FR3067046A1 - RAIL DISMOUNTABLE AND INTERCHANGEABLE AGAINST RAINFALL SOUND NUISANCES. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a railway rail, removable and interchangeable against rail noise pollution comprising, on the one hand, a mushroom (2) having an upper portion (3) constituting a tread and a lower portion (4). ), and on the other hand, a body (5) which comprises a shoe (6) intended to rest on one or more sleepers and a core (7) connecting said shoe (6) to said mushroom (2), said core ( 7) having an upper part constituting a receptacle (8) equipped with a chute (9) cooperating with said lower part (4) of the mushroom (2), a first elastic pad (10) being arranged in said chute (9) under the lower part (4) of the mushroom (2) so as to damp the shocks and vibrations exerted by a rolling stock on the tread (3), the said lower part (4) of the mushroom (2) having a triangular prism shape , and said trough (9) having a prism shape triangular complementary to said lower part (4) of the mushroom (2).

Description

The present invention relates to a spoke! of railway whose mushroom, arranged on an elastic cushion shock absorber of shocks and vibrations, is dismountable and interchangeable.

Technological background

A railroad rail consists of three parts:

- an upper part, the mushroom, which includes the rolling and train running table;

- a lower part, the shoe, which rests on the railway sleepers with, possibly, the interposition of an elastic sole which is thus located between this shoe and the upper surface of the sleepers; and,

- a central part, the core, which is a vertical wall connecting the upper and lower parts of the rail.

Rail noise is often associated with the stiffness of the rail fastening system on the sleepers, as well as the vibrations of the wheel / rail contact transmitted to the ground: this is notably due to the fact that the current technology of laying the rails on concrete sleepers or on concrete slabs is very disadvantageous compared to that of laying the rails on wooden sleepers which absorb shocks and vibrations much better, as well as the ambient background noise caused by the passage of trains.

It is described in document FR-2814477-A, a rail which comprises a shoe, a central core and an upper support on which rests an elastic pad supporting an interchangeable mushroom. This rail must be asymmetrical: one side of the upper support must allow free passage to the wheels of the rolling stock, the other side being designed to receive the lateral forces transmitted by the wheels of the rolling stock. The mushroom is held laterally in position by the two asymmetrical sides of the upper support, which has been shown to be insufficient to ensure that the mushroom is held in position.

One of the aims of the present invention is therefore! to provide a railroad rail comprising a mushroom arranged on an elastic cushion shock absorber of vibrations and, which makes it possible to obviate the disadvantages of the known rails of which a part is removable and in particular to ensure the maintenance in position of the mushroom .

Another object of the invention is to provide such a rail, the manufacture of which is feasible and the installation as close as possible to that of a traditional one-piece rail.

These aims, as well as others which will appear subsequently, are achieved by a railway rail, removable and interchangeable, comprising, on the one hand, a mushroom comprising an upper part constituting a tread and a lower part, and , on the other hand, a body which comprises a pad intended to rest on one or more cross-pieces and a core connecting the pad to the mushroom, this core having an upper part constituting a receptacle equipped with a chute cooperating with the lower part of the mushroom , a first elastic pad being placed in the chute under the lower part of the mushroom so as to absorb the shocks and vibrations exerted by rolling stock on the tread, said rail being remarkable in that the lower part of the mushroom has a shape triangular prism, and the chute has a shape of triangular prism complementary to the lower part of the mushroom.

Thus, thanks to the shape of the lower part of the mushroom and the chute, the mushroom is held in position laterally. In addition, the lower part of the mushroom as the chute have simple shapes allowing their realization by standard rolling tools.

Advantageously, the rail is symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane passing through the top edge of the triangular prism constituting the lower part of the mushroom.

Preferably, the top edge of the triangular prism is rounded. The radius of curvature of this top edge is between 10 and 20 mm and, preferably, between 14 and 16mm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross section of the triangular prism constituting the lower part of the fungus is an isosceles triangle.

Advantageously, the first pad is made up of bands made of a flexible, over-carbon elastomer in order to allow the passage of electrical signaling rail current and that of traction returns. These bands may have hollow shapes, such as longitudinal grooves or offset holes, in order to impart a certain elasticity to the elastomer when it is compressed when the rolling material passes.

In addition, the width of these strips is such that they line at least the entire surface of the chute on which the lower part of the mushroom rests, thus picking up the shocks, vibrations and noise nuisance produced by the rolling stock, especially in curves. . These strips are arranged so as to leave a space between them.

Preferably, the rail includes means for securing the mushroom to the receptacle.

Advantageously, each means for securing the mushroom to the receptacle comprises a pin arranged in a corresponding orifice formed in the receptacle and in a passage formed in the lower part of the mushroom, the axes of the orifice and of the passage being substantially parallel.

Preferably, the diameter of the passage is greater than that of the pin to take account of the depression of the fungus in the first bearing when passing rolling stock.

According to one embodiment, the axis of the passage is located above the axis of the orifice, when no rolling stock is circulating on the tread.

Advantageously, under the skate is disposed a second pad made of a flexible material making it possible to absorb shock and vibration during the passage of rolling stock.

Brief description of the figures

The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and without limitation. , with reference to the accompanying drawings.

- Figure 1 is a partial side view of a railway rail, removable and interchangeable.

- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rail along the line

II- ll of figure 1.

- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rail along the line

III- III of Figure 1.

- Figure 4 is a front view of an embodiment of a first pad.

- Figure 5 is a front view of another embodiment of a first pad.

- Figure 6 is a top view of a railway rail according to Figure 1.

Detailed description of embodiments

As can be seen in the figures, a railway rail, dismountable and interchangeable, designated as a whole by the reference 1, comprises, on the one hand, a mushroom 2 comprising an upper part which constitutes a strip of bearing 3 and a lower part 4, and, on the other hand, a body 5 which comprises a shoe 6 intended to rest on one or more crosspieces, not shown, and a core 7. The core 7 has an upper part constituting a receptacle 8 equipped with a chute 9 cooperating with the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2. The body, seen in cross section has the general shape of a stemmed glass.

A first elastic cushion 10 is placed in the chute 9 under the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2, so as to absorb the shocks and vibrations exerted by rolling stock on the tread 3.

According to the present invention, the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2 has a triangular prism shape, the chute 9 has a triangular prism shape complementary to the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2. In other words, the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2 shows, in cross section, the shape of a V, as well as the chute 9.

The rail according to the present invention is symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane passing through the top edge 4a of the triangular prism constituting the lower part of the mushroom 2.

This top edge 4a is advantageously rounded: the radius of curvature is between 10 and 20 mm and, preferably, between 14 and 16mm. It is the same for the bottom 9a of the chute 9.

The side faces 4b and 4c of the lower part 4 of the mushroom 4 rest on the corresponding faces 9b and 9c of the chute 9: this allows a good distribution of the stresses and loads applied, in particular when passing rolling stock through a curve. And this, all the more since the width of the mushroom 2 is less than that of the receptacle 8. In the curve, such a structure of the rail 1 thus constitutes an anti-tilting force of this rail under the strong lateral loads exerted by the rolling stock. .

Due to the longitudinal symmetry of the rail according to the invention, the cross section of the triangular prism constituting the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2 is an isosceles triangle.

As for the shape of the chute 9, it is complementary to that of the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2.

The height h of the upper part of the mushroom 2 as well as the total height H of the rail 1 correspond to those defined in international standards, and the manufacture, inspections, etc., of a rail according to the invention are inspired by the NF.EN standard. 13674-1 of April 2011.

The first pad 10 constitutes a flexible elastic damper intended in particular to reduce the noise nuisance caused by the passage of rolling stock. It consists, according to the present embodiment, of strips of a flexible and overcarbonated elastomer in order to allow the passage of the electrical signaling rail current and that of the traction returns. By way of example, the flexible overcarbonated elastomer is a vulcanized silicone elastomer with very good electrical conductivity, and possibly preformed in order to conform to the shape of the trough 9.

These bands may have offset holes 15 (see Figure 4) or longitudinal grooves 11 (see Figure 5) or any other hollow shape, in order to give these bands better elasticity during compression under load. Furthermore, the thickness and Shore hardness of these elastomeric strips can be adapted according to the loads and the speeds of the rolling stock having to run on rails according to the present invention.

The width of these strips is such that they line at least the entire surface of the trough 9 on which the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2 rests.

They are preferably arranged so as to leave a space between them. Their length is for example from 6 to 10 meters depending on the configuration of the railway.

The structure of a rail according to the present invention allows the only change of the mushroom 2 since it is this part which wears out first. In addition, such an embodiment makes it possible to manufacture the mushroom and the body (core - shoe) in steels of different hardness, but of the same structure thus making it possible to ensure identical expansion, since having the same coefficient of expansion, under the effect of constraints linked in particular to summer / winter temperature differences.

We can thus consider that the mushroom 2 is made of a hard grade steel heat treated in particular for curves with high wear stresses, but that the body 5 can, in most cases, be made of a steel not heat treated: this will be a source of significant savings when renewing the rails.

Finally, under the pad 6 is disposed a second pad 11 made of a flexible material making it possible to absorb shock and vibration during the passage of rolling stock.

If necessary, and to guarantee better safety on the track, means may be provided for securing the mushroom 2 to the body 5. These means are, for example, constituted by pins 12 disposed in corresponding orifices 13 in the receptacle 8 and a passage 14 formed in the lower part 4 of the mushroom 2: these orifices 13 and this passage 14 are substantially of parallel axes. These pins 12 can be elastic, spiraled or any other equivalent means.

In addition, it is advantageous that the diameter of the passage 14 is slightly greater than that of the pin 12 to take account of the depression of the fungus 2 in the first bearing 10 during the passage of rolling stock. The axis XX ′ of the passage 14 is therefore located above the axis YY ’of the orifices 13, when no rolling stock is circulating on the tread 3.

These orifices 13 and this passage 14 are arranged in the space between two successive strips 10a and 10b of the first pad 10.

The shape of the body 5, in particular of the core 7, allows the fitting of connection splices 16 intended to connect the rails to each other, as well as the track devices (points), it being understood that the pins 12 are not necessarily located directly above the fishplate holes 17.

The shape of the core Ί allows the fitting of connection splices 16 (cf. FIG. 2) intended to connect the rail to the track devices (switches), it being understood that the pins 12 are not systematically positioned opposite the holes of fishplates 17 (see Figure 1).

Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are within the scope of the present invention.

It is also pointed out that as regards the manufacture by rolling of the mushroom 2 and of the body 5, there will be much less risk of internal defects after cooling due to the homogeneity of the thicknesses, hence a significant improvement. railway safety

The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its 10 conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those stated in a claim.

In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claims.

Claims (13)

1. Railway rail, removable and interchangeable, comprising, on the one hand, a mushroom (2) comprising an upper part (3) constituting a tread and a lower part (4), and, on the other hand , a body (5) which comprises a pad (6) intended to rest on one or more crosspieces and a core (7) connecting said pad (6) to said mushroom (2), said core (7) having an upper part constituting a receptacle (8) equipped with a chute (9) cooperating with said lower part (4) of the mushroom (2), a first elastic pad (10) being disposed in said chute (9) under the lower part (4) of the mushroom (2) so as to absorb the shocks and vibrations exerted by rolling stock on the tread (3), characterized by the fact that said lower part (4) of the mushroom (2) has a triangular prism shape, and that said chute (9) has a shape of a complementary triangular prism e of said lower part (4) of the mushroom (2). 2. Rail according to claim 1, characterized in that it is symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane passing through a top edge (4a) of the triangular prism constituting the lower part (4) of the mushroom (2). 3. Rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the top edge (4a) of the triangular prism is rounded. 4. Rail according to claim 3, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the top edge (4a) is between 10 and 20 mm and, preferably, between 14 and 16 mm. 5. Rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the triangular prism constituting the lower part (4) of the mushroom (2) is an isosceles triangle. 6. Rail according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first pad (10) consists of strips of a flexible and overcarbonated elastomer to allow the passage of electrical signaling rail current and returns traction. 7. Rail according to claim 6, characterized in that the strips have hollow shapes such as longitudinal grooves (11a) or offset holes (11b). 8. Rai! according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the width of these strips is such that they line at least the entire surface of the chute (9) on which the lower part (4) of the mushroom rests ( 2) thus taking up the shocks, vibrations and noise pollution produced by the rolling stock, especially in curves. 9. Rail according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the strips are arranged so as to leave a space between them. 10. Rail according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises means for securing the mushroom (2) to the receptacle (8). 11. Rail according to claim 10, characterized in that each means for securing the mushroom (2) to the receptacle (8) comprises a pin (12) disposed in a corresponding orifice (13) formed in the receptacle (8) and in a passage (14) formed in the lower part (4) of the mushroom (2), the axes of the orifice (13) and of the passage (14) being substantially parallel. 12. Rail according to claim 11, characterized in that the diameter of the passage (14) is greater than that of the pin (12) to take account of the depression of the mushroom (2) in the first bearing (10) during the passage of rolling stock. 13. Rail according to claim 12, characterized in that the axis XX 'of said passage (14) is located above the axis YY' of the orifices (13), when no rolling stock is circulating on the strip of bearing (3).