FR3051466A1 - COMPOSITION FOR INDUCING A BIOLOGICAL EFFECT ON A PLANT TARGET - Google Patents

Abstract

The composition, according to the present invention, comprises a support that can be distributed over a plant target; the carrier contains microorganisms and their nutritive agent. The carrier comprises a liquid in which the nutrient is soluble. The composition contains a film-forming agent whose distribution on the target ensures the maintenance of microorganisms. The microorganisms remain in the stabilized state of conservation as long as they have not been distributed on the target by the support to induce the expected biological response.

Description

The present invention relates to a composition for inducing a systemic, stimulatory and / or protective or, more generally, biological effect on a plant and / or seeds or plant seeds. For the rest of this patent application, the term "plant target to be treated" will be used to refer to plants (and in particular their aerial parts) as well as their seeds or seeds.

In the French patent published under No. 2990943, it has already been proposed agrogranulates, whose formulation gives them the ability to absorb and release a significant amount of water or aqueous solutions. A granulate has thus been described which can store a liquid that is to be used for the plant; each granulate is a reservoir of products useful for the plant, in particular a sowing agent containing microorganisms, this reservoir being able, as required, to be loaded or unloaded into products useful for the plant. In fact, the aggregates are then distributed over the areas of the plant to be treated. The biological input, which is in the granulate, is fed to the plant both by the solid material of the agrogranulate and by the spreading liquid associated with the granulate, the assembly forming a support, which is distributable on the part of the plant to be treated.

In French Patent No. 3008696, the agrogranules as described in Patent No. 2990943 were used again to use them as a solid support for the multiplication of microorganisms so that the whole constitutes a mini-miner. The minifermenter thus obtained finds its application in the fertilization of a culture soil.

The present invention derives from the technique described in the aforementioned French patents 2990943 and 30086696 for improving the effect induced on plants. According to the invention, it has indeed been found that the biological contribution can be brought to the parts of the plant to be treated by a support having both the functions of the support described in the aforementioned French patents, namely: on the other hand, a function to ensure the distribution and maintenance of the microorganisms on the plant parts to be treated and, on the other hand, a function ensuring the multiplication of the microorganisms placed on the plant. The invention lies, unexpectedly, in the fact that the means required for the execution of the two functions are separated by providing a composition in two separate fractions which are made to act together to achieve the objective, a fraction bringing the microorganisms into situ and the other ensuring their multiplication.

The subject of the present invention is therefore a composition capable of inducing a biological effect on at least a part of a plant target to be treated, which is capable of developing after treatment, the said composition comprising a support which can be distributed on the target at to treat, said support containing microorganisms and a water-soluble nutritive agent consumable by said microorganisms to allow their multiplication, characterized in that the support comprises, on the one hand, an aqueous liquid, in which the nutrient agent of the support is soluble, said a support comprising, on the other hand, a film-forming agent whose distribution on the target ensures a maintenance of the microorganisms by plating on said target, the microorganisms remaining, at least partially, in the stabilized state of conservation as long as they do not were not distributed on the target by the support and then multiplying on said target to induce the biological response e expected.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is packaged in two fractions, on the one hand, a solid fraction in the form of a dry powder, which contains, in the first place, at least one part of the microorganisms in the stabilized state of preservation and, secondly, the sterile particulate support loaded with the nutritive agent, and secondly, a liquid fraction, the use of the composition involving the implementation of both fractions for obtaining the biological effect.

In one embodiment of the composition defined in the preceding paragraph, the solid fraction of the composition further comprises the film-forming agent in the dry state, the liquid fraction then comprising the appropriate liquid for the dissolution of the film-forming agent. . In this same embodiment, the liquid fraction of the composition may contain a portion of the microorganisms of said composition.

In the compositions which have just been defined, the charge of the nutritive agent on the support can be carried out at a high concentration; in this case, in the nutrient loaded on the particulate carrier, each of the nutrients is present in an amount greater than the amount necessary for the growth of microorganism, which is to be developed.

In one embodiment, the nutrient loaded on the particulate carrier is 0.1 to 50% by weight of the particulate carrier loaded; the nutritive agent may further comprise trace elements known to those skilled in the art.

According to one embodiment of the composition according to the invention, in the nutrient loaded on the particulate support, each of the nutrients is present in an amount sufficient for the growth of microorganism, which is to be developed; but it can also be expected that in said nutrient, one of the nutrients is present in an amount greater than the amount necessary for the growth of microorganism, which is to ensure the development.

In the composition according to the invention, the particulate carrier loaded with a nutritive agent may be chosen from biodegradable or non-synthetic or natural supports of vegetable or mineral origin. In particular, the particulate support may be: when it is natural and biodegradable, it is chosen from the group formed by lignocellulosic particles of plant origin, in particular corn stalks, grape seeds, cork, oilseed cake. extraction of vegetable products, chips and broken wood; when it is synthetic, is chosen from the group formed by particles obtained from biodegradable polymers of the polyester family, polylactic acid, acrylic polymers or their derivatives, or from non-biodegradable polymers such as polyethylenes, polyamides, polyurethanes, polymethylsilsesquioxanes, polyvinyl chloride, having an absorbing character; and when it is mineral, is chosen from the group formed by preferably lamellar clays, zeolites, porous silicas, silicates such as kaolinites, talc, sepiolites, pozzolan.

In one embodiment of the composition according to the invention, the film-forming agent is chosen from the group formed by polyethylene glycol, cellulose derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl. cellulose, polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, agar-agar, acacia gum, guar gum, polysaccharides such as galactomannan, xanthagalactomannan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohol ), polyacrylates, alginates, food sugar, starch, proteins such as gelatin, caseinates, or collagen, and mixtures thereof.

When the composition according to the invention is intended for the treatment of the aerial organs of a plant, it is possible to provide that its solid fraction constitutes from 1 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, said fraction containing from 1 to 99 % by weight of sterile particulate carrier loaded with nutrient, the liquid fraction containing from 0.01% to 20% by weight of film-forming agent.

When the composition according to the invention is intended for the treatment of seeds, it is possible to provide that its solid fraction constitutes from 1 to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and contains from 1 to 99% by weight of particulate support. loaded sterile containing from 0.1 to 50% by weight of nutrient.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises a solid fraction, which contains a particulate moisture-regulating moisture-regulating support; this support can be of the same nature as that which is loaded with nutritive agent.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention contains, in its liquid fraction, suspended microorganisms in the stabilized state of preservation, said liquid fraction being added to the solid fraction just before the distribution of the composition on the target. .

The present invention also relates to the use of a composition as defined above.

According to a first use, after mixing the two fractions of the composition, the liquid mixture is sprayed on seeds and / or on the aerial parts of a plant.

According to another variant of use, intended for the treatment of seeds, the liquid fraction is applied to form a film for the seeds to be treated and the solid fraction is applied to the seeds thus coated, a short drying being, if necessary, carried out on the seeds before their conditioning.

According to another mode of use, for the treatment of seeds, the liquid fraction is applied to form a film on the seeds, the solid fraction is then applied to the film-coated seeds and the excess moisture is allowed to be absorbed without drying on a particulate carrier hydrorétenteur before conditioning.

In the case where it is desired to treat the seeds, it is also possible to apply successively to the surface of the seeds a liquid fraction and then a solid fraction of the composition to obtain film-coated seeds and then the seeds are submitted. thus pretreated to a new application of the liquid fraction of the composition for coating the seeds particulate support particles, which are already in place by laminating, the seeds then being, if necessary, subjected to drying before packaging.

In this type of treatment, it is possible to set up, after the microorganisms, several successive film coatings with fractions of composition having different formulations, so that the film covering a seed can reach a substantial thickness, thus making it possible to obtain coated seeds, the drying step may furthermore have no more interest.

In the compositions according to the invention, the person skilled in the art can add known formulating agents; in the liquid fraction it is possible, for example, to add thixotropic agents, dyes, thickeners or dispersants.

The microorganisms of the composition according to the invention are marketed in packages in the form of suspension in a liquid or in the form of lyophilized powder. In both cases, the microorganisms are in the stabilized state of conservation, that is, they are viable but do not multiply in their storage packaging. As is apparent from the characteristics defined above, each of the two fractions, solid and liquid, of the composition according to the invention is capable of containing microorganisms; when in the form of a liquid suspension, they are preferably added at the last moment before application of the composition to the target. In general, the composition according to the invention makes it possible, in a long-term effective manner, to treat a plant target by the use of microorganisms, which induce a protective and / or effector positive effect. Said target is subject to the vagaries of climatic conditions, including successive leaching due to rain, or more generally to ambient humidity, conditions which have the effect of evacuating from the target both the microorganisms and the nutrient agent, which has the effect of reducing or canceling the beneficial effects of treatment after each rainy episode. On the contrary, the composition according to the invention makes it possible to plate the microorganisms as well as the particulate support on the target; the leaching of the nutrient carrier provides nutrients needed for restarting and growing microorganisms of interest.

It is also known that certain microorganisms are inhibited by a too high concentration of nutrient.

Several examples of implementation of the invention will be given below. In the examples, the term "nutrient" is generally used to refer to a mixture of several nutrients.

EXAMPLE 1 Comparative Tests for Leaching a Solid Fraction of Composition According to the Invention for the Growth of Mycorrhizae of the Genus Glomus Intraradices This example serves to verify that the nutrient incorporated in the particulate support reservoir is progressively released by the effects. leaching for the benefit of mycorrhizae in the area. 1. Elaboration of an aqueous nutrient solution suitable for mycorrhizae of the genus Glomus intraradices

In an Erlenmeyer flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, 67.17 g of water are poured; the Erlenmeyer flask is placed in a water bath heated to 40 ° C. and stirring is carried out at 250 rpm. 18.15 g of malt extract (sold under the trade name "dark malt 57 EBC" by the company "Brewferm") are introduced into Perlenmeyer and the stirring is maintained for 5 minutes. 7.34 g of dextrose (pure dextrose monohydrate sold by the company "Louis François") are then introduced into the Erlenmeyer flask, the stirring being maintained for 5 minutes; 7.34 g of yeast extract (granules sold by the company "Merck") are finally added to the Erlenmeyer flask, and stirring is maintained for 5 minutes; the nutrient solution is then allowed to cool to room temperature. For the realization of all the examples given in this description, the same raw material has always been chosen as defined by the same commercial reference, unless explicitly stated otherwise. 2. Elaboration of a solid fraction intended for a composition according to the invention

In a glass reactor of one liter, preheated to 65 ° C, is introduced 70 g of corn cob particles of 250 μτη sold by the company "Eurocob" under the name "Eu-Grits * 100"; the reactor is equipped with a stir bar stirrer which is rotated at 250 rpm; after stirring for 10 minutes, the solution prepared in point 1 above, which constitutes the nutritive agent, is introduced into the reactor; this introduction is carried out in 20 minutes. 5 g of coconut oil, previously liquefied, are then added dropwise and, after stirring for 10 minutes, the preheating of the reactor is stopped and it is allowed to cool to room temperature, coconut being used to retard the release of the coconut oil. nutrient in the water.

The powder obtained is homogeneous, well dry, free of lumps and of good flowability. It is sterilized at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes in an autoclave and, after cooling, it is placed in a container which is hermetically closed.

The product thus obtained constitutes the particulate nutrient-laden carrier of the solid fraction of the composition according to the invention, said nutritive agent being intended for the growth of mycorrhizae. 3. Simulation of forced extraction leaching in the water of the nutrient agent incorporated in the solid fraction:

5 g of the powder obtained in point 2 above are taken; the powder is introduced into a 100 ml volumetric flask and made up with purified water. The contents of the flask were shaken at 250 rpm (magnetic stirrer) for 4 hours at room temperature; the suspension No. 1 obtained is centrifuged at 4000 rpm; the supernatant is recovered and the amount of nutritive agent is measured by laser refractometry.

The pellet formed by the stalk powder is recovered and subjected once again to extraction in water under the same conditions; the suspension No. 2 obtained is centrifuged; the supernatant is recovered and the amount of nutrient is measured as for the first extraction. For the first extraction, the nutrient level remaining in the corncob particles is 50%, while for the second extraction it is 28%. 4. Growth test of mycorrhizae using the supernatants obtained in point 3 of the present example:

1.2 g Agar-agar is introduced into a bottle sterilizable in an autoclave; 0.2 g of a fine-grained calcium carbonate sold under the name "Durcal 40 *" by the company "Comyatel" is added thereto; 98.6 g of sterilized water are added thereto; the bottle is sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting agar is poured under flame into Petri dishes.

In an Erlenmeyer flask, a suspension stabilized mycorrhizal suspension (800 spores / L) in freeze-dried powder is suspended in each of the supernatants No. 1 and 2 obtained in point 3 above; as a control, a suspension of mycorrhizae at 800 spores / L in sterile water is also carried out. The Petri dishes are inoculated with 2 ml of each of the three suspensions; they are placed in an incubator at 30 ° C. and the microorganisms are allowed to grow for 72 hours before reading.

In FIG. 1, the Petri dishes obtained as indicated above were presented. Photograph (a) shows the control without nutrients; the photographs (b) and (c) respectively show the growths obtained with the supernatants n ° 1 and 2. 5. Use of the composition according to the invention:

If a composition is produced according to the invention comprising a solid fraction corresponding to that obtained as indicated in point 2 of the present example, it is found, by providing said composition on seeds, a growth of the mycorrhizae of the plants of the culture despite the effects of leaching induced by rain or ambient humidity. Indeed, as shown in the photographs of Figure 1, the particulate support partially protects the nutrient effects of leaching and the amount of nutrient released to each of these leachings is sufficient to allow a restart of growth of mycorrhizae. This establishes the surprising effectiveness of such a composition when it is put in place, for example, for soya beans coated at a rate of 75 kg / hectare; Mycorrhizae of the genus Glomus intraradices bring a beneficial effect to the growth of soybean plants.

EXAMPLE 2 Influence of the Nutrient-Loaded Particulate Support on the Growth of Mycorrhizae of the Genus Glomus Intraradices 1. Preparation of the Liquid Suspensions Required for the Test:

In an Erlenmeyer flask, 5 g of the nutrient-loaded corn cob powder, obtained in point 2 of Example 1, are introduced. In this Erlenmeyer flask, a stabilized mycorrhizal inoculum is introduced in the form of a lyophilized powder to obtain a suspension at 800 spores / L and complete with 94 g of sterilized water so as to obtain 100 g of suspension.

In another Erlenmeyer flask, 0.23 g of malt extract, 0.09 g of dextrose and 0.09 g of yeast extract (granules supplied by the company "Merck") are placed; 99.59 g of sterilized water are added and the same inoculum of mycorrhizae is introduced as in the first Erlenmeyer flask, so as to obtain also a suspension at 800 spores / L.

There were thus obtained two suspensions each containing the same amount of microorganisms and nutrient. In the first suspension (No. 1), the nutrient is incorporated in the particulate carrier, while in the second suspension (No. 2), it is in aqueous solution in the medium. 2. Growth tests for mycorrhizae in the suspensions obtained in point 1 of the present example:

Agar plates containing agar are prepared as indicated in the first paragraph of point 4 of Example 1. These plates are inoculated with 2 ml of suspensions # 1 and # 2 obtained in point 1 of this example. ; as in Example 1, as a control, some Petri dishes are inoculated with a suspension of mycorrhizae at 800 spores / L in sterile water. The inoculated dishes are placed in an incubator heated to 30 ° C and the mycorrhizae are allowed to grow for 72 hours. 3. Leaching test of Petri dishes:

The leachings of the cultures in the petri dishes are carried out, under flame, using a micropipette, pouring 10 ml of sterile water on the agar before placing the cans in the incubator for a subsequent leaching.

The results obtained are shown in FIG. 2. In this figure, the two Petri dishes of line a have not been leached with sterile water, whereas the petri dishes of lines b and c have been leached. , for the first, once and for the second, twice. The Petri dishes of line b are those which were incubated with suspension No. 1 defined in point 2 of this example and that of line c are those incubated with suspension No. 2.

Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the successive washes result in the leaching of the mycorrhizae and the nutritive agent when it is not incorporated into the corn cobs and that the particles of the stalks tend to fix mycorrhizae and, consequently, to limit their leaching. It is also seen that, thanks to nutrient laden stalks, the growth of microorganisms continues even after leaching.

If a composition according to the invention comprising a solid fraction corresponding to that obtained as indicated in point 2 of the present example is produced, it is found, by bringing the composition into the cultivated soil, a growth of the mycorrhizae of the plants of the culture in spite of the effects of leaching induced by rain or ambient humidity. The present example shows that particulate support tends to fix mycorrhizae and that growth of microorganisms continues despite leaching.

Example 3: Growth test of mycorrhizae of the genus Glomus intraradices on ivy leaves 1. Preparation of ivy leaves:

Ivy leaves are taken directly from the plants; they are cleaned with soapy water soaked in wiping paper; the cleaned leaves are immersed in a bath of bleach for 5 minutes; the leaves are rinsed with warm water and allowed to dry for 1 hour under a stream of sterile air.

1.2 g Agar-agar are introduced into an autoclavable sterilized glass bottle. The medium is sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes and the agars obtained are poured under flame into the Petri dishes. After cooling and taking agar plate, one leaves a leaf of ivy in each of the Petri dishes. 2. Preparation of the compositions to be tested

In an Erlenmeyer flask, 5 g of the powder of nutrient-loaded corncob particles obtained at point 2 of Example 1 are introduced into the Erlenmeyer flask. A stabilized mycorrhizal inoculum, in freeze-dried powder, is introduced into the Erlenmeyer flask. to obtain a suspension at 800 spores / L. 0.15 g of a film-forming agent (galactomanane sold under the trade name "Deuteron VT" and sold by the company "Dow") are introduced into the Erlenmeyer flask; it is completed with 94.85 g of sterilized water so as to obtain 100 g of suspension No. 4.

In a second Erlenmeyer flask, 0.23 g of malt extract, 0.09 g of dextrose and 0.09 g of yeast extract are added in 99.59 g of sterilized water. The same inoculum of mycorrhizae is introduced so as to obtain a suspension No. 5 at 800 spores / L.

In a third Erlenmeyer flask, the operations carried out in the second Erlenmeyer flask are repeated, but 0.15 g of the film-forming agent "Deuteron VT" is added to obtain a suspension No. 6, the sterilized water being in sufficient quantity per 100 g.

There are thus obtained three suspensions each containing the same amount of spores and nutrient. Suspension No. 4 contains the nutrient incorporated into the stalks and a film-forming agent; suspension No. 5 contains the nutrient in solution in the medium; and the suspension No. 6 contains the same elements as the suspension No. 5 as well as the film-forming agent. 3. Inoculation of mycorrhizae on leaf:

2 ml of each suspension is inoculated on the surface of an ivy leaf placed in its petri dish. The Petri dishes are then placed in an incubator heated at 30 ° C for 72 hours. The leaves on agar medium are then rinsed with the micropipette with 10 ml of sterile water and the media are returned to the incubator for another 72 hours at 30 ° C. The results are given in FIG. 3. In this figure, the line (a) represents the Petri dishes inoculated with the suspensions 4, 5 and 6 having undergone 72 hours of growth at 30 ° C .; and line (b) represents the boxes of line (a) after they have been washed with sterile water and a second incubation at 30 ° C. The examination of FIG. 3 makes it possible to conclude that the mycorrhizae and their nutritive agent are retained on the sheet only in the presence of the film-forming agent and the nutrient-loaded cake particles. In addition, after leaching, there are no more or very few mycorrhizae on the leaf except in the case of the suspension No. 4 containing the film-forming agent and nutrient-laden cake particles. Finally the colonies fixed on the leaf and which resisted the leaching continue to grow.

It is therefore found that a composition according to the invention, which comprises, in its solid fraction, a particulate carrier loaded with a nutritive agent and, in its liquid fraction, a water-soluble film-forming agent, reduces the disadvantages of leaching due to rainwater. or the ambient humidity, because the nutrient, which remains after successive leaching, ensures growth of mycorrhizae. The examples provided in this application establish that the composition is surprisingly effective when placed in a culture.

Example 4: Formulation of a Streptomyces-Based Slurry for Antifungal Treatment of Sheets 1. Preparation of an aqueous nutrient solution:

The procedure is as in Example 1 of Example 1. 2. Preparation of a solid fraction loaded with nutrients for the growth of Streptomyces In a 1-liter glass reactor preheated to 65 ° C. in an oil bath, 70 g of corn cob particles identical to those used in Example 1 are introduced. A stir bar stirrer is actuated at 250 rpm for 10 minutes and 25 g of the solution of the solution are introduced into the reactor. nutrient prepared in point 1 of the present example; 5 g of pre-liquefied copper oil are then added dropwise and, after stirring for 10 minutes, the reactor is removed from its oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature.

The nutrient-laden powder thus obtained is homogeneous, dry, lump-free and of good flowability. For its preservation, the powder is sterilized at 120 ° C for 20 minutes by autoclaving and placed, after cooling, in a container that is sealed. 3. Formulation of the solid fraction of a composition according to the invention

In a 1-liter glass reactor, 100 g of bacteria inoculum of the Streptomyces type (marketed by the Institut Pasteur), in the stabilized state, are introduced into freeze-dried powder. 500 g of nutrient loaded powder as obtained in point 2 of the present example is then added. 50 g of a film-forming agent (hydroxyl methyl cellulose) sold under the name "Methocel 311" by the company "Dow" are then added. The magnetic stirring of the reactor is started for 20 minutes to obtain a homogeneous powder mixture.

For the implementation of the composition, the powder thus prepared is dispersed in water and then sprayed onto the aerial parts of the plants to be treated for antifungal treatment.

Example 5 Composition based on Rhizobium japonicum for coating soybean seeds 1. Preparation of an aqueous nutrient solution:

80 g of water are introduced into an Erlenmeyer flask placed in a water bath heated to 40 ° C .; 18.15 g of D-mannitol (supplied by the company "VWR") are then introduced with stirring (stir bar stirrer at 250 rpm for 5 minutes). Finally, 1.85 g of dextrose are introduced into the Erlenmeyer flask with the same agitation for 5 minutes; after which, the stirring is stopped and allowed to cool to room temperature. 2. Preparation of a solid fraction of composition according to the invention charged with a nutritive agent for the growth of Rhizobiums:

In a 1-liter glass reactor preheated to 65 ° C. in an oil bath, 70 g of cork particles of 250 μιη are introduced. The magnetic rod stirrer of the reactor is operated for 10 minutes at 250 rpm. 25 g of the nutrient solution prepared in point 1 of the present example are then introduced, this introduction taking place in 20 minutes. 5 g of pre-liquefied copper oil are added dropwise and, after stirring for 10 minutes, the reactor is taken out of its oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature.

The nutrient-laden cork powder is homogeneous, dry, lump-free and of good flowability. For its preservation, it is sterilized at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes in an autoclave and, after cooling, it is placed in a container which is hermetically sealed. 3. Formulation of a composition according to the invention intended for the coating soybean seeds: In a pram (BASSINA BA machine, 15 ribs supplied by the company "Rollermac srl"), 100 g of soybean PR39F58 seed. The agitation of the seeds and the blower of the dry air are started. A slurry of porcine gelatin is then sprayed as a film-forming agent at a level of 6% by weight and a liquid inoculum of Rhizobium stabilized at a level of 1 g / l in sterile water to form the liquid fraction intended to moisten and then to be film-coated. the tall. This projection of liquid fraction is carried out on the seeds to the extent of 7 g. 7 g of the nutrient-laden cork powder obtained in point 2 of the present example are then sprayed until the seeds are covered and dried. The two previous operations are repeated four times until the thickness of the seed coating reaches 1 mm. The seeds are then stored in the open air for 12 hours before being packaged in sachets.

Claims (19)

1. Composition capable of inducing a biological effect on at least a portion of a plant target to be treated, which is likely to develop after treatment, said composition comprising a support distributable on the target to be treated, said support containing micro-organisms and a water-soluble nutritive agent that can be consumed by said micro-organisms to allow their multiplication, characterized in that the support comprises, on the one hand, an aqueous liquid, in which the nutritive agent of the support is soluble, said support containing, on the other hand, a a film-forming agent distributed on the target so as to ensure a maintenance of the micro-organisms by plating on said target, the micro-genes remaining at least partially in the stabilized state of conservation as long as they have not been distributed on the target by the support and then multiplying on said target to induce the expected biological response. 2. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is packaged in two fractions, on the one hand, a solid fraction in the form of a dry powder, which contains, in the first place, at least a part of the micro-organisms at the same time. stabilized state of preservation and, secondly, the sterile particulate carrier of the nutrient, and secondly, a liquid fraction, the use of the composition involving the implementation of the two fractions to obtain the biological effect. 3. Composition according to claim 2, characterized in that its solid fraction further comprises the film-forming agent, the liquid fraction then comprising the appropriate liquid for the dissolution of the film-forming agent. 4. Composition according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the liquid fraction of the composition contains a part of the micro-organisms of the composition. 5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the load of the nutrient on the support is carried out at a high concentration. 6. Composition according to one of claims 2 and 5, characterized in that, in the nutrient loaded on the particulate support, each of the nutrients is present in an amount greater than the amount necessary for the growth of micro-geism, which one wants to ensure development. 7. Composition according to one of claims 2, 3, 5 and 6, characterized in that the nutrient chaigé on the particulate support is from 0.1 to 50% by weight of chained particulate support. 8. Composition according to one of claims 2, 3, 5 and 6, characterized in that the particulate carrier is selected from the group consisting of lignocellulosic particles of plant origin, in particular corn cobs, grape seeds. , cork, vegetable oil cake, chips and broken wood. 9. Composition according to one of claims 2, 3, 5 and 6, characterized in that the particulate support is selected from the group formed by the particles obtained from the biodegradable polymers of the family of polyesters, polylactic acid , acrylic polymers or their derivatives, or from non-biodegradable polymers such as polyethylenes, polyamides, polyurethanes, polymethylsilsesquioxanes, polyvinyl chloride, having an absorbing character. 10. Composition according to one of claims 2, 3, 5 and 6, characterized in that the particulate carrier is selected from the group consisting of preferably lamellar clays, zeoüthes, porous silicas, silicates such as kaolinites , talc, sepiolites, pozzolan. 11. Composition according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the film-forming agent is chosen from the group formed by polyethylene glycol, the cellulose derivatives chosen from sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose. hydroxypropylcellulose, polysaccharides selected from xanthan gum, agar-agar, acacia gum, guar gum, polysaccharides selected from galactomannan, xanthagalactomannan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, alginates, food sugar, starch, proteins selected from gelatin, caseinates, or collagen, and mixtures thereof. 12. Composition according to one of claims 2 to 4, for the treatment of aerial organs of a plant, characterized in that its solid fraction constitutes from 1 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, said fraction containing from 1 to 99% by weight of sterile particulate nutrient-laden carrier, the liquid fraction containing from 0.01% to 20% by weight of film former. 13. Composition according to one of claims 2 to 4, for the treatment of seeds, characterized in that its solid fraction is 1 to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and contains from 1 to 99% by weight of charged sterile particulate carrier containing from 0.1 to 50% by weight of nutrient. 14. Composition according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that its solid fraction contains a particulate moisture-regulating moisture-regulating support. 15. Use of a composition according to one of claims 2 to 4 and 12 to 14, characterized in that its liquid fraction contains suspended microorganisms in the stabilized state and is added to the solid fraction just before the distribution of the composition on the target. 16. Use of a composition according to one of claims 2 to 4 and 12 to 15, characterized in that after mixing the two fractions of the composition, the liquid mixture is sprayed on seeds and / or on the parts. of a plant. 17. Use of a composition according to claims 2 to 4 and 12 to 15 taken simultaneously, characterized in that the liquid fraction is applied to form a film on the seeds to be treated, which is applied the solid fraction on the seeds and filmed, and if necessary, a short drying of the seeds before their conditioning. 18. Use of a composition according to claim 14, characterized in that the liquid fraction is applied to form a film on the seeds, then the solid fraction is applied to the film-coated seeds and the excess is left behind. moisture is absorbed without drying on the particulate hydroretenteur carrier before conditioning. 19. Use of a composition according to claims 2 and 13 taken simultaneously, characterized in that one applies successively to the seed surface a liquid fraction and a solid fraction of the composition to obtain film-coated seeds and then one subjecting the seeds thus pretreated to a new application of the liquid fraction of the composition to deposit on the seeds particles of particulate support, which are already put in place by lamination, the seeds then being, if necessary, subjected to drying before their conditioning.