FR3096379A1 - Construction element - Google Patents

Abstract

Construction element. The invention relates to a building element (1) comprising: a first wall (8) defining a front face (2) and a second wall (9) defining a rear face (3), the first and second walls (8, 9) ) being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction; a third wall (10) and a fourth wall (11) respectively defining a first side (5) and a second side (4) spaced in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls (8, 9), and in which of the first slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls (8, 9, 10, 11) define a base face (6), and of the second slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls (8 , 9, 10, 11) define another face (15), opposite the base face (6) in a direction in height, characterized in that the second wall (9) defines a rear face (3) parallel to the front face (2) and comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness (13) in the direction of the base face (6) joining the third and the fourth walls (10, 11) and forming an inclined internal face (91) of the second wall (9), opposite the rear face (3). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1

Description

Description Title of the invention: Construction element Technical field

The present invention relates in particular to a construction element as well as to a construction assembly comprising several elements allowing the composition of a wall using the elements in question.

[0002] A preferred application relates to the construction industry and public works, in particular for the production of low walls, retaining walls, noise barriers or others.

Prior technique

[0003] In the latter field, construction elements are known for erecting retaining walls with variable inclination in dry conditions.

Using this technique, the wall composition can thus be varied, the system being modular.

For example, the patent publication WO2015117827-Al shows a construction element of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape offering a multiplicity of association combinations with construction elements which are juxtaposed and/or superimposed on it.

[0004] In certain situations, in particular when it is useful to backfill the retaining walls or even for making bends, such elements are however not always suitable.

[0005] There is a need to provide an improved element in which the cooperation between the elements is improved with good mechanical strength.

The other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon examination of the following description and the accompanying drawings.

It is understood that other benefits may be incorporated.

Summary of the invention 100071 The present invention falls within this framework and proposes for this purpose a construction element comprising: a first wall defining a front face and a second wall defining a rear face, the first and second walls being spaced according to a longitudinal direction; a third wall and a fourth wall respectively defining a first flank and a second flank spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls, and in which first slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls define a base face, and second 2 slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls define another face opposite the base face in a height direction, characterized in that the second wall defines a rear face parallel to the front face and comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness in the direction of the base face joining the third and the fourth walls and forming an inclined internal face of the second wall, opposite the rear face.

[0008] Thus, there is an element whose front and rear faces are parallel and advantageously flat while having a second wall (corresponding to the rear of the element, even if it is understood that the part back can be arranged in front of a retaining wall) which is not a wall of constant thickness.

Indeed, the portion of increasing thickness makes it possible to define a space inside the element and having the shape of a cavity opening progressively towards the front face.

While forming this cavity of variable vertical section, the mechanical strength is high thanks to the large section of the second wall carrying the rear face in its basal part.

In particular, at the junction between the second wall and the third and fourth walls, the quantity of material is high, which ensures good transmission of the forces.

Furthermore, when the element of the invention is superimposed with a similar element, and there is a propensity of the wall thus formed to tilt towards the front face, the inclined wall formed by the portion of increasing thickness forms a favorable triangulation element the breaking strength of the second wall.

The stability of the assembly is therefore improved.

[0009] Another advantage of the portion of linearly increasing section is to provide a favorable surface for head-to-tail cooperation of two similar superposed elements.

Indeed, the invention forms an inclined wall that can serve as an insertion guide for one element superimposed on another in one direction, while the inclined wall formed on the superimposed element provides insertion guidance in a direction perpendicular to the first one.

The two elements can thus be nested one inside the other in a progressive manner, even if their relative starting position is not precise.

[0010] The walls of the element being spaced apart, the element is perforated, therefore having an advantageous volume/weight ratio.

This openwork character can, moreover, be through from the base face to the opposite face with two floors, which simplifies manufacture, limits the weight and ensures complete backfilling that can pass through a plurality of superimposed elements. .

At the same time, the element can be relatively heavy and for example cannot be handled by hand on the construction site.

In this context, the formation of the inclined internal face of the invention simplifies positioning by means of machinery, even if the initial positioning accuracy of the element is low; the inclined inner face can be used in this context for progressive guidance to the final position of the element.

The invention also relates to an assembly comprising a plurality of construction elements according to the invention allowing in particular the composition of a wall panel; this composition can be with a bend, such a bend possibly being curved (concave or convex) or else at a right angle.

Generally, at least two elements will be superimposed so as to form a stack.

Optionally, the superposed elements can be offset along the longitudinal direction so as to form a retaining wall with a fruit.

It is also possible to form angles, in particular at right angles, by nesting head to tail of superimposed elements.

Brief description of the drawings

The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

[0013] [fig.1] shows the building element of the present invention.

[0014] [fig.21 shows the dc construction element of the present invention during a first stacking with a second dc construction element.

[0015] [fig.3A] shows an example of stacking a plurality of construction elements so as to produce a wall with a right angle bend.

[0016] [fig.313[ shows a top view of FIG. 3A.

[0017] [fig.3g shows a perspective view of Figure 3A.

[0018] [fig.4A] shows a top view dc the building element of the present invention.

[0019] [fig.413[ shows a dc side view of the building element of the present invention.

[0020] [fig.4g shows a side view of the building element of the present invention.

The drawings are given by way of examples and are not limiting of the invention.

They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the scale of practical applications.

Description of embodiments 100221 Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, optional characteristics are set out below which may optionally be used in combination or alternatively: According to an example, the portion of thickness linearly increasing is followed, opposite the third and fourth walls, by a terminal portion of constant thickness.

Thanks to this end portion, there is a notch-shaped part that can be used for effective cooperation with a complementary part on the base face of an identical superimposed element.

According to one example, the end portion extends beyond the upper end of the front face at the level of the other face.

Thus, the highest point of the element is, at this face, located on the second wall.

In other words, the rear face is raised.

Usually the front side is the raised side.

Thanks to these arrangements, the second wall can cooperate with a recessed abutment element on the base face of a superimposed element, so as to retain, in a front/rear direction, the stack.

According to one example, the base face comprises at least one spline configured to allow the insertion into the spline of an end portion of another element.

This arrangement makes it possible to make the element cooperate with a similar element by nesting.

According to one example, the groove is flared in the direction of the base face.

Thanks to these arrangements, the nesting in superposition of two similar elements can be carried out even if the initial relative positioning between the two elements is not perfect, the flared part serving to guide the end portion progressively in the groove.

According to one example, the element comprises several grooves.

Thanks to these provisions, it is possible to modify the place of cooperation of the terminal portion with respect to a superimposed element, so as to vary the fruit of the wall to be formed.

According to one example, the portion of linearly increasing thickness forms an angle greater than 20° with the rear face.

This selection offers a significant triangulation effect between the vertical parts and the horizontal parts of the element, an effect favorable to the recovery of forces.

According to one example, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face is at least twice that of the rear face.

According to one example, the other face comprises a flat bottom defined by a portion of the second slice of the third and fourth walls, the flat bottom being connected by a first side, to the inclined internal face.

According to one example, the second wall comprises, in the transverse direction, a dimension less than or equal to the dimension of the flat bottom in the longitudinal direction.

Thanks to this arrangement, two superposed elements can easily be fitted together, the other faces of which are placed opposite each other, at 90n.

Their flat bottom comes into contact while their inclined internal faces serve as a progressive guide.

According to one example, the flat bottom is located at half the height dimension of the first wall.

Thanks to these provisions, when nesting two superimposed elements, the base face of one of the elements is found at the same level of height as the other face of the other element.

According to one example, the assembly comprises at least a first element and a second element superposed so that the longitudinal directions of the first and second elements are perpendicular, the other face of the first element being in contact with the other face of the second element .

A right angle bend is thus formed.

According to one example, the flat bottom of the first element is in contact with the flat bottom of the second element.

Non-limitingly, the invention can be made from concrete, for example by molding.

The concrete may have conventional reinforcement.

Advantageously, the element is in one piece, in a single coherent element called a construction element.

The term "face" means a two-dimensional element, the two-dimensional element is not necessarily located on the same plane and may be discontinuous.

The term "wall" means a three-dimensional element, the three-dimensional element is not necessarily located on the same plane and can be discontinuous.

The perspective of Figure 1 adopts a three-dimensional reference corresponding to three preferred directions of the element of the invention.

The dimension L corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the construction element 1; advantageously, it is the main dimension of the element, but this case is not limiting.

Dimension 1 corresponds to the lateral or transverse direction of the element; it is preferably oriented along the width of the wall composition to be built.

Finally, the dimension h forms the height of element 1; although this is not limiting, it is advantageously in this direction that the height of the wall composition is constructed.

[0027] The building element 1 has a plurality of faces which can in particular serve as contact surfaces with other elements or with the ground, or serve as facade parts.

Thus, a front face 2 is formed by means of a first wall 8 referenced in perspective view in Figure 1.

The front face 2 may be flat or 6 may have a pattern making it possible to vary the decor of the wall facade.

Opposite the front face 2, a rear face 3 is also visible in all the figures and is carried by a second wall 9.

Advantageously, the first and second walls 8, 9 are mutually parallel.

As shown in Figure 1, it is also advantageous for the second wall 9 to have a width dimension less than that of the first wall 8.

[0028] The first and second walls 8, 9 are connected by two other walls, respectively third wall 10 and fourth wall 11.

The latter have a preferred orientation preferably perpendicular to that of the first, second walls 8.9.

In the configuration adopted in the various figures, the walls 10, 11 are directed along the height of the construction element 1.

Advantageously, the third and fourth walls 10, 11 are mutually parallel.

In the illustrated embodiment, they are spaced apart in the transverse direction and define, with the first, second walls 8, 9, an opening passing right through the construction element 1.

This area can be backfilled during the construction of the wall.

Further, a preferred configuration is for the spacing between the third and fourth walls 10, 11 to be less than the width dimension of at least one of the first wall 8 and the second wall 9.

Preferably, a slice of each of the four walls 8.9, 10.11 thus described defines a base face 6 of the element 1.

This set of first slices is preferably coplanar so as to define a flat base face 6; however, we have come to understand that it may include recessed areas for nesting with other elements.

It is also preferably oriented perpendicular to the four walls 8, 9, 10, 11.

The second wall 9 comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness 13 in the direction of the base face 6 joining the third and the fourth wall 10, 11 and forming an inclined internal face 91 of the second wall 9, opposite the rear side 3.

The inclined internal face 91 then makes it possible to better distribute the mechanical forces exerted on the construction element 1.

Indeed, the portion of increasing thickness makes it possible to define a space inside the element 1 and having the shape of a cavity opening gradually towards the front face 2.

While forming this cavity of variable vertical section, the mechanical strength is high thanks to the large section of the second wall 9 carrying the rear face 3 in its basal part.

In particular, at the junction between the second wall 9 and the third and fourth walls 10, 11, the quantity of material is high, which ensures good transmission of the forces.

Furthermore, when the element 1 of the invention is superimposed with a similar element 1, and there is a propensity of the wall thus formed to tilt towards the front face 2, the inclined face 91 formed by the portion of increasing thickness 13 forms a triangulation element favorable to the breaking strength of the second wall 9.

The stability of the assembly is therefore improved.

Another advantage of the portion of linearly increasing section 13 is to provide a favorable surface for head-to-tail cooperation of two superposed similar elements 1.

Indeed, the invention forms an inclined face 91 that can serve as a guide for inserting an element 1 superimposed on another element 1 in one direction, while the inclined face 91 formed on the superimposed element 1 provides guidance for insertion along a direction perpendicular to the first.

The two elements 1 can thus be nested one inside the other in a progressive manner, even if their relative starting position is not precise.

In addition, the portion 13 of linearly increasing thickness is surmounted by a so-called end portion 14, opposite the third and fourth walls 10,11, said end portion 14 is characterized by a constant thickness.

The end portion 14 then forms a notch, which can be used to improve the cooperation between the construction element 1 and another construction element 1 having at least one hollow intended to accommodate the end portion 14.

The hollow is preferably located on the base face 6 and appears in the form of at least one groove 61, hollow and notches are complementary.

Furthermore, the limitation between the portion of linearly increasing thickness 13 and the end portion 14 is located at the same height as the upper end of the front face 2.

The groove 61 is configured to allow the insertion into the groove 61 of the end portion 14 of another element 1.

The end portion 14, for its part, extends beyond the upper end of the front face 2 at the level of another face 15, opposite the base face 6 in the height direction.

This other face 15 is formed by second sections of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls 8,9, 10, 11.

Thus, the highest point of the construction element 1 is, at the level of this other face 15, located on the second wall 9.

In other words, the rear face 3 is raised.

Thanks to these arrangements, the second wall 9 can cooperate with a recessed abutment element on the base face 6 of a superposed element, so as to retain, in a front/rear direction, the stack as shown in figure 2.

Furthermore, the groove 61 can be flared in the direction of the base face 6.

Thanks to this shape, the nesting in superposition of two similar elements can be achieved even if the initial relative positioning between the two elements 1 is not perfect, the flared part serving to guide the end portion 14 progressively in the groove 61.

It is also very advantageous for the construction element 1 to comprise several grooves 61.

Indeed, this makes it possible to modify the place of cooperation of the terminal portion 14 with respect to a superimposed construction element 1, so as to vary the result of the wall to be formed.

By “fruit of the wall”, we mean the obliquity of the exterior face of the wall.

The grooves 61 can extend over the entire length L of the element 1 in the longitudinal direction or can extend for example over only half the length L of the element 1 in the longitudinal direction.

Thus it is easy to obtain many different stacking configurations depending on the position of the end portion 14 in one of the grooves 61 of another construction element 1.

The splines 61 can be located along the third and fourth walls 10 and 11 on the base face 6, in addition to being located at the level of the second wall 9 on the base face 6.

[0033] The other face 15. thus formed, has a first stage 151, called the front stage, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the first wall 8, and a second stage 152, called the rear stage, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the second wall 9.

The second stage 152 corresponds to the upper end of the terminal portion 14.

The connecting edge 12 is preferably straight.

It is advantageously perpendicular to the floors 151, 152.

The other face 15 comprises a flat bottom 150 defined by a portion of the second slices, in particular slices of the third and fourth walls 10,11, the flat bottom 150 being connected, from a first side, to the inclined internal face 91.

The flat bottom 150 is connected by a second side to the connecting edge 12.

[0035] More specifically, the third wall 10 and the fourth wall 11 respectively define a first side 5 and a second side 4 spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls 8, 9.

A portion of the first flank 5 and a portion of the second flank 4 are then included in the flat bottom 150.

[0036] Preferably, the flat bottom 150 is located halfway up a dimension in height of the front face 2.

Thus, during the nesting of two superimposed elements 1, the base face 6 of one of the elements 1 is found at the same level of height as the other face 15 of the other element 1.

According to an alternative example not shown in the figures, the end portion 14 is absent from the block, the upper end of the front face 2 and the upper end of the rear face 3 are at the same height.

Moreover, the grooves 61 are absent according to this embodiment.

Thus, to allow cooperation between two elements 1 of construction, the base face 6 of the element 1 forms a flat surface, which bears against the upper end of the front face 2 and the upper end of the face rear 3 of the other element 1, the two upper ends being at the same height.

As shown in particular in Figure 1, the first stage 151 comprises a portion of the second edge of the second wall 9 defining the rear face 3 and a portion of the second edge of the third and fourth walls 10, 11.

As for the second floor 152, it comprises a portion of the second slice of the first wall 8 defining the front face 2 and a portion of the second slice, raised, of the third and fourth walls 10, 11.

By this arrangement, the height of the rear face 3 is greater and preferably equal to twice the height of the front face 2.

Figure 2 shows a first possibility of cooperation between different elements 1.

In this case, the elements 1 are superimposed so that the base face 6 of an element 1 is in contact with the other face 15 of an element 1 located below.

According to this representation, the end portion 14 of an element 1 is in the groove 61 of another element 1.

[0040] There may also be a shift in the longitudinal direction between the elements 1, so that the edge of the first wall 8 of the elements is gradually shifted rearward as the wall is mounted.

Cc last is in this case constructed with a fruit.

In Figures 3A to 3C, the elements 1 are strictly superimposed without any longitudinal offset.

The wall facade is then formed, without discontinuity, by the association of the front faces 2.

The intermediate spaces between the superimposed elements, particularly between the first floor 71 of a lower element relative to the base face 6 of an element located above, can be filled in the form of embankments.

In addition, the portion of linearly increasing thickness 13 forms an angle greater than 200 with the rear face 3.

This selection offers a significant triangulation effect between the vertical parts and the horizontal parts of element 1, an effect favorable to the recovery of forces.

Furthermore, it can be seen in Figures 3A to 3C that the wall has an angle, typically a projecting right angle.

A first set of elements 1 is superimposed so as to form a first facade direction; preferentially, this superimposition is carried out so that the base face 6 of the elements is located downwards and the other face 15 is located upwards.

Along the second facade direction, a first stack of elements 1 is configured to cooperate with an adjacent stack of elements 1 of the first facade direction.

Advantage is taken here of the stepped shape of the other face 15 of the elements I.

In fact, the elements 1 of this first stack of the second facade direction are turned over relative to those of the adjacent stack of the first facade direction so that their base face 6 is directed upwards.

In addition, the first stage 151 of these elements 1 is applied to the first stage 151 of the elements 1 of the other stack, the longitudinal directions of the elements being perpendicular between the two stacks assembled at an angle.

It is understood that the assembly thus formed alternates the laying of an element 1 of the first stack and of an element 1 of the second stack.

An element 1 of a first stack is in contact with at least one other element 1 of the same stack and one element 1 of the other stack.

Advantageously, the aspect ratios of the elements are configured so that, in this position, the front faces 2 of the two stacks are in contact or close to each other, forming a right angle, by the edge of the vertical edge of the first wall 8 of the elements 1.

At the same time, it is preferred that the connection edge 12 of the elements of a stack applies to one of the sides 4.5 of an element 1 of the other stack.

There is thus great consistency at the level of the bend, by multiplying the contact zones, both in a horizontal direction and in a vertical direction.

[0045] Furthermore, it may be desired that this cooperation at 90' along the longitudinal direction of the elements form an assembly that is substantially as long as it is wide.

In this context, it is advantageous for the elements, along their longitudinal direction, to have a dimension dc less dc 20% greater than their greatest dimension in width, for example the dimension in width dc of the front face 2.

For example, it is possible to ensure that the length of an element 1 is less than or equal to the sum of the width of its front face 2 (corresponding to the width of the first wall 8) and twice the maximum thickness of the wall 8.

Advantageously, the length of an element is equal to the sum of the width of its front face 2 and the thickness at its edge of the first wall 8.

In addition, it is possible to insert between each overlapping element a textile sheet.

The role of the textile sheet is to reinforce the cooperation and the maintenance of the elements between them.

Furthermore, the elements 1, preferably which are the highest of the stack of elements 1, each have at least two through holes.

The two passage holes of each element 1 are aligned so as to allow the passage of a bar, preferably an iron ban-e.

We can then easily lift each element 1 by means of the bar.

[0048] Figures 4A to 4C show different views of the building element.

It will be noted that the element is advantageously symmetrical along a plane directed along the height direction and the longitudinal direction.

The following possible dimensions are not limited to: width of the front face: 1100 mm; rear side width: 900 mm; thickness of the wall 8 at its lateral ends: 100 mm; thickness of the wall 8 at its middle: 120 mm spacing between the third wall and the fourth wall: 200 mm; 11 wall thickness 10.11: 140 mm; radius of curvature of the fillets between the third wall 10 and the first wall 8 and the second wall 9: 50 mm; the same radius applies for the fourth wall 11 with the walls 8 and 9; rounded at least one edge of the vertical slices of at least one wall 8, 9: 10 mm.

These dimensions are understood to be within manufacturing tolerances and may in particular each be separately or in combination reduced or increased by 10%.

They are only indicative.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but extends to all embodiments in accordance with its spirit.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and extends to all the embodiments covered by the claims.

[0052] List of references 1 Element 2 Front face 3 Rear face 4 Second side 5 First side 6 Base face 61 Groove 8 First wall 9 Second wall 91 Inclined internal face 10 Third wall 11 Fourth wall 12 Connecting edge 13 Portion of linearly increasing thickness 14 Terminal portion Other side 150 Flat bottom 151 First floor 152 Second floor 12

Claims (1)

CLAIMS [Claim 1] Construction element (1) comprising: - a first wall (8) defining a front face (2) and a second wall (9) defining a rear face (3), the first and second walls (8, 9) being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction; - a third wall (10) and a fourth wall (11) respectively defining a first flank (5) and a second flank (4) spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls (8, 9) , [Claim 2] [Claim 3] [Claim 4] [Claim 5] [Claim 6] and wherein first slices dc each of the first, second, third and fourth walls (8, 9, 10, 11) define a face base (6), and second slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls (8, 9, 10, 11) define another face (15), opposite the base face (6) in a direction in height, characterized in that the second wall (9) defines a rear face (3) parallel to the front face (2) and comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness (13) in the direction of the base face (6) joining the third and the fourth walls (10, 11) and forming an inclined internal face (91) of the second wall (9), opposite the rear face (3). Element (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the portion of linearly increasing thickness (13) is followed, opposite the third and fourth walls (10,11), by an end portion (14) of thickness constant. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the end portion (14) extends beyond the upper end of the front face (2) at the level of the other face (15). Element (1) according to any one of the two preceding claims, in which the base face (6) comprises at least one groove (61) configured to allow the insertion into the groove (61) of an end portion (14 ) of another element (1). Element (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the groove (61) is flared in the direction of the base face (6). Element (1) according to one of the two preceding claims, 13 [Claim 7] [Claim 8] [Claim 9] [Claim 10] [Claim 11] [Claim 12] [Claim 13] [Claim 14] comprising several grooves ( 61). Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the portion of linearly increasing thickness (13) forms an angle greater than 20' with the rear face (3). Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face (2) is at least twice that of the rear face (3). Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the other face (15) comprises a flat bottom (150) defined by a portion of the second edge of the third and fourth walls (10,11), the bottom plan extends connected, from a first side, to the inclined internal face (91). Element (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the second wall (9) comprises, in the transverse direction, a dimension less than or equal to the dimension of the flat bottom (150) in the longitudinal direction. Element (1) according to one of the two preceding claims, in which the flat bottom (150) is located at half the height dimension of the first wall (8). Wall panel composition assembly comprising a plurality of elements (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Assembly according to the preceding claim, comprising at least a first element (1) and a second element (1) superimposed so that the longitudinal directions of the first and second elements (1) are perpendicular, the other face (15) of the first element (1) being in contact with the other face (15) of the second element (1). Assembly according to the preceding claim, in which the first element (1) and the second element (1) are according to one of Claims 9 to 11, the flat bottom (150) of the first element (1) being in contact with the flat bottom (150) of the second element (1).