FR3048036B1 - HYDRAULIC CYLINDER COMPACTOR AND METHOD OF REDUCING THE VOLUME OF WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydraulic linear actuator with integrated fluid actuated by a pump and comprising a piston capable of transmitting pressure against a secure closure means, its use in compaction of material, in particular waste, and a compaction process. and packaging waste.

Description

HYDRAULIC CYLINDER COMPACTOR AND METHOD OF REDUCING THE VOLUME OF WASTE

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a compact hydraulic linear actuator (compact cylinder) comprising a fluid permanently, said fluid being actuated by a pump, a compactor comprising a compact hydraulic cylinder according to the invention, its use for compacting materials.

State of the art

In the state of the art, there are many types of cylinders. Conventionally, a jack is a device composed of a cylinder, in which a piston moves under the action of a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, and a rod secured to the piston, which can pull or push a load located outside the cylinder. The cylinders are identified by the working fluid (hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders), by their effect (simple effect, or double effect, rotary), by other characteristics such as the shape of the chamber (oval chamber cylinders), or the number of rods (double rod cylinders). In 1851 U.S.8,203 issued to Richard Dudgeon describes the first hydraulic cylinder. This type of cylinder comprises an enclosure or chamber, generally a cylindrical in which a movable part, the piston, separates the volume of the cylinder into two chambers insulated in a sealed manner from one another. The watertightness of the rooms is ensured by joints. One or more orifices make it possible to introduce or evacuate a fluid in one or the other of the chambers and thus to move the piston. The fluid is stored in an external tank and introduced under pressure into the cylinder, which generally requires the implementation of a motor. A guide means, such as a rod, is attached to the piston and allows to transmit force and stroke (effort and displacement). In a pneumatic cylinder of compressed air, generally between 2 and 10 bar is used as piston pressure means. Simple to implement, it is very common in industrial automation systems. There are also electric cylinders that produce a comparable piston movement but with the help of a screw-nut system (helical slide link) driven by an electric motor. The double acting cylinders are characterized by having two working directions and having two feed ports. In the double-acting cylinders, the pressure is applied alternately on each side of the piston which causes its movement in one direction and then in the other. A single-acting cylinder only works in one direction. For example, one of the movements can be obtained through a fluid under pressure, while the other is obtained through the effect of a return spring. This spring produces the return movement to the initial position when the fluid is again at atmospheric pressure. The force produced by this spring is therefore low compared to the force produced by the action of the compressed fluid, so as not to reduce the force available at the rod. In other words, a single-acting cylinder produces a significant effort in only one direction, that of displacement. The use of single-acting cylinders is limited to low strokes and their power is moderate. In addition several cylinders are often necessary to achieve the desired strength. All these cylinders, whether single or double acting, generally require a distributor, fluid return means such as valves, or springs, expensive materials. All of these parts require precise and complex machining and assembly, which also involves regular maintenance. Their operation also requires an external fluid reservoir, a means for exerting pressure on the fluid, such as a pump, to obtain a fluid under pressure, and pressure control devices. To limit the problem of return, the document EP0324697 discloses a press-type device, comprising a cylinder, a reversible pump capable of operating in pressure and vacuum, in connection with an external oil reservoir and a motor. On the other side, the single-acting cylinder is connected to an assembly of pressure transmission means. In this device, the return of the cylinder to the starting position is partial and is by suction. However, the implementation of this device still requires a spring-type return means, an external reservoir, a pump, a cylinder, means for transmitting the pressure. This device, the elements of which are arranged in series, is ie, one after the other, has many disadvantages including that of taking up space, and actually allows only limited pressure to crush soft materials (fruit), even with two jacks set artwork.

The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages encountered in particular with conventional hydraulic cylinders and offers solutions to the problem of space, complex machining, security, limited power.

The present invention generally addresses the problem of size related to the volume of devices required for the implementation of a hydraulic cylinder but also to the problem of space with materials, especially waste.

Indeed, the rapid development of populations has led to a massive increase in the quantity and volume of materials, especially waste. In fact, production, especially that of waste, has been increasing and increasing exponentially since the post-war period (1950). One of the main consequences is the invasion of space and its degradation. Governments are trying to reduce waste production, with waste reduction being considered by many to be one of the best treatments available. An additional solution is sorting and recycling which is facilitated by compacting the sorted waste in order to reduce its volume. Waste compaction is usually done manually in the trash or / and then in the dumpster after collection or removal. There are some models of compactor bin as that described in the document FR2769900. However, such manual or mechanical compaction devices allow only a limited reduction of the volume of waste.

To solve this problem, a device comprising an electric cylinder has been proposed (http://tpe-compacteur.blogspot.fr/2011_ll_01_archive.html).

In this device, the user deposits a variable amount of household waste in the compactor by an input hatch, "which is locked as a security measure" in operating mode. A 35-watt motor drives a thick plate through an electric jack that exerts a force on the garbage and cups it down. The estimated force in this device is 2000 Newton (200kg), for a plate surface of 800cm2. The speed is 1.6 cm / s. An exit hatch on one side of the compactor empties the inner garbage bin, garbage whose volume has been reduced by downward pressure. According to the authors, this type of cylinder does not pose a sealing problem and does not require any storage tank, unlike a device comprising a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder whose use is even discouraged in this study. In this device, once the trash waste is compacted to the bottom, it is difficult or impossible to recover the bag. There is therefore a need for improved, efficient and powerful compaction devices which are easy to use, there is also a need to improve the recovery, collection and transport of compacted waste and / or removal thereof.

Contrary to what is recommended in the prior art, the present invention proposes an integrated fluid hydraulic cylinder and its use for compaction of materials, in particular waste.

The present invention also proposes to contribute to improving the management of waste while proposing a simple device, compact, economical, very powerful and effective since it allows to compact, reduce by at least 4 times, preferably by at least 10 times, the volume of various materials, compared to the initial volume. In addition, in the device according to the invention, the waste is not packed at the bottom of a container, a trash can, but against a lid, which facilitates their recovery, storage and disposal.

The present invention discloses a compact hydraulic cylinder, integrated fluid reservoir, a compression device (compactor) comprising a compact cylinder according to the invention, and its use for compacting various materials. The present invention also provides a method of compaction of materials, a method of reducing the volume of waste, a method of packaging and a method of removing materials. Actuator or linear actuator according to the invention

The actuator or linear actuator according to the invention is a compact jack or compact linear actuator or a jack with integrated reservoir and / or integrated pump.

The term compact actuator or linear actuator is understood to mean a jack which comprises (or integrates) an energy amplification means, for example a fluid, preferably an incompressible fluid, and / or a means of generating energy, and transforming it into a movement, for example a pump, preferably in bidirectional movement, for example a reversible pump.

Preferably, a compact linear actuator or actuator comprises an incompressible fluid and / or a pump, preferably a reversible pump.

In other words, a compact jack is understood to mean a jack whose means of implementation, that is to say a means of transforming solar or electric energy into mechanical energy (motor) and / or means for amplifying the mechanical energy ((for example an incompressible fluid), are not external to the cylinder and form an integral part thereof, or are integrated in said compact cylinder.

According to one embodiment, the compact cylinder according to the invention is a hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic linear actuator which comprises (or integrates) a permanently incompressible fluid.

By integrated reservoir cylinder means a cylinder comprising a fluid permanently.

According to one embodiment, the compact cylinder according to the invention is a hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic linear actuator, which comprises (or integrates) a permanently incompressible fluid, including the movement inside the enclosure of the cylinder, of both sides of a piston is generated by a pump, preferably a reversible pump.

By definition, compacting is understood to mean reducing the volume, or reducing the bulk. Similarly, by compacting, reducing the volume or size, compact means a device whose volume is reduced compared to a non-compact device.

The implementation of the compact cylinder according to the invention no longer requires an external fluid reservoir. Indeed, in the compact cylinder according to the invention, a fluid (an incompressible fluid) is stored in the enclosure of the cylinder itself which allows a saving of space compared to conventional hydraulic cylinders, known until now.

According to one embodiment, the implementation of the compact cylinder does not require fluid pressurizing means, external to the cylinder. According to this embodiment, the compact cylinder comprises a pump, preferably a reversible pump integrated in the compact cylinder itself which allows an even greater space saving.

According to yet another preferred embodiment, the implementation of the compact cylinder requires neither an external reservoir of incompressible fluid, nor means for pressurizing the fluid, external to the jack. Indeed, according to this embodiment, the compact cylinder comprises a permanently incompressible fluid, and a pump, preferably reversible, integrated in the compact cylinder itself which allows an even greater space saving.

According to one embodiment, the compact cylinder comprises a permanently incompressible fluid, and a pump, for example a pump, a non-flow pump, a metering pump, a reversible dosing pump, a non-reversible dosing pump, preferably a reversible pump,

According to a preferred embodiment, the pump, preferably a reversible pump is integrated in the bottom or in the bottom of the jack. According to a preferred embodiment, the reversible pump is integrated in the bottom of the compactor. The enclosure of the compact cylinder comprises an incompressible fluid reservoir and / or a pump.

All or part of the incompressible fluid is maintained in the enclosure of the cylinder (except the incompressible fluid part passing through the pump in the embodiment according to which an external pump or located under the compact jack is used). The compact hydraulic linear actuator (hereinafter also referred to as jack) is characterized in that the jack comprises a fluid, preferably an incompressible fluid, permanently.

The compact cylinder is characterized in that it comprises built-in incompressible fluid reservoir.

In the hydraulic linear actuator with integrated reservoir according to the invention, the incompressible fluid present in the enclosure of the jack is actuated by a pump, preferably a reversible pump.

The implementation of the hydraulic linear actuator with integrated reservoir according to the invention does not require an external reservoir since the fluid is in the cylinder itself and is actuated by a pump, preferably a reversible pump, a side or other of a piston.

The fluid remains in the enclosure of the cylinder and its movement on either side of the piston allows the translation of the piston.

According to one embodiment, the hydraulic linear actuator with integrated fluid is characterized in that the jack comprises a reservoir, preferably a reservoir comprising an incompressible fluid or a part of said permanent incompressible fluid.

According to one embodiment, by the arrangement of the various means of the compact hydraulic jack, the fluid flows on either side of a piston by means of a reversible pump for reversing the movement of the fluid and by means of (conduits) which connect the pump to each compartment, on both sides of the piston.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fluid of the compact cylinder is transported or distributed (set in motion) on either side of a piston by a reversible pump and does not include a distributor.

The movement of the fluid on either side of the piston generated by the pump raises or lowers the piston.

According to one embodiment, the fluid of the compact cylinder is held in a position when the pump is stopped. The pump is not running and blocks the fluid level in the position it is in.

According to one embodiment, the cylinder comprises a pump, which, when stopped, does not block the fluid level in the position where it is.

According to one embodiment, the actuator comprises a passing or non-conducting pump, preferably non-conducting.

According to one embodiment, the cylinder comprises a reversible pump pass and non-pass, preferably reversible non-passante.

The pump in the cylinder or with the cylinder can be a reversible pump or a reversible dosing pump, preferably a reversible pump.

The reversible pump used in the jack or with the jack may be a reversible pump or a reversible reversible pump, preferably a non-reversible reversible pump.

According to one embodiment, the reversible pump used in the jack or with the jack may be a reversible metering pump, passing or not passing, preferably a reversible metering reversible pump.

According to one embodiment, the compact hydraulic linear actuator (compact cylinder) is characterized by an absence of rod. Rod means a rod such as those present in conventional cylinders.

The compact jack actuated by a reversible pump according to the invention comprises an enclosure comprising at least a first piston delimiting - ensuring the seal between - a lower chamber and an intermediate chamber.

According to the invention, the first piston seals between two chambers by means of a seal.

According to one embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder actuated by a reversible pump comprises a piston connected to a means, preferably the means is a piston.

According to one embodiment, the jack preferably comprises a first piston and a second piston. According to a preferred embodiment, the first piston and the second piston are linked.

According to the invention, the piston seals between two lower and upper chambers by means of a seal and the second piston does not comprise a seal.

According to one embodiment, the second piston associated with the first piston delimits, in the enclosure of the compact jack, an intermediate chamber, and according to the position of the piston, a space or an upper chamber, optionally delimited by a closing means of the enclosure, preferably a secure closure means and more preferably a secure removable cover.

According to another preferred embodiment, the first piston is connected to the second piston by at least one means (for example a spacer or a wall), preferably at least one spacer and more preferably three spacers.

According to a preferred embodiment, the compact cylinder comprises a hollow piston comprising a first piston combined with a seal, a second piston and three spacers.

According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a compact hydraulic cylinder or actuated by a reversible pump, characterized in that the jack comprises a fluid reservoir, preferably an incompressible fluid reservoir, and a piston, preferably a piston. hollow.

Hollow piston means a piston comprising a first piston ensuring the seal between two chambers connected to a means, preferably a piston by at least one spacer and even more preferably by three spacers. The set of means or hollow piston comprising, a first sealed piston, a second piston at least one, preferably three spacers is an object of the present invention.

The compact hydraulic cylinder actuated by a reversible pump comprises a bottom. According to one embodiment, the bottom of the jack according to the invention can be flat or curved.

According to one embodiment a pump, preferably a reversible pump is placed under the bottom of the compact jack, and connected to a lower chamber of the cylinder by a conduit and to an intermediate chamber of the cylinder by another conduit.

According to one embodiment, the bottom is connected to a pump, preferably a reversible pump integrated into said bottom. According to one embodiment, the bottom comprises a pump, preferably a reversible pump.

According to a preferred embodiment, the compact hydraulic ram comprises, when the first piston is in the lower position, a lower chamber (delimited by a bottom and by the first piston, an intermediate chamber (delimited by the first piston and the second piston and an upper chamber delimited by the second piston and a cover, preferably a secure cover.The compact hydraulic linear actuator (actuator) actuated by a reversible pump is characterized in that it comprises no valve, preferably no check valve. return.

In general, the term "valve" means a mechanical device, for example a valve which makes it possible to oppose the passage of a fluid. The compact hydraulic linear actuator actuated by a reversible pump is characterized in that it comprises a piston, said piston comprising an orifice shaped such that it allows the passage of a conduit. The compact hydraulic linear actuator actuated by a reversible pump is characterized in that it does not include a distributor.

By distributor is meant the element of the transmission chain used to orient and / or control the flow of fluids under pressure. Generally consisting of a drawer that slides in a body, a dispenser communicates ports (connectable or not) following several associations. The spool can be operated by a lever, a spool, a piston, or a return spring. The compact hydraulic linear actuator actuated by a reversible pump is characterized in that it does not include a distributor such as a drawer.

In the compact hydraulic linear actuator actuated by a reversible pump, a pump device, preferably reversible pump and conduit (s) distribute and direct the movement of fluid on either side of a sealed piston.

According to a preferred embodiment, the compact hydraulic linear actuator (jack) is characterized in that the fluid passes from one side to the other of a piston, preferably a sealed piston, by actuation of a reversible pump , the movement of the fluid being through a conduit connecting the reversible pump to the lower chamber and a conduit connecting the intermediate chamber pump. The distance between the end of the duct in the intermediate chamber and the end of the duct in the lower chamber determines the stroke of the piston.

The compact hydraulic cylinder is single or double acting.

According to one embodiment, in the compact hydraulic cylinder a duct can participate in guiding the piston.

According to one embodiment, in the compact hydraulic linear actuator (jack), a piston can slide along a conduit through an orifice or a passage for example in the center of the piston.

According to one embodiment, the compact hydraulic cylinder comprises a piston comprising a hole or a passage, for introducing a conduit.

According to one embodiment, the compact hydraulic cylinder comprises a piston connected to a second piston by at least one means, for example a wall or a spacer, perpendicular, preferably three spacers.

According to a preferred embodiment, the compact jack according to the invention comprises a bottom, an enclosure, a first piston, connected to a second piston by at least one spacer, preferably three spacers, an incompressible fluid, preferably an incompressible fluid. permanent.

The present invention also relates to a compact hydraulic cylinder comprising a bottom, an enclosure, a first piston connected to a second piston preferably by at least one spacer, preferably three spacers, an incompressible (permanent) fluid actuated by a reversible pump.

The present invention relates to a hydraulic linear actuator (jack) compact dual pistons connected in parallel and connected by at least one spacer, preferably three spacers, comprising a permanently permanent fluid, actuated by a reversible pump, said pump being optionally integrated in the jack, preferably in the bottom of the jack, a compactor comprising a compact jack according to the invention, its use for compacting materials, a compacting device, a material compacting process.

Compactor

According to one aspect, the present invention provides a compression device (a COMPACTOR) comprising a compact hydraulic linear actuator in which the upper chamber is closed by a preferably removable closure means, for example a cover, preferably a secure cover.

According to one aspect, the present invention proposes a compression device (a COMPACTOR) comprising a compact hydraulic linear actuator according to any one of the embodiments described in this application in which the upper chamber is closed by a preferably removable closure means. for example a lid, preferably a secure lid.

The compactor is characterized in that it comprises a lid preferably a secure lid retained by a closure means or a security, preferably the closure means may be a strapping or a flange.

According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a compact hydraulic linear actuator (jack) comprising a fluid permanently, said liquid being actuated by a pump, preferably a reversible pump, said pump being optionally integrated in the jack, its use for compacting materials, a compaction device, a material compaction process.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a compact hydraulic jack according to the invention.

According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a compact hydraulic jack according to the invention for the manufacture of a compactor.

According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a compactor comprising a compact hydraulic jack according to the invention.

The present invention relates to the use of a compact hydraulic cylinder according to the invention for reducing the volume (compacting) of materials.

Compacting process

According to another aspect, the present invention proposes a method of compacting or reducing the volume of material comprising a step of compressing a material using a compactor according to the invention, (step during which the material placed on the second piston is compressed against the top of the compactor, by a piston).

According to one embodiment, the method of compacting or reducing the volume of material further comprises a step in which: i) the material to be compacted is placed on the second piston of a compact jack according to the invention, optionally the material is placed on a bag or on a bag bottom.

According to one embodiment, the method of compacting or reducing the volume of material further comprises a step in which: ii) the lid is securely closed.

According to one embodiment, the compression step of the compaction process comprises setting the piston of the compactor in motion, preferably a piston comprising a) a first piston connected to a b) second piston, preferably by at least one spacer , and more preferably three spacers.

The movement of the piston on which the material has been deposited, movement from bottom to top, results in compression, or compaction, of the material on the top of the compactor, the top of the compactor being a secure cover.

In contrast to the compaction processes known hitherto, the compaction process according to the invention comprises a step during which the volume of the materials is reduced by a pressure exerted on the materials from bottom to top, preferably between a piston and a secure cover, preferably the piston comprises a first piston, associated with a seal or a sealing tape, connected to a second piston, preferably the first piston and the second piston are connected by at least one spacer or a wall, preferably three spacers.

According to one embodiment, the compacting method comprises a step of placing a material to be compacted, said material is deposited on top of a piston of a compact jack according to the invention, (which is also the bottom of a compactor according to the invention), preferably, said material is deposited on the bottom of a bag placed on the top of the piston, and the volume of the material is reduced by pressing the material against the closure means of the compact jack or compactor cover.

According to a preferred embodiment, the cover is retained by strapping or using a flange.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a compacting method comprising a step of compressing a material, said material having been placed in a compaction device or compactor, optionally said material is placed on top of a bag bottom , or in a bag.

Packing process

In another aspect, the present invention provides a packaging method comprising a compaction process comprising at least one step of compressing a material such as that described above, optionally said material having been placed in a compaction device according to the invention, above a bag bottom, or in a bag, the method further comprising: - a step of covering the compacted material with a package, preferably a bag , more preferably a biodegradable material bag.

According to another aspect, the present invention proposes a packaging method comprising a compacting process comprising at least one step of compressing a material such as that described above, a step of covering the compacted material with the using a package, preferably a bag, more preferably a bag of biodegradable material. a step of joining the edges of the bag to the chamber of the compactor and / or a step comprising the actuation of the reversible pump, a step which causes the bag to adhere to the compacted materials and results in the packaging of the compacted material.

A method of removing materials.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of removing materials comprising a packaging method according to the invention and a step of removing compacted materials, optionally for storage or for destruction.

This process facilitates the removal of compacted waste after compaction and packaging.

ADVANTAGES

The compact cylinder according to the invention has the following advantages:

In the compact hydraulic jack according to the invention, the piston is actuated by the movement of an incompressible fluid present in the chamber of the jack permanently, from one chamber to another, the return being made for example by inversion of the reversible pump, and more particularly the return is done by the combined action of the reversible pump and the atmospheric pressure.

The compact cylinder according to the invention is much simpler than those described previously since it does not require a valve, a distributor, an external fluid reservoir, means for putting the fluid under pressure, no load connected to the piston, or complex system of regulation. Other advantages will become apparent from the description of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 represents a compactor with built-in tank comprising a compact jack in which the piston (assembly of means 5, 6, 7, and 14) is in the low position. (1) Lower Chamber (2) Intermediate Chamber (3) Upper Chamber or Compaction Volume (4) Fluid Level (5) First Piston (6) Second Piston (7) Spacer (8) Bag or Bottom of Bag (9) Conduit (10) Conduit (11) Pump (12) Compactor vessel or cylinder (13) Compactor base or cylinder (14) Seal (15) Flange or strapping (16) Top of the cylinder or cover (17) Atmospheric pressure (18) Pressure exerted by the pump (19) Compacted volume (20) packaging (21) Underpressure volume (22) Incompressible fluid

FIG. 2 shows a compactor in which the piston is in the intermediate position

Figure 3 shows a compactor in which the piston is in the uppermost position and the compacted material raised and packaged with a bag.

The dotted lines in the lower chamber represent the incompressible fluid

The solid arrows represent the pressure exerted by the liquid set in motion by the pump in an operating direction on the piston and the empty arrows at atmospheric pressure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a compact linear actuator (compact cylinder) characterized in that said compact cylinder comprises a fluid permanently, preferably a permanently incompressible fluid.

The present invention also relates to a compact hydraulic cylinder as described above characterized in that said compact cylinder is actuated by the fluid permanently present in the compact cylinder, said fluid being set in motion by a pump, preferably a reversible pump.

The present invention relates to a compact hydraulic cylinder as described above characterized in that it comprises an enclosure, two pistons connected by three spacers delimiting a lower chamber and an intermediate chamber.

The present invention relates to a compact hydraulic linear actuator (jack) as described above characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (12), a bottom (13), a removable closure means (16) optionally secured by a flange or a strapping (15) -, a piston associated with a seal (14) sealing between two compartments (1) and (2), said piston (5) being connected to a second piston (6) by three spacers (7) perpendicular to the pistons (5) and (6), the piston (6) and the removable closing means (16) delimiting and an upper chamber (3) or compacting volume (19) (whose volume varies according to the position of the assembly of [(5), (6) and (7)] in the enclosure of the cylinder (12), a reversible pump (11), water as an incompressible liquid (22) ) permanently present in the enclosure (12) of the compact cylinder, a conduit (10), optional when the pump is not integrated at the bottom of the jack, and a conduit (9) rel the reversible pump each and respectively to a compartment of the cylinder.

A method of actuating a compact hydraulic cylinder comprising an incompressible fluid permanently present as described above, comprising a step of actuating the pump causing a movement of the incompressible fluid on either side of a piston, is another object of the present invention.

According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a compaction device or compactor comprising a compact hydraulic linear actuator as described above closed by a removable closure means secured by a flange or strapping or secure cover.

The present invention also relates to a compaction process comprising a step of compacting a material in a compactor as described above.

The present invention relates to the compacting method as described above wherein said material has been placed on the piston (6) or on the means (6) of the assembly of the means (5), (6) and (7)] of a compactor according to claim 6 is compacted by the movement of the piston (6), or the assembly of the means [(5), (6) and (7)] upwards, on the secure cover (16) of said compactor, optionally said material is placed initially above a bag bottom (8), or in a bag (8) and said bag bottom, or bag itself placed on the piston (6).

The present invention relates to a packaging method comprising a compaction process as described above and a step of covering the compacted material with a package, preferably a biodegradable material bag, and most preferred a biodegradable waterproof material bag.

The present invention relates to the packaging method as described above comprising a step of suctioning the air present in the package by actuating the pump.

The following objects are also part of the present invention:

A compact hydraulic cylinder characterized in that said compact cylinder comprises a reservoir.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized by an absence of a rod.

Compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized by the absence of a valve.

Compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized by an absence of a distributor.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that said compact hydraulic cylinder comprises a pump, preferably a reversible pump.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the pump is integrated in a bottom.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any of the above embodiments characterized in that the pump is a non-conducting reversible pump. Compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the compact hydraulic cylinder comprises an enclosure, at least one piston delimiting a lower chamber and an intermediate chamber.

A compact linear actuator (compact cylinder) according to any of the embodiments above characterized in that said compact cylinder comprises an incompressible fluid permanently present in the enclosure of the compact cylinder, preferably an incompressible fluid actuated by a pump. The cylinder enclosure includes all the means of the cylinder.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the embodiments above characterized in that the cylinder comprises two pistons.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the cylinder comprises a first piston and a second piston connected to each other.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the embodiments above characterized in that the jack comprises a housing a first piston and a second piston connected by at least one spacer.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (12) having a length of 950 cm, an internal diameter of 30 cm and an outer diameter of 34 cm, a bottom (13), a removable closure means (16) optionally secured by a flange or strapping (15), a disc-shaped piston 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm in diameter. thickness associated with a seal sealing between two compartments (1) and (2), said piston (5) being connected to a second piston (6) of 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick by three spacers (7) 39 cm and perpendicular to the pistons (5) and (6), the piston (6) defining an intermediate chamber and an upper chamber (3) or compaction volume (19) (whose volume varies according to the position of the piston (5), (6) and (7), a reversible pump (11) having the following characteristics: a flow rate of 1700 L / h, a e power of 350 W, water as incompressible liquid (22) present permanently in the enclosure (12) of the compact cylinder, an optional conduit (10) and a conduit (9) connecting the reversible pump each and respectively to a compartment of the cylinder. Compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the first piston and the second piston define a lower chamber, an intermediate chamber and an upper chamber.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the first piston and the second piston are actuated by the movement of the fluid on either side of the first piston.

A compact hydraulic cylinder according to any one of the embodiments above characterized in that incompressible fluid present in the intermediate chamber passes into the lower chamber by: - actuation of the reversible pump, - aspiration of said incompressible fluid by a conduit connecting the reversible pump to the intermediate chamber and, - propulsion of the fluid in the lower chamber by a conduit connecting the reversible pump to the lower chamber.

A method for actuating a compact hydraulic cylinder comprising an incompressible fluid permanently present characterized in that the actuation of the pump produces a suction of said incompressible fluid through a conduit connecting the reversible pump to an intermediate chamber and a propulsion said fluid in a lower chamber by a conduit connecting the reversible pump to the lower chamber, said lower chamber and said intermediate chamber being delimited by a sealed piston in the enclosure of the cylinder.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that a conduit connecting the pump to the cylinder participates in guiding the first piston.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the sealed piston slides along the conduit.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the sealed piston comprises a hole.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that the length of the conduit connecting the pump to the intermediate chamber or the distance at which this conduit is placed relative to the end duct connecting the pump to the lower chamber determines the stroke of the piston.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized by comprising an enclosure (12), comprising a bottom (13) and a hoop-retained cover (16) (15). ), a sealed piston (5) comprising a seal (14), said sealed piston (5) + (14), sealing between two chambers (1) and (2) or (1) and [1] (2) and (3)], said sealed piston (5) being connected to a piston (6) by three spacers (7) perpendicular to (5) and (6), a reversible pump (11), a liquid incompressible (22) present permanently in the enclosure of the cylinder (12), a conduit (10) (optional) and a conduit (9) each connecting respectively and the reversible pump (11) to one of the chambers of the compact cylinder ( 1 and 2).

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (12) having a length of 950 cm, an internal diameter of 30 cm and an outer diameter of 34 cm, a disc-shaped piston 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick associated with a seal sealing between two compartments, said piston (5) being connected to a second piston (6) 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick by three spacers (7) 39 cm perpendicular to the pistons (5) and (6), a reversible pump (11) having the following characteristics: a flow of 1700 L / h, a power of 350 \ N, water as an incompressible liquid (22) permanently present in the enclosure (12 of the jack, an optional conduit (10) and a conduit (9) connecting the reversible pump each and respectively to a compartment of the cylinder.

A compact hydraulic linear actuator (cylinder) according to any one of the above embodiments characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (12) having a length of 950 cm, an internal diameter of 30 cm and an outer diameter of 34 cm, a disc-shaped piston 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick associated with a seal sealing between two compartments, said piston (5) being connected to a second piston (6) 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick by three spacers (7) 39 cm perpendicular to the pistons (5) and (6), a reversible pump (11) having the following characteristics: a flow 1700 L / h, a power of 350 W, water as an incompressible liquid (22) permanently present in the enclosure (12 of the jack, an optional conduit (10) and a conduit (9) connecting the reversible pump each and respectively to a cylinder compartment and a secure lid by strapping.

A compaction device or compactor comprising a compact hydraulic linear actuator (jack) according to any one of the above embodiments.

A compacting device or compactor as described above, characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (12), a piston (5) connected to a piston (6) by three spacers (7) perpendicular to the pistons (5) and (6), a reversible pump (11), an incompressible liquid (22) permanently present in the cylinder, a conduit (10) and a conduit (9) connecting the pump each and to a compartment of the cylinder, a cover secured.

JACK

The compact hydraulic cylinder according to the invention is a compact cylinder that converts hydraulic energy (pressure, flow) into mechanical energy (effort, speed). The electric or solar energy of a pump (11) is transmitted to the incompressible fluid (22) present permanently (integrated fluid cylinder) in the enclosure of the jack (12) and amplified by a piston (5) or 5 , 14, 6 or 5, 14, 6, and 7. According to one embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder can exert an estimated force of at least 1900 Kg with a pressure of 2.7 bar.

PREGNANT

The integrated fluid compact hydraulic cylinder actuated by a pump comprises an enclosure (12).

According to one embodiment, an enclosure may be a volume of different shape chosen from a cylindrical, square, triangular, elliptical shape. Preferably the enclosure is a cylinder. Choosing a square or rectangular shape, the compactor enclosure will allow the compacted volume (19) to also have a square or rectangular shape which will facilitate the storage of compacted materials. The enclosure of the compact cylinder according to the invention must be manufactured in a material compatible with the pressures exerted by the reversible pump used, preferably the enclosure is a cylinder of stainless metal. The enclosure may have dimensions enabling the manufacture of compact mini-cylinders having a length of less than 1 mm, of at least 1 mm; greater than one mm, to or of compact cylinders of greater length up to several meters. Preferably the compact cylinder has a length of about 1 meter and a diameter of about 30 centimeters (cm). The height of the cylinder is a little larger in the case of a compactor which allows to place a reversible pump under the compact cylinder. Preferably, the height of the compactor chamber is 950 cm.

DISTRIBUTOR

The cylinder according to the invention does not include a distributor.

According to one embodiment, the bottom (13) of the enclosure (12) of the compact cylinder is connected to a reversible pump (11) by at least one duct preferably two ducts (9) and (10). According to a preferred embodiment, the duct has an outside diameter of 21 cm and an internal diameter of 15 cm, (9) connects the pump to the intermediate chamber (2) and (10) connects the pump to the lower chamber (1). ).

The distance between the end of (10) and the end of (9) is 37 cm.

According to one embodiment, a pump (11) can also be integrated with the lower chamber (1) of the jack, at the bottom of the jack (13), which requires only one duct (9) supplying the intermediate chamber ( 2).

PISTON

The compact jack according to the invention comprises at least one piston (5). Preferably, the piston (5) is combined with a seal or a sealing tape (14) which ensures the seal between two lower chambers (1) and intermediate (2) of the cylinder according to the invention. A sealed piston is a piston combined with a seal (5 + 14).

According to a preferred embodiment, a piston is a disk 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick.

The function of a piston according to the invention may comprise closing, sealing the pressure chamber (2) and / or (3) relative to the chamber (1) if the piston is associated with a tape or seal sealing, the connection to (the) spacer, the guide in translation.

According to one embodiment, a piston may also contribute to containing a portion of the incompressible fluid (22) present in the enclosure permanently.

A piston according to the invention may comprise a seal (such as the piston (5)) or pass the fluids (such as the piston (6)) but contributes to the conversion of a pressure mechanical energy.

Piston size characteristics

The size and shape of the piston according to the invention are adapted to the enclosure of the jack.

According to a preferred embodiment, a piston is a disc combined with a joint and connected by three spacers to another disc.

According to a more preferred embodiment, the piston ((5) is a disk 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick associated with a seal (14) and connected by three spacers (7) 39 cm of length, to another disc of 30 cm in diameter and 2 cm thick (6), (5) having a hole 21 mm in diameter at its center allowing the passage of a conduit (9).

TANK

The jack according to the invention comprises a reservoir containing a permanently incompressible fluid (22). The enclosure (12) of the compact jack according to the invention constitutes all or part of the tank.

According to one embodiment, according to the position of the piston (5) and the displacement of the incompressible fluid, the tank of the jack is mainly the lower chamber (1), the chamber (1) and / or the intermediate chamber (2) delimited by the piston (5) and the piston (6).

According to one embodiment, the reservoir comprises two means (5) and (6) (preferably a piston (5) and a pressure means (6)) separated by at least one spacer (7) connected perpendicularly to (5) and (6), (5) being a piston sealing a lower chamber (1) with respect to an intermediate chamber (2), (6) being an unsealed piston.

According to one embodiment, the fluid reservoir of the cylinder is therefore not outside the cylinder but integrated in the cylinder itself. Said incompressible fluid is set in motion by the reversible pump. Thus, the movement of said incompressible fluid on either side of the portion (5) of a piston (5, 14, 6, 7) actuates the piston and ensures its translation in the enclosure of the jack, preferably the bottom up. According to a preferred embodiment, in the method of reducing the volume of materials, the movement of the piston (5, 14, 6, 7) and its translation in the cylinder enclosure, from the bottom to the up, allows the compression of material deposited on (6) against a closure means (16) of the compaction device (compactor).

According to one embodiment, the reservoir may comprise a space delimited by (5) and (6) of spherical, ovoid, square, pyramidal, dome-shaped, cubic, preferably cylindrical.

Whatever the shape of the enclosure in which the piston moves, the combined means or elements (5) and (6) have at least one point of contact with the enclosure of the cylinder, contact point provided by a seal of sealing (14), sealing between a lower chamber (1) and the chamber or chambers, (2) and (3) of the compact ram or compactor.

According to one embodiment, the present invention proposes a compact hydraulic linear actuator (actuator) actuated by a permanent incompressible liquid (present permanently in the cylinder enclosure) that can be moved by a reversible pump, a piston (5) or (5, 14, 6, 7) may comprise a hole or an orifice allowing passage of a duct (9), preferably a hole 21 mm in diameter, said duct being connected to a reversible pump (11). According to one embodiment the duct (9) does not cross (5) and feeds the intermediate chamber of the compact jack not by the bottom but by the side of the device.

According to a preferred embodiment, the two elements (5) and (6) delimit spaces, (also called compartments, or chambers, (1), (2) and (3) according to the position of the compact jack.

The compact cylinder can be considered as "single-acting" because it has a "main" working direction: the piston (5) is pushed upwards in one direction of work and then downwardly in the other direction allowing the return.

According to one embodiment, the compact cylinder is a compact single-acting hydraulic cylinder, with double piston and integrated fluid, actuated by a reversible pump, optionally integrated.

MEANS OF GUIDING

According to one embodiment, the jack has no rod.

According to one embodiment, only a conduit (9) connected to the reversible pump (11) participates in guiding the piston in the enclosure of the compact cylinder, said piston consisting of a piston (5) and a second pressure means (6) directly connected by its ends to the piston (5). For example, the piston (5) is a disc and the means (6), connected to (5) by its ends, forms a semicircle, (5) and (6) forming a dome or, according to another embodiment of embodiment (5) is a disk and (6) forms a cone, (5) and (6) forming a pyramid.

According to one embodiment, one of the conduits connected to the reversible pump may be a guide means.

According to one embodiment, the compact cylinder comprises at least one guide means (7), preferably a tube or at least one spacer connected perpendicularly to the first piston (5) and the second piston (6).

Preferably the compact cylinder comprises two spacers (7), more preferably three spacers, perpendicularly connected to the first piston (5) and the second piston (6).

According to a preferred embodiment (5) and (6) are two discs 30 cm and 2 cm thick separated by three spacers 39 cm in length.

PUMP

The compact hydraulic cylinder according to the invention is actuated by a pump (11), which may be a pump selected from a reversible pump, metering pump, pass or a non-conducting pump, and a combination of these pumps, preferably a reversible pump and more preferably non-passable reversible.

According to the embodiment, a switch of the pump allows: - to start or stop the reversible pump, - the actuation of the pump in one direction or the other, - to interrupt the pump to at any time, - allow the passage of fluid or block it.

Any type of pump, whose power is adapted to the volume of the compact cylinder according to the invention, and the strength of the materials used to manufacture the compact cylinder according to the invention, can be used.

Examples of reversible pumps are well known to those skilled in the art. According to one aspect the present invention relates to a pump, preferably a reversible pump, integrated at the bottom of the enclosure of a jack.

According to one embodiment, the pump of the compact cylinder is a non-conducting pump, or a passing pump, preferably non-conducting (it does not let the fluid and the block when it is stopped).

According to one embodiment, a compact cylinder comprising a reversible pump integrated in the bottom of the jack and allows to move a fluid and optionally mix fluids.

According to one embodiment, the pump of the compact cylinder is a metering pump.

According to a preferred embodiment, the reversible pump of the jack has the following characteristics:

An actuation ranging from 400 to 6500 L / h and having a power ranging from 320w to 2100 w.

Even more preferably, the reversible pump according to the invention has a flow rate of 1700 L / h and a power of 350 Watts (W).

According to one embodiment, the compact cylinder comprises a battery-type electric or solar power supply allowing the compact cylinder to be perfectly autonomous. According to another preferred embodiment, the solar energy is transformed into electrical energy and makes it possible to supply the pump of the compact jack or of the compactor according to the invention.

The compacting device according to the invention comprising a compact cylinder is particularly suitable for home use.

Because of its autonomy, the compacting device according to the invention is particularly suitable for waste management. In fact, the compacting device takes up little space and makes it possible to compact waste, preferably pre-sorted waste.

SEALING TAPE OR SEAL SEAL

A seal or seal, or sealing tape, means (14) having at least one of the functions of containing fluids, maintaining hydraulic pressure, stopping impurity intrusions, retaining the lubricant film on the spacers (wiper seal), resist deformation under radial load by guiding the piston (guide ring, guide strip), preferably the function of containing the fluids and maintain the hydraulic pressure.

The compact hydraulic cylinder according to the invention comprises at least one sealing strip (or seal) (14) at the level of the piston (5) ensuring the sealing of the lower chamber (1) vis-à-vis the bedrooms (2) and / or (3).

According to one embodiment, a seal (14), or sealing segment, comprises an elastic ring which is housed in grooves machined in the skirt of a piston (5). The seals allow the use of all the energy provided by preventing the fluid from escaping along the piston. The outside diameter at rest of the segments is slightly greater than that of the cylinder.

TOP OF THE VERIN

The compact cylinder comprises a removable closure means (16), such as a cover preferably securely closed (secure cover) by a strapping or a flange (15).

The compactor according to the invention comprises a removable closure means, preferably a lid closed securely by a strapping or a flange.

According to one embodiment, the means for closing the compact ram or the compactor, for example a lid, further comprises a seal.

INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID

By incompressible fluid (22) is meant a fluid whose volume remains constant under the action of an external pressure. The term "permanent or integrated incompressible fluid" means an incompressible fluid that is present in the enclosure of the jack permanently, which is stored therein. The enclosure of the compact cylinder therefore comprises a reservoir, preferably the enclosure of the compact cylinder is a reservoir.

The quality of the hydraulic fluid that can be used in the compact cylinder or compactor must take into account several elements: the lubrication power, the heat transfer coefficient, the anti-wear power and the good resistance to friction. This combination makes it possible to increase the service life of the components of the hydraulic system, thus reducing maintenance costs.

Examples of biodegradable fluids are known to those skilled in the art and will be able to choose them in compliance with the biodegradability standards of the OECD, the OECD301B standard, the OECD 201, 202, 203 standards, which respectively represent the non-ecotoxicity products to living marine organisms.

ISO standards make it possible to identify the fluids adapted to the particular situation of the invention, preferably an ISOVG46 or ISO VG32 fluid will be used mainly for low temperatures, ISO VG68 for high compaction temperatures.

Preferably, the fluid used in the jack according to the invention is a hydraulic fluid capable of rapidly transmitting the energy of the pump to the means (5, 14, 6, 7).

An incompressible hydraulic fluid chosen from water, a hydraulic oil, preferably a biodegradable hydraulic fluid, will be chosen.

Examples of biodegradable hydraulic fluids are non-saturated biodegradable hydraulic fluids (~ 2000 h of use), and saturated biodegradable hydraulic fluids (~ 6000 h of use).

Examples of biodegradable hydraulic fluids are: • HETG (triglyceride) according to ISO 15380 (generally for operating pressures below 210 bar); • HEES (synthetic ester) according to ISO 15380 (generally for operating pressures below 420 bar).

To avoid pollutants the reversible pump used in the compact cylinder, may be provided with at least one filter.

Preferably the incompressible fluid is water.

CHAMBER OF THE VERIN

According to one embodiment, the enclosure of the jack is separated into at least two spaces, or two chambers, ie: - a lower chamber (1) delimited by the bottom of the compact jack (13) and a piston (5) - - an intermediate chamber (2) delimited on one side by the piston (5) of the other by means (6).

According to a variant of the invention, the enclosure of the compact cylinder is separated into at least three spaces (chamber 1, chamber 2 and chamber 3), the chamber 3 being delimited by the means (6) and by a removable closure means (16) for example a cover, preferably a secure cover (15 + 16).

Secure cover means a cover retained by strapping or by a flange.

According to a preferred embodiment, the compact jack according to the invention comprises:

An enclosure (12) closed by a bottom (13) and a closure means (16), a sealed piston 5 + 14, preferably two pistons 5 + 14 and 6, connected by at least one means 7, an incompressible fluid (22) present permanently in the enclosure (12), and actuated on both sides of the sealed piston 5 + 14 by a pump (11), preferably a reversible pump, by means of two ducts 9 and 10, connecting the two chambers 1 and 2, delimited by the sealed piston 5 + 14.

Compactor

According to one embodiment, the compactor comprises a compact jack such as that described in the present invention, preferably a compact jack comprising a permanently incompressible fluid, (or a jack according to any one of the embodiments described below). above) and a closure means, for example a cover, preferably a removable cover, more preferably a removable cover retained by a strapping or a removable cover retained by a flange.

According to a preferred embodiment, the compactor comprises a compact jack comprising a permanently incompressible fluid (22) actuated by a pump (11), preferably a reversible pump, a piston (5) associated with a seal ( 14) or sealed piston (5 + 14), a piston (6) separated by three spacers (7) and a closing means (16), for example a cover, preferably a secure cover, more preferably a retained cover by a strapping or a cover held by a strap.

The compactor described is intended to reduce the volume of materials, in particular waste.

COMPACTOR CHAMBER

According to one embodiment, the chamber of the compactor is separated into at least three spaces (lower chamber 1, intermediate chamber 2 and upper chamber 3). The materials to be compacted are placed in the chamber 3, optionally on a bag bottom or in a bag (8).

OPERATION OF A COMPACTOR ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

According to one embodiment, the compact cylinder is characterized in that it comprises a permanently incompressible liquid (22), the movement of the lower chamber (1) to the intermediate chamber (2) pushes the piston (5) (Preferably the piston (5 + 14) connected to the piston (6) by three spacers (7), upwards, the liquid is propelled upwards by a pipe (10) and pushes the piston (5 + 14). The liquid is also sucked by a pipe (9) and the upward movement of the piston (5 + 14) also causes the incompressible liquid in the chamber (2) to move upwards (so that the incompressible liquid can be absorbed by the pipe (9).) The actuation of the reversible pump thus causes in one direction: - A movement of the piston (5) transmitted to the piston (6) by the three spacers (7), - a compression of the materials present in the chamber (3), on the piston (6) against the cover retained by strapping (Figure 2).

The presence of fluid in the cylinder is not temporary as is the case in the cylinders described so far since the compact cylinder according to the invention comprises a permanently incompressible liquid.

In addition, the incompressible fluid contained by the compact cylinder is under pressure only when the pump is actuated. At a standstill, the incompressible fluid (22) is subjected to atmospheric pressure only.

According to one embodiment, the reversible pump (11) is passing, the fluid (22) passes through the pump under the effect of atmospheric pressure.

According to a preferred embodiment, the jack according to the invention comprises three spacers (7) attached to the piston (5 + 14) and means (6). The length of the spacers is adapted to the spacing between (5) and (6), preferably 39 cm.

According to one embodiment, the piston (5) slides along the conduit (9).

According to one embodiment, the distance between the end of the duct (9) and the end of the duct (10) each connecting one end of the reversible pump, determines the stroke of the piston.

EXAMPLES OF USE

The arrangement and the arrangement of the means forming the compactor designed by the inventor, allows a reduction of the volume of material of at least a factor 2, at least by a factor of 4, at least by a factor of 5, at least by a factor of 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, preferably 10, volume of initial material).

The compact cylinder requires no valves, which makes it technically simpler and requires less maintenance than conventional cylinders.

The compact cylinder comprises an incorporated reservoir which makes it an easy device to implement and use, with a saving of space compared to the hydraulic cylinders described until now which require an external fluid reservoir.

In addition, the compact hydraulic cylinder does not require any system or return device (such as a spring for example), since the return is provided by the reversible pump and / or by atmospheric pressure. All these advantages make the compact cylinder according to the invention a cylinder easy to manufacture and implement for any type of use.

The present invention relates, in one aspect, to a method of manufacturing a jack comprising the arrangement of an enclosure, a piston, a pump, an incompressible liquid.

The present invention, according to another aspect, relates to a method of manufacturing a compactor comprising the arrangement of an enclosure, at least one piston, a reversible pump, an incompressible liquid, a means of closing the enclosure.

Depending on the size, the shape and the diameter of the means constituting the compact jack or the compactor of the invention, it makes it possible to lift loads (for the compact jack) or to compact various objects (for the compactor) such as objects. metal (eg cans).

COMPACTION PROCESS

According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a compaction process, comprising a step in which materials to be compacted are deposited in a compactor - optionally the materials to be compacted are in a bag or deposited on a bag bottom.

According to one embodiment, the compacting method comprises a step in which, by means of an integrated fluid hydraulic cylinder controlled or actuated by a pump, materials to be compacted placed in the compactor are compacted between a piston and against a closure means, preferably a secure removable cover that is to say that is retained by a strapping or a flange (preferred embodiment: Figure 1 and Figure 2). When the pump stops, the lid can be released. Preferably, the piston is in the highest position of its stroke (Figure 2). At this point, the compacted material can be removed (Figure 3).

PACKAGING PROCESS

According to one embodiment, the present invention proposes a packaging method comprising:

All the steps of a compacting process according to the invention and • the introduction of a package or envelope on the compacted material, said envelope extending along the chamber of the compactor. It may be a bag, (20) preferably a biodegradable bag, which will be installed upside down (handle down) on the compacted material and maintained on the outside of the compactor.

According to one embodiment, the packaging method further comprises: • the actuation of the pump which causes the bag to become compacted and results in their packaging.

According to one embodiment, the packaging method comprises:

All the steps of a compaction process according to the invention and at least one step of packaging compacted materials using a bag.

According to one embodiment, the packaging method comprises an initial step in which the cover retained by strapping is detached from the compacting device.

According to one embodiment, the packaging method comprises an initial step in which the cover retained by strapping is detached from the compacting device and a step of covering the compacted material by a packaging means. In said step of covering the compacted material by a packaging means, a packaging means, preferably a bag (such as a biodegradable bag), is placed on the compacted material.

Optionally, the packaging method comprises actuating the reversible pump of the compactor. According to one embodiment of the packaging method, this last optional step, step of actuating the reversible pump, results in the coating of the volume compacted by the bag, which facilitates the transport of the compacted material.

REMOVAL METHOD

According to one embodiment, the removal method comprises all the steps of a compaction process, optionally those of the packaging method according to the invention, and a step of removal of compacted material optionally packaged. According to one embodiment, the removal method further comprises a storage step and / or a step of destroying the compacted materials. A compaction process in a compactor with a square enclosure will make it possible to obtain compacted materials of square shape, which facilitates the process of storage of the compacted materials. It is thus possible to obtain the compacted materials in a bag. The method according to the invention provides an advantageous solution for the removal, transport and / or storage of the compacted material.

COMPACTABLE MATERIALS

The materials which can be compacted in the compaction device according to the present invention are various. The materials that can be compacted with the compacting device according to the invention are, for example, metal, for example aluminum, (cans), iron, alloy, (can), plastic (plastic bottles) In paper, in organic materials (green debris), preferably, the compactable materials in the compacting device according to the present invention are sorted, i.e. they are not mixed with a material of another kind (eg paper and metals).

The reduction in the volume of the materials obtained is greater than a factor 2 relative to the initial volume (volume reduction greater than 10% of the initial volume, preferably reduction greater than 20% of the initial volume and even more preferably greater than 200% of the initial volume. initial volume).

The volume of the materials is reduced by at least a factor 2, by at least a factor of 4, preferably by at least a factor of 10, relative to the initial volume.

RETURN OF THE VERIN

A reversible pump can induce movement of the incompressible fluid in a direction allowing return of the piston (s) to their base position. Other means of return are envisaged such as the unblocking of a passing pump

DEFINITIONS Cylinder

Cylinder means an actuator capable of providing a force and therefore a displacement.

In general, a hydraulic cylinder consists mainly of a deformable enclosure delimited by a closed cylinder at one end and a movable piston.

In general, a cylinder is characterized by its stroke, by the diameter of its piston and by the pressure that it can admit: • The stroke corresponds to the length of the displacement to ensure, • The developed effort depends on the fluid pressure and the diameter of the piston.

The force developed by a jack is • F is the developed force expressed in newtons. • P is the pressure expressed in pascais • S is the area of application of the pressure expressed in square meters, with R the radius of the piston in meters.

It will also be possible to determine the force F in daN or N, the pressure P in bar or Mpa and the application surface S in cm 2 or mm 2.

The output speed of the piston is a function of the piston surface and the flow rate of fluid entering the driving chamber: • V speed in m / s • Q volume flow in m3 / s. • S the application surface (piston area) in m2.

The product of the surface of the piston by the stroke gives the cylinder capacity of the cylinder; it corresponds to the volume of fluid necessary to pull out the entire piston rod.

Piston

Piston means a rigid or articulated piece moving in a chamber of suitable shape to ensure the variation of the volume of the chamber for the conversion of a pressure mechanical energy.

General operating principle

A jack is generally made of a cylinder and a piston. The piston slides in the cylinder and forms a bulkhead. When the fluid under pressure (air, water, oil other incompressible fluid) arrives in the chamber formed by the cylinder and the piston, the action of the pressure is exerted on all the faces of the chamber.

One of the faces of the piston undergoes the action of the fluid under pressure, while the other face undergoes the action of the fluid at atmospheric pressure. The force due to the compressed fluid is greater than the force due to atmospheric pressure. The piston then moves until its stem suffers a force sufficient to stop its movement. The return of the piston requires pressure on the other side of the piston.

In a conventional cylinder, the rod or means of translation, has the function of transmitting the force between the piston and the load to move, and / or to provide a part of the guide in translation. The stem usually comes out of the device.

Race

In general, the stroke of a cylinder is the distance that the rod can travel between its extreme positions. It is the piston, abutting on one side or the other of the cylinder which defines these extreme positions.

EXAMPLE DETAILED OF A VERIN ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

A compact hydraulic cylinder whose piston (5) is actuated by an incompressible fluid (22) present in the enclosure (12) of the cylinder and itself set in motion by a reversible pump (11), has been manufactured (FIG. ).

Briefly, a cylinder (12), a piston (5,14,6,7)) comprising a piston (5) with a seal (14), a piston (6) without seal and connected to (5) by three spacers (7), a reversible pump (11) connected respectively to the two compartments delimited by the piston (5) by a conduit (10) and a conduit (9), and an incompressible liquid (water) (22), have been assembled.

A compactor was also manufactured. Briefly, a cylinder closed on one side by a bottom, and on the other, by a removable cover (16, secured by a strapping (15), comprising a piston (5, (14) (6) (7 " a reversible pump (11) respectively connected to the two compartments delimited by the piston (5), a conduit (10) and a conduit (9), and an incompressible liquid (water) (22) have been assembled (FIG. D). The cylindrical chamber was 950 cm long and 300 cm inside diameter.

The piston (5, 14, 6, 7) comprised two disk-shaped pistons (5) and (6), 30 centimeters in diameter and 2 centimeters in thickness, and three guide means (spacers) (7), 39 centimeters in length, the piston (5) had a hole at its center 21 millimeters in diameter and was combined with a seal (14).

The pump had the following characteristics: a flow rate of 1700 L / h, a power of 350 W.

The distance between the end of (10) and the end of (9) is preferably 37 cm.

A volume of 26 liters of water (22) was introduced into the chamber (12).

This compact cylinder can exert a force (thrust) of 1900 Kg with a pressure of 2.7 bars.

EXAMPLE OF COMPACTOR

A compactor comprising a linear actuator or compact hydraulic cylinder such as that described above has been manufactured. Thus, the assembly of the parts described above was carried out and the top of the enclosure (16) closed with a secure cover (whose closure was secured by means of a strapping) ( 15).

This particular embodiment of the compact cylinder, this particular embodiment of the compactor and this particular manufacturing method are also objects of the present invention.

EXAMPLE OF A COMPACTION PROCESS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

In the device (compactor) described above, empty cans (compacting volume) have been placed in the upper chamber (3) on a bag bottom (8), itself on the piston (6), ( which is also the bottom of the compactor.The enclosure of the compactor was closed by the secure cover (15 and 16), the pump was actuated which resulted in the compacting of the cans (Figure 1 and Figure 2).

A reduction of the volume of cans greater than 10 compared to the initial volume was obtained.

Such an example is an embodiment of the compaction process according to the invention.

Example of a packaging method according to the invention

In the device (compactor) described above, empty cans (compaction volume) were compacted as described above. The pump was stopped and the secure lid released. The material compacted on the piston (6) (which is also the bottom of the compactor) was raised (by actuation of the pump) to the top of the compactor chamber and covered with a sealed bag (20) ( Figure 3).

The compacted material was then covered with a bag placed upside down on the compacted material, the bottom of the bag covering the compacted material and the walls descending beyond the compacted material, around the wall of the compactor.

The top of the bag was attached to the enclosure and the pump again actuated which resulted in adhesion of the bag to the compacted material.

Such an example is an embodiment of the packaging method according to the invention

The compacted and packaged cans were then removed. The compacted material thus packaged could be stored more easily.

Compacted materials and compacted packaged materials of the invention take much less space than uncompacted materials. The present invention therefore responds to the congestion problem. Thus, the invention proposes a method of reducing the volume of materials as well as a method of packaging and a method of removing materials which is simple to implement, saves space and facilitates the removal and storage. .

Claims (9)

1. Compact linear actuator comprising an integrated fluid reservoir, an incompressible fluid, characterized in that said incompressible fluid is set in motion by a reversible pump, setting in motion said incompressible fluid to flow on both sides of 'A piston. 2. compact linear actuator according to claim 1 characterized in that the reversible pump is integrated with the compact linear actuator. 3. compact linear actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 2 characterized in that it comprises an enclosure, two pistons connected by three spacers delimiting a lower compartment and an intermediate compartment. 4. compact linear actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (12), a bottom (13), a removable closure means (16), a piston associated with a seal sealing (14) sealing between two compartments, lower (1) and intermediate (2), said piston (5) being connected to a second piston (6) by three spacers (7) perpendicular to the pistons (5) and (6), the piston (6) and the removable closing means (16) delimiting an upper chamber (3), a reversible pump (11), water as incompressible fluid (22) present in the enclosure (12), and a conduit (9) connecting the reversible pump to an intermediate compartment (2). 5. Compacting device comprising a compact linear actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 4 closed by a removable closure means secured by a flange or strapping (16). 6. Compaction method in which a material placed on the piston (6) of a compacting device according to claim 5, is compacted by the movement of the piston (6), upwards, on the secure removable closing means ( 16) of said compacting device. 7. Compaction method according to claim 6 wherein said material to be compacted is placed initially above a bag bottom (8), or in a bag, said bag bottom or bag being itself placed on the piston (6). 8. A compaction method according to claims 6 or 7 which comprises a step of covering the compacted material with a package. 9. Compaction method according to claim 8 comprising a step of suctioning the air present in the package by actuating the pump.