level of two opposite walls (4) of said room (2) or of said confined space. Ventilation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, upstream of the said blowing device (7), a gas treatment means (20), the latter being optionally downstream of the suction device (8). Ventilation system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the gas treatment means (20) comprises at least one or more of the following elements:
- a means of depollution, decontamination and/or deodorization of the gas, for example a particle filter, an antivirus filter and/or an antibacterial filter, such as a UV filter, or else a carbon filter,
- a means for regulating the physical parameters of the gas, for example a means for regulating the hygrometry and/or a means for regulating the temperature of the gas, such as a means for heating and/or cooling the gas, or another dehumidifier, and/or
- A gas homogenization means, for example a mixer. Ventilation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction device (8) comprises at least one suction pipe extending substantially in a longitudinal direction intended to be placed substantially at the vertical, said suction pipe being provided with said suction mouths (9, 10, 11). Ventilation system (1) according to Claim 4 and optionally according to any one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the blowing device (7) comprises at least one blowing pipe extending substantially in a longitudinal direction intended to be placed substantially vertically, said blow pipe being provided with said blow mouths (12, 13, 14). Ventilation system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said blowing pipe has a substantially circular, elliptical or oval cross-section, and in that said blowing vents (12, 13, 14) are distributed over said pipe blowing so as to give a radial distribution to the gas emitted from the latter. Ventilation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one substantially elongated gas distribution device (15, 16) intended to be positioned vertically in order to delimit a space (17), which is intended to accommodate said blower device (7), said gas distribution device (15, 16) having a plurality of orifices distributed in a substantially regular manner over at least half of its length. Ventilation system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the distribution device (15, 16) comprises a grid or a substantially rigid plate (15) provided with at least some of the said orifices. Ventilation system (1) according to Claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the distribution device comprises a fabric (16) which is substantially flexible and not impermeable to said gas, the fabric (16) having threads and spaces between its threads , the spaces between said wires constituting at least part of said orifices. Ventilation system (1) according to any one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the room (2) or the confined space comprises several side walls (4), and in that the said distribution device (15, 16) is designed to be flattened and/or hooked to at least one of said side walls (4) to delimit said space (17). Ventilation system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said distribution device (15, 16) has a cross section with a concavity delimiting said space (17) and facing said blowing device (7). Ventilation system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises an intermediate pipe (19) connecting the said blowing (7) and suction (8) devices to each other, from so that the gas from the room (2) or from the confined space is sucked up by said suction device (8) then returned at least in part to said blowing device (7) via said intermediate pipe (19). Ventilation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one first gas circulation means (18), designed to circulate gas within the blower (7) to the room (2) or the confined space, and a second means for circulating gas designed to circulate gas from the room (2) or the confined space to the device for aspiration (8), and in that the ventilation system (1) further comprises an automatic control unit and one or more sensors (23) to be placed in said room (2) or said confined space, for example one or temperature sensors, a gaseous compound (such as carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen sulphide H ₂ S, nitrogen, carbon dioxide CO _2, etc.) or humidity, the ) said sensor(s) (23) being adapted to send information to said control unit, so that the latter automatically adjusts a flow rate of gas circulated by said gas circulation means(s) within said blower (7) and/or suction (8) device(s). Ventilation system (1) according to claim 4 and optionally according to any one of claims 5 to 18, characterized in that the room (2) or the confined space comprises a floor (5), and in that the density and/or the size of the air vents (12, 13, 14) closest to the ceiling (3) and/or the floor (5) is greater than that of the other air vents (12, 13, 14). Room (2) or confined ventilated space comprising at least one ceiling (3), said room (2) or said confined space being equipped with a ventilation system (1) according to any one of the claims previous ones. Mobile building or structure comprising at least one room (2) or a ventilated confined space according to the preceding claim. A method of ventilating a room (2) or a confined space provided with a ceiling (3), the method comprising at least:
- a step of blowing a gas into said room (2) or said confined space, and
- a stage of suction of the gas contained in said room (2) or said confined space,
characterized in that the suction step is performed via a plurality of suction mouths (9, 10, 11) distributed one below the other in a substantially vertical direction, said suction mouths (9, 10 , 11) comprising at least one high suction mouth (9) and one low suction mouth (10), as well as intermediate suction mouths (11) located between said high suction mouths (9) and low (10), the distance between said high (9) and low (10) suction mouths being greater than at least half the ceiling height (3) of said room (2) or of said confined space.