FR3042207A1 - BUILDING BLOCK - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building block (1) for use in the construction of a wall, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of faces (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), the building block further comprising one or more through apertures (9, 10), each of said faces further having a set of concave and / or convex elements (Ecc, Ecv), said concave and / or convex elements being respectively intended to cooperate with convex and / or concave elements of other building blocks.

Description

BUILDING BLOCK

The present invention relates to a building block, a mold and a press for manufacturing the building block, and a method of constructing a wall from a set of such building blocks.

A building block is an element intended to form part of a wall.

A wall is constructed by assembling several building blocks, which may include, for example, bricks, concrete blocks, and / or solidification blocks (chaining).

To improve the strength of the wall, the building blocks may include through holes, which are intended to receive reinforcing bars and / or concrete.

However, these solidification elements do not always make it possible to obtain a wall having sufficient strength. In particular, they generally do not allow to obtain a wall meeting seismic standards.

There is therefore a need for building blocks, and methods of constructing a wall from such building blocks, to obtain a structure more resistant to environmental events, including earthquakes.

The present invention improves the situation. For this purpose, the invention proposes a building block intended to be used for the construction of a wall, characterized in that it comprises several faces, the building block further comprising one or more through-holes ( s), each of said faces further having a set of concave and / or convex elements, said concave and / or convex elements being respectively intended to cooperate with convex and / or concave elements of other building blocks.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the building block is a brick.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the building block is a chaining.

The building block is for example made of raw earth or concrete.

The building block has for example a parallelepiped shape. The invention also provides a mold configured to fabricate a building block as described above. The invention also provides a press configured to use the above mold for manufacturing a building block. The invention also provides a method of constructing a wall, comprising the steps of: / a / arranging a first set of building blocks as described above, to form a first row of building blocks, / b / arranging a second set of building blocks as described above, to form a second row of building blocks, said second row being disposed above the first row, the building blocks of the second row being disposed in staggered with respect to the building blocks of the first row, the concave and / or convex elements of the building blocks of one of said rows cooperating with the convex and / or concave elements of the other of said rows, / c / repeating the steps / a / and / b / to form a wall. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the description which follows. This is purely illustrative and should be read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic view in transparency and in perspective of a brick according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view in transparency and in perspective of a chaining according to one embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of a mold for making bricks according to one embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a press adapted to receive the mold of Figure 3; - Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of a first example of a wall constructed from bricks and chaining; and Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a second example of a wall constructed from bricks and chaining. The invention relates to a building block.

A building block is an element intended to form part of a wall.

In other words, the wall is built by assembling several building blocks, which are implemented (ie assembled) staggered.

A building block is for example a brick 1 or a chaining 101.

The term "chaining" is a building block designed to solidify horizontally and / or vertically a brick assembly.

The building block 1, 101 can be made of different materials, depending on the application. The building block 1, 101 is for example made of compressed raw earth or concrete.

In the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, the building block is a brick 1.

Brick 1 is here parallelepipedal and comprises an upper face (called "facing") 3, a lower face (called "counter-facing") 4, two longitudinal side faces (called "longitudinal fields") 5 and 6, and two faces Lateral transversals (called "transverse fields") 7 and 8.

Brick 1 can be hollow or full.

Brick 1 has one or more orifices 9 and 10. Brick 1 shown in FIG. 1 has two orifices 9 and 10. Each orifice 9, 10 passes through brick 1 vertically between its upper face 3 and its lower face 4.

Each edge of the ends of the orifices 9, 10 and each edge of the faces 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 has a chamfer 2. The chamfers 2 make it possible to increase the strength of the brick 1.

The orifices 9, 10 are intended to receive solidification elements, such as reinforcing bars, and / or a solidification material, such as concrete, after the brick 1 has been assembled in staggered rows with other blocks of concrete. construction (bricks and / or chaining).

In Figure 1, the upper 3, lower 4 and lateral 5 to 8 faces of the brick 1 each have a rectangular shape.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention visible in FIG. 3, the upper 3 and lower 4 faces of the brick 1 have a square shape.

In general, the faces 3 to 8 of the brick 1 may have any type of shape, depending on the application, that is to say the desired shape for the wall.

In the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the building block is a chaining 101.

Chaining 101 comprises a lower face (called "counter-facing") 104, and two longitudinal lateral faces (called "longitudinal fields") 105 and 106.

The chaining 101 may further comprise a transverse lateral face (called "transverse field", not shown).

In Figure 2, the lower faces 104 and longitudinal sides 105 and 106 of the chaining 101 each have a rectangular shape.

Alternatively, the faces 104 to 106 of the chaining 101 may have different shapes, depending on the application.

Chaining 101 has one or more orifices. Chaining 101 shown in FIG. 2 comprises two orifices 109 and 110 disposed on its lower face 104.

Each edge of the ends of the orifices 109, 110 and each edge of the faces 104, 105, 106 has a chamfer 102.

The chamfers 102 make it possible to increase the strength of the chaining 101.

Each face 3 to 8, and 104 to 106 of the building block 1, 101 comprises a set of concave elements (that is to say of grooves) Ecc and / or convex (that is to say of ribs ) Ecv.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the brick 1 comprises convex elements Ecv on its upper face 3, on one of its longitudinal lateral faces 5, and on one of its lateral lateral faces) 7.

The brick 1 further comprises concave elements Ecc on its lower face 4, on the other of its longitudinal lateral faces 6, and on the other of its transverse lateral faces 8. The concave Ecc and convex Ecv elements are rectilinear and arranged along axes orthogonal to the axes of the orifices 9, 10 of the brick 1.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, the chaining 101 comprises concave elements Ecc on its lower face 104, and on one of its longitudinal lateral faces 105.

The chaining 101 further comprises convex elements Ecv on the other of its longitudinal lateral faces 106.

The concave elements Ecc and convex Ecv are rectilinear and arranged along axes orthogonal to the axes of the orifices 109, 110 of the chaining 101.

The Ecc and convex concave elements Ecv of a building block 1, 101 are intended to cooperate with convex Ecv and concave elements Ecc of other building blocks 1, 101.

The function of the concave Ecc and convex elements Ecv is to form a bracing in order to improve the quality of the assembly of the building blocks 1, 101. The wall constructed with building blocks according to the invention thus has a better solidity. In particular, the wall has better resistance to an earthquake.

The combination of the chanterins / recesses and the Ecc and Convex Ecv concave elements makes it possible to build a wall that meets seismic standards. The invention also relates to a mold, configured to manufacture a building block 1, 101.

The mold is made of a material adapted to the material forming the building block 1, 101. In the case of a building block in compressed green earth, the mold is for example made of plastic or metal (for example steel) . For example, Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a mold 20 for making two 1 square bricks.

The mold 20 has two upper half-faces 21a and 21b, two lower half-faces 22a and 22b, two longitudinal lateral faces 23 and 24, and three transverse lateral faces 25, 26 and 27.

Each of the faces 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 comprises concave elements E'cc and convex E'cv, which are inverted with respect to what is desired for the corresponding face of the brick 1.

The two lower half-faces 22a, 22b also include projections 28a and 28b making it possible to form the orifices 9, 10, bricks 1.

A mold making it possible to manufacture a chained construction element 101 is made in a similar manner, and will not be described in detail. The invention also relates to a press configured to use a mold, for example the mold 20, to manufacture a building block 1, 101.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, the press 30 comprises a frame 31, an insertion module 32 of a material used to fabricate the building block, a molding module 33 of the building block, and means for actuating 34 of the molding module 33.

The molding module 33 is configured to receive a mold, for example the mold 20.

In the example shown, the actuating means 34 are manual and comprise a crank. It is obvious that other types of presses can be used, for example pneumatic presses, hydraulic, or hydraulic-pneumatic. The invention also relates to a method of constructing a wall from building blocks as described above.

The steps of the method according to one embodiment of the invention are described below.

The method here comprises a first step of arranging a first set of bricks 1 side-by-side to form a first row RI of a wall 40 (FIG. 5).

The bricks 1 of the first row RI are arranged in such a way that the convex elements Ecv of a transverse lateral face 7 of a brick 1 cooperate with the concave elements Ecc of a transverse lateral face 8 of the adjacent brick 1.

Then, the method comprises a second step of disposing a second set of bricks 1, to form a second row E2, disposed above the first row El.

The bricks 1 of the second row E2 are arranged in staggered relation to the bricks 1 of the first row R1, so that the convex elements Ecv of the upper faces 3 of the bricks 1 of the first row R1 cooperate with the concave elements Ecc of the faces lower 4 bricks 1 of the second row R2.

As previously described, the bricks 1 of the second row R2 are further arranged so that the convex elements Ecv of a transverse lateral face 7 of a brick 1 cooperate with the concave elements Ecc of a transverse lateral face 8 of the brick 1 adjacent.

The second step is then repeated to form a predefined number of rows, for example three rows R1, R2 and R3. The number of rows depends on the seismic risk of the area considered, as well as the quality of the basements.

Then, a row R4 chaining 101 is disposed on the upper row R3 of bricks 1.

The row R4 of chaining 1 is disposed above the row R3 of bricks 1 so that the convex elements Ecv of the upper faces 3 of the bricks 1 cooperate with the concave elements Ecc of the lower faces 104 of the chaining 101.

Concrete bars 41 may then be vertically disposed in the orifices 9, 10, 109, 110 of the bricks 1 and chaining 101.

Concrete reinforcing bars can also be arranged horizontally in the chaining 101.

Then concrete 42 may be poured into the orifices to solidify the structure forming the wall 40.

The steps described above are then repeated until the desired height for the wall 40 is obtained.

Depending on the applications, and particularly in geographical areas with high seismic risk, it may be desirable to build a wall with multiple thicknesses. For example, Figure 6 shows a wall 50 having three thicknesses.

In this case, in addition to what has been described above, the building blocks 1, 101 are arranged in such a way that the convex elements Ecv of a longitudinal lateral face 5, 106 of a building block 1, 101 cooperate with the elements Ecc concave with a longitudinal side face 6, 105 of the building block 1, 101 corresponding to the adjacent thickness.

The building blocks 1, 101 of a thickness are further arranged in staggered relation to the blocks of the adjacent thickness.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above as examples; it extends to other variants.

Claims (8)

1. Building block (1, 101) intended to be used for the construction of a wall (40, 50), characterized in that it comprises a plurality of faces (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 104 , 105, 106), the building block further comprising one or more through openings (9, 10, 109, 110), each of said faces further having a set of concave and / or convex elements. (Ecc, Ecv), said concave and / or convex elements being respectively intended to cooperate with convex and / or concave elements of other building blocks. 2. Building block according to claim 1, wherein the building block is a brick (1). 3. Building block according to claim 1, wherein the building block is a chaining (101). 4. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the building block is made of raw earth or concrete. 5. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the building block has a parallelepiped shape. Mold (20) configured to fabricate a building block according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A press (30) configured to use the mold of claim 6 for manufacturing a building block according to one of claims 1 to 5. A method of constructing a wall, comprising the steps of: / a / disposing a first set of building blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 5, to form a first row of building blocks, / b / arranging a second set of building blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 5, to form a second row of building blocks, said second row being disposed above the first row, the building blocks of the second row row being arranged in staggered relation to the building blocks of the first row, the concave and / or convex elements of the building blocks of one of said rows cooperating with the convex and / or concave elements of the other of said rows, / c / repeat steps / a / and / b / to form a wall.