FR3097748A1 - COMPOSITION CONSISTING OF A FATTY ESTER, A FIXING POLYMER, A THICKENING POLYMER AND A LIQUID FATTY BODY - Google Patents

Abstract

Composition comprising a FATTY ESTER, a FIXING POLYMER, A THICKENING POLYMER and a LIQUID FATTY BODY The present invention relates to a composition, in particular a cosmetic, hair composition, comprising one or more fatty esters of carboxylic acid (s) having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and alcohols having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, one or more thickening polymers, one or more fixing polymers and one or more liquid fatty substances. The invention also relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for shaping and / or conditioning keratin fibers, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, and in particular for defining the curls of the hair.

Description

COMPOSITION COMPRISING A FATTY ESTER, A FIXING POLYMER, A THICKENING POLYMER AND A LIQUID GREASY SUBSTANCE

The present invention relates to a composition, in particular a cosmetic composition, in particular hair composition, comprising one or more particular fatty esters, one or more thickening polymers, one or more fixing polymer and one or more liquid fatty substances other than particular fatty esters.

The invention also relates to a process for shaping and/or conditioning keratin fibers, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising at least one step of applying the composition according to the invention to said fibers.

The invention finally relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for shaping and/or conditioning keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, and in particular for defining the curls of the hair.

Many people are unhappy with the way their hair looks, especially people who have curly hair may want to maintain the curls but get better curl definition and smoothness, better movement, and less volume and frizz, even in humid conditions. Additionally, some people find it difficult to control, define and/or style their curly hair.

There is a need to provide compositions which make it possible to simplify the styling routine, in particular for people with curly hair.

In particular, there is a need to provide compositions which make it possible to maintain the curls of the hair while giving them good definition and regularity, and which make it possible to obtain good control of the frizz and of the volume of the hair, which is resistant to moisture, while providing care to the hair, which can persist after several shampoos.

However, the Applicant has now discovered, surprisingly, that a composition comprising the combination of one or more particular fatty esters with one or more fixing polymers, one or more thickening polymers, and one or more different liquid fatty substances particular fatty esters, made it possible to solve the problems mentioned above.

1. un ou plusieurs esters d’acides carboxyliques ayant de 2 à 10 atomes de carbone et d’alcools ayant de 12 à 30 atomes de carbone,
2. - un ou plusieurs polymères fixants,
3. un ou plusieurs polymères épaississants différents des polymères fixants b), et

The subject of the present invention is therefore a composition comprising:

1. one or more esters of carboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and of alcohols having 12 to 30 carbon atoms,
2. - one or more fixing polymers,
3. one or more thickening polymers different from the fixing polymers b), and

d- one or more liquid fatty substances other than esters a).

The Applicant has in particular observed that the composition according to the invention makes it possible to obtain well-defined curls, good control of frizz and volume of the hair, and to confer a beautiful discipline on the hair, these effects also persisting throughout the day, even several days.

In addition, the composition according to the invention provides a conditioning effect to the hair, and in particular makes it possible to impart a pleasant cosmetic feel, in particular a smooth feel, to facilitate disentangling of the hair and to provide shine.

Furthermore, the use of the composition according to the invention makes it possible to improve the persistence of the shaping of the keratin fibers and of the conditioning properties, the shaping, the discipline, the anti-frizz and conditioning properties have a good persistence in humid conditions, and may in particular be persistent with at least one shampoo, in particular with at least 2 shampoos, better still with at least 3 shampoos, or even with at least 4 shampoos

In addition, the composition according to the invention is easily distributed on the hair, in particular on dry hair, to obtain a styling care.

A subject of the invention is also a process for shaping and/or conditioning keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising at least one step of applying to said fibers the composition according to invention.

Other objects, characteristics, aspects and advantages of the invention will appear even more clearly on reading the description and the example which follow.

In the present description, the expression "at least one" is equivalent to the expression "one or more" and can be substituted therefor; the expression "included between" is equivalent to the expression "ranging from" and can be substituted therefor, and implies that the terminals are included.

By "keratin fibers" is meant fibers of human or animal origin such as hair, body hair, eyelashes, eyebrows, wool, angora, cashmere or fur. According to the present invention, the keratin fibers are preferably human keratin fibers, more preferably the hair.

esters of carboxylic acids having 2 to 10 atoms of carbon

The composition according to the invention comprises one or more carboxylic acid esters having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and alcohols having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 24 carbon atoms.

The esters a) according to the invention preferably have the following formula (A):

R1 COOR2 (A)

in which :

R1 denotes a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, optionally mono or polyhydroxylated, having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 9 carbon atoms.

R2 denotes a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, optionally mono or polyhydroxylated, having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, preferentially from 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

R1 preferably denotes a linear alkyl radical having from 5 to 9 carbon atoms, and more particularly chosen from hexyl and heptyl radicals.

R2 preferably denotes a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, more particularly linear and even more particularly chosen from cetyl, stearyl, arachidyl and behenyl radicals.

The esters a) according to the invention which are particularly preferred are stearyl heptanoate, stearyl caprylate, and mixtures thereof.

The composition according to the invention may comprise a total amount of one or more ester(s) a) ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 15% by weight, and more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, better still from 2 to 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

Fixing polymers

The composition according to the present invention also comprises one or more fixing polymers .

The term "fixing polymer" means any polymer capable of conferring a shape on a hair or of maintaining a hair in a given shape.

The fixing polymer(s) used can be chosen from anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic fixing polymers, and mixtures thereof.

Mention may be made, as anionic fixing polymers, of polymers containing groups derived from carboxylic, sulphonic or phosphoric acids, and having a number-average molecular mass of between 500 and 5,000,000.

The carboxylic groups are provided by unsaturated monoacid or dicarboxylic acid monomers such as those corresponding to formula ( I ):

in which

n is an integer from 0 to 10,

A denotes a methylene group, optionally linked to the carbon atom of the unsaturated group or to the neighboring methylene group when n is greater than 1, via a heteroatom such as oxygen or sulfur,

R ₁ denotes a hydrogen atom, a phenyl or benzyl group,

R ₂ denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or carboxyl,

R ₃ denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a –CH ₂ -COOH, phenyl or benzyl group.

In the formula ( I ) above, the alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, can designate in particular the methyl and ethyl groups.

The preferred anionic fixing polymers containing carboxylic or sulphonic groups are:

A) copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or their salts, including copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide and copolymers of methacrylic acid/acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate, in particular AMERHOLD DR 25 marketed by the company AMERCHOL, and sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids. Mention may also be made of methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers, in particular in aqueous dispersion, such as LUVIFLEX SOFT and LUVIMER MAE marketed by the company BASF.

B) Copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acids with a monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene, vinyl esters, acrylic or methacrylic acid esters, optionally grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol, and optionally cross-linked. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patent 1,222,944 and German Application No. 2,330,956, copolymers of this type comprising in their chain an optionally N-alkylated and/or hydroxyalkylated acrylamide unit as described in particular in applications of Luxembourg patents 75370 and 75371. Mention may also be made of copolymers of acrylic acid and of C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl methacrylate.

As another anionic fixing polymer of this family, mention may also be made of the branched block anionic polymer butyl acrylate/acrylic acid/methacrylic acid sold under the name Fixate G-100 L by the company LUBRIZOL (INCI name AMP-ACRYLATES/ALLYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER ).

C) copolymers derived from crotonic acid such as those comprising vinyl acetate or propionate units in their chain, and optionally other monomers such as allylic or methallyl ester, vinyl ether or vinyl ester of a saturated carboxylic acid, linear or branched, with a long hydrocarbon chain, such as those containing at least 5 carbon atoms, these polymers possibly being grafted and crosslinked, or else a vinyl, allyl or methallyl ester of an α- or β-cyclic carboxylic acid. Such polymers are described inter alia in French patent numbers 1,222,944, 1,580,545, 2,265,782, 2,265,781, 1,564,110 and 2,439,798. Commercial products falling into this class are resins 28 29 30, 26 13 14 and 28 13 10 sold by NATIONAL STARCH.

Mention may also be made, as copolymer derived from crotonic acid, of the crotonic acid/vinyl acetate/vinyl tert-butylbenzoate terpolymers and in particular MEXOMERE PW supplied by the company CHIMEX.

D) Polymers derived from maleic, fumaric, itaconic acids or anhydrides with vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, phenylvinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters; these polymers can be esterified. Such polymers are described in particular in US patents 2,047,398, 2,723,248, 2,102,113, patent GB 839,805, and in particular those sold under the names GANTREZ® AN or ES by the company ISP.

Polymers also falling into this class are copolymers of maleic, citraconic, itaconic anhydrides and an allylic or methallyl ester optionally comprising an acrylamide, methacrylamide group, an α-olefin, acrylic or methacrylic esters, acrylic or methacrylic acids or vinylpyrrolidone in their chain, the anhydride functions are monoesterified or monoamidified. These polymers are for example described in French patents 2,350,384 and 2,357,241 of the applicant.

E) Polyacrylamides comprising carboxylate groups.

F) Polymers comprising sulphonic groups. These polymers can be polymers comprising vinylsulfonic, styrene-sulfonic, naphthalene-sulfonic, acrylamido-alkylsulfonic, sulfoisophthalate units.

These polymers can be chosen in particular from:

- salts of polyvinylsulfonic acid having a molecular mass of between approximately 1,000 and 100,000, as well as copolymers with an unsaturated comonomer such as acrylic or methacrylic acids, and their esters, as well as acrylamide or its derivatives, vinyl ethers and vinylpyrrolidone;

- salts of polystyrene sulphonic acid, sodium salts, having a molecular mass of approximately 500,000 and approximately 100,000. These compounds are described in patent FR 2198719;

- polyacrylamide sulphonic acid salts such as those mentioned in US Pat. No. 4,128,631;

G) grafted anionic silicone polymers;

The grafted silicone polymers used are preferably chosen from polymers with a non-silicone organic skeleton grafted with monomers containing a polysiloxane, polymers with a polysiloxane skeleton grafted with non-silicone organic monomers and mixtures thereof.

H) Anionic polyurethanes, which may comprise silicone grafts and silicones with hydrocarbon grafts.

By way of examples of fixing polyurethane, mention may in particular be made of the dimethylolpropionic acid/isophorone-diisocyanate/neopentylglycol/polyesterdiol copolymer (also known as polyurethane-1, INCI name) sold under the Luviset® PUR brand by the company BASF , the dimethylol-propionic acid/isophorone-diisocyanate/neopentylglycol/polyesterdiols/silicone diamine copolymer (also known under the name of polyurethane-6, INCI name) sold under the brand name Luviset® Si PUR A by the company BASF.

As other anionic polyurethane, AVALURE UR 450 can also be used.

It is also possible to use polymers containing sulphoisophthalate groups, such as the polymers AQ55 and AQ48 marketed by the company EASTMAN.

According to the invention, the anionic fixing polymers are preferably chosen from acrylic acid copolymers such as the acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/N-tertiobutylacrylamide terpolymer sold under the name ULTRAHOLD STRONG® by the company BASF, the acid copolymers methacrylic/ethyl acrylate, in particular in aqueous dispersion, such as LUVIFLEX SOFT and LUVIMER MAE marketed by BASF, copolymers derived from crotonic acid such as vinyl acetate/vinyl tert-butylbenzoate/crotonic acid terpolymers and crotonic acid/vinyl acetate/vinyl neododecanoate terpolymers sold under the name Résine 28-29-30 by the company NATIONAL STARCH, polymers derived from maleic, fumaric, itaconic acids or anhydrides with vinyl esters, ethers vinyl compounds, vinyl halides, phenylvinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters such as monoesterified methylvinylether/maleic anhydride copolymer sold under the name GANTREZ® ES 425 by the company ISP, LUVISET SI PUR, MEXOMERE PW, polyurethanes elastomeric anionic polymers or not, polymers containing sulfoisophthalate groups, anionic fixing polymers of family B), and even more particularly the anionic branched block polymer butyl acrylate/acrylic acid/methacrylic acid sold under the name Fixate G- 100 L by the company LUBRIZOL (INCI name AMP-ACRYLATES/ALLYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER).

The cationic fixing polymers that can be used according to the present invention are preferably chosen from polymers comprising primary, secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary amine groups forming part of the polymer chain or directly linked to it, and having a molecular weight of between 500 and about 5,000,000 and preferably between 1,000 and 3,000,000.

Among these cationic fixing polymers, mention may more particularly be made of the following cationic polymers:

- vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers, quaternized or not, such as the products sold under the name "GAFQUAT" by the company ISP, such as for example "GAFQUAT 734" or "GAFQUAT 755" or else the products called "COPOLYMER 845 , 958 and 937". These polymers are described in detail in French patents 2,077,143 and 2,393,573;

- dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers, such as the product sold under the name GAFFIX VC 713 by the company ISP;

- quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide copolymers, such as the product sold under the name “GAFQUAT HS 100” by the company ISP;

- quaternary polymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole such as for example the products marketed under the names Luviquat® FC 905, FC 550 and FC 370 by the company BASF

- vinylamine polymers comprising in their structure:

(a) one or more grounds corresponding to the following formula (A):

(b) optionally one or more units corresponding to the following formula (B):

In other words, these polymers can be chosen in particular from homo- or copolymers comprising one or more units derived from vinylamine and optionally one or more units derived from vinylformamide.

Preferably, these cationic polymers are chosen from polymers comprising, in their structure, from 5 to 100% by moles of units corresponding to formula (A) and from 0 to 95% by moles of units corresponding to formula (B) , preferably from 10 to 100% by moles of units corresponding to formula (A) and from 0 to 90% by moles of units corresponding to formula (B).

These polymers can be obtained for example by partial hydrolysis of polyvinylformamide. This hydrolysis can take place in an acidic or basic medium.

The weight-average molecular mass of said polymer, measured by light diffraction, can vary from 1000 to 3,000,000 g/mole, preferably from 10,000 to 1,000,000 and more particularly from 100,000 to 500,000 g/mole.

The polymers comprising units of formula (A) and optionally units of formula (B) are in particular sold under the name LUPAMIN by the company BASF, such as for example, and in a non-limiting manner, the products offered under the name LUPAMIN 9095 , LUPAMIN 5095, LUPAMIN 1095, LUPAMIN 9030 (or LUVIQUAT 9030) and LUPAMIN 9010;

- polymers with a fatty chain and with a vinylpyrrolidone motif, such as the products sold under the names Styleze W20 and Styleze W10 by the company ISP;

- chitosans or their salts; the salts that can be used are in particular the acetate, lactate, glutamate, gluconate or chitosan pyrrolidone carboxylate.

Among these compounds, mention may be made of chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of 90.5% by weight sold under the name KYTAN BRUT STANDARD by the company ABER TECHNOLOGIES, the chitosan pyrrolidone-carboxylate sold under the name KYTAMER® PC by the company AMERCHOL.

The amphoteric fixing polymers which can be used in accordance with the invention can be chosen from polymers comprising units B and C randomly distributed in the polymer chain where B denotes a unit deriving from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and C denotes a unit deriving from an acid monomer comprising one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups or alternatively B and C can denote groups deriving from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or of sulphobetaines; B and C can also denote a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic group connected via a hydrocarbon group, or indeed B and C are part of a chain of a polymer with an ethylene-dicarboxylic unit, one of the carboxylic groups of which has been caused to react with a polyamine comprising one or more primary or secondary amine groups.

The amphoteric fixing polymers corresponding to the definition given above, which are more particularly preferred, are chosen from the following polymers:

1) polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound bearing a carboxylic group such as more particularly acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha chloroacrylic acid, and a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such as more particularly dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylate and acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl-methacrylamide and acrylamide. Such compounds are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,836,537.

The vinyl compound can also be a dialkyldiallylammonium salt such as diethyldiallylammonium chloride.

2) polymers comprising units deriving from:

a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by an alkyl group,

b) at least one acid comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups, and

c) at least one basic comonomer such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituted esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, and the quaternization product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate.

The more particularly preferred N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides according to the invention are the groups whose alkyl groups contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly N-ethylacrylamide, N-tertiobutylacrylamide, N tertiooctylacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide . N-decylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide and the corresponding methacrylamides.

The acid comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, maleic, fumaric acids as well as alkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of maleic or fumaric acids or anhydrides. The preferred basic comonomers are aminoethyl, butylaminoethyl, N,N' dimethylaminoethyl and N tertio butylaminoethyl methacrylates. Particular use is made of copolymers whose CTFA name (4th Ed, 1991) is Octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, such as the products sold under the name AMPHOMER® or LOVOCRYL® 47 by the company NATIONAL STARCH.

3) partially or totally crosslinked and alkylated polyaminoamides derived from polyaminoamides of general formula ( II ):

( II )

wherein R ₄ represents a divalent group derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, an aliphatic mono or dicarboxylic acid having an ethylenic double bond, an ester of an alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or a group deriving from the addition of any one of said acids with a bis primary or bis secondary derivative amine, and Z denotes a group of a bis primary, mono or bis secondary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents:

a) in the proportions of 60 to 100% by mole, the group ( III )

( III )

where x=2 and p=2 or 3, or else x=3 and p=2

this group being derived from diethylene-triamine, triethylene-tetraamine or dipropylene-triamine;

b) in proportions of 0 to 40% by mole, the group ( IV ) above, in which x=2 and p=1 and which derives from ethylenediamine, or the group derived from piperazine

( IV )

c) in proportions of 0 to 20 mol%, the –NH–(CH ₂ ) ₆ –NH– group deriving from hexamethylenediamine, these polyaminoamines being crosslinked by addition of a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from epihalohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides, unsaturated bis derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 mole of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyaminoamide and alkylated by the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or an alkane-sultone or their salts.

The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as adipic, 2,2,4-trimethyladipic and 2,4,4 trimethyladipic, terephthalic acids, acids with an ethylenic double bond such as, for example, example, acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic acids. The alkane-sultones used in the alkylation are preferably propane- or butane-sultone, the salts of the alkylating agents are preferably the sodium or potassium salts.

4) polymers containing zwitterionic units of formula ( V ):

(V)

in which

R ₅ denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group,

y and z each represent an integer from 1 to 3,

R ₆ and R ₇ represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, ethyl or propyl group,

R ₈ and R ₉ represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group such that the sum of the carbon atoms in R ₁₀ and R ₁₁ does not exceed 10.

The polymers comprising such units can also comprise units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl- or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate, or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides, or vinyl acetate .

5) polymers derived from chitosan comprising monomer units corresponding to the following formulas ( VI ), ( VII ) and ( VIII ):

The unit ( VI ) being present in proportions comprised between 0 and 30%, the unit ( VII ) in proportions comprised between 5 and 50% and the unit ( VIII ) in proportions comprised between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this unit ( VIII ), R ₁₀ represents a group of formula ( IX ):

(IX)

in which if q=0, R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ and R ₁₃ , which are identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino residue, a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue optionally interrupted by one or several nitrogen atoms and/or optionally substituted by one or more amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkylthio or sulphonic groups, an alkylthio residue in which the alkyl group bears an amino residue, at least one of the groups R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ and R ₁₃ being in this case a hydrogen atom;

or if q=1, R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ and R ₁₃ each represent a hydrogen atom, as well as the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids.

6) Polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan.

7) The polymers of units corresponding to the general formula ( X ) described for example in French patent 1,400,366:

(X)

in which R ₁₄ represents a hydrogen atom, a CH ₃ O, CH ₃ CH ₂ O or phenyl group, R ₁₅ denotes hydrogen or a C _1-4 alkyl group such as methyl and ethyl, R ₁₆ denotes hydrogen or a C _1-4 alkyl group such as methyl and ethyl, R ₁₇ denotes a C _1-4 alkyl group such as methyl and ethyl or a group corresponding to the formula: -R ₁₈ -N(R ₁₆ ) ₂ , R ₁₈ representing a group -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ -CH(CH ₃ )-, R ₁₆ having the meanings mentioned above,

as well as higher homologs of these groups and containing up to 6 carbon atoms.

8) Amphoteric polymers of the -D-X-D-X- type chosen from:

a) polymers obtained by the action of chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on compounds comprising at least one unit of formula:

-D-X-D-X-D- (XI)

where D denotes a group

and X denotes the symbol E or E'; E or E', identical or different, denote a bivalent group which is a straight or branched chain alkylene group comprising up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl groups, and which may also comprise oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur atoms, 1 to 3 aromatic and/or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonium, alkylamine, alkenylamine, hydroxyl, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide, alcohol, ester and/or urethane.

b) The polymers of formula:

-D-X-D-X- (XII)

where D denotes a group

and X denotes the symbol E or E' and at least once E'; E having the meaning indicated above and E' is a divalent group which is a straight or branched chain alkylene group having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or not by one or more hydroxyl groups and having one or more several nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an alkyl chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and necessarily comprising one or more carboxyl functions or one or more hydroxyl functions and betainized by reaction with chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate.

9) (C ₁ -C ₅ )alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidation with an N,N dialkylaminoalkylamine such as N,N dimethylaminopropyl-amine or by semiesterification with an N,N-dialkanolamine These copolymers may also comprise other vinyl comonomers such as vinyl caprolactam.

According to a preferred embodiment, the amphoteric fixing polymers which can be used in the invention can be chosen from branched block copolymers, comprising:

(a) nonionic units derived from at least one monomer chosen from C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl (meth)acrylates, N-mono-(C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkyl)-(meth)acrylamides and N,N-di-(C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkyl)-(meth)acrylamide,

(b) anionic units derived from at least one monomer selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and

(c) polyfunctional units derived from at least one monomer comprising at least two polymerizable unsaturated functional groups,

and preferably having a structure consisting of hydrophobic blocks on which are fixed, via the polyfunctional units (c), several more hydrophilic blocks.

Preferably, the amphoteric polymers have at least two glass transition temperatures (Tg) of which at least one is above 20°C and the other is below 20°C.

The preferred amphoteric polymers are the polymers comprising units deriving from:

a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by an alkyl group,

b) at least one acid comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups, and

c) at least one basic comonomer such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituted esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, and the quaternization product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate.

Mention may be made, in particular, of the polymers sold under the name AMPHOMER by the company NATIONAL STARCH.

The nonionic fixing polymers which can be used according to the present invention are chosen, for example, from:

- polyalkyloxazolines,

- vinyl acetate homopolymers,

- vinyl acetate copolymers, such as, for example, copolymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic ester, copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylene, or copolymers of vinyl acetate and maleic ester, for example dibutyl maleate,

- homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic esters, such as, for example, copolymers of alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates, such as the products offered by the company ROHM & HAAS under the names PRIMAL® AC-261 K and EUDRAGIT® NE 30 D, by the company BASF under the name 8845, by the company HOECHST under the name APPRETAN® N9212,

- copolymers of acrylonitrile and of a nonionic monomer chosen, for example, from butadiene and alkyl (meth)acrylates, such as the products offered under the name CJ 0601 B by the company ROHM & HAAS,

- styrene homopolymers,

- styrene copolymers such as, for example, styrene and alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, such as the products MOWILITH® LDM 6911, MOWILITH® DM 611 and MOWILITH® LDM 6070 offered by the company HOECHST, the products RHODOPAS® SD 215 and RHODOPAS® DS 910 offered by RHONE POULENC, copolymers of styrene, alkyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylate, copolymers of styrene and butadiene, or copolymers of styrene, butadiene and vinylpyridine,

- polyamides,

- vinyllactam homopolymers, such as vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers, polyvinylcaprolactam sold under the name Luviskol® PLUS by the company BASF,

- vinyllactam copolymers, such as a poly(vinylpyrrolidone/vinyllactam) copolymer sold under the trade name Luvitec® VPC 55K65W by the company BASF, poly(vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) copolymers such as those marketed under the name PVPVA® S630L by the company ISP, Luviskol® VA 73, VA 64, VA 55, VA 37 and VA 28 by the company BASF, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate/vinyl propionate) terpolymers such as, for example, that marketed under the name Luviskol® VAP 343 by BASF, and

- poly(vinyl alcohol).

The alkyl groups of the nonionic polymers mentioned above preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Preferably, the fixing polymer(s) are chosen from nonionic fixing polymers, cationic fixing polymers, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the fixing polymer(s) are chosen from fixing polymers, cationic fixing polymers such as cationic cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer, such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses, such as hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl - or hydroxypropyl cellulose grafted in particular with a salt of methacryloylethyl trimethylammonium, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium, dimethyl-diallylammonium and mixtures thereof. Even more preferably, a hydroxyethyl cellulose/diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride copolymer will be used.

According to the invention, the total content of the fixing polymer(s) present in the composition is between 0.01 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 5% by weight, and more preferably between 0.1 and 3 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

Thickening polymers

The composition according to the present invention comprises one or more thickening polymers .

By thickening polymer is meant within the meaning of the present invention a polymer which, introduced at 1% by weight into an aqueous or hydroalcoholic solution containing 30% ethanol, and at pH=7, or into an oil chosen from oil petroleum jelly, isopropyl myristate or cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, makes it possible to achieve a viscosity of at least 100 cps (centipoise), in particular at least 200 cps, preferably at least 500 cps, at 25° C. and at a shear rate of 1 s ^-1 . This viscosity can be measured using a cone/plane viscometer (Haake R600 rheometer or the like).

The thickening polymers according to the invention are different from the fixing polymers described above.

The thickening polymers according to the invention can be of natural or synthetic origin. It is also possible to use a mixture of several thickening polymers. They can be chosen from nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric thickening polymers and mixtures thereof.

The thickening polymers can be chosen from thickening acrylic polymers and thickening polysaccharides.

By acrylic polymer is meant within the meaning of the present invention a polymer resulting from a polymerization reaction using one or more monomer(s) of structure:

with R3 denoting a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl radical,

and R4 denoting a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl radical, an NR5R6 radical or a linear or branched C1-C30 alkoxy radical, said radicals being optionally substituted by one or more OH and/or ammonium radical quaternary;

R5 and R6 denoting, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, linear or branched, C1-C30 optionally oxyalkylenated, optionally comprising a sulphonic group.

Preferably R3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical.

The acrylic thickening polymers which can be used in the present invention can be chosen from:

(a) (meth)acrylic associative polymers;
(b) crosslinked homopolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and crosslinked copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and C1-C6 alkyl acrylate;
(c) nonionic homo- and copolymers containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the ester and/or amide type;
(d) ammonium acrylate homopolymers and copolymers of ammonium acrylate and acrylamide;
(e) homopolymers and copolymers of (meth)acrylamido alkyl(C1-C4)sulphonic acids;
(f) cross-linked methacryloyloxy(C1-C4)trialkyl(C1-C4)ammonium homopolymers and copolymers.

By "associative thickening polymer" is meant according to the invention an amphiphilic thickening polymer comprising both hydrophilic units and hydrophobic units, in particular comprising at least one C8-C30 fatty chain and at least one hydrophilic unit.

The (meth)acrylic associative thickening polymers according to the invention can be nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric.

Preferably, the nonionic associative thickening polymers according to the invention are chosen from:

- copolymers of C1-C6 alkyl (meth)acrylates and amphiphilic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain (for example oxyethylenated (C8-C22) alkyl acrylates) such as for example the methyl methacrylate/ oxyethylenated stearyl acrylate sold by the company GOLDSCHMIDT under the name ANTIL 208; And

- copolymers of hydrophilic (meth)acrylates and hydrophobic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain (for example (C8-C22) alkyl (meth)acrylates) such as for example the polyethylene glycol methacrylate/lauryl methacrylate copolymer.

The anionic associative thickening polymers according to the invention can be chosen from those comprising at least one hydrophilic unit of the olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid type, and at least one hydrophobic unit of the unsaturated carboxylic acid (C10-C30) alkyl ester type.

They are preferably chosen from those (i) whose hydrophilic unit of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer of formula (I) below:

in which R ¹ denotes H or CH3 or C2H5, that is to say acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or ethacrylic acid units and (ii) in which the hydrophobic unit of the (C10-C30) alkyl ester type of acid unsaturated carboxylic acid corresponds to the monomer of formula (II) below:

in which R ¹ denotes H or CH3 or C2H5, preferably H or CH3; and R ² denotes a C10-C30, preferably C12-C22, alkyl radical.

Esters of (C10-C30) alkyls of unsaturated carboxylic acids in accordance with the invention include, for example, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, and the corresponding methacrylates, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate and dodecyl methacrylate.

1. soit de l’acide acrylique et un ou plusieurs esters de formule (III) suivante :

The anionic associative thickening polymers according to the present invention may more particularly denote polymers formed from a mixture of monomers comprising:

1. either acrylic acid and one or more esters of the following formula (III):

in which R ¹ denotes H or CH3; and R ² denotes an alkyl radical having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally a crosslinking agent, such as for example those consisting of 60 to 95% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 4 to 40% by weight of C10-C30 alkyl acrylate (hydrophobic unit), and 0 to 6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer, or those consisting of 96 to 98% by weight of acrylic acid, 1 to 4% by weight of C10-C30 alkyl acrylate and 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer,

(ii) or essentially acrylic acid and lauryl methacrylate, such as that formed from 66% by weight acrylic acid and 34% by weight lauryl methacrylate.

As crosslinking agent, mention may in particular be made of polyallyl ethers such as in particular polyallyl sucrose and polyallylpentaerythritol.

Among the said polymers above, the products sold by the company GOODRICH under the trade names PEMULEN TR1, PEMULEN TR2, CARBOPOL 1382, and even more preferably PEMULEN TR1, and the product sold by the company S.E.P.C. under the name COATEX SX.

Among the anionic amphiphilic polymers with fatty chains, mention may also be made of copolymers comprising among their monomers a carboxylic acid with α,β-monoethylenic unsaturation and an ester of carboxylic acid with α,β-monoethylenic unsaturation and of oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol.

Preferably, these compounds also comprise as monomer an ester of an α,β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and of a C1-C4 alcohol.

By way of examples, mention may be made of ACULYN 22 sold by the company ROHM and HAAS, which is a terpolymer of methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/oxyalkylenated stearyl methacrylate (INCI name Acrylates/Steareth-20 Methacrylate Copolymer), or ACULYN 28 sold by ROHM and HAAS, which is a methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/oxyalkylenated behenyl methacrylate terpolymer (INCI name Acrylates/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer), as well as NOVETHIX L-10 POLYMER sold by Lubrizol.

As anionic amphiphilic polymers with fatty chains, mention may also be made of the copolymer methacrylic acid/methyl acrylate/ethoxylated alcohol dimethylmetaisopropenylbenzylisocyanate, sold in particular under the name VISCOPHOBE DB 1000 by the company AMERCHOL.

Mention may also be made, as anionic amphiphilic polymers with fatty chains, of those comprising at least one acrylic monomer containing sulphonic group(s), in free or partially or totally neutralized form and comprising at least one hydrophobic part.

The hydrophobic part present in the polymers of the invention preferably comprises from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferentially from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and more particularly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Preferably, the sulphonic polymers in accordance with the invention are partially or totally neutralized by an inorganic base (soda, potash, ammonia) or an organic base such as mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine, an aminomethylpropanediol, N -methyl-glucamine, basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine, and mixtures of these compounds.

The sulphonic amphiphilic polymers in accordance with the invention generally have a number-average molecular weight (Mn) ranging from 1,000 to 20,000,000 g/mole, preferably ranging from 20,000 to 5,000,000, and preferentially from 100,000 to 1,500 000 g/mole.

The sulphonic amphiphilic polymers according to the invention can be crosslinked or not crosslinked. Preferably, crosslinked amphiphilic polymers are chosen.

When they are crosslinked, the crosslinking agents can be chosen from polyolefinically unsaturated compounds commonly used for crosslinking polymers obtained by radical polymerization. Mention may be made, for example, of divinylbenzene, diallyl ether, dipropylene glycol-diallyl ether, polyglycol-diallyl ethers, triethyleneglycol-divinyl ether, hydroquinone-diallyl-ether, diacrylatedi(meth)acrylate of ethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol , trimethylol propane triacrylate, methylene-bis-acrylamide, methylene-bis-methacrylamide, triallylamine, triallylcyanurate, diallylmaleate, tetraallylethylenediamine, tetra-allyloxy-ethane, trimethylolpropane-diallyl ether, (meth)acrylate d allyl, allyl ethers of alcohols of the sugar series, or other allyl- or vinyl-ethers of polyfunctional alcohols, as well as allyl esters of derivatives of phosphoric and/or vinylphosphonic acid, or mixtures of these compounds.

More particularly, methylene-bis-acrylamide, allyl methacrylate or trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) will be used. The degree of crosslinking generally varies from 0.01 to 10% by mole and more particularly from 0.2 to 2% by mole relative to the polymer.

The acrylic monomers containing sulfonic group(s) are chosen in particular from (meth)acrylamido(C ₁ -C ₂₂ )alkylsulfonic acids, N-(C ₁ -C ₂₂ )alkyl(meth)acrylamido(C ₁ -C ₂₂ )alkylsulphonics such as undecyl-acrylamido-methane-sulphonic acid as well as their partially or totally neutralized forms.

More preferably, (meth)acrylamido(C ₁ -C ₂₂ )alkylsulphonic acids such as for example acrylamido-methane-sulphonic acid, acrylamido-ethane-sulphonic acid, acrylamido-propane-sulphonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid, methacrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-n-butane-sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2,4,4- trimethylpentane-sulfonic, 2-methacrylamido-dodecyl-sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2,6-dimethyl-3-heptane-sulfonic acid as well as their partially or totally neutralized forms.

More particularly, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as well as its partially or totally neutralized forms will be used.

The amphiphilic polymers in accordance with the invention may in particular be chosen from random amphiphilic polymers of AMPS modified by reaction with an n-monoalkylamine or a C ₆ -C ₂₂ di-n-alkylamine, and such as those described in the application patent WO00/31154 (forming an integral part of the content of the description). These polymers may also contain other ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomers chosen, for example, from (meth)acrylic acids, their β-substituted alkyl derivatives or their esters obtained with monoalcohols or mono- or polyalkylene glycols, (meth)acrylamides , vinylpyrrolidone, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid or maleic acid or mixtures of these compounds.

The preferred polymers of the invention are chosen from amphiphilic copolymers of AMPS and of at least one hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one hydrophobic part having from 8 to 50 carbon atoms and more preferentially from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. carbon and even more preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and more particularly 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

These same copolymers may also contain one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers not comprising a fatty chain such as (meth)acrylic acids, their β-substituted alkyl derivatives or their esters obtained with monoalcohols or mono- or poly-alkylene glycols, (meth)acrylamides, vinylpyrrolidone, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid or maleic acid or mixtures of these compounds.

The ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomers of these particular copolymers are preferably chosen from the acrylates or the acrylamides of formula (IV) below:

in which R1 and R3, which are identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl radical (preferably methyl); Y denotes O or NH; R2 denotes a hydrocarbon radical comprising at least 8 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms, even better still 6 to 18 carbon atoms and more particularly 12 to 18 carbon atoms x denotes a number of moles of alkylene oxide and ranges from 0 to 100.

The radical R2 is preferably chosen from C alkyl radicals₆-VS₁₈linear (e.g. n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, n-dodecyl), branched or cyclic (e.g. cyclododecane (C₁₂) or adamantane (C₁₀)); C perfluorinated alkyl radicals₆-VS₁₈(for example the group of formula –(CH₂)₂-(CF₂)₉-CF₃) ; the cholesterol radical (C₂₇) or a cholesterol ester residue such as the cholesteryl oxyhexanoate group; polycyclic aromatic groups such as naphthalene or pyrene. Among these radicals, the linear alkyl radicals and more particularly the n-dodecyl radical are more particularly preferred.

According to a particularly preferred form of the invention, the monomer of formula (IV) comprises at least one alkylene oxide unit (x≥1) and preferably a polyoxyalkylenated chain. The polyoxyalkylenated chain preferably consists of ethylene oxide units and/or propylene oxide units and even more particularly consists of ethylene oxide units. The number of oxyalkylenated units generally varies from 3 to 100, preferentially from 3 to 50 and even more preferentially from 7 to 25.

Among these polymers, we can mention:

- crosslinked or non-crosslinked copolymers, neutralized or not, comprising from 15 to 60% by weight of AMPS units and from 40 to 85% by weight of units
(C ₈ -C ₁₆ )alkyl(meth)acrylamide or (C ₈ -C ₁₆ )alkyl(meth)acrylate units relative to the polymer, such as those described in application EP-A750 899;

- terpolymers comprising from 10 to 90% by mole of acrylamide units, from 0.1 to 10% by mole of AMPS units and from 5 to 80% by mole of
n-(C ₆ -C ₁₈ )alkylacrylamide units, such as those described in US Pat. No. 5,089,578.

Mention may also be made of copolymers of fully neutralized AMPS and of dodecyl methacrylate as well as non-crosslinked and crosslinked copolymers of AMPS and n-dodecylmethacrylamide, such as those described in the articles by Morishima cited above.

Mention will be made more particularly of the copolymers consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) units of formula (V) below:

wherein X ⁺ is a proton, an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth cation or the ammonium ion,

and units of the following formula (VI):

in which x denotes an integer varying from 3 to 100, preferably from 5 to 80 and preferably from 7 to 25; R1 has the same meaning as given above in formula (IV) and R4 denotes a linear or branched C alkyl₆-VS₂₂and preferably in C₁₀-VS₂₂.

Particularly preferred polymers are those for which x=25, R1 denotes methyl and R4 represents n-dodecyl; the polymers for which X ⁺ denotes sodium or ammonium are more particularly preferred.

The cationic associative thickening polymers according to the present invention can be chosen from polyacrylates with amine side groups.

Polyacrylates with amino side groups, quaternized or not, have for example hydrophobic groups of the steareth-20 type (stearyl alcohol with 20 moles of ethylene oxide) or alkyl (C10-C30)PEG-20 itaconate.

As examples of polyacrylates with amino side chains, mention may be made of the polymers 8781-124B or 9492-103 or STRUCTURE PLUS from the company NATIONAL STARCH.

The amphoteric associative thickening polymers according to the invention can be chosen from copolymers of methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride/acrylic acid/C10-C30 alkyl methacrylate, the alkyl radical preferably being a stearyl radical.

(b) Among the crosslinked homopolymers of (meth)acrylic acid, mention may be made of the products sold under the names CARBOPOLS 980, 981, 954, 2984 and 5984 by the company GOODRICH or the products sold under the names SYNTHALEN M and SYNTHALEN K by the company 3 VSA.

Among the crosslinked copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and C1-C6 alkyl acrylate, mention may be made of the product sold under the name VISCOATEX 538C by the company COATEX which is a crosslinked copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate in aqueous dispersion with 38% Active Material or the product sold under the name ACULYN 33 by the company ROHM & HAAS which is a crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate in aqueous dispersion at 28% of Active Material. Mention may more particularly be made of the crosslinked methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymer in the form of a 30% aqueous dispersion manufactured and sold under the name CARBOPOL AQUA SF-1 by the company NOVEON.

(c) Among the nonionic homopolymers or copolymers containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the ester and/or amide type, mention may be made of the products sold under the names CYANAMER P250 by the company CYTEC (polyacrylamide); PMMA MBX-8C by US COSMETICS (methyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer); ACRYLOID B66 by RHOM & HAAS (butyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer); BPA 500 by the company KOBO (polymethyl methacrylate).

(d) Among the ammonium acrylate homopolymers, mention may be made of the product sold under the name MICROSAP PAS 5193 by the company HOECHST.

Among the copolymers of ammonium acrylate and acrylamide, mention may be made of the product sold under the name BOZEPOL C NOUVEAU or the product PAS 5193 sold by the company HOECHST.

(e) The homo- or copolymers of (meth)acrylamido-(C1-C4)-alkylsulfonic acids are preferably crosslinked. More particularly, they are partially or totally neutralized. They are water-soluble or water-swellable polymers.

Among these polymers, mention may be made in particular of:

-polyacrylamido-methane-sulfonic acid,
-polyacrylamido-ethane-sulfonic acid,
-polyacrylamido-propane-sulfonic acid,
-poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid,
-poly-2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid,
-poly-2-acrylamido-n-butane-sulfonic acid.

Polymers of this type and in particular crosslinked and partially or completely neutralized poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acids are known, described and prepared in patent application DE-19625810.

They are generally characterized by the fact that they include, randomly distributed:

- from 90 to 99.9% by weight of units of formula (A):

in which X ⁺ denotes a cation or a mixture of cations, including H+, and

- From 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one crosslinking unit having at least two olefinic double bonds, the proportions by weight being defined relative to the total weight of the polymer.

Preferably, the crosslinked and neutralized poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid comprises from 98 to 99.5% by weight of units of formula (A) and from 0.5 to 2% by weight of crosslinking units .

Preferably, X ⁺ represents a cation or a mixture of cations chosen in particular from a proton, an alkali metal cation, a cation equivalent to that of an alkaline-earth metal or the ammonium ion.

Preferably, the crosslinking units having at least two olefinic double bonds are chosen from dipropylene glycol-diallyl ether, polyglycol-diallyl ethers, triethyleneglycol-divinyl ether, hydroquinone-diallyl-ether, tetra-allyl-oxyethane or other allyl- or vinyl-ethers of polyfunctional alcohols, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, triallylamine, trimethylolpropane-diallyl ether, methylene-bis-acrylamide or divinylbenzene.

The crosslinking units having at least two olefinic double bonds are more particularly chosen from those of general formula (B) below:

in which R ₁ denotes a hydrogen atom or a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl and more particularly methyl (trimethylol propane triacrylate).

Cross-linked and partially or completely neutralized poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acids are generally known under the names "Ammonium Polycrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate" or even "Ammonium Polyacryldimethyltauramide" (I.N.C.I. name).

A particularly preferred product according to the invention is that sold by the company CLARIANT under the trade name HOSTACERIN AMPS; it is a poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid crosslinked and partially neutralized by ammonia.

(f) Among the crosslinked homo- or co-polymers of methacryloyloxyalkyl (C1-C4) trialkyl (C1-C4) ammonium, mention may be made of the polymers obtained by homopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, the homo- or copolymerization being followed by cross-linking with an olefinically unsaturated compound, in particular methylene-bis-acrylamide. Mention may more particularly be made of the crosslinked acrylamide/methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer (in particular 20/80 by weight), in particular in the form of a dispersion containing 50% by weight of the said copolymer in mineral oil. This dispersion is in particular marketed under the name of SALCARE® SC 92 by the company CIBA. Mention may also be made of the crosslinked homopolymer of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, in particular in the form of a dispersion containing approximately 50% by weight of the homopolymer in mineral oil or in a liquid ester. These dispersions are sold under the names SALCARE® SC 95 and SALCARE® SC 96 by the company CIBA. Such polymers have the INCI name Polyquaternium-37.

Among the acrylic thickening polymers capable of being used in the present invention, one or more acrylic thickening polymers of the family f), more preferably chosen from the crosslinked homo or copolymers of salts (in particular chloride) of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium will preferably be used. , best among cross-linked homopolymers of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride.

As indicated above, the thickening polymers according to the invention can be selected from thickening polysaccharides.

The thickening polysaccharides according to the invention can be of natural or synthetic origin. They can be nonionic, anionic, amphoteric or cationic.

The basic units of the polysaccharides of the invention can be mono- or disaccharides. The units likely to enter into the composition of the polysaccharides of the invention are preferably derived from the following sugars: glucose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, xylose, fucose, fructose, anhydrogalactose.

Mention may in particular be made, as thickening polysaccharides capable of being used, of the following polymers, as well as their derivatives:

- guar gum (polymer of mannose and galactose)
- locust bean gum (polymer of mannose and galactose)
- fenugreek gum (polymer of mannose and galactose)
- tamarind gum (polymer of galactose, xylose and glucose)
- konjac gum (polymer of glucose and mannose),
- scleroglucan gum (polymer of glucose),
- cellulose (polymer of glucose)
- starch (polymer of glucose)
- inulin (polymer of fructose and glucose).

These polymers can be modified physically or chemically. By way of physical treatment, mention may be made in particular of the temperature. Examples of chemical treatments include esterification, etherification, amidification and oxidation reactions. These treatments lead to polymers which may be nonionic, cationic or amphoteric.

The nonionic guar gums that can be used according to the invention can be modified with C1-C6 hydroxylakyl groups. Among the hydroxyalkyl groups, mention may be made of hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups. These guar gums are well known in the state of the art and can for example be prepared by reacting corresponding alkene oxides such as for example propylene oxides with guar gum, so as to obtain a guar modified with hydroxypropyl groups. The degree of hydroxyalkylation preferably varies from 0.4 to 1.2 and corresponds to the number of molecules of alkylene oxide consumed by the number of free hydroxyl functions present on the guar gum. Such nonionic guar gums optionally modified with hydroxyalkyl groups are, for example, sold under the trade names JAGUAR HP8, JAGUAR HP60 and JAGUAR HP120 by the company RHODIA CHIMIE.

The guar gums modified with cationic groups which can more particularly be used according to the invention are guar gums comprising cationic trialkylammonium groups. Preferably, 2 to 30% by number of the hydroxyl functions of these guar gums carry cationic trialkyammonium groups. Even more preferentially, 5 to 20% of the number of hydroxyl functions of these guar gums are connected by cationic trialkyammonium groups. Among these trialkylammonium groups, mention may very particularly be made of trimethylammonium and triethylammonium groups. Even more preferentially, these groups represent from 5 to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the modified guar gum. According to the invention, it is possible to use guar gums modified with 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride. These guar gums modified with cationic groups are products already known per se and are for example described in US Pat. Nos. 3,589,578 and US Pat. , JAGUAR C 15, JAGUAR C 17 by the company RHODIA CHIMIE.

As modified locust bean gum, it is possible to use cationic locust bean gum containing hydroxypropyltrimmonium groups such as Catinal CLB 200 offered by the company TOHO.

The starch molecules used in the present invention may originate from all plant sources of starch, in particular cereals and tubers; more particularly, it may be corn, rice, cassava, barley, potato, wheat, sorghum, pea, oat or tapioca starches. It is also possible to use the hydrolysates of the starches mentioned above or other starch derivatives. The starch is preferably derived from potato. Starches can be modified chemically or physically, in particular by one or more of the following reactions: pregelatinization, oxidation, crosslinking, esterification, etherification, amidification, heat treatments.

More specifically, these reactions can be carried out as follows:

- pre-gelatinization by breaking up the starch granules (eg drying and cooking in a drying drum);

- oxidation by strong oxidants leading to the introduction of carboxyl groups into the starch molecule and to the depolymerization of the starch molecule (for example by treating an aqueous solution of starch with sodium hypochlorite);

- cross-linking by functional agents capable of reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the starch molecules which will thus be bonded together (for example with glyceryl and/or phosphate groups);

- esterification in an alkaline medium for the grafting of functional groups, in particular acyl in C1-C6 (acetyl), hydroxyalkylated in C1-C6 (hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl), carboxymethyl, octenylsuccinic.

Among the starch derivatives, mention may in particular be made of dextrins.

According to the invention, it is also possible to use amphoteric starches, comprising one or more anionic groups and one or more cationic groups. The anionic and cationic groups can be linked to the same reactive site of the starch molecule or to different reactive sites; preferably they are linked to the same reactive site. The anionic groups can be of the carboxylic, phosphate or sulphate type, and preferably carboxylic. The cationic groups can be of the primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine type.

The amphoteric starches are chosen in particular from the compounds of the following formulas:

in which :

St-O represents a starch molecule,

R, identical or different, represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical,

R', identical or different, represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl radical or a -COOH group,

n is an integer equal to 2 or 3,

M, identical or different, denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as Na, K, Li, NH4, a quaternary ammonium or an organic amine,

R" represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C18 alkyl radical.

The starches of formulas (IIa) or (IIIa) are particularly used; and preferably starches modified with 2-chloroethylaminodipropionic acid, that is to say starches of formula (IIa) or (IIIa) in which R, R', R" and M represent a hydrogen atom and n is 2. The preferred amphoteric starch is a starch chloroethylamido dipropionate.

Cellulose and cellulose derivatives can be cationic, amphoteric or nonionic. Among these derivatives, mention may be made of cellulose ethers, cellulose esters and cellulose ether esters.

Among the nonionic cellulose ethers, mention may be made of alkylcelluloses such as methylcelluloses and ethylcelluloses (for example Ethocel standard 100 Premium from DOW CHEMICAL); hydroxyalkylcelluloses such as hydroxymethylcelluloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses (for example Natrosol 250 HHR offered by AQUALON) and hydroxypropylcelluloses (for example Klucel EF from AQUALON); mixed hydroxyalkyl-alkylcelluloses such as hydroxypropyl-methylcelluloses (for example Methocel E4M from DOW CHEMICAL), hydroxyethyl-methylcelluloses, hydroxyethyl-ethylcelluloses (for example Bermocoll E 481 FQ from AKZO NOBEL) and hydroxybutyl-methylcelluloses.

Among the cationic cellulose ethers, mention may be made of crosslinked or non-crosslinked quaternized hydroxyethyl celluloses. The quaternizing agent may in particular be diallyldimethylammonium chloride (for example Celquat L200 from NATIONAL STARCH). As another cationic cellulose ether, mention may be made of hydroxyethyl cellulose hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium (for example Ucare polymer JR 400 from AMERCHOL).

Thickening polysaccharides can be associative. Mention may in particular be made of celluloses or their derivatives, modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain such as alkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl groups or mixtures thereof where the alkyl groups are C8-C22; nonionic alkylhydroxyethylcelluloses such as the products NATROSOL PLUS GRADE 330 CS and POLYSURF 67 (C16 alkyl) sold by the company AQUALON; quaternized (cationic) alkylhydroxyethylcelluloses such as the products QUATRISOFT LM 200, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18-A, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18-B (C12 alkyl) and QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-8 (C18 alkyl ) sold by the company AMERCHOL, the products CRODACEL QM, CRODACEL QL (C12 alkyl) and CRODACEL QS (C18 alkyl) sold by the company CRODA and the product SOFTCAT SL 100 sold by the company AMERCHOL; nonionic nonoxynylhydroxyethylcelluloses such as the product AMERCELL HM-1500 sold by the company AMERCHOL; nonionic alkylcelluloses such as the product BERMOCOLL EHM 100 sold by the company BEROL NOBEL.

As associative thickening polysaccharides derived from guar, mention may be made of hydroxypropylguars modified with a fatty chain such as the product ESAFLOR HM 22 (modified with a C22 alkyl chain) sold by the company LAMBERTI; the product MIRACARE XC 95-3 (modified by a C14 alkyl chain) and the product RE 205-146 (modified by a C20 alkyl chain) sold by RHODIA CHIMIE.

Preferably, the thickening polymers according to the invention are chosen from, alone or as a mixture,:

- nonionic polysaccharides, in particular chosen from celluloses and their derivatives;

- crosslinked homopolymers of (meth)acrylic acid, and crosslinked copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and C1-C6 alkyl acrylate, in particular ethyl.

Preferably, the thickening polymers according to the invention are chosen from cationic thickening polymers.

Preferably, the thickening polymers according to the invention are chosen from acrylic thickening polymers, alone or as a mixture,

Cationic thickening polymers are most particularly preferred, in particular crosslinked polymers of methacryloyloxyalkyl(C1-C4)trialkyl(C1-C4)ammonium salts such as the polymers obtained by homopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, the homo- or copolymerization being followed by cross-linking with an olefinically unsaturated compound, in particular methylene bisacrylamide; and their mixtures. Particularly preferred thickening polymers are crosslinked homo or copolymers of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, better still crosslinked homopolymers of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride. .

The composition according to the invention may comprise the thickened polymer(s) (c) in a total amount ranging from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 4% by weight, or even 0.5 to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

In particular, the composition according to the invention may comprise one or more cationic thickening polymers in a total amount ranging from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 4 % by weight, or even from 0.5 to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

Liquid fatty substances

The composition according to the present invention comprises one or more liquid fatty substances other than the esters described in a).

By "fat" is meant an organic compound insoluble in water at ordinary room temperature (25 ° C) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg or 1.013.10 ⁵ Pa), having a solubility in water of less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, and even more preferably less than 0.1% by weight. They have in their structure at least one hydrocarbon chain comprising at least 6 carbon atoms or a sequence of at least two siloxane groups. In addition, fatty substances are generally soluble in organic solvents under the same temperature and pressure conditions, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran ( THF), vaseline oil or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. The fatty substances of the invention are not etherified by oxyalkylenated or glycerolated groups. Preferably, they do not contain any COOH carboxylic acid function in their structure.

By "liquid" is meant a liquid compound at a temperature of 30° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg, ie 1.013.10 ⁵ Pa). Preferably, this compound has a viscosity of less than or equal to 2 Pa.s, preferably less than or equal to 1 Pa.s, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1 Pa.s measured at a temperature of 25° C. and at a rate shear of 1 s ^-1 .

By "hydrocarbon" is meant a compound comprising only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

By "fatty alcohol" is meant an aliphatic alcohol, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, non-glycerolated and non-oxyalkylenated, comprising from 8 to 40 carbon atoms and comprising at least one hydroxyl group OH.

By "fatty acid" is meant a compound comprising at least one carboxylic acid function, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

By "fatty ester" is meant a fatty acid and/or fatty alcohol ester.

By “fatty ether”, is meant a compound comprising at least one ether function, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, comprising at least one hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

By "non-silicone" is meant a compound whose structure does not include a silicon atom and therefore does not include in particular a siloxane group.

In particular, the fatty substances of the invention are not (poly)oxyalkylenated or (poly)glycerolated ethers.

By “ oil ” is meant a “ fatty substance ” which is liquid at room temperature (25° C.), and at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg or 1.013 10 ⁵ Pa).

The term “ non-silicone oil or fatty substance ” means an oil or a fatty substance not containing any silicon (Si) atom and a “ silicone oil or fatty substance ” an oil or a fatty substance containing at least one silicon atom .

More particularly, the fatty substances are chosen from liquid C ₆ -C ₁₆ hydrocarbons, liquid hydrocarbons comprising more than 16 carbon atoms, non-silicone oils of animal origin, oils of the triglyceride type of vegetable or synthetic origin , fluorinated oils, liquid fatty alcohols, liquid fatty acid and/or fatty alcohol esters other than triglycerides, liquid fatty ethers, dialkyl carbonates, silicone oils, and mixtures thereof.

It is recalled that the alcohols, esters and fatty acids have more particularly at least one hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, comprising 6 to 30, better still 8 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted, in particular by one or several hydroxyl groups (in particular 1 to 4). If they are unsaturated, these compounds can comprise one to three carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not.

As regards the C ₆ -C ₁₆ liquid hydrocarbons, the latter may be linear or branched, optionally cyclic and preferably are alkanes. By way of example, mention may be made of hexane, cyclohexane, undecane, dodecane, isododecane, tridecane, isoparaffins such as isohexadecane, isodecane, and mixtures thereof.

The linear or branched hydrocarbons, of mineral or synthetic origin, comprising more than 16 carbon atoms, are preferably chosen from paraffin oils, petroleum jelly, petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parléam® 4, and mixtures thereof.

As hydrocarbon oils of animal origin, mention may be made of perhydrosqualene.

The triglyceride oils of vegetable or synthetic origin are preferably chosen from liquid triglycerides of fatty acids comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, such as triglycerides of heptanoic or octanoic acids or else, for example, sunflower, linseed , olive, safflower, argan, corn germ, wheat germ, soy, pumpkin seeds, grape seeds, sesame, hazelnut, apricot kernels, macadamia, arara, sunflower, castor, avocado, triglycerides of caprylic/capric acids such as those sold by the company Stearineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol® 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, the shea butter oil, and mixtures thereof.

As regards the fluorinated oils, these may be chosen from perfluoromethylcyclopentane and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, sold under the names " ^FLUTEC® PC1" and " ^FLUTEC® PC3" by the company BNFL Fluorochemicals; perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane; perfluoroalkanes such as dodecafluoropentane and tetradecafluorohexane, sold under the names "PF ^5050® " and "PF ^5060® " by the company 3M, or else bromoperfluorooctyl sold under the name " ^FORALKYL® " by the company Atochem; nonafluoro-methoxybutane and nonafluoroethoxyisobutane; perfluoromorpholine derivatives, such as 4-trifluoromethyl perfluoromorpholine sold under the name "PF ^5052® " by the company 3M.

Liquid fatty alcohols

The liquid fatty alcohols of the invention can be saturated or unsaturated.

Liquid saturated fatty alcohol(s)

The liquid saturated fatty alcohols are preferably branched. They may optionally include in their structure at least one aromatic ring or not. Preferably, they are acyclic.

More particularly, the liquid saturated fatty alcohols of the invention are chosen from 2-octyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-butyl octanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol. Octyldodecanol is most particularly preferred.

Liquid unsaturated fatty alcohol(s)

Liquid unsaturated fatty alcohols have in their structure at least one double or triple bond.

Preferably, they have in their structure one or more double bonds. When several double bonds are present, they are preferably 2 or 3 in number and they may or may not be conjugated.

Liquid unsaturated fatty alcohols can be linear or branched. They may optionally include in their structure at least one aromatic ring or not. Preferably, they are acyclic.

More particularly, the liquid unsaturated fatty alcohols of the invention are can be chosen from oleic (or oleyl) alcohol, linoleic (or linoleyl) alcohol, linolenic (or linolenyl) alcohol, undecylenic alcohol and their mixtures.

Fatty esters

With regard to liquid esters of fatty acids and/or fatty alcohols, different from the triglycerides mentioned before and from the fatty esters a) previously described; mention may in particular be made of esters of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono or polyacids, linear C ₁ -C ₂₆ or branched C ₃ -C ₂₆ and of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono or polyalcohols, linear C ₁ -C ₂₆ or branched C ₃ -C ₂₆ , the total carbon number of the esters being greater than or equal to 10.

Preferably, for monoalcohol esters, at least one of the alcohol or acid from which the esters of the invention are derived is branched and/or unsaturated.

Among the monoesters, mention may be made of dihydroabietyl behenate; octyldodecyl behenate; isocetyl behenate; decyl oleate; isocetyl isostearate; isocetyl laurate; isocetyl stearate; isodecyl octanoate; isodecyl oleate; isononyl isononanoate; isostearyl palmitate; methyl acetyl ricinoleate; octyl isononanoate; 2-ethylhexyl isononate; octyldodecyl erucate; oleyl erucate; ethyl and isopropyl palmitates, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as 2-octyldodecyl isopropyl myristate, isobutyl stearate; 2-hexyldecyl laurate, and mixtures thereof ]

Preferably, among the monoesters of monoacids and monoalcohols, use will be made of ethyl and isopropyl palmitates, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl or ethyl myristate, isocetyl stearate, isononanoate of ethyl-2-hexyl, isodecyl neopentanoate, and isononyl isononanoate and mixtures thereof.

Still in the context of this variant, it is also possible to use the esters of C ₄ -C ₂₂ di or tricarboxylic acids and of C ₁ -C ₂₂ alcohols and the esters of mono di or tricarboxylic acids and of C 1 -C 22 alcohols. C ₂ -C ₂₆ di, tri, tetra or pentahydroxy.

Mention may in particular be made of: diethyl sebacate; diisopropyl sebacate; diisopropyl adipate; di n-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate; dioctyl maleate; glyceryl undecylenate; octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate; pentaerythrityl monoricinoleate; pentaerythrityl tetraisononanoate; pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate; pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetraoctanoate; propylene glycol dicaprylate; propylene glycol dicaprate, tridecyl erucate; triisopropyl citrate; glyceryl trilactate; glyceryl trioctanoate; propylene glycol dioctanoate; neopentyl glycol diheptanoate; diethylene glycol diisanonate; and polyethylene glycol distearates, and mixtures thereof.

The composition may also comprise, as fatty ester, esters and di-esters of fatty acid sugars in C₆-VS_30,preferably in VS₁₂-VS₂₂. It is recalled that the term "sugar», oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds which have several alcohol functions, with or without aldehyde or ketone function, and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms. These sugars can be monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

Suitable sugars include, for example, sucrose (or sucrose), glucose, galactose, ribose, fucose, maltose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, lactose, and derivatives thereof. in particular alkylated, such as methylated derivatives such as methylglucose.

The esters of sugars and of fatty acids can be chosen in particular from the group comprising the esters or mixtures of esters of sugars described previously and of C fatty acids₆-VS_30,preferably in VS₁₂-VS₂₂, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. If they are unsaturated, these compounds can comprise one to three carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not.

The esters according to this variant can also be chosen from mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-esters, polyesters and mixtures thereof.

These esters can be for example oleate, laurate, palmitate, myristate, behenate, cocoate, stearate, linoleate, linolenate, caprate, arachidonates, or their mixtures such as in particular the mixed oleo-palmitate, oleo-stearate, palmito-stearate esters.

More particularly, the mono- and di-esters and in particular the mono- or di-oleate, stearate, behenate, oleopalmitate, linoleate, linolenate, oleostearate, of sucrose, of glucose or of methylglucose, and mixtures thereof, are used.

Mention may be made, by way of example, of the product sold under the name Glucate® DO by the company Amerchol, which is a methylglucose dioleate.

Fatty ethers

The liquid fatty ethers can be chosen from liquid dialkyl(C1-C12)ethers such as dicaprylyl ether.

Silicones

The silicones which can be used in the composition of the present invention are volatile or non-volatile, cyclic, linear or branched silicones, modified or not by organic groups, having a viscosity of 5.10 ^-6 at 2.5 m ² /s at 25° C and preferably 1.10-5 at 1m ² /s.

The silicones which can be used in accordance with the invention can be in the form of oils.

Preferably, the silicone is chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and organo-modified polysiloxanes comprising at least one functional group chosen from poly(oxyalkylene) groups, amino groups and alkoxy groups.

The organopolysiloxanes are defined in more detail in Walter NOLL's work "Chemistry and Technology of Silicones" (1968), Academie Press. They can be volatile or non-volatile.

1. les polydialkylsiloxanes cycliques comportant de 5 à 7 atomes de silicone,. Il s'agit, par exemple, du décaméthylcyclopentasiloxane.

When they are volatile, the silicones are more particularly chosen from those having a boiling point of between 60° C. and 260° C., and more particularly still from:

1. cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes containing from 5 to 7 silicone atoms,. This is, for example, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

(ii) linear volatile polydialkylsiloxanes having 2 to 9 silicon atoms and having a viscosity of less than or equal to 5.10 ^-6 m²/s at 25° C. This is, for example, decamethyltetrasiloxane sold in particular under the name "SH 200" by the company TORAY SILICONE. Silicones falling into this class are also described in the article published in Cosmetics and Toiletries, Vol. 91, Jan. 76, P. 27-32 - TODD & BYERS "Volatile Silicone fluids for cosmetics".

These silicones are more particularly chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, among which there may be mentioned mainly polydimethylsiloxanes containing trimethylsilyl end groups. The viscosity of silicones is measured at 25°C according to ASTM 445 Appendix C.

Mention may also be made of polydimethylsiloxanes with dimethylsilanol end groups known under the name of dimethiconol (CTFAIn this class of polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may also be made of the products marketed under the names "ABIL WAX® 9800 and 9801" by the company GOLDSCHMIDT which are polydialkyl ( C1-C20) siloxanes.

The liquid fatty substances are preferably chosen from C6-C16 alkanes, non-oxyalkylenated C6-C30 fatty alcohols, C6-C30 fatty acid esters, C6-C30 fatty acid triglycerides, esters of C6-C30 fatty alcohol, mineral oils with more than 16 carbon atoms, non-silicone vegetable or synthetic oils, silicones, and mixtures thereof.

According to one embodiment, the liquid fatty substance(s) is or are chosen from C6-C16 alkanes, vegetable oils, C6-C30 fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acid esters and/or C6-C30 fatty alcohols or mixtures thereof.

According to a preferred embodiment, the liquid fatty substance or substances are chosen from C6-C16 alkanes, vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the fatty substances are non-oxyalkylenated or non-glycerolated.

The composition according to the invention may comprise the liquid fatty substance(s) d) other than fatty esters a) in a total content ranging from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 35 % by weight, better still from 15 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

The composition according to the invention can be for cosmetic or pharmaceutical use. Preferably, the composition according to the invention is for cosmetic use. By "cosmetic" is meant in the sense of the invention a composition with a pleasant appearance, smell and feel. Preferably, the composition is for topical application on the skin and the keratin fibres, and more especially on the scalp, the hair and the eyelashes and even better on the hair.

The composition according to the invention may be in the form of an aqueous, alcoholic, aqueous-alcoholic or oily solution or suspension, of an emulsion, of liquid or semi-liquid consistency, obtained by dispersing a fatty phase in an aqueous phase (O/W) or vice versa (W/O), of an aqueous, alcoholic, aqueous-alcoholic or oily (anhydrous) gel.

Preferably, the composition according to the invention is in the form of an emulsion.

Advantageously, the composition according to the invention comprises water, in particular in an amount ranging from 10 to 90% by weight, in particular ranging from 20 to 80% by weight, or even from 40 to 70% by weight, by relative to the total weight of the composition.

Advantageously, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more C2-C4 monoalcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, in particular in an amount ranging from 1 to 60% by weight, in particular ranging from 3 to 40% by weight. , or even from 5 to 30%, better still from 8 to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

The composition according to the invention may further comprise one or more additional organic sol-vants, different from C2-C4 monoalcohols, for example chosen from polyols, in particular those having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, penty-lene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol; and polyol ethers such as 2-butoxyethanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and monomethyl ether; and their mixtures.

The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more surfactants chosen from nonionic, anionic, amphoteric and cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof.

In a particular embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more cationic surfactants.

The cationic surfactant(s) comprise in particular salts of primary, secondary or tertiary fatty amines, optionally polyoxyalkylenated, quaternary ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

As quaternary ammonium salts, mention may in particular be made, for example:

- those corresponding to the following general formula (A4):

(A4)

• R₈à R₁₁, identiques ou différents, représentent un groupe aliphatique, linéaire ou ramifié, comportant de 1 à 30 atomes de carbone, ou un groupe aromatique tel que aryle ou alkylaryle, étant entendu qu’au moins un des groupes R₈à R₁₁comportent de 8 à 30 atomes de carbone, et de préférence de 12 à 24 atomes de carbone ; et
• X^-, représente un contre ion anionique organique ou inorganique, tel que celui choisi parmi les halogénures, acétates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyl(C₁-C₄)sulfates, alkyl(C₁-C₄)- ou alkyl(C₁-C₄)aryl-sulfonates, en particulier méthylsulfate et éthylsulfate.

Formula (A4) in which:

• R ₈ to R ₁₁ , which are identical or different, represent an aliphatic group, linear or branched, containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as aryl or alkylaryl, it being understood that at least one of the groups R ₈ to R ₁₁ contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms; And
• X ^- , represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )sulfates, alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )- or alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )aryl-sulphonates, in particular methylsulphate and ethylsulphate.

The aliphatic groups from R ₈ to R ₁₁ may also comprise heteroatoms such as in particular oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens.

The aliphatic groups from R ₈ to R ₁₁ are for example chosen from C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene (C ₂ -C ₆ ), C 1 -C ₃₀ alkylamide, C ₁ -C 30 alkyl (C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ )amidoalkyl (C ₂ -C ₆ ), alkyl (C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ )acetate, and hydroxyalkyl in C ₁ -C ₃₀ , X ^- is an anionic counter ion chosen from halides, phosphates, acetates , lactates, alkyl(C ₁ -C ₄ )sulfates, alkyl(C ₁ -C ₄ )- or alkyl(C ₁ -C ₄ )aryl sulfonates.

Among the quaternary ammonium salts of formula (A4), preference is given on the one hand to tetraalkylammonium chlorides such as, for example, dialkyldimethylammonium or alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides in which the alkyl group contains approximately 12 to 22 atoms of carbon, in particular behenyl trimethylammonium, distearyldimethyl-ammonium, cetyltrimethylammonium, benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride or, on the other hand, distearoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium methosulfate, dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate or distearoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate, or, finally, palmitylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride or stearamidopropyldimethyl-(myristyl acetate)-ammonium chloride marketed under the name CERAPHYL® 70 by the company VAN DYK;

- the quaternary ammonium salts of imidazoline, such as for example those of formula (A5) below:

(AT 5)

• R₁₂représente un groupe alcényle ou alkyle comportant de 8 à 30 atomes de carbone, par exemple dérivés des acides gras du suif ;
• R₁₃représente un atome d’hydrogène, un groupe alkyle en C₁-C₄ou un groupe alcényle ou alkyle comportant de 8 à 30 atomes de carbone ;
• R₁₄représente un groupe alkyle en C₁-C₄;
• R₁₅représente un atome d’hydrogène, un groupe alkyle en C₁-C₄;
• X^-représente un contre ion anionique organique ou inorganique, tel que celui choisi parmi les halogénures, phosphates, acétates, lactates, alkyl(C₁-C₄)sulfates, alkyl(C₁-C₄)- ou alkyl(C₁-C₄)aryl-sulfonates.

Formula (A5) in which:

• R ₁₂ represents an alkenyl or alkyl group containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, for example derived from tallow fatty acids;
• R ₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkyl group containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms;
• R ₁₄ represents a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group;
• R ₁₅ represents a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group;
• X ^- represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such as that chosen from halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates, alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )sulfates, alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )- or alkyl (C ₁ - C ₄ )arylsulphonates.

Preferably, R ₁₂ and R ₁₃ denote a mixture of alkenyl or alkyl groups containing from 12 to 21 carbon atoms, for example derived from tallow fatty acids, R ₁₄ denotes a methyl group, R ₁₅ denotes a hydrogen atom. Such a product is for example marketed under the name REWOQUAT® W 75 by the company REWO;

- quaternary di- or triammonium salts, in particular of formula (A6) below:

(A6)

• R₁₆désigne un groupe alkyle comportant environ de 16 à 30 atomes de carbone, éventuellement hydroxylé et/ou interrompu par un ou plusieurs atomes d’oxygène ;
• R₁₇est choisi parmi l’hydrogène, un groupe alkyle comportant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone ou un groupe -(CH₂)₃-N⁺(R_16a)(R_17a)(R_18a), X^-;
• R_16a, R_17a, R_18a, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀et R₂₁, identiques ou différents, sont choisis parmi l’hydrogène et un groupe alkyle comportant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone ; et
• X^-, identiques ou différents, représentent un contre ion anionique organique ou inorganique, tels que celui choisi parmi les halogénures, acétates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyl(C₁-C₄)sulfates, alkyl(C₁-C₄)- ou alkyl(C₁-C₄)aryl-sulfonates, en particulier méthylsulfate et éthylsulfate.

Formula (A6) in which:

• R ₁₆ denotes an alkyl group comprising approximately 16 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally hydroxylated and/or interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms;
• R ₁₇ is chosen from hydrogen, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -N ⁺ (R _16a )(R _17a )(R _18a ), X ^- group;
• R _16a , R _17a , R _18a , R ₁₈ , R ₁₉ , R ₂₀ and R ₂₁ , which are identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; And
• X ^- , which are identical or different, represent an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )sulfates, alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )- or (C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl aryl sulphonates, in particular methyl sulphate and ethyl sulphate.

Such compounds are, for example, Finquat CT-P offered by the company FINETEX (Quaternium 89), Finquat CT offered by the company FINETEX (Quaternium 75);

- quaternary ammonium salts containing one or more ester functions, such as those of formula (A7) below:

(A7)

• R₂₂est choisi parmi les groupes alkyles en C₁-C₆et les groupes hydroxyalkyle ou dihydroxyalkyle en C₁-C₆,
• R₂₃est choisi parmi :

Formula (A7) in which:

• R ₂₂ is chosen from C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl groups and C ₁ -C ₆ hydroxyalkyl or dihydroxyalkyl groups,
• R ₂₃ is chosen from:

- the group ,

- C ₁ -C ₂₂ hydrocarbon R ₂₇ groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated,

• R₂₅est choisi parmi :

- the hydrogen atom,

• R ₂₅ is chosen from:

- the group ,

- C ₁ -C ₆ hydrocarbon R ₂₉ groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated,

• R₂₄, R₂₆et R₂₈, identiques ou différents, sont choisis parmi les groupes hydrocarbonés en C₇-C₂₁, linéaires ou ramifiés, saturés ou insaturés ;
• r, s et t, identiques ou différents, sont des entiers valant de 2 à 6,
• r1 et t1 identiques ou différents, valant 0 ou 1 avec r2+r1=2r et t1+t2=2t
• y est un entier valant de 1 à 10,
• x et z, identiques ou différents, sont des entiers valant de 0 à 10,
• X^-représente un contre ion anionique, organique ou inorganique,

- the hydrogen atom,

• R ₂₄ , R ₂₆ and R ₂₈ , which are identical or different, are chosen from C ₇ -C ₂₁ hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated;
• r, s and t, identical or different, are integers from 2 to 6,
• r1 and t1 identical or different, being 0 or 1 with r2+r1=2r and t1+t2=2t
• y is an integer from 1 to 10,
• x and z, identical or different, are integers ranging from 0 to 10,
• X ^- represents an anionic, organic or inorganic counter ion,

provided that the sum x + y + z is from 1 to 15, that when x is 0 then R ₂₃ denotes R ₂₇ and that when z is 0 then R ₂₅ denotes a C ₁ -C ₆ hydrocarbon radical R ₂₉ , linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.

The R ₂₂ alkyl groups can be linear or branched, and more particularly linear.

Preferably, R ₂₂ denotes a methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl or dihydroxypropyl group, and more particularly a methyl or ethyl group.

Advantageously, the sum x + y + z is from 1 to 10.

When R ₂₃ is a hydrocarbon R ₂₇ group, it can be long and have 12 to 22 carbon atoms, or short and have 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

When R ₂₅ is a hydrocarbon group R ₂₉ , it preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Advantageously, R ₂₄ , R ₂₆ and R ₂₈ , which are identical or different, are chosen from C ₁₁ -C ₂₁ hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and more particularly from C ₁₁ -C alkyl and alkenyl groups. ₂₁ , linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.

Preferably, x and z, identical or different, are worth 0 or 1.

Advantageously, y is equal to 1.

Preferably, r, s and t, which are identical or different, are equal to 2 or 3, and even more particularly are equal to 2.

The anionic counter ion X ⁻ is preferably a halide, such as chloride, bromide or iodide; a (C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl sulfate; alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )- or alkyl (C ₁ -C ₄ )aryl-sulfonate. It is however possible to use methanesulfonate, phosphate, nitrate, tosylate, an anion derived from an organic acid such as acetate or lactate or any other anion compatible with ammonium with an ester function.

The anionic counter ion X ⁻ is even more particularly chloride, methyl sulphate or ethyl sulphate.

The ammonium salts of formula (A7) in which:

- R ₂₂ denotes a methyl or ethyl group,

- x and y are equal to 1,

- z is equal to 0 or 1,

- r, s and t are equal to 2,

• le groupe
• les groupes méthyle, éthyle ou hydrocarbonés en C₁₄-C₂₂,
• l'atome d'hydrogène,

- R ₂₃ is chosen from:

• the group
• methyl, ethyl or C ₁₄ -C ₂₂ hydrocarbon groups,
• the hydrogen atom,

• le groupe
• l'atome d'hydrogène,

- R ₂₅ is chosen from:

• the group
• the hydrogen atom,

- R ₂₄ , R ₂₆ and R ₂₈ , identical or different, are chosen from C ₁₃ -C ₁₇ hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and preferably from C ₁₃ -C ₁₇ alkyl and alkenyl groups , linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.

Advantageously, the hydrocarbon radicals are linear.

Mention may be made, for example, among the compounds of formula (A7) of the salts, in particular the chloride or the methyl sulphate, of diacyloxyethyldimethylammonium, of diacyloxy ethyl hydroxyethyl-methyl ammonium, of monoacyloxyethyldihydroxyethyl methylammonium, of triacyloxyethyl methyl ammonium, of monoacyloxy ethylhydroxy ethyldimethylammonium, and their mixtures. The acyl groups preferably have 14 to 18 carbon atoms and come more particularly from a vegetable oil such as palm or sunflower oil. When the compound contains several acyl groups, the latter may be the same or different.

These products are obtained, for example, by direct esterification of triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, alkyldiethanolamine or alkyldiiso propanolamine optionally oxyalkylenated on fatty acids or on mixtures of fatty acids of vegetable or animal origin, or by transesterification of their methyl esters. This esterification is followed by quaternization using an alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide, preferably methyl or ethyl, a dialkyl sulfate, preferably methyl or ethyl , methyl methanesulfonate, methyl para-toluenesulfonate, glycol or glycerol chlorohydrin.

Such compounds are for example marketed under the names DEHYQUART® by the company HENKEL, STEPANQUAT® by the company STEPAN, NOXAMIUM® by the company CECA, REWOQUAT® WE 18 by the company REWO-WITCO.

The composition may contain, for example, a mixture of mono-, di- and triester quaternary ammonium salts with a majority by weight of diester salts.

It is also possible to use the ammonium salts containing at least one ester function described in patents US-A-4874554 and US-A-4137180.

It is possible to use the behenoylhydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride offered by KAO under the name Quatarmin BTC 131.

Preferably, the ammonium salts containing at least one ester function contain two ester functions.

Among the cationic surfactants which may be present in the composition, it is more particularly preferred to choose cetyltrimethylammonium, behenyltrimethyl-ammonium, dipalmitoylethyl-hydroxyethylmethylammonium salts, and mixtures thereof, and more particularly behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate, and mixtures thereof.

The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more cationic surfactants in a total content ranging from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight, better still from 1 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition .

The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more additional compounds chosen from, non-polymeric thickeners or viscosity regulators, natural or synthetic different from the compounds described above; UV filters, fillers such as nacres, titanium dioxide, resins and clays, perfumes, peptizers, vitamins, acid agents, alkaline agents, coloring materials, pearlescent agents, opacifying agents , film-forming polymers, conditioning agents, solid fatty substances, antioxidants, fragrances and preservatives.

According to the invention, the composition may also comprise non-liquid fatty substances different from the fatty esters a) previously described, such as waxes, fatty acids, solid fatty esters, solid fatty alcohols.

The person skilled in the art will take care to choose the possible additional compounds and their quantity so that they do not harm the properties of the composition of the present invention.

These additives may be present in the composition according to the invention in an amount ranging from 0 to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

The pH of the composition according to the invention generally varies from 2 to 12, preferably from 2.5 to 9, preferentially from 3 to 8, and better still from 4 to 7.

The pH of the composition can be adjusted to the desired value by means of basifying agents or acidifying agents usually used. Among the basifying agents, mention may be made, by way of examples, of ammonia, alkanolamines, mineral or organic hydroxides. Among the acidifying agents, mention may be made, by way of examples, of mineral or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, carboxylic acids such as for example acetic acid, tartaric, citric acid, lactic acid, sulphonic acids.

The cosmetic composition can therefore be rinsed out or not after having been applied to the keratin materials, for example with water after a possible exposure time. Preferably, the composition is leave-in.

A subject of the present invention is also a process for shaping and/or conditioning keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising at least one step of applying to said fibers a composition such as previously described.

This or these steps of applying the composition according to the invention may optionally be preceded by at least one step of washing said fibers using a shampoo.

Furthermore, this or these steps of applying the composition according to the invention may optionally be followed by a laying step, for example a laying time of 1 to 15 minutes; in particular 2 to 5 minutes; then followed by a rinsing step, or not, for example with water; and/or a drying step.

Preferably, the keratin fibers are not rinsed after the step(s) of applying the composition according to the invention. By “are not rinsed”, it is meant that no step of rinsing the keratin fibers is implemented at least 30 minutes, preferably 1 hour, after the step of applying the composition according to the invention.

A subject of the present invention is also a use of the composition as described previously, for shaping and/or conditioning keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair and in particular for defining the curls of the hair.

Preferably, the composition as described above is used on curly hair, to define the curls.

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention without, however, being of a limiting nature.

EXAMPLES

A composition 1 according to the invention and comparative compositions 2 to 4 were prepared from the following ingredients, the contents of which are indicated in the tables below (in g of active ingredient).

Ingredients 1 (invention) 2 (comparative) 3 (comparative) 4 (comparative) POLYQUATERNIUM-37 (PQ-37) (and) PROPYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRYLATE/DICAPRATE (PGDD) (and) PPG-1 TRIDECETH-6) (and) SORBITAN OLEATE ⁽¹⁾ 3 (1.5 MA PQ-37 + 1.05 MA PGDD - 3 (1.5 MA PQ-37 + 1.05 MA PGDD 3 (1.5 MA PQ-37 + 1.05 MA PGDD STEARYL CAPRYLATE/STEARYL HEPTANOATE 5.0 5.0 5.0 - CETYL PALMITATE - - 5.0 Hydroxyethyl cellulose/diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride copolymer (POLYQUATERNIUM-4) 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride in hydroalcoholic dispersion with 80% active ingredient 2.0MA 2.0MA 2.0MA 2.0MA ETHANOL 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 ISODODECANE 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Camelina oil (CAMELINA SATIVA SEED OIL) 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Preservatives, perfumes qs qs qs qs Water Qsp 100 Qsp 100 Qsp 100 Qsp 100

MA: Active ingredient

⁽¹⁾ : SALCARE SC 96 marketed by BASF

The visual appearance of the compositions was evaluated just after manufacture (T0) then after 24 hours at room temperature.

1 2 3 4 T0 Homogeneous cream texture Homogeneous cream texture Homogeneous cream texture Homogeneous cream texture T 24H Homogeneous cream texture liquid biphase Homogeneous cream texture Homogeneous cream texture

Volume and frizz control

The control of volume and frizz was evaluated on strands of Caucasian natural hair of crimp type IV, each weighing 2.7 g and measuring 26 cm.

Application of 0.4 g of composition per g of hair to dry hair

We then visually assess the control of volume and frizz. The locks thus treated as well as an untreated control lock are then classified, from the one with the best volume/frizz control (to which rank 1 is assigned) to the one with the worst volume/frizz control (to which assigns rank 5)

witness 1 2 3 4 Volume/frizz control 5 1 2 3 4

Better control of the volume of the hair, in particular no frizz, is observed for the hair treated with the composition of the invention compared to the control and to the comparative compositions.

Claims (19)

Composition, in particular cosmetic, comprising:

1. one or more esters of carboxylic acid(s) having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and of alcohols having 12 to 30 carbon atoms,
2. one or more fixing polymers,
3. one or more thickening polymers different from the fixing polymers b), and
4. one or more liquid fatty substances other than esters a).

Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ester(s) a) have the following formula (A):
R1 COOR2 (A)
in which :
R1 denotes a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, optionally mono or polyhydroxylated, having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 9 carbon atoms,
R2 denotes a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, optionally mono or polyhydroxylated, having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, preferentially from 16 to 22 carbon atoms. Composition according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the ester(s) a) have the following formula (A):
R1 COOR2 (A)
in which :
R1 preferably denotes a linear alkyl radical having from 5 to 9 carbon atoms, and more particularly chosen from hexyl and heptyl radicals.
R2 preferably denotes a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, more particularly linear and even more particularly chosen from cetyl, stearyl, arachidyl and behenyl radicals. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ester(s) a) are chosen from stearyl heptanoate, stearyl caprylate and their mixtures. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total content of the ester(s) a) is between 0.1 and 20% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 15% by weight, and more preferably between 1 and 10% by weight, better still between 2 and 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more fixing polymers, different from the thickening polymers c), chosen from anionic, amphoteric, cationic, nonionic fixing polymers and mixtures thereof. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more fixing polymers, different from the thickening polymers c), chosen from cationic and nonionic fixing polymers and mixtures thereof, preferably from cationic fixing polymers. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more fixing polymers, different from the thickening polymers c), chosen from among cationic cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble monomer quaternary ammonium, such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses, such as hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl- or hydroxypropyl celluloses grafted in particular with a salt of methacryloylethyl trimethylammonium, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium, dimethyl-diallylammonium and mixtures thereof, and more particularly a hydroxyethyl cellulose/chloride copolymer of diallyl dimethyl ammonium. Composition according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the total content of the fixing polymer(s) is between 0.01 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 5% by weight, and more preferably between 0.1 and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickening polymers c) other than the fixing polymers b) are chosen from acrylic thickening polymers and thickening polysaccharides and mixtures thereof. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the acrylic thickening polymers are chosen from:

1. (meth)acrylic associative polymers;
2. crosslinked homopolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and crosslinked copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and C1-C6 alkyl acrylate;
3. nonionic homo- and copolymers containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers of ester and/or amide type;
4. ammonium acrylate homopolymers and copolymers of ammonium acrylate and acrylamide;
5. homopolymers and copolymers of (meth)acrylamido alkyl(C1-C4)sulphonic acids;
6. crosslinked methacryloyloxy(C1-C4)trialkyl(C1-C4)ammonium homopolymers and copolymers.

Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total content of the thickening polymer(s) c) ranges from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferentially from 0, 1 to 4% by weight, or even 0.5 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid fatty substance(s) other than the esters a) are chosen from liquid C ₆ -C ₁₆ hydrocarbons, liquid hydrocarbons comprising more than 16 carbon atoms, non-silicone oils of animal origin, oils of the triglyceride type of vegetable or synthetic origin, fluorinated oils, liquid fatty alcohols, liquid esters of fatty acids and/or fatty alcohols other than triglycerides, fatty ethers liquids, silicone oils, and mixtures thereof, preferably from C6-C16 alkanes, vegetable oils, C6-C30 fatty acid triglycerides, esters of fatty acids and/or C6- C30 or mixtures thereof. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid fatty substance(s) other than esters a) are chosen from C6-C16 alkanes, vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total content of the liquid fatty substance(s) d) ranges from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 35% by weight, better still from 15 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more cationic surfactants. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total content of the cationic surfactant(s) ranges from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably from 0 5 to 5% by weight, better still from 1 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition Process for shaping and/or conditioning keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising at least one step of applying to said fibers a composition as defined in any one of the claims 1 to 17. Use of the composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 17, for shaping and/or conditioning keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, and in particular for defining the curls of hair.