FR3057588A1 - BUILDING ELEMENT IN TERRACOTTA - Google Patents

Abstract

Monobloc building element (10) having a width (L) greater than or equal to 50 cm and a height (H) greater than or equal to 1.2 m, having in front view at least two lateral notches (12) in part lower, and having at least two vertical reservations (16) opening respectively to these lateral notches (12).

Description

© Publication no .: 3,057,588 (to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number: 16 60023 ® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

COURBEVOIE

©) Int Cl ⁸ : E 04 B 2/42 (2017.01), E 04 B 2/50, E 04 C 1/39

A1 PATENT APPLICATION

©) Date of filing: 17.10.16. ©) Applicant (s): GTM BATIMENT Joint-stock company (30) Priority: simplified - FR. ©) Inventor (s): BAHON DAMIEN, MEGADMINI ABDELAZIZ, TUAL EMMANUEL and GIRAUD DAVID. (43) Date of public availability of the request: 20.04.18 Bulletin 18/16. (56) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents ©) Holder (s): GTM BATIMENT Joint-stock company related: simplified. ©) Extension request (s): @) Agent (s): CABINET NONY.

£> 4 / TERRACOTTA CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT.

(W) One-piece construction element (10), having a width (L) greater than or equal to 50 cm and a height (H) greater than or equal to 1.2 m, having a front view of at least two lateral notches (12 ) in the lower part, and comprising at least two vertical reservations (16) leading respectively to these lateral notches (12).

FR 3 057 588 - A1

i

The present invention relates to construction elements, in particular terracotta, and works, in particular buildings, made with such elements.

Terracotta is a material widely used in the building industry, due to its good mechanical properties and thermal insulation.

Generally, this material is used in the form of bricks assembled using a mortar to constitute walls. The construction of brick structures remains relatively expensive due to the manpower required.

It has been proposed in patent EP 2,166,169 B1 to use one-piece terracotta elements of large dimension, namely 2700 mm in height and 600 mm in width. These elements are assembled by metal clips configured to snap onto the monoblock elements. In the absence of chaining, the elements cannot be load-bearing and their use is therefore limited to the production of facing.

The invention aims to further improve the construction elements, in particular terracotta, in particular to facilitate the construction of walls using such elements.

A subject of the invention is thus, according to a first of its aspects, a one-piece terracotta building element, having a width greater than or equal to 50 cm and a height greater than or equal to 1.2 m, having a front view at least two lateral notches in the lower part, and comprising at least two vertical reservations opening respectively onto these lateral notches.

The elements can be stacked vertically and / or horizontally.

Such an element turns out to be easy to handle, thanks to the reservations and the notches. In addition, the reservations can be used in the construction of a load-bearing wall by serving as vertical formwork for the vertical chaining provided in masonry according to the Rules of the art.

Preferably, the element also has, in front view, two lateral notches in the upper part. Thus, the element advantageously has four notches arranged in its four corners respectively. The notches in the upper part can be useful for the installation of lintels when openings are made between the elements. The notches in the upper part can be used for lintel formwork.

The aforementioned reservations can thus lead at their upper and lower ends to the lateral notches.

Preferably, the element has internal cells extending over the entire height of the element. Such cells are common for terracotta elements and in particular allow to improve the thermal insulation provided by the element.

The thickness of the element can be between 10 and 40 cm, better between 10 and 30 cm, even better between 15 and 25 cm.

The notches can have a front view of a width of between 10 and 40 cm, better between 10 and 30 cm, even better between 15 and 25 cm.

The notches can have a front view of a height between 10 and 40 cm, better between 10 and 30 cm, even better between 15 and 25 cm.

The element can be between 1.2 m and 5.5 m high, better between 2 and

5.5 m. The element can be between 0.5 m and 5 m wide.

Another subject of the invention, according to another of its aspects, is a range of construction elements according to the invention, with at least two elements of different widths. It is thus possible to choose the elements the width of which is suitable for the structure to be produced, for example by introducing, within the same facade, elements according to the invention of different widths.

The invention also relates to a wall comprising an assembly of at least two construction elements according to the invention, with pouring of concrete in the notches and / or placing in them of junction blocks between elements and / or lintels. Advantageously, concrete is poured into the reservations. These can also be traversed by irons.

Another subject of the invention according to another of its aspects is a method of constructing a wall using elements according to the invention as defined above, in which each element is handled with the crane at using rods or cables introduced into the reservations and held therein by retaining elements, in particular pins, accessible by means of the lower lateral notches, the method comprising placing a construction element at the location desired and removal of the holding elements.

The elements can be placed on a concrete floor.

Two adjacent elements can be assembled by chaining introduced into the adjacent reservations and pouring of concrete in them.

Two adjacent elements are for example assembled with a space between them to make an opening in the wall.

A terminal block can be inserted into the lower side notches below the opening and / or a lintel can be inserted into the upper side notches above the opening.

A reinforced concrete floor can be made above the elements, these being or not load-bearing.

The invention also relates to a structure, in particular a building, produced by implementing the method according to the invention, as defined above.

The invention can be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, of non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:

- Figure 1 shows in isolation in front view an example of a building element according to the invention,

- Figure 2 is a schematic and partial perspective view of the element of Figure 1,

- Figures 3a to 3c illustrate different stages of the installation of an element, and

- Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the assembly of building elements according to the invention to make a wall.

The building element 10 according to the invention, shown in isolation in FIGS. 1 and 2, is made in a single piece of terracotta, and comprises a body 11 of generally square or rectangular shape, the corners of which have lower lateral notches 12 and higher 13.

In the example considered, the lower 12 and upper 13 notches are of the same shape.

The height H of the element 11 is for example between 1.2 m and 5.5 m and its width L between 0.5 and 5 m.

The depth P of the element, that is to say its thickness, is for example of the order of twenty centimeters.

Each lateral notch 12 or 13 has for example a width / of the order of twenty centimeters and a height h of the order of twenty centimeters also.

The elements 11 are traversed, on the projecting lateral portion 15, which extends vertically between the notches 12 and 13 located on the same side of the element, by a reservation 16 which is for example of circular section as illustrated, internal diameter d for example between 10 and 20 centimeters.

The body 11 can be traversed vertically, in particular on its main portion 17 extending between the lateral notches, by cells 18, for example of elongated oblong shape parallel to the planes of the main faces of the element 11.

For the installation of an element 11, it is possible to proceed as illustrated in FIGS. 3a to 3c.

A lifting system is used comprising rods or cables 20, integral with a lifting beam 21 connected to slings 22, as illustrated in FIG. 3a.

The rods or cables 20 are introduced into the reservations 16 and receive on their lower end part 25 holding elements 26 such as pins, which can bear on the lower face 19 of the corresponding side part 15 during lifting.

The elements 11 can be transported and / or stored lying down or in an upright position, for example in racks of the rack type with pre-walls.

The elements 11 can be placed vertically during the advancement of the main structure.

These elements 11 are for example brought, as illustrated in FIG. 3b, onto a concrete floor 30.

The lifting system can be removed once the element 11 has been installed by removing the pins 26, the presence of the lower lateral notches 12 facilitating access to the latter.

The elements 11 can be stabilized, as illustrated in FIG. 3c, using a pushing rod system 33 and / or alignment pieces.

The elements 11 can be placed by joining them by their lateral faces 40, as illustrated in FIG. 4.

It is also possible to space certain elements 11 so as to make openings in bays 45, for the subsequent installation of opening elements for example. In this case, a junction block 50, for example made of reinforced concrete, can be introduced between the elements 11 and engaged in the lower lateral notches 12, as illustrated in FIG. 4.

Similarly, a lintel 52 can be arranged above the opening 45 and engaged in the upper notches 13 opposite.

Preferably, as illustrated in FIG. 5, concrete 60 is poured into the reservations 16, both in those which adjoin the opening 45 and in those of the elements 11 joined together.

In this case, the concrete 60 can also fill the lower 12 and upper 13 notches and participate for example in the immobilization of irons integrated into an upper reinforced concrete floor 80, resting on the elements 11, as illustrated in FIG. 5. This role can still be ensured by a row of conventional masonry.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been given.

In particular, the general shape of the construction elements 11 according to the invention may be other than square, for example rectangular.

The construction elements according to the invention may or may not be load-bearing. In the case of a “column housing” type building, that is to say with concrete floors resting on load-bearing columns, it is possible to delete certain columns and replace them with construction elements according to the invention.

The construction elements may have on at least one of their main faces a facing, for example a coating of the coated type. Preferably, the construction elements are produced by extrusion, but as a variant other techniques for shaping these earth elements can be used before baking. The building elements according to the invention can if necessary be used to constitute a facing.

Although terracotta is preferably used, the element can be made of other mineral materials ensuring mechanical performance and thermal inertia, for example a lightweight concrete, a wood cement composite, a material based on expanded clay balls.

Claims (21)

1. One-piece construction element (10), having a width (L) greater than or equal to 50 cm and a height (H) greater than or equal to 1.2 m, having in front view at least two lateral notches (12) in the lower part, and comprising at least two vertical reservations (16) leading respectively to these lateral notches (12). 2. Element according to claim 1, being made of terracotta. 3. Element according to claim 1 or 2, further having, in front view, two lateral notches (13) in the upper part. 4. Element according to claim 3, the reservations (16) opening at their upper and lower ends on the lateral notches (12, 13). 5. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising internal cells (18) extending over the entire height of the element. 6. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, the thickness (P) of the element (10) being between 10 and 40 cm, better between 10 and 30 cm, even better between 15 and 25 cm. 7. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, the notches having in front view a width (1) of between 10 and 40 cm, better between 10 and 30 cm, even better between 15 and 25 cm. 8. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, the notches having in front view a height (h) of between 10 and 40 cm, better between 10 and 30 cm, even better between 15 and 25 cm. 9. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, being of height (H) between 1.2 m and 5.5 m, better still between 2 and 5.5 m. 10. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, being of width (L) between 0.5 m and 5 m. 11. Range of construction elements (10) each according to any one of the preceding claims, with at least two elements (10) of different widths. 12. Wall comprising an assembly of at least two elements (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, with concrete pouring (60) in the notches (12, 13) and / or installation therein of terminal blocks (50) between elements and / or lintels (51). 13. Wall according to claim 12, the concrete (60) being poured into the reservations (16). 14. Wall according to claim 13, the reservations (16) being traversed by irons. 15. A method of constructing a wall using elements according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in which each element (10) is handled by crane using rods or cables (20 ) introduced into the reservations (16) and maintained therein by retaining elements (26), in particular pins, accessible by means of the notches (12), the method comprising fitting an element (10) to the desired location and removal of the holding elements (26). 16. The method of claim 15, the elements (10) being placed on a concrete floor (30). 17. The method of claim 15 or 16, two adjacent elements (10) being assembled by a chaining introduced in the adjacent reservations (16) and pouring of a concrete (60). 18. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, two adjacent elements (10) being assembled with a space (45) between them to make an opening in the wall. 19. The method of claim 18, a terminal block (50) being inserted into the notches (12) below the opening and / or a lintel (51) being inserted into the notches (13) above the 'opening. 20. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, a reinforced concrete floor (80) being produced above the elements. 21. A structure, in particular a building, produced by implementing the method according to any one of claims 15 to 20. 1/2