FR3117136A1 - Support structure and corresponding support device - Google Patents

Abstract

Retaining structure and corresponding retaining device The invention relates to a retaining structure (1), comprising at least one central anchor rod (3), intended to be driven by one end into the ground to form an anchor, at least two bars (51, 52) arranged in so as to form a central cross (5) configured to be crossed by the central anchor rod (3), and a frame surrounding the central cross (5). According to the invention, the bars (51, 52) of the central cross (5) each have two end plates (11) respectively comprising a cable passage (111), and in that said structure (1) comprises at minus a peripheral cable (7) arranged around the central cross (5) passing through the cable passages (111), so as to form the frame. Figure for abstract: Fig. 2

Description

Support structure and corresponding support device

The present invention relates to a retaining structure, in particular of the type used to prepare or reinforce earthworks and in the development of sloping land. The invention also relates to a support device comprising one or more support structures.

It is known to use walls, generally made of stone, metal or wood, to create retaining structures. Such structures are used, for example, to retain earth in sloping ground, so as to be able to develop a strip of flat ground, in particular for constructing a road or a building on it.

These earthwork structures are subject to high stresses, due to the weight of the earth retained, and the structures must therefore be designed to withstand them.

A well-known example is the retaining wall, also known as a retaining wall. Such a wall is usually built of stone, concrete, or metal sheet piling on a slope. The earth is retained behind the wall, and presses against it in an effort which tends on the one hand to push the wall, and on the other hand to make it tip over.

It is known, for example, to anchor the retaining wall to one or more dead bodies, to associate it with a cantilever sole, to add buttresses or even to drive a portion of the wall into the ground to resist to the efforts previously mentioned, when the weight of the wall alone is no longer sufficient.

These methods are however expensive, require a lot of means or devices, and are often laborious to implement. For example, sheet piles require vibrators or pistons to be driven. Dead bodies for anchoring must, if they are not naturally present, be moved and buried correctly, and cantilever footings must also be buried deep enough to play their role.

A constant problem is to be able to adapt easily to different terrain configurations. In addition, it is important to prevent and limit possible decompression of land.

To remedy at least some of these issues, a rigid all-steel structure was developed, featuring a central cross formed from steel bars and surrounded by a steel frame. The frame is pressed against the ground to be reinforced in order to contain the pressure of the earth and a grid fixed to the frame allows the drainage of the ground.

However, such a structure is very heavy, for example of the order of 300kg, making transport and installation on the site more complex. It is preferable, in certain difficult geotechnical contexts, to set up lighter retaining structures so as not to destabilize the ground.

Such an all-steel structure also remains relatively expensive to produce and install. In addition, the steel structure does not necessarily integrate in a neutral or soft way with the environment in which it is installed.

In addition, their transport and storage can be complicated. It is important to be able to facilitate the transport as well as the storage of retaining structures.

Finally, a very important issue is to reduce the environmental footprint for the construction and installation of retaining structures.

The object of the invention is to at least partially overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a support structure that is less expensive, lighter and easier to transport and implement, making it possible to limit the environmental impact while maintaining good performance. techniques to consolidate, reinforce a ground. Another objective is also to facilitate the landscape integration of such a structure.

To this end, the subject of the invention is a support structure, comprising at least one central anchoring rod, intended to be driven by one end into the ground to form an anchorage, at least two bars arranged so as to form a central cross configured to be traversed by the central anchor rod, and a frame surrounding the central cross.

According to the invention, the bars of the central cross each have two end plates respectively comprising a cable passage. Said structure comprises at least one peripheral cable arranged around the central cross passing through the cable passages, so as to form the frame.

Such a solution makes it possible to obtain a structure that is lighter, less expensive and easier to transport and install compared to the solutions of the prior art, in particular with a steel frame.

The support structure may also comprise one or more of the following characteristics described below, taken separately or in combination.

The cable passages are for example made by tubes fixed on the end plates. These are in particular bent tubes.

Advantageously, the structure comprises a reinforcement frame in the general shape of a pyramidal point, connected to the bars of the central cross, and configured to be crossed by the central anchor rod.

The structure has a significant load recovery thanks to the reinforcement reinforcement in pyramidal point or diamond point. This pyramid-shaped or diamond-shaped reinforcement reinforcement allows the structure to be prestressed. This prestress makes it possible to limit a possible movement of decompression of the ground. This prevents the structure from being stressed with a lack of homogeneity of pressure, in the event of decompression of the ground.

According to one embodiment, the structure comprises at least one reinforcement piece having a central orifice through which the central anchor rod passes and a predefined number of reinforcement cables. Said cables are respectively connected to a bar of the central cross and join at the level of the reinforcement piece, being arranged in the general shape of a pyramidal point whose apex is the reinforcement piece.

In general, the structure comprises complementary fixing elements provided on the one hand at the level of the reinforcing part and on the other hand at the level of the reinforcing cables.

The reinforcement piece comprises for example a main face having the central orifice.

A predefined number of fixing tabs configured to cooperate with complementary fixing elements of the reinforcement cables, can extend from the main face of the reinforcement part.

The reinforcement can be fixed to the bars of the central cross, for example in the middle of the bars. Alternatively, the reinforcement can be attached to the end plates.

According to one embodiment, the structure comprises a predefined number of fixing brackets arranged around the bars of the central cross.

The fixing stirrups respectively comprise at least one assembly member configured to cooperate with a complementary fixing element of a reinforcement cable.

According to another embodiment, the end plates may respectively comprise at least one fixing lug configured to cooperate with a complementary fixing element of a reinforcement cable.

The reinforcement cables have at their ends fixing elements, for example made in the form of fixing rings.

The fixing tabs or the fixing lugs depending on the variant embodiment, may respectively have an orifice around which a ring for fixing a cable is attached.

According to a first variant, the reinforcement is intended to be laid in the ground, so that the top of the pyramidal point points in the same direction as the end of the anchor rod intended to be driven into the ground. The reinforcing cables and the reinforcing piece can be intended to be placed in the ground.

According to a second variant, the reinforcement is intended to be laid in the ground, so that the top of the pyramidal point points in a direction opposite to that of the end of the anchoring rod intended to be driven into the ground.

According to one embodiment, the bars of the central cross are metallic or metallic alloy, in particular steel.

According to another embodiment, the bars of the central cross are made of wood. This solution is even less expensive and reduces the carbon footprint by the same amount compared to steel bars. It is also more aesthetic and fits more easily into a natural environment. When the bars of the central cross are made of wood, they also have the advantage of being able to be easily and quickly adjusted as needed, for example directly on the site.

The structure may comprise first end sleeves fixed to the end plates, receiving first ends of the bars of said cross.

The structure may comprise second end sleeves fixed to a central plate arranged in the center of said cross, receiving second ends of the bars of said cross.

One or more of the following elements can be made of a metallic material or a metallic alloy, in particular steel: the anchoring rod(s), the end plates, the central plate, the reinforcing piece, the end sleeves .

According to another aspect, the structure comprises at least one transverse beam fixed to two successive end plates. It is intended to be arranged in the top part of the structure when it is put in place.

The transverse beam is advantageously chosen from the same material as the bars of the central cross. The transverse beam can be metallic and welded to the end plates. Alternatively, the cross beam can be made of wood and attached to the end plates.

According to a variant embodiment, the structure comprises a predetermined number of reinforcing anchor rods, in addition to the central anchor rod. They can be arranged on the periphery of the structure.

The structure further includes a metal grid attached to the boundary wire. A burlap can be added on the grid to allow revegetation.

The ends of the bars of the central cross are arranged along a diagonal of the corresponding end plate, at a predetermined non-zero distance from an outer corner of the end plate, coinciding with a corner of the frame formed by the peripheral cable . This outer corner carries the cable passage on the other side, for example in the form of a bent tube. This allows a stack of central crosses on the side of the cable passages, preventing them from slipping.

The invention also relates to a kit for assembling one or more support structures on the construction site. Elements of the same nature, in particular the central crosses, of different structures can be stacked.

Another subject of the invention is a support device, comprising at least one support structure, or even a plurality of support structures as defined above.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description given by way of illustrative and non-limiting example, and the appended drawings, among which:

is a front view of a metal support structure according to a first embodiment comprising a central cross, a peripheral cable surrounding the central cross, and a grid fixed to the cable.

is a perspective view partially showing two structures of the assembled.

is an enlarged view showing an end plate of a bar forming the central cross.

is a profile view of the structure of the .

is a rear view of two structures according to the first embodiment on which the grids have been removed and showing wired pyramid-shaped reinforcement frames of the structures.

is a view of a reinforcement piece at the top of the wired pyramid point reinforcement frame.

partially shows the connection between the reinforcing piece and the reinforcing cables of the cabled pyramidal point reinforcing reinforcement.

shows a fixing bracket for attaching a reinforcement cable to a bar of the central cross.

is a front perspective view of a metal support structure according to a second embodiment comprising a pyramid-shaped reinforcement reinforcement made of metal beams.

is a rear perspective view of the metal support structure of the .

shows a third embodiment of a support structure without a pyramidal point reinforcement.

shows a stack of two central crosses partly in wood and surrounded by peripheral cables of support structures according to a fourth embodiment.

is an enlarged view showing the interlocking at the ends of the bars.

is a front perspective view of the central cross to which is attached a wired pyramidal point reinforcement structure.

is a rear perspective view of the .

is a front view of a partially wooden support structure.

is a profile view of the structure of the showing a wired pyramidal spike reinforcement structure attached to the end plates.

is a perspective view of the central cross of the structure of Figures 16 and 17.

is a front view of a metal support structure according to a fifth embodiment further comprising a transverse beam.

shows two partly wooden support structures each comprising a transverse beam.

shows different examples of application of a support device comprising one or more support structures.

In these figures, identical elements bear the same reference numbers.

The following achievements are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is to the same embodiment, or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments can also be combined or interchanged to provide other embodiments.

In the description, certain elements can be indexed, such as for example first, second element. It can be a simple indexing to differentiate and name close but not identical elements. This indexing does not necessarily imply a priority of one element over another and it is easy to interchange such denominations without departing from the scope of the present description. Nor does this indexing necessarily imply an order in time.

SUPPORT STRUCTURE

With reference to Figures 1 and 2, the invention relates to a retaining structure 1 which can be intended for different applications depending on the geotechnical context.

In general, the support structure 1 is configured to be used for support, or reinforcement of soil, of land. It can be used to prepare or reinforce earthworks, or in the development of sloping or difficult-to-access areas or land. It can also be used as a variant of traditional special works of the nailed wall type in sprayed concrete, or Berliner. It can also be used as an alternative to road widening creations, or riprap or concrete wall access tracks. It can also be used to widen ski slopes, or even to respond to problems specific to skiing, by making it possible, for example, to create an extension to contain snow, or a gooseneck to equip structures with anti-skid nets. -falls of skiers.

General structure

Such a structure 1 comprises at least one central anchoring rod 3 (also called central anchoring bar), a central cross 5, and at least one peripheral cable 7 arranged around the central cross 5 so as to form a frame surrounding the central cross 5.

Structure 1 further comprises a retention layer. It is advantageously a metal grid 9, in particular stainless steel. Thanks to this grid 9, the structure 1 does not retain the hydrostatic pressure of the ground, it is draining. Other variants for the retention layer can be considered.

Advantageously, the structure 1 further comprises one or more reinforcing means making it possible to reinforce and stiffen the structure 1, examples of embodiments of which are described below.

The various elements making up the structure 1 are described in more detail below.

The central anchor rod 3 is intended to be driven by one of its ends into the ground, for example until it reaches a sufficiently hard layer, to form an anchor.

The central anchor rod 3 is for example produced by a solid or hollow bar, the latter being called a self-drilling or self-drilling bar, in the form of a thread. It is for example intended to be installed using a destructive drilling technique in the ground or to be connected to a dead body, by one of its ends, in particular by screwing, which causes a tapping around the hole formed during the installation. place of the central anchor rod 3. This thread retains the central anchor rod 3 once it is in place.

Alternatively, the central anchor rod 3 such as a solid or hollow bar called self-drilling bar, is intended to be surrounded by cement or concrete. The rod 3 is then placed in a hole made by prior or simultaneous destructive drilling during self-drilling drilling, in which the cement or concrete has been injected, then the cement or concrete is allowed to set, which then acts as a dead body. . For better resistance, the outer wall of at least the extremal part of the rod 3 can be knurled, serrated or at least coarsely ground for better attachment of the cement or concrete.

The central cross 5 is formed of at least two intersecting bars 51, 52. Alternatively, it can be formed of four bars arranged in the shape of a cross.

The structure 1 comprises end plates 11 fixed to the ends of the bars 51, 52 of the central cross 5. An end plate 11 is fixed to each longitudinal end of the bars 51, 52.

Four end plates 11 are arranged at the four corners of the frame formed by the peripheral cable 7. The peripheral cable 7 passes through cable passages 111 provided on the end plates 11.

As best seen on the , a cable passage 111 may have a tubular shape. It is in particular a tube which can be bent.

The end plates 11 are, for example, of generally rectangular or square shape. They respectively have a flat surface 113. A tube for the cable passage 11 can be provided at the peripheral edge of the end plates 11. It extends around the periphery of two contiguous edges of a rectangular end plate 11.

According to the embodiment shown, the bent tube extends on either side of an outer corner of the end plate 11, that is to say the corner farthest from the center of the cross.

On the inside of the bent tube defining the cable passage 111, that is to say on the side closest to the center of the central cross 5, the flat surface 113 and this bent tube make it possible to delimit a housing 115 for receiving one end of a bar 51, 52 of another similar central cross 5, in order to allow them to be stacked as described below.

The cable passage 111 thus corresponds to a corner of the structure 1, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

The tubes allowing the passage of the cable are fixed to the end plates 11, on the side opposite the ends of the bars 51, 52. The tubes are for example welded to the end plates 11.

When the structure 1 is assembled, the perimeter wire 7 therefore passes or slides inside these tubes. According to an exemplary embodiment, the tubes may have a diameter of the order of 12mm to 20mm.

In addition, the ends of the bars 51, 52 of the central cross 5 are arranged along a diagonal of the corresponding end plate 11. They stop at a predetermined non-zero distance d1 from the outer corner of the end plate 11 , that is to say which coincides with a corner of the frame formed by the peripheral cable 7. This distance d1 is for example of the order of 2cm to 3cm.

Several central crosses 5 can be stacked and nested for example for transport. Considered below are a first and a second central cross 5. The ends of the bars 51, 52 of the second central cross 5 fit into the housings 115 ( ) on the inside of the bent tubes defining the cable passages 111 at the level of the end plates 11 of the first central cross 5, and so on.

The ends of the bars 51, 52 of the second central cross 5 do not come into abutment against the bent tubes defining the cable passages 111, the distance d1 is chosen so that there is a little margin.

This interlocking of the ends of the bars 51, 52 in the housings 115 on the inside of the bent tubes prevents the bars 51, 52 from slipping. More specifically, this makes it possible to avoid, during loading and unloading, that operators are confronted with having a load that slips, and therefore the risk of crushing is limited. This also makes it easier to store before installation.

In addition, end plate 11 may have orifices 117, for example two orifices, which may be oblong in shape. According to a particular embodiment, these orifices 117 are configured to cooperate, on the side opposite the ends of the bars 51, 52, with an alignment part 12 (visible on the ), such as a metal bracket, which is intended to be fixed with the end plate 11 of an adjacent structure 1 to resume the alignment of the two structures 1. This connection is adjustable thanks to the oblong holes 117 .

Furthermore, the central cross 5 is configured to be crossed by the central anchor rod 3.

For this purpose, the central cross 5 has a hole in its center, through which the central anchor rod 3 can pass.

A central plate 13 is for example arranged at the junction of the bars 51, 52, in the center of the central cross 5. This central plate 13 is in this case also provided with a central hole 131 to allow the passage of the rod of central anchor 3.

As regards the grid 9 (also called mesh or net), it is fixed to the peripheral cable 7. This can be done by ligation, more precisely by pneumatic and manual ligation. Moreover, when several structures 1 are assembled, during installation, the grid 9 can be tied to an adjacent peripheral cable 7, that is to say of the neighboring structure 1. Advantageously, the grid 9 can be doubled.

Furthermore, a hessian can be added to the grid 9 to allow revegetation.

The dimensions of structure 1 can be of the order of 2000mm to 2400mm by 3000mm. The elements making up the structure 1 are sized accordingly. In particular, the length of the central anchoring rod 3 can be several meters, adapted to the estimated depth of the drilling for a good hold. The diameter of the central anchor rod 3 can be a few centimeters, for example of the order of 2cm to 8cm.

Alternatively, structure 1 can be smaller. Its structural dimensions can be in the range of 1000mm by 1250mm. In this case the dimensions of the grid 9, of the central anchoring rod 3, are adapted. This small structure 1 is particularly more suitable for landscaping. It makes it possible to create access at low heights as an alternative to traditional shuttered walls, always with a view to reducing the impact of the carbon footprint. Such a small structure 1 can also be used for the production of dead bodies for making ski slope groomer anchors but also dead bodies for larger structures 1.

Different types of assembly of the structure 1 are possible depending on the terrain configurations, as explained below.

Several embodiments of structure 1 are described in more detail below.

First embodiment

According to a first embodiment, shown in Figures 1 to 8, the central cross 5 (Figures 1 to 5) comprises two intersecting bars 51, 52 which are metallic or metallic alloy. They are mostly made of steel. In particular, the entire structure 1 is a metal or metal alloy structure.

The metal bars 51, 52 can for example be segments of hollow beams. They have, for example, a square section, about ten centimeters on a side, in particular of the order of 5cm to 20cm. These bars 51, 52 may have walls with a thickness of the order of 3mm to 10mm.

Other shapes or configurations of the intersecting bars 51, 52 forming the central unit 5 are possible. For example, the bars 51, 52 can be H-section beam segments, with a central web and side flanges (IPN type beams).

The central plate 13 and the end plates 11 and are also metallic or metallic alloy, for example steel.

The central plate 13 can be welded to the junction of the bars 51, 52 in the center of the central cross 5. The central plate 13 can have a rectangular or square shape ( ), or a cross shape ( ) complementary to the shape at the junction of the two intersecting bars 51, 52.

The ends of the bars 51, 52 of the central cross 5 are for example welded to the end plates 11.

In addition, the structure 1 comprises a reinforcement 15, better visible in Figures 4 and 5 in the general shape of a pyramidal point or diamond point. It allows the structure 1 to be prestressed, in order to limit the deformations of the structure 1.

According to the first embodiment, this structure or reinforcement 15 comprises at least one reinforcement part 17 which is central, and a predefined number of reinforcement cables 19. The reinforcement 15 is therefore cabled, it also has a octopus shape.

The reinforcement cables 19 join at the level of the reinforcement piece 17, being arranged in the general shape of a pyramidal point. The reinforcing cables 19 form the edges of the pyramid shape, the base of which is in the plane of the central cross 5 and the top of which is the reinforcing piece 17.

In general, the structure 1 comprises complementary fixing elements provided on the one hand at the level of the reinforcing part 17 and on the other hand at the level of the reinforcing cables 19.

In the assembled state of the structure 1, the reinforcing piece 17 protrudes from the plane containing the central cross 5.

The reinforcing piece 17 is for example metallic or made of a metallic alloy, for example steel.

The reinforcing piece 17 is intended to be crossed by the central anchoring rod 3. It has for this purpose a central orifice 171 which is better visible on the .

According to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the reinforcement piece 17 comprises a main face 173 having the central orifice 171. When the structure 1 is assembled, this central orifice 171 can contribute with the drilling of the central cross 5 to the alignment of the central anchor rod 3 with respect to the plane of the central cross 5.

The main face 173 is for example generally rectangular or square.

A predefined number of fixing tabs 175 extend from this main face 173. In this example, the fixing tabs 175 extend along an inclined plane with respect to the plane defined by the main face 173.

The fixing tabs 175 can for example be of generally triangular shape.

These fixing tongues 175 are configured to cooperate with complementary fixing elements of the reinforcing cables 19. They have for this purpose respectively at least one orifice 177.

The reinforcement cables 19 are fixed to the reinforcement piece 17. To do this, the reinforcement cables 19 have at their ends fastening elements produced for example in the form of fastening rings 191, in particular strops. These fixing elements such as fixing rings 191 can be hooked to the orifices 177 at the level of the fixing tabs for example. The reinforcing cables 19 are for example pre-crimped and, in a non-limiting way, they can be connected to the reinforcing part 17, using shackles.

Furthermore, referring again to Figures 1, 2 and 4 and 5, the central cross 5 carries the reinforcing cables 19 with the reinforcing piece 17 in the center. The reinforcing cables 19 are therefore attached to the bars 51, 52 of the central cross 5. The reinforcing cables 19 can extend by forming an angle of 10° to 40°, preferably 30° with the plane defined by the central cross 5.

To this end, a predefined number of fixing brackets 21 are arranged around the bars 51, 52 of the central cross 5. They can for example be arranged in the middle of the bars 51, 52, or close to the middle.

The mounting brackets 21, an example of which is best seen on the , define a "U" shape.

They respectively comprise at least one assembly member 211 configured to cooperate with a fastening element such as the fastening ring 191 complementary to a reinforcing cable 19. According to the example shown, the assembly member 211 s extends transversely between the two branches defining the shape of "U" of the fixing bracket 21. It is for example a bolt.

Referring again to Figures 2 and 5, when laying the structure 1, the reinforcement 15 is intended to be laid in the ground. To do this, the reinforcing cables 19 and the reinforcing piece 17 are arranged so that the top of the pyramid shape points in the same direction as the end of the central anchor rod 3 intended to be driven into the ground. . The space behind structure 1 is filled with fill, such as earth, rubble, or sand. When the structure 1 is in place, the wired reinforcement 15 or "octopus" is arranged at the rear of the structure 1, on the buried side.

This type of assembly can be used in embankment configurations, in particular for aesthetic reasons and to avoid prominences on the front face of structure 1.

Thus, the central anchor rod 3 provides anchoring by directly fixing the structure 1 in the ground, so as to contain the thrust of the earth. The reinforcement 15 with the reinforcement cables 19 and the reinforcement part 17 at the top, makes it possible to put the structure 1 under prestress. geotechnical view. For example, prestressing makes it possible to reduce uncontrolled and subsequent settlement of the retained soil, and/or to slow erosion by soil compaction.

The structure 1 can also include one or more additional reinforcing anchor rods 3'. Such anchor rods 3' can be similar to the central anchor rod 3.

An additional reinforcing anchor rod 3' can be fixed to a support plate 23, an embodiment of which is better visible on the . Depending on the orientation of structure 1 on the which corresponds to its orientation once in place, the support plate 23 is provided at the foot of the structure 1 for example.

The support plate 23 is for example intended to be fixed to two adjacent end plates 11, that is to say two neighboring structures 1 when there are several structures 1. The support plate 23 can have an angled shape . Positioned at the junction of two structures 1, it thus provides vertical and horizontal recovery for the two neighboring structures 1.

The anchoring rod or rods, that is to say the central anchoring rod 3 and optionally peripheral anchoring rods 3', are intended to enter into engagement with a dead body made of cement or concrete, or with a structure similar to structure 1 according to the invention but of smaller dimensions.

The metallic structure 1 according to this first embodiment with the peripheral cable 7 and the cabled reinforcement 15 also called an "octopus" is half as heavy, much less expensive and makes it possible to reduce the carbon footprint compared to a structure with a frame formed of steel bars according to the prior art. In addition, it can easily be assembled on site.

Finally, the different elements can be easily adapted for different sizes of bars 51, 52 forming the central cross 5, depending on the desired dimensions of the structure 1.

Second embodiment

A second embodiment is represented in a simplified manner in FIGS. 9 and 10. Only the differences with respect to the first embodiment are detailed below.

According to this second embodiment, the reinforcement 15 comprises four beams 25, forming the edges of the pyramidal shape whose base is in the plane of the central cross 5.

The beams 25 are for example metallic, in particular steel. They may be similar to the bars 51, 52 of the central cross 5 as described above.

The four beams 25 are on the one hand fixed to the bars 51, 52 and on the other hand meet so as to form the top 27 of the pyramid shape.

At the level of the connection between the bars 51, 52 forming the central cross 5 and the beams forming the reinforcement reinforcement 15 in pyramidal point, it is possible to provide metal reinforcements 29, respectively coming against the bars 51, 52 and the beams 25 , being welded or screwed thereto.

The top 27 at the junction of the four beams 25 has an orifice 271, through which the central anchoring rod 3 has passed. The central anchoring rod 3 can be retained in translation at the level of the central orifice 171, for example via a screw head, or using one or more nuts.

According to an example of assembly (not shown) similar to the first embodiment, when laying the structure 1, the reinforcement 15 in pyramidal point formed by the beams 25 can be intended to be laid in the ground. The vertex 27 of the pyramidal point points in the same direction as the end of the central anchor rod 3 intended to be driven into the ground.

Alternatively, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, this reinforcement 15 is intended to be arranged above ground. In this case, the beams 25 are arranged so as to form, in the assembled state, a pyramidal shape whose apex 27 points in a direction opposite to that of the end of the central anchoring rod 3 intended to be pressed onto the ground. In other words, once the structure 1 is in place, the reinforcement 15 or diamond point is arranged at the front of the structure 1, and is directed in a direction opposite to the selected ground.

This type of assembly can be used in cut configurations, in particular to limit earthworks so as not to destabilize the ground.

Furthermore, in addition to the central anchor rod 3, one or more additional reinforcing anchor rods 3′ can be provided.

When they are arranged at the foot of the structure 1, they can be fixed respectively on a support plate 23 as described above, for example intended to be fixed to two adjacent end plates 11, that is to say two neighboring structures 1 when there are several structures 1.

Similarly, at least one additional reinforcing anchor rod 3′ may be provided at the head or top part of the structure 1, depending on the orientation of the elements in FIGS. 9 and 10. The reinforcing anchor rod 3 'Can be fixed on a connecting plate 31 advantageously metallic, also called claw plate. This connecting plate 31 is drilled in the center to allow the attachment of the additional reinforcement anchor rod 3'. This connecting plate 31 is for example intended to be fixed to two neighboring structures 1 when there are several structures 1, for example at the level of the peripheral cables 7. It makes it possible to distribute the load take-up of the anchoring on two structures 1.

Third embodiment

A third embodiment shown in the , differs from the first or second embodiment in that the structure 1 does not comprise a reinforcing armature in the form of a pyramidal point, or diamond point.

This type of mounting without diamond point can be used in cut configurations, especially when there is not enough room.

To compensate for the removal of the diamond point, one or more additional anchors can be provided. To do this, the structure 1 comprises a predetermined number of reinforcing anchor rods 3', in addition to the central anchor rod 3.

The reinforcing anchoring rods 3' can be arranged around the periphery of the structure 1. The reinforcing anchoring rods 3' at the foot of the structure 1 can be fixed respectively to a support plate 23 as described above.

The reinforcing anchor rods 3' at the head or top part of the structure 1 can be fixed respectively to a connecting plate 31 as described above.

In the example shown, structure 1 has five anchor rods 3, 3'. When a plurality of structures 1 are connected, the reinforcing anchor rods 3′ on the periphery can be common for two neighboring structures 1. There are therefore not five anchor rods 3, 3' per structure 1, but each time a reinforcing anchor rod 3' at the periphery contributes to the anchoring of a structure 1 and of the structure 1 neighbor when there is one.

Fourth Embodiment

A fourth embodiment is represented in FIGS. 12 to 18. Only the differences of this fourth embodiment with respect to the first embodiment are detailed below.

According to the fourth embodiment, the central cross 5 is made at least partly of wood. In particular, the structure 1 can be a mixed wood and metal structure. Such a structure 1 partly made of wood allows a more adaptable and softer landscape integration. Preferably, such a partly wooden structure 1 is not arranged in direct contact with the embankment. Pebbles are generally interposed, in order to allow water or other liquid to evacuate and allow structure 1 to dry quickly. This prevents rotting of the wood.

The central cross 5 comprises four bars or beams 51, 52, 53, 54 made of wood. With such wooden bars 51 to 54, the structure 1 is more efficient from an ecological point of view, but also from the point of view of the energy consumption of the raw material.

Such a solution is also particularly suitable for interlocking several central crosses 5 as shown schematically in Figures 12 and 13 with the ends of the bars 51, 52, 53, 54 of a central cross 5 fitting into the housings 115 of the inner side of the bent tubes defining the cable passages 111 at the level of the end plates 11 of another central cross 5, and so on.

In addition, the length of the wooden bars 51 to 54 can be adjusted, shortened, in particular in situ during installation on the site, and their shape can be easily adapted.

Finally, when the structure 1 is visible in the environment in which it is located, these wooden bars 51, 52, 53, 54, which are visible, allow a softer, more pleasant, more elegant integration, because they blend better in a natural environment.

The wooden bars 51, 52, 53, 54 can be assembled to the end plates 11 by advantageously metal parts. These are in particular first end sleeves 33a ( ) inside which are fitted the first ends of the bars 51, 52. The first end sleeves 33a are fixed to the end plates 11, for example by being welded.

The wooden bars 51, 52, 53, 54 can also be assembled to the central plate 13 by advantageously metal parts. These are in particular second end sleeves 33b ( ) inside which are fitted the second ends of the bars 51 to 54 opposite the first ends.

To complement the shape of the junction of the bars 51, 52, 53, 54, the central plate 13 has a general cross shape. It is advantageously also a central metal plate 13. The second end sleeves 33b are fixed to the central plate 13, for example by being welded.

The end sleeves 33a, 33b can be of standard dimensions or be adapted to measure.

Similarly to the first embodiment, the central cross 5 can carry the reinforcement 15 wired via fixing brackets 21.

According to an alternative shown in Figures 16 to 18, the wired reinforcement 15 can be fixed to the end plates 11. This can be advantageous in particular when the structure 1 is of smaller size.

To do this, the end plates 11 respectively comprise at least one fixing lug 35 which is better visible in Figures 17 and 18.

The fixing lug 35 extends for example perpendicular to the plane defined by the end plate 11. It extends on the side of the end plate 11 opposite the ends of the bars 51 - 54.

Such a fixing lug 35 is configured to cooperate with a complementary fixing element of a reinforcement cable 19. The fixing lugs 35 can respectively have an orifice 351 around which a ring for fixing a cable 19 can be attached. In the example shown, there are as many fixing lugs 35 as reinforcement cables 19.

According to yet another embodiment variant not shown, the cabled reinforcement 15 could be replaced by a reinforcement reinforcement according to the second embodiment. An alternative without a diamond point, as described in the third embodiment, could also be envisaged.

Fifth Embodiment

According to a fifth embodiment illustrated in the or 20, structure 1 comprises at least one transverse beam 37, fixed to two successive end plates 11 of structure 1.

This transverse beam 37 is advantageously fixed in the upper part of the structure 1 according to the orientation of the latter once in place. It is intended to be arranged horizontally once structure 1 is in place.

This fifth embodiment can be in addition to one or the other of the previously described embodiments.

The transverse beam 37 is advantageously chosen from the same material as the bars 51, 52 or 51 to 54 forming the central cross 5.

Thus, when it is associated with a metallic structure 1 according to the first three embodiments, the transverse beam 37 is metallic ( ). It can be welded to the end plates 11.

Alternatively, when associated with a partly wooden structure 1 according to the fourth embodiment, the transverse beam 37 is a wooden beam ( ). It can be fixed to the end plates 11 for example by screwing, and/or via end sleeves similar to those of the bars 51 to 54 made of wood.

Such a transverse beam 37 makes it possible to hang, to associate with the structure 1 one or more accessories or equipment, for example of a ski slope, which can be safety devices. Examples include: a protective barrier, a snow barrier, a gooseneck for a safety net for skiers, or even a terrace extension, or a platform for pedestrians, or others.

Such a transverse beam 37 also makes it possible to limit any deformations of the structure 1 at the head of the structure, which can be particularly advantageous when it is surmounted by existing structures.

KITS FOR ASSEMBLY

The elements of one or more structures 1 can be brought in kits for an assembly of the structure 1 or the respective structures 1 on the construction site.

Similar elements of different structures can be stacked. We also talk about packaging.

In particular, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, central crosses 5 of different structures 1 can be stacked. Each central cross 5 can be surrounded by an associated peripheral cable 7 passing through the bent tubes 111 on the end plates 11.

Also, grids of the same size can be stacked. The reinforcements 15 or diamond tips according to the second embodiment ( ) can also be stacked for transport to the construction site, for example. The reinforcement pieces 17 according to the first embodiment can optionally be stacked. Finally, the anchor rods 3, 3' of the same dimensions can be transported together for assembly on site.

The assembly kit also includes all the means of fixing, assembly or even connection, necessary to install one or more structures. These include, but are not limited to, alignment parts, support plates, mounting brackets, connecting plates or claw plates, screwing means (screws, bolts, nuts), etc.

SUPPORT DEVICE

There shows different examples of retaining devices 100 each comprising at least one structure 1 according to one or other of the embodiments described above.

A plurality of structures 1 can be arranged and assembled side by side, to form a support device 100. Alternatively, a single structure 1 can be used to form a support device 100.

One or more lateral reinforcement structures 1' can be assembled to structure 1 or the plurality of structures 1.

The assembly of a structure 1 with another similar neighboring retaining structure 1 or with a lateral reinforcement structure 1' can be done by any suitable means of assembly. For example, the assembly can be done by means of alignment parts 12, support plates 23 fixed to the end plates 11.

Various configurations of retaining device installations 100 are shown in the .

According to a first example of configuration A, the retaining device 100 can be used to create a flat platform in order to deal with an unusable embankment. In order to improve integration into the environment, it is possible to associate a barrier, a balcony, or even to green structure 1.

According to a second example of configuration B, the retaining device 100 can be used as an alternative to a nailed wall, to create temporary or permanent reinforcements during major earthworks, for example for the construction of chalets, buildings or the like.

According to a third example of configuration C, the support device 100 can be used for downstream reinforcement of a ski lift pylon.

According to a fourth example of configuration D, the retaining device 100 can be used for the reinforcement of the downstream or upstream road, cut or embankment, so as to respond to problems of subsidence or road collapse.

According to a fifth example of configuration E, the retaining device 100 can be used as a layout for ski slopes, allowing widening and securing of the ski slopes. Indeed, an additional flat portion can be developed where, without support, the ground would sink into a natural slope. A safety net can be associated with the support device 100 in order to prevent a skier from falling into the plumb formed by means of the support device 100.

According to a sixth example of configuration F, the retaining device 100 can be used for creating a bank above a watercourse.

According to a seventh example of configuration G, the retaining device 100 can be used for the treatment of eroded slopes.

According to an eighth example of configuration H, one or more retaining devices 100 can be used to prevent an avalanche, by being placed regularly on a slope before heavy snowfall. The structures 1 retain the snow which is then deposited instead of the backfill.

Thus, the support structures 1 and consequently the support device 100 can be installed easily, without in particular requiring heavy machinery for driving in the support elements. The mounting hardware required is greatly reduced compared to prior art solutions. The installation can therefore be done in potentially more remote or difficult to access places, and at a lower cost.

The structures 1 according to one or the other of the embodiments described above are lighter than in the known solutions. The ratio between the weight of the structure 1 and the reinforced surface is largely optimized. Such light structures 1 make it possible not to destabilize the ground.

These structures 1 have a high load recovery thanks to the reinforcement reinforcement 15 or diamond point. A prestress can be applied to structures 1. This increases the resistance and limits the deformations of structure 1.

In addition, the environmental impact of such structures 1 is reduced. In particular, CO2 emissions on a typical construction site are greatly reduced, for example compared to a nailed wall. In addition, due to the ease of installation and the reduced weight of the structures 1, the machines used for installation can be reduced, which makes it possible to reduce carbon emissions.

Furthermore, several structural elements 1, in particular the central crosses 5 can be stacked easily while limiting the risk of them slipping during transport.

Finally, the structures 1, in particular when they are partly made of wood, can be modulated and adapted more easily.

Claims (10)

Support structure (1), comprising:

• at least one central anchor rod (3), intended to be driven by one end into a ground to form an anchor,
• at least two bars (51, 52, 53, 54) arranged to form a central cross (5) configured to be crossed by the central anchor rod (3), and
• a frame surrounding the central cross (5),
  characterized in that the bars (51, 52, 53, 54) of the central cross (5) each have two end plates (11) respectively comprising a cable passage (111), and in that the said structure (1 ) comprises at least one peripheral cable (7) arranged around the central cross (5) passing through the cable passages (111), so as to form the frame.

Structure (1) according to the preceding claim, comprising:

• at least one reinforcement piece (17) having a central orifice (171) through which the central anchor rod (3) passes and
• a predefined number of reinforcement cables (19), and
  in which said cables (19) are respectively connected to a bar (51, 52, 53, 54) of the central cross (5) and join at the level of the reinforcing piece (17), being arranged according to a general shape pyramidal tip whose top is the reinforcing piece (17).

Structure (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the reinforcing piece (17) comprises a main face (173) having the central orifice (171) and from which extend a predefined number of fixing tongues (175 ) configured to cooperate with fixing elements (191) complementary to the reinforcing cables (19). Structure (1) according to one of Claims 2 or 3, comprising a predefined number of fixing brackets (21) arranged around the bars (51, 52, 53, 54) of the central cross (5) and comprising respectively at least one assembly member (211) configured to cooperate with a fixing element (191) complementary to a reinforcing cable (19). Structure (1) according to one of Claims 2 or 3, in which the end plates (11) respectively comprise at least one fixing lug (51) configured to cooperate with a fixing element (191) complementary to a reinforcement cable (19). Structure (1) according to one of Claims 2 to 5, in which the reinforcing cables (19) have at their ends fixing elements made in the form of fixing rings (191). Structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the bars (51, 52, 53, 54) of the central cross (5) are metallic or of metallic alloy, in particular steel, or of wood. Structure (1) according to the preceding claim, comprising:

• first end sleeves (33a) fixed to the end plates (11), receiving from the first ends of the bars (51, 52, 53, 54) of said cross (5), and
• second end sleeves (33b) fixed to a central plate (13) arranged in the center of said cross (5), receiving from the second ends of the bars (51, 52, 53, 54) of said cross (5).

Structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one transverse beam (37) fixed to two successive end plates (11). Support device (100), characterized in that it comprises at least one support structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims.