FR3048705A1 - MAINTENANCE ARTICLE AND CLEANING DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH A MAINTENANCE ARTICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the present invention is a cleaning article (1) for cleaning a given surface comprising a three-dimensional textile piece (2) of unitary knitted construction comprising a first knitted textile layer (3) and a second knitted textile layer (4), connected by connecting threads (5) extending between the first textile layer (3) and the second textile layer (4). The first layer (3) comprises, on its outer face (3a) called cleaning, microfibres, and optionally scraping fibers having a titration greater than 1 dtex, and the connecting son (5) form an intermediate layer (7). ) absorbing water.

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of maintenance articles for cleaning floor surfaces as well as cleaning devices for the implementation of such maintenance items and methods of manufacturing such maintenance items.

Background of the invention

When it is desired to clean a floor surface, it is known to use cleaning articles comprising, according to their lower cleaning surface, a textile consisting of loops and / or microfibre bristles and loops and / or fiber bristles. having a titration greater than 1 dtex, also referred to as scraping fibers. Microfibers are known to form an extremely dense capillary network that gives them excellent liquid absorption and good recovery of smaller particles, such as dust. Microfibers in the present text include all fibers whose titration is less than or equal to 1 dtex.

The loops or bristles formed by fibers having a titre greater than 1 dtex confer an abrasive or scraping power to said maintenance article in order to detach any dirt disposed on the surface to be cleaned.

Microfibres have such an absorbing power that if they constitute the entire cleaning surface, the maintenance item handled remotely using a tray and a broom, so strongly adheres to the floor to be cleaned, in particular when the maintenance article is wet, the user can no longer move the article (it is called "suction effect" generated by the capillary network). If the article of maintenance is too difficult to handle, it can cause musculoskeletal disorders (so-called TMS) for the user, especially when the user performs these repetitive tasks daily.

To overcome this disadvantage, and improve the ergonomics of maintenance articles, scraping fibers having a title greater than 1 dtex are arranged alternately with said microfibers. Scraping fibers having a higher titer than that of microfibres, are more rigid and form points of support according to the so-called cleaning surface on which the maintenance article can slide on the surface of the soil to be cleaned. Generally, such maintenance articles comprise, according to their lower surfaces - intended to form the so-called cleaning surface coming into contact with the floor - about 50% by weight of microfibers with respect to the proportion by weight of fibers on said lower faces, the remainder being fibers having a titre greater than 1 dtex.

These maintenance articles may be laminated with a foam or comprise other absorbent textile panels disposed on their upper faces.

Such maintenance articles are thus limited in the amount of microfiber that their cleaning surfaces can present as well as in their fineness (or dtex title). In fact, the finer the microfibers (ie, the lower their titre (dtex)), the better they absorb the liquids and recover the dust present on the ground, but the more they tend to adhere to the floor cleaning surface, making their difficult use.

Moreover, since microfibers have a higher absorption and recovery capacity than scratching fibers, there is therefore an interest in seeking the optimization of their quantity and / or fineness according to the cleaning surface of the articles. interview. At each surface and cleaning area determined is a maintenance item, especially when the cleaning is done by professionals in professional premises. For the cleaning of the floor surfaces of rooms in which we try to control and avoid the production of particles (dust, hair, skins, ....), it is important not to introduce into these pieces of maintenance items likely to release these particles. Such parts may be, for example, clean rooms, surgical rooms, manufacturing rooms for electronic or pharmaceutical products. Maintenance items used for cleaning these parts can even be washed and sterilized before use. The maintenance articles used to date to clean these parts are in the form of a multilayer complex. This complex comprises two outer layers between which are disposed a plurality of felt or other absorbent layers, such as nonwovens. The outer layer may comprise microfibers. The complex further comprises a seam, for example an overlock, performed all around its periphery to maintain the layers together and limit the loss of particles. A transverse seam over the entire thickness of the complex is also required to prevent the multiple intermediate layers from twisting in the pocket delimited between the outer layers secured along their edges and facilitate handling of the complex. This type of complex has an absorption rate of between 200% and 400% water relative to its dry mass.

The presence of multiple seams and many layers makes tedious and expensive the making of such a multilayer complex. In addition, the presence of seams and many layers promotes the release of particles. Finally the multilayered structure superimposed makes it difficult to return water absorbed and limits the surface area to be cleaned to 15m2.

There is therefore a need for a maintenance article having a high water absorption capacity, limiting the release of particles and the proliferation of bacteria.

There is also a need for a simplified maintenance article, which can be reusable and therefore washable, with good washing behavior, and ergonomic.

Finally, there is a need for a maintenance item that is easily recyclable, and a controlled manufacturing cost to be disposable (single use).

Object and summary of the invention

The subject of the present invention is, according to a first aspect, a maintenance article for cleaning a given surface, overcoming all or part of the above-mentioned problems, advantageously comprising a textile piece in three dimensions, of unitary knitted construction. , comprising a first knitted textile layer and a second knitted textile layer, connected by connecting threads extending between the first textile layer and the second textile layer. The first textile layer comprises, on its outer face called cleaning, microfibers, and possibly scraping fibers having a titration greater than 1 dtex. In addition, the bonding wires form a water-absorbing intermediate layer.

Advantageously, the intermediate layer comprising the connecting son is capable of returning the absorbed water gradually for cleaning the determined surface.

Advantageously, the textile piece being of unitary knit construction, its construction is simplified. The ergonomics of the article of maintenance is also improved compared to multi-layer complexes of the state of the art.

The fact that the maintenance article is in one piece facilitates its cutting, thus avoiding multiple cuts of several layers for assembly.

It is understood by the expression "a textile piece of unitary knitted construction" that the textile piece comprising the first and second knitted textile layers and the intermediate layer comprising the binding threads, is integrally formed by knitting on a knitting machine.

By medium title (dtex), it is understood fibers present on the so-called cleaning surface, and generally fibers in the textile part according to the invention, the weight average of the titers (dtex) of the different fibers.

Fiber (either a scraping fiber or a microfiber), a fiber or a filament is referred to herein as the fiber.

Preferably, the first layer is different from the second layer, in particular because of their fiber composition and / or their mesh pattern. Even more preferably, the second textile layer (considered without the connecting threads) does not include microfibers.

Preferably, the first layer is the functional layer of the knitted fabric piece supporting the scraping fibers and / or the microfibers while the second layer provides the three-dimensional configuration of the textile piece by its connection with the first layer by the intermediate connecting wires.

The scraping fibers according to the invention are preferably multi-filament yarns and / or monofilament yarns, having a titre greater than 1 dtex, in particular each filament of a multifilament yarn and / or a monofilament yarn has a title greater than 1 dtex.

The term microfiber refers to a fiber or filament. A microfiber is thus preferably in the form of a (micro) filament of a multi-filament yarn (the said filaments being able to be irregular because of their method of production, well known to those skilled in the art).

The microfibers and the scraping fibers, and optionally the bonding yarns, are preferably chosen from the following polymers: polyamide 6, polyamide 6-6, polyamide 4-6, polyamide 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polyethylene, or mixtures thereof preferably polyethylene terephthalate.

Advantageously, the knitted textile piece is in a single polymer, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which facilitates its recycling.

In one embodiment, the knitted textile piece is in one or more thermoplastic polymer (s) material (s).

Microfibers, in particular each microfilament of a multifilament yarn, preferably have a titer of less than or equal to 1 dtex, preferably less than or equal to 0.87 dtex.

Preferably, the microfibers, in particular each microfilament of a multi-filament yarn, have a title of the order of 0.58 dtex or 0.26 dtex, within +/- 0.15 dtex.

Preferably, the microfibers are in the form of multifilament yarns. Such a multi-filament yarn may be, for example, a multi-filament yarn of 167 dtex for 192 filaments or 288 filaments, or 78 dtex for 300 filaments.

Preferably, the scraping fibers, in particular each filament of a multifilament scraping yarn and / or a monofilament scraping yarn, have a titre greater than 1 dtex, more preferably greater than or equal to 3 dtex, in particular less than or equal to 65 dtex, more particularly less than or equal to 46 dtex.

The calculation of the title (dtex) of a fiber (and therefore of a thread) is well known to those skilled in the art, there are many standards that allow to calculate it, including in particular the following standards cited in a non-exhaustive way : - NF GO1-OO1: Linear mass expression - TEX system; - NF EN ISO 1973: Determination of linear density: gravimetric method and vibroscope method; - ISO 7211-5: 1984: Fabrics. Construction. Method of analysis. Part 5: Determination of the linear density of a yarn taken from a fabric.

The values given in this text are indicated at plus or minus 10%.

In a variant, the first textile layer and the second textile layer are each a knitted mesh knit.

This arrangement makes it possible to arrange the scraping fibers and the microfibers according to numerous patterns and / or to arrange days in the first layer of varied size and shape.

The three-dimensional textile piece according to the invention is preferably knitted on a knitting machine comprising two needle beds (or beds), for example a Rachel knitting machine, such as those marketed by the company Karl Mayer.

In one variant, the connecting threads comprise microfibers.

Advantageously, the textile piece according to the invention makes it possible to reach water absorption thresholds of the order of 600%, which is very clearly greater than the absorption capacity of the multilayer complexes of the state of the art. between 200% and 400%.

In a variant, the connecting son comprise monofilament son.

This arrangement improves the compressive strength between the first and second layers of the textile piece, as well as the ergonomics of the article of maintenance since its hold is improved.

Preferably, a monofilament yarn has a titre greater than or equal to 20 dtex and less than or equal to 60 dtex, in particular less than or equal to 50 dtex.

In a variant, a monofilament yarn has a diameter greater than or equal to 10 microns, preferably greater than or equal to 15 microns, in particular less than or equal to 90 microns, more particularly less than or equal to 70 microns.

In one variant, the connecting threads comprise microfibers and monofilament yarns.

In one variant, the three-dimensional textile piece comprises, depending on all or part of its periphery, a zone of attachment in which the first and second textile layers, and the connecting threads, are heat-welded.

Preferably, the welding zone is obtained by ultrasonic welding.

In the weld zone, the first and second layers as well as the bonding wires are melted, at least partially, there is no space generated between holes and sewing threads as is the case in the state of the art, which avoids, or at least limit, the emission of particles by the intermediate layer outside the maintenance article.

The securing zone could also be performed, alternatively, by sewing, but this technique represents less advantages in the context of the present invention.

In addition, the maintenance article with a heat-sealed fastening zone has a radically different aspect of articles of the state of the art, and improved aesthetics.

In one embodiment, the weld zone is preferably obtained during the cutting of the textile piece in the textile panel.

Advantageously, the cutting of the textile piece and the finishing of its border are performed in one and the same operation.

In a variant, the intermediate layer has a thickness greater than or equal to 1 mm, preferably less than or equal to 20 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 10 mm, in particular less than or equal to 6 mm.

In a variant, the first textile layer comprises days, in particular having at least one dimension greater than or equal to 1 mm. By definition, a day is a zone without fibers.

These days lead to the intermediate layer which facilitates the absorption of fluid, in particular water, by the intermediate layer, in particular by the connecting son.

These days in the first layer can have any shape from the moment that they come to the intermediate layer.

In a variant, the first textile layer comprises, on its outer face, said cleaning surface, alternating microfibers with scraping fibers in a first pattern.

In a variant, the outer face of the first layer comprises a front portion and a rear portion in the extension of one another having respective outer faces, the front portion comprises, according to its outer face, microfibers and fibers. scraping, the rear portion comprises, according to its outer face, microfibres, and possibly scraping fibers having a title greater than 1 dtex. The average Tl (dtex) titer of the microfibers and scraping fibers on said outer face of the front portion is greater than or equal to 0.5 dtex, the average tetrap T2 (dtex) of the microfibres, and possibly scraping fibers, on the outer face of the rear portion is less than or equal to 2 dtex, and the average title T1 (dtex) is different from the average title T2 (dtex).

Advantageously, the capillary network between the front and rear parts is differentiated, the maintenance article has a power of adhesion on the different floor cleaning surface between the outer face of the front part and the outer face of the rear part. and therefore a capacity for recovery and absorption of different soils between these parts.

The titration intervals specified for each of the parts give the outer face of the front part the sliding function on the floor surface to be cleaned. The outer face of the front part thus forms the face "attack", that is to say the face from which the user slides the maintenance item on the ground surface.

The weights (g) and title (dtex) indicated relative to the first (or second) layer are calculated on the first (or second) layer free of the connecting wires. Indeed, the bonding wires extending between the first and second layers are bonded to the structure of the first (and second) layer but are not counted as part of the first (or second) layer. when calculations are made concerning the average titre of the first layer (with respect to the microfibers and / or the scraping fibers) and the weight (g) of the first layer.

The inventors have thus surprisingly observed that the outer face of the front part takes off the stains and recovers them thanks to the microfibers which it comprises and that the external face of the rear part recovers even more dust and other soiling than that of the front part. This finding is made visually.

In addition, the user has no difficulty in sliding the maintenance item on the ground surface as it begins the movement of said article according to its so-called cleaning surface by the outer face of the front portion.

The front and rear parts are in the extension of one another and consist of the first textile layer.

The specified values for the average strengths or the proportions by weight of fibers are calculated with respect to the fibers present on the outer surfaces of the front and back portions of the first layer, which are free of the connecting threads.

In a variant, the average title T1 (dtex) is greater than the average title T2 (dtex).

In a variant, the rear portion of the first layer comprises, according to its external face, a proportion by weight of microfibers greater than the proportion by weight of microfibres of the front part, relative to the total weight of the first layer.

In a variant, the microfibres and the scraping fibers on the outer face of the front part of the first layer are alternately alternated according to a given first pattern, and the microfibers and the scratching fibers on the outer face of the rear part. of the first layer are alternately repeated in a second given pattern, possibly the first pattern is different from the second pattern.

In a variant, the first pattern and / or the second pattern is / are chosen from: alternating continuous or discontinuous lines of microfibers and / or scraping fibers, zigzags of microfibres and / or fibers of scratching, islands or localized areas of scratch or microfiber fibers.

In a variant, the second layer comprises, according to its external face, fastening means capable of cooperating with complementary fastening means arranged on the plate of a broom.

Said fastening means may be formed by the structure of the second textile layer, in particular knitted, so as to cooperate with the complementary fastening means, such as hooks.

In one variant, the textile part comprises two lateral pockets formed by folding and partially joining the two lateral ends of said part, in particular according to at least said joining zone, each pocket being arranged so as to be able to receive a lateral end. a tray of a cleaning device.

Advantageously, the two lateral ends of the knitted piece are folded on themselves and secured so as to form pockets.

Preferably, the pockets are formed by joining their edges to the bonding zone (heat sealed), by welding and / or preferably by stitching.

Advantageously, the perforations generated by the seam are found in the welded joining zone, which avoids the release of particles from the intermediate layer into the atmosphere.

Preferably, in this variant, the textile piece has a rectangular shape, also designated in the state of the art by strip.

The subject of the present invention is also, according to a second aspect, a cleaning device comprising a maintenance article according to any one of the variants defined above with reference to a first aspect, comprising a broom equipped with a handle provided with at its distal end of a tray, whose dimensions are of the order of those of the maintenance article.

The object of the present invention is, according to a third aspect, a method of manufacturing a maintenance article for cleaning a given surface according to any one of the embodiments defined above with reference to a first aspect. of the invention.

Said method comprises the following steps: (i) - a step of knitting a textile panel in three dimensions, of unitary knitted construction, comprising a first knitted textile layer and a second knitted textile layer, connected by binding yarns; extending between the first textile layer and the second textile layer, the first layer comprising, on its outer face called cleaning, microfibres, and possibly scraping fibers having a titration greater than 1 dtex, and the connecting son form a layer water absorbing intermediate, (II) - a step of forming a textile piece in three dimensions by cutting the textile panel knitted in step (i), in particular using an ultrasonic cutting device.

In an alternative embodiment, said method comprises a step of forming a bonding zone arranged in all or part of the periphery of the three-dimensional textile piece, in which zone of attachment the first and second textile layers, and the son of bond, are heat sealed.

In one embodiment, the step of forming the textile piece and the step of forming the fastening zone take place during the same step, in particular using a device comprising a set of sonotrodes. rotary machines for cutting and welding with ultrasound.

Detailed description of the drawings

The present invention will be better understood on reading the following exemplary embodiments, cited in a nonlimiting manner, and illustrated by the following figures, appended to the present, and in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation, in perspective, of a first example of a maintenance article according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the first example of maintenance article 1 according to section plane II-II shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 3 is a schematic representation, seen from above, of the first example of a maintenance article represented in FIGS. 1 and 2; FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation, in perspective, of a second example of a maintenance article according to the invention; - Figure 5 is a schematic representation in perspective. a third example of a maintenance article according to the invention; - Figure 6 is a schematic representation, in perspective, of a fourth example of a maintenance article according to the invention comprising two side pockets.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The maintenance article 1 for cleaning a given surface shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises a textile piece 2 in three dimensions, of unitary knitted construction, comprising a first knitted textile layer 3 and a second knitted textile layer 4, connected by connecting threads 5 extending between the first textile layer 3 and the second textile layer 4. The first textile layer 3 comprises, on its outer surface 3a called cleaning, microfibres, and optionally scraping fibers having a titration greater than 1 dtex. The bonding wires 5 form an intermediate water absorbing layer 7, and comprise microfibres and monofilament yarns. The mono-filamentary son of bond extending between the first knitted layer 3 and the second knitted layer 4 have a diameter greater than or equal to 10 microns, in particular of the order of 64 microns. Preferably, the monofilament bonding yarns are made of polyethylene terephthalate.

The bonding yarns 5 comprising microfibers are multifilament yarns whose filaments each have a titre of less than or equal to 1 dtex, in particular less than or equal to 0.87 dtex.

The textile piece 2 is a three-dimensional knit of which the first textile layer 3 and the second textile layer 4 are each a knitted mesh knit.

The textile part 2 is in three dimensions in the plane (x, y, z) and has a thickness e greater than or equal to 1 mm, in particular less than or equal to 6 mm. The knitted textile piece 2 has a width I and a length L greater than its width I. The knitted textile piece 2, viewed from above (FIG. 3) has a rectangular shape but could have any shape depending on the intended application ( rhombus, square, trapeze, ...) ·

The textile part 2 comprises according to all or part of its periphery a joining zone 10 in which the first 3 and second 4 knitted textile layers, and the connecting son 5, are heat-welded.

Advantageously, the heat-sealed zone 10 is formed during cutting in a knitted 3D textile panel.

The first textile layer 3 comprises, on its outer surface 3a called cleaning, alternating microfibers with scratching fibers without particular pattern.

It has been observed that the microfibers of the intermediate layer 5 make it possible to reach absorption rates of the order of 600% -650% for the maintenance article 1 while the monofilament yarns improve the resistance to the z-direction compression of the maintenance article 1.

The second example of a maintenance article 15 shown in FIG. 4 will be described hereinafter only in its differences with the first example of the maintenance article 1. The second example of a maintenance article 15 comprises a textile article three-dimensional knit 16 in which the outer face 17a of said cleaning of the first layer 17 comprises alternating scraping fibers with microfibres according to a first pattern 18. Said first pattern 18 thus comprises alternating microfibre strips with scraping fiber strips . The scraping fibers may for example have a color different from the color of the microfibers to enhance the visual effect of the first pattern 18.

The third example of a maintenance article 20 shown in FIG. 5 will be described hereinafter only in its differences with the first example of article 1. The outer face 21a of the first knitted layer 21 of the textile piece knitted three-dimensional 22 comprises a front portion 23 and a rear portion 24 in the extension of one another having respective outer faces (23a, 24a), the front portion 23 comprises, according to its outer face 23a, microfibers and scraping fibers, the rear portion 24 comprises, according to its outer face 24a, microfibres, and optionally scraping fibers having a title greater than 1 dtex. The average Tl (dtex) titer of the microfibers and scraping fibers on said outer face 23a of the front portion 23 is greater than or equal to 0.5 dtex, the average titer T2 (dtex) of the microfibers, and possibly scraping fibers. on the outer face 24a of the rear portion 24 is less than or equal to 2 dtex, and the average title T1 (dtex) is different from the average title T2 (dtex), in particular the average title T1 (dtex) is greater than the title average T2 (dtex).

The front part 23 and the rear part 24 are in the extension of one another and formed in a single textile panel, in this specific example by the first knitted layer 21. The dashed line 25 fictitiously delimits the boundary between the front portion 23 and the rear portion 24. The microfibers and the scraping fibers are arranged according to no particular pattern on the front portions 23 and rear 24.

The rear portion 24 comprises, according to its outer face 24a, a proportion by weight of microfibers greater than the proportion by weight of microfibers of the front portion 23, relative to the total weight of the first layer 21 (considered without the son of connection) .

The fourth example of a maintenance article 30 shown in FIG. 6 will be described hereinafter only in its differences with the first example of maintenance article 1.

The textile piece 31 comprises two lateral pockets 32, 33 formed by folding and partially joining the two lateral ends of said piece 31, in particular according to at least said heat-sealed joining zone 34, each pocket 31, 32 being arranged so as to receive a side end of a tray of a cleaning device. The edges 32a, 32b, 32c, 33a, 33b and 33c of the pockets 32, 33 are secured, preferably by stitching, in the fastening zone 34, which avoids creating spaces through which the microfibers in the intermediate layer are emitted in the mood.

Advantageously, the maintenance articles 1, 15, 20 or 30 comprise an integral piece of textile comprising three layers formed integrally during the knitting of the textile piece.

Furthermore, in operation, the intermediate layer 7 of the textile piece 2 knitted in three dimensions achieves water absorption rates of the order of 600% when the connecting son 5 comprise microfibers.

The maintenance articles 1, 15, 20, 30 according to the invention offer excellent water absorption capacity, excellent ergonomics, improved aesthetics and low particulate release due to their one-piece construction. The unitary knitted construction of the 3D textile pieces of the maintenance articles 1, 15, 20 and 30 should also improve the potential cleaning surface covered by said articles compared to the multilayer complexes used in the state of the art.

Claims (15)

1. Maintenance article (1,15,20,30) for cleaning a specific surface characterized in that it comprises a three-dimensional textile piece (2,16,22,31), of unitary knitted construction, comprising a first knitted textile layer (3,17,21) and a second knitted textile layer (4), connected by connecting threads (5) extending between the first textile layer (3) and the second textile layer (4) , in that the first layer (3) comprises, on its outer face (3a, 17a, 21a) called cleaning, microfibers, and possibly scratching fibers having a titration greater than 1 dtex, and in that the yarns connection (5) form an intermediate layer (7) absorbing water. 2. Maintenance article (1,15,20,30) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting son (5) comprise microfibers. 3. Maintenance article (1,15,20,30) according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the connecting son (5) comprise monofilament son. 4. Maintenance article (1,15,20,30) according to claim 3, characterized in that the monofilament son have a diameter greater than or equal to 10 microns. 5. Article maintenance (1,15,20,30) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the three-dimensional textile piece (2) comprises, according to all or part of its periphery, a joining zone (10) in which the first (3) and second (4) textile layers, and the connecting threads (5), are heat-sealed. 6. Maintenance article (15) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, · · characterized in that the first textile layer (17) comprises, on its outer face (17a) called cleaning, alternating microfibres with scraping fibers according to a first pattern (18). 7. Maintenance article (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer face (21a) of the first knitted layer (21) comprises a front part (23) and a rear part ( 24) in the extension of one another, having respective outer faces (23a, 24a), the front portion (23) comprises, according to its outer face (23a), microfibers and scratching fibers, the part rear part (24) comprises, according to its external face (24a), microfibres, and possibly scraping fibers having a titre greater than 1 dtex, in that the average Tl (dtex) title of the microfibers and scraping fibers on said outer face (23a) of the front part (23) is greater than or equal to 0.5 dtex, the average title T2 (dtex) of the microfibres, and possibly scraping fibers, on said outer face (24a) of the rear part (24) is less than or equal to 2 dtex, and the average Tl (dtex) titer is different from the average titer T2 (dtex). 8. Maintenance article (20) according to claim 7, characterized in that the average Tl (dtex) is greater than the average titer T2 (dtex). 9. Maintenance article (20) according to either of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the rear portion (24) of the first layer (21) comprises, according to its outer face (24a), a proportion by weight of microfibers greater than the proportion by weight of microfibres of the front part (23), relative to the total weight of the first layer (21). 10. Maintenance article (20) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the microfibers and the scraping fibers on the outer face (23a) of the front part (23) of the first layer ( 21) are repeatedly alternated according to a given first pattern, in that the microfibers and the scraping fibers on the outer face (24a) of the rear part (24) are alternately alternated in a second given pattern, possibly the first pattern is different from the second pattern. 11. Maintenance article (20) according to claim 10, characterized in that the first pattern and / or the second pattern is / are selected from: alternating continuous or discontinuous lines of microfibers and / or fibers of scraping, microfiber zigzags and / or scraping fibers, islands or localized areas of scraping fibers or microfibers. 12. Article maintenance (30) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the textile piece (31) comprises two side pockets (32,33) formed by folding and partial attachment of the two lateral ends of said textile piece (31), in particular according to at least said joining zone (34), each pocket (31, 32) being arranged to receive a lateral end of a plate of a cleaning device. 13. Cleaning device comprising a maintenance article (1,15,20,30) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises a broom equipped with a handle provided at its distal end. a tray, whose dimensions are of the order of those of the maintenance article. 14. A method of manufacturing a maintenance article (1,15,20,30) for cleaning a given surface according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises the following steps (i) - a step of knitting a textile panel in three dimensions, of unitary knitted construction, comprising a first knitted textile layer and a second knitted textile layer, connected by connecting threads extending between the first textile layer and the second textile layer, the first layer comprising, on its outer face called cleaning, microfibers, and possibly scraping fibers having a titration greater than 1 dtex, and the connecting son form a water-absorbing intermediate layer, (ii) - a step of forming a textile piece in three dimensions by cutting said textile panel knitted in step (i), in particular using an ultrasonic cutting device. 15. The method of claim 14, characterized in that it comprises a step of forming a bonding zone disposed in all or part of the periphery of the textile part in three dimensions, in which the first and second layers fastening zone textiles, and the bonding yarns, are heat-sealed.