FR3027318A1 - LOOK FOR UNDERGROUND NETWORK - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a look, for the closure of an access duct to an underground network, through a substrate (11) under the surface of the ground, in particular under a roadway (10), said eye being intended to be installed on a nozzle block (12) forming said conduit or on an old installation (16) for access to said underground network and comprises at least one base (2, 3, 32, 36) mounted on said nozzle block (12 ) or the old installation (16), and on which at least one buffer (1, 1.1) is mounted by means of height adjustment (17, 71, 32, 1.3) and / or inclination (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 29, 29.1), said sight being characterized in that it comprises locking means (6, 23, 25, 49) fixing said buffer (1, 1.1) on the base (2, 3, 36) and locking the adjustment in height and / or inclination.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of manholes for access to an underground network, particularly in the case of roads for example. The present invention relates in particular to a manhole, preferably adjustable, for closing an access duct to an underground network. The invention more generally relates to any type of look, such as a branching view giving access to a drinking water isolation valve, or any similar type of look or similar. Such a conduit or access to the underground network is generally formed under the surface of the ground, in particular under the roadway, and passes through a substrate, such as sand and / or earth for example. A nozzle block generally forms this duct on which the invention will be arranged, but various embodiments provide for arranging it on an old installation in the roadway, such as for example an old look or any other type of access to the underground network. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Underground networks are known in the field, especially in the case of evacuation networks under municipal roads, which are practical for discharging rainwater and wastewater. However, this type of network is inconvenient to require, especially to carry out maintenance activities, to install manholes regularly on the traffic lanes. This disadvantage is generally accompanied by problems of difficulty of implementation. Indeed, by the design at the moment, the establishment of a look of roadway by the road technicians is difficult to achieve, when it comes to incorporate it into the road (eg, the macadam ). The installation of the gaze must take place before the installation of the coating (bituminous in general). It is therefore difficult for the technicians to define the convex shape of the road and the height of the bituminous mix that will have to be laid. When laying the macadam, we use imposing machines that make it almost impossible to perfectly integrate a look into the pavement. In addition, the convex shape of a roadway generally has an arrow of up to 7 to 10 cm. This convex shape allows an evacuation of rainwater to the gutters to join one of the two networks. In addition, this convex shape makes it possible to limit the risk of an automobile traffic accident when it is raining (elimination or reduction of the aquaplaning effect). The fact of having a convex road, causes the problem of the perfect integration of the gaze in the pavement which is not of level (horizontal) whereas the glances are generally implanted vertically to the right of the conduits of access to the underground networks , but can also be accompanied by the problem of risk of traffic on the roadway, especially with a two-wheeled vehicle. It is estimated that a manhole is a piece of road which is brought to be taken every 10 years for adjustments. These adjustments are necessary, either because of a repair of the roadway, or because of the incessant passage of vehicles, which move, incline or sink the eye in the pavement, thus creating often a "pothole" dangerous for the users of vehicles. It is known from the prior art tilting circular or rectangular manholes, mounted on hinge T. These known looks all have a major disadvantage of difficulty of installation, but they also have the disadvantages of not providing for compensate for the height of tarmac deposited, nor to compensate for the convexity of the road. For this, it is necessary to provide a look allowing, once installed in the road, adjustments in height and flatness. It is also known from the prior art solutions that attempt to solve these problems of height adjustment and flatness, such as for example the patent application EP0826834 or the patent application FR2890671, but they have the disadvantage of not responding to the problem of difficulty of implementation. In addition, the solution proposed in the application EP0826834 has, on the one hand, the disadvantage that this adjustment of flatness is limited by the height adjustment (or vice versa), because the outer diameter of the adjustment means in height is too large compared to the inside diameter of the nozzle block for receiving the gaze. On the other hand, this solution has the disadvantage that the inclination adjustment is only possible in one direction and that it is necessary to provide many tilt adjustment means with different angles if you want ability to adapt to various convexities of the roadway. In addition, this solution has the disadvantage of not being reusable in case of repair of the roadway after the initial installation, despite the aim of this solution, because the height adjustment means are not protected against the bituminous mix generally laid on the road. Similarly, the solution proposed in application FR2890671 has, on the one hand, the disadvantage of leaving a space (horizontally) between the cover or buffer and the edge of the gaze, thus not sufficiently protecting the interior against the bituminous asphalt, but especially to leave a gap (vertically) between some of the inner edges of the gaze and the outer edges of the buffer, which implies a lack of residual flatness of the entire look, relative to the roadway. In addition, the various elements of this gaze are not made integral with each other, which implies a lack of resistance, and therefore of safety. Finally, the adjustment means present, in themselves, a lack of resistance, and therefore safety, since the eyes are generally subjected to the passage of vehicles whose weight can be very important. A European standard NF EN 124 defines a class and technical constraints to respect for manholes according to their location on the roadway (class C, 250KN, for a sidewalk and class D, 400KN, for a road).

Finally, another problem in the field relates to the fact that the covers (generally called buffer, as in the remainder of the present application) looks must be manipulated to access the underground network, without being manipulated untimely, by non-users. authorized or because of external events. For example, it has been observed in the case of floods, that an overpressure can be observed in the pipes of the mains drainage. This overpressure is capable of lifting the buffer from a normal roadway and therefore cause a significant risk (including falling or even suction) for users (pedestrians but also vehicles) that still circulate on the roadway.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In this context, it is desirable to provide a reliable look that is easy to implement and to increase the safety of users.

One of the aims of the invention is to provide a look providing improved safety for users and equipped with adjustment means in height and / or flatness of the eyes that are reliable and easy to adjust. Preferably, the adjustment could be carried out even after the intervention of the different machines used during a creation or repair of road, so that the eye marries the best shape of the roadway (during the initial installation or later). This goal is achieved by a look, for the closure of an access duct to an underground network, through a substrate under the surface of the ground, in particular under a roadway, said eye being intended to be installed on a floor. nozzle block forming said duct or on an old installation of access to said underground network and comprises at least one base, fixed on said nozzle block or the old installation, and on which at least one buffer is mounted by means of height adjustment and / or in inclination, said look being characterized in that it comprises locking means fixing said pad on the base and locking the adjustment in height and / or inclination. According to another particularity, the height adjustment means comprise a thread of the buffer complementary to a thread of said base, so that the screwing of the threads makes it possible to adjust the height of the buffer with respect to said base, said locking means comprising at least one screw adapted to be screwed into said base through the buffer to immobilize the latter at the desired height for the buffer. According to another feature, the inclination adjustment means comprise at least one inclined plane of said base and / or said buffer, so that the rotation on this inclined plane allows the inclination adjustment, said locking means comprising at least one screw adapted to be screwed through said base and / or buffer provided (s) of said inclined plane, to fix the inclination to the desired orientation. To facilitate understanding of the invention, various embodiments will hereinafter be detailed with reference to the accompanying drawings which are diagrammatic representations provided by way of example only and which are therefore not exhaustive or limiting, in which: DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 shows an exploded perspective view of a view according to certain embodiments. FIG. 2A represents a view from above of a view according to certain embodiments, and FIG. sectional view according to the sectional plane 2B-2B of FIG. 2A, FIG. 3A represents a top view of a view according to certain embodiments and FIG. 3B represents a sectional view along the section plane 3B-3B. FIG. 4A shows a top view of a manhole according to certain embodiments, and FIG. 4B shows a broken sectional view along the broken section plane 4B. 4B of FIG. 4A, FIG. 5A represents a view from above of a view according to certain embodiments and FIG. 5B represents a sectional view along the sectional plane 5B-5B of FIG. 5A. FIG. schematically the maneuverability of the buffer or the whole of the manhole during a pose with a lifting equipment. Figure 7 shows schematically the maneuverability of the buffer with a screwing apparatus. FIGS. 8A and 9A show front views of view locking means according to various embodiments, and FIGS. 8B and 9B show top views of the locking means, respectively, of FIGS. 8A and 9A, FIGS. 90 show enlargements of the insets, respectively 80 and 90, on the sectional views, respectively, 2B and 3B, FIGS. 9D and 8D respectively represent a top view and a sectional view along the sectional plane AA of FIG. 9D, a look buffer according to some embodiments, Figure 11 shows a top view of a look stamp according to some embodiments, Figure 1 OA shows a broken sectional view along the broken section plane 10A-1 OA of FIG. 11, and FIGS. 10B and 100 represent enlargements of the insets, respectively 10B and 100 on the broken cross-sectional view 10A, FIG. 13 represents a view from above of a base (called a mobile base) of 'a r in some embodiments, Fig. 12A shows a broken sectional view along the broken section plane 12A-12A of Fig. 13, and Fig. 12B shows an enlargement of the inset 12B in the broken cross-sectional view 12A; FIG. 15 represents a view from above of a base (so-called fixed) of a view according to certain embodiments, FIG. 14A represents a sectional view along the sectional plane 14A-14A of FIG. 15, and FIGS. 14B and 140 show enlargements of the inserts 14B and 140, respectively, on the sectional view 14A; FIG. 17 shows a top view of a protective skirt of the base of a look according to certain embodiments, FIG. 16A is a broken sectional view along the broken section plane 16A-16A of FIG. 17, and FIG. 16B shows an enlargement of the inset 16B in the broken cross-sectional view 16A; FIG. 19 is a top view of FIG. a base (so-called fixed) of a look according to some In embodiments, Fig. 18A shows a sectional view along the sectional plane 18A-18A of Fig. 19, and Figs. 18B and 180 show enlargements of the insets 18B and 180, respectively, in the sectional view 18A. FIG. 22 represents a view from above of a view according to certain embodiments, FIGS. 20A and 21 represent sectional views, respectively exploded and assembled, according to the section plane AA of FIG. 22, FIG. 20B represents an enlargement of the inset 20B on the sectional view 21, and Figure 23 shows an exploded sectional view, along the same sectional plane, of a look according to a variant of these embodiments. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a look, for closing an access duct to an underground network. Such a conduit generally passes through a substrate (11) under the surface of the ground, in particular under a roadway (10). The gaze is intended to be installed on a nozzle block (12) forming said conduit or on an old installation (16) for access to said underground network. For this, the sight comprises at least one base (2, 3, 32, 36) mounted on said nozzle block (12) or the old installation (16). On this base is mounted at least one buffer (1, 1.1), by means of height adjustment means (17, 71, 32, 1.3) and / or inclination (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4). Various embodiments of the invention relate to advantageous adjustment means, in particular by their reliability and the security they provide. In some embodiments, the look advantageously comprises locking means (6, 23, 25, 49) fixing said pad (1, 1.1) on the base (2, 3, 36) and locking the height adjustment and / or in inclination.

In certain embodiments, the invention thus meets the two problems of height adjustment and flatness catching mentioned in the preamble of the present application, but various embodiments can provide only a height adjustment or only a tilt adjustment. . In addition, some embodiments, not exclusive (and therefore combinable with the above) address the problem of lifting the lid or buffer and thus further improve the safety of users. It will be noted that in various embodiments including inclination adjustment means, the presence of two inclined planes, on two different parts whose relative rotation makes it possible to adjust the inclination of the assembly, allows when the two inclined planes have the same degree of inclination, to obtain a flat set (of zero inclination) when one arranges the two inclined planes with an opposite orientation relative to each other. Thus, for example, in Figure 21 is shown a view comprising two inclined planes of the same angle and a flat view is obtained. This figure shows the complementarity of the inclined planes because the cutting plane is chosen parallel to the slope of the inclined planes to show them well. On the other hand, in FIG. 2B, the section plane is chosen, on the contrary, perpendicular to the slope, so that the presence of inclined planes is not obvious. Thus, this FIG. 2B actually represents embodiments where two inclined planes are present, but it could also represent embodiments where no inclined plane is present (as in the illustrative and nonlimiting example of FIG. 4B ).

The invention can be declined in various installation variants: - A new installation providing the 2 types of adjustment to ensure good installation on a new floor, for example as shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in Figure 2B or the Figure 3B. - A new less evolved installation having only a height adjustment, including (but not only) conceivable for small diameters for which the flatness adjustment is negligible, for example as shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in Figure 4B. - An implementation in an old installation (16) such as an existing manhole, with an additional adapter element (36), for example as shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in Figure 5B where the look only has a height adjustment. However, in such an installation, the use of an adaptation element (36) makes it possible to dispense with height adjustment since this element can be provided to determine the correct height. In addition, this adaptation element (36) can provide an adjustment of the flatness, alone or in combination with the height adjustment, by providing that the adaptation element simply forms a bowl to fit into the old one. look, without any means of adjustment. Such a bowl then simply replaces the fixed base (3) of various embodiments detailed below and can receive various adjustment means as detailed below. When creating a mains drainage system, for example with a new installation of large manholes, the use of the most elaborate solution is recommended, as for example of the type shown on Figure 3B. In a small installation or on a floor or a roadway that does not have convexity or unevenness, for example in the case of a connection window allowing access to a water isolation valve drinking on the traffic lanes or sidewalks, we can choose only a height adjustment, for example as shown in Figure 4B. When an installation is already existing and that one wishes to keep the base of the former look of roadway (16) one installs a "kit of adaptation" (36). The present application details various embodiments comprising at least one base (3), said fixed, mounted on the nozzle block or an old installation and at least one base (2), said mobile, mounted on the fixed base. It will be understood from the present application that the manhole may comprise a single base, for example a base comprising a thread (71) complementary to a thread (17, 17.1) of the buffer if the sight is provided adjustable in height, as for example shown in Figure 4B, or not including such a thread if the view is not provided adjustable in height. Similarly, such a single base may or may not include an inclined plane for tilt adjustment. As detailed below, the fixed base can be separated into several parts. Each of these parts may comprise an inclined plane or not. Similarly, the mobile base (2) may comprise an inclined plane, as for example shown in Figure 12A, or have no inclined plane (and that the fixed base has an inclined plane or not). Note also that the terms "fixed" and "mobile" are used to designate the fact that it is possible to rotate the mobile base relative to the fixed base to adjust the inclination of the gaze, but it is understood that they do not necessarily mean a fixation or a freedom, because one prefers in any case to fix the elements between them to improve the safety of the users. Thus, the fixed base (3), or the single base (32) is preferably fixed on the nozzle block or the old installation. Similarly, the movable base is preferably fixed to the fixed base, especially when the eventual or any adjustment (s) have been made. These fasteners are for example provided by fixing means known per se, for example such as screws or bolts. The height adjustment In some embodiments, the height adjustment means (17, 71, 32, 1.3) comprise at least one thread (17) of the buffer (1, 1.2, 1.3) complementary to at least one thread ( 71) of said base (2, 3, 3.1, 32, 36), so that the screwing of the threads (17, 71) makes it possible to adjust the height of the buffer (1, 1.2, 1.3) with respect to said base (2 , 3, 3.1, 32, 36). In these embodiments, said locking means preferably comprise at least one screw (6) adapted to be screwed into said base through the buffer to immobilize the latter at the desired height for the buffer. Thus, in some embodiments, the view according to various embodiments uses the principle of closing the pad or cover, by a system or screwing principle. Screwing the pad more or less allows adjustment in height relative to the ground (e.g., to the pavement). The adjustment of flatness In some embodiments, the inclination adjustment means comprise at least one inclined plane (29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4) of said base (2, 3, 3.1, 32, 36) and or said buffer (1, 1.2, 1.3), so that the rotation on this inclined plane allows inclination adjustment. In such embodiments, said locking means preferably comprise at least one screw (6, 49) adapted to be screwed through said base and / or buffer provided (s) of said inclined plane, to freeze the desired inclination and / or the desired orientation of this inclination. The look according to various embodiments uses the principle of rotation, on at least one inclined plane, of at least two parts relative to each other, for adjusting the flatness (or inclination). This adjustment can be improved by rotating more than two pieces on several inclined planes. In some embodiments, said inclination adjustment means (1.1, 1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4) comprise a substantially circular ring (1.2) whose height varies progressively over its revolution of revolution, so as to form an inclined plane (29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4) adapted to receive said buffer (1.1), said ring (1.2) resting on a ring (1.3) comprising the thread (17) of height adjustment of said buffer (1.1). The locking means of the (or) Settings Note that the term "screw" is used here to designate the screw function but that various devices are possible, such as a bolt or any device adapted to be screwed into the buffer. In addition, the locking means may also not be screwed but include for example a tenon whose handling is secured by a latch or other means blocking the actuation.

Moreover, in certain embodiments, of which an illustrative and nonlimiting example is shown in FIG. 23 detailed later in this description, one and the same locking means (eg, the same "screw" (6, 49) , in the example shown) locks both the height and tilt adjustment.

The length of the thread (17) of the pad is preferably greater than the length of the net (71) of the base for a greater adjustment stroke. Preferably, the eye comprises a skirt (4) surrounding the parts provided with threads (17, 71) to protect them against invasion by substances that may interfere with the screwing / unscrewing of these parts, for example dust or pebbles, but especially the tarmac asphalt that is usually poured around the eyes. On the other hand, the buffer preferably comprises a projection (for example in the form of a crown) on the outer periphery of which is formed the thread (17) of the buffer. In a complementary manner, the base comprises a ring on the inner periphery of which is formed the net (71) of the base, with a screw thread complementary to that of the net (17) of the buffer. However, it is possible to provide an inverted configuration, in which the buffer comprises a ring with an internal thread and the base comprises an external thread. Such an inverted configuration may possibly make it possible to dispense with a skirt (4) or to limit the necessary height. However, an outer thread for the pad is generally preferred so as not to limit the height adjustment stroke. In addition, it will be noted that it is preferred to use height adjustment means in the form of large crowns, in particular dimensions close to that of the look itself, so as to ensure a good solidity of the look despite the presence adjustment means, to ensure the safety of users. Finally, it should also be noted that in the case where the buffer has an external thread (thread) screwed into an internal thread (tapping) of the base, it is preferably provided that the inner diameter of the base is substantially smaller. that the inside diameter of the nozzle block (12) or the old installation (16) on which (or which) the sight must be arranged, so that the inclination adjustment does not limit the height adjustment because of a possible contact between the buffer and the nozzle block (12) or the installation. Indeed, some solutions of the prior art have the disadvantage that the buffer can sometimes not be sufficiently screwed into the base because of the tilt adjustment. It is therefore provided here an adjustment of the inner and outer diameters of the various elements according to the angles of inclination and dimensions of the structures on which the eye is intended to be installed. Thus, in certain embodiments, provision is made for a view that does not necessarily include means for locking the height and / or inclination adjustment, but comprising a base of internal diameter determined as a function of the internal diameter of the structure intended for the accommodate and the expected degree of inclination. Similarly, it will be noted that an inward offset (a shift towards the center) of the portion provided with the internal thread (71) is preferably provided, so as to ensure the absence of contact between the external thread ( 17) and the underlying structures (eg, the base and the nozzle block or the old installation). The term "crown" is used in the present description to designate annular structures, for example substantially cylindrical, with in general (but not necessarily) a variable height on their revolution revolution. This designation should not therefore be interpreted in a limiting way since it does not normally imply any limitation on the exact shape of the structure (which may have a square or rectangular cross-section for example), whereas in the case of a ring with a net, it is clear that the cylindrical shape is required. The term "buffer" is used here to refer to the cover of the manhole in a known manner and must not be interpreted in itself in a limiting manner and only the particular technical characteristics of the various arrangements of the buffer according to various embodiments must be considered. In some embodiments, said base (2, 3, 32, 36) has, on its upper surface facing the lower surface of the pad (1, 1.1), a plurality of holes (25), distributed angularly with a determined distribution, to receive said locking screw (6) through the buffer (1, 1.1) and allow locking at different heights. It should be noted that it is possible to choose, especially for a view of reduced size, not to provide inclination adjustment, for example as shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in FIG. 4B. Note also that in such a case, it is not necessary to provide the base in several parts, unlike the example shown in Figure 4B where a movable base (2) is mounted on a fixed base (3), since the rotational mobility of the movable base is mainly useful for tilting adjustment on the inclined fixed base used in other embodiments (particularly Figure 3B for example).

Those skilled in the art will understand the present description and the various references used for the elements of the various parts of the gaze, that these various referenced elements may be present on the various referenced parts, even if the illustrative figures do not necessarily show such modes. of realization. Thus, a given hole (25 for example) or an inclined plane (29, 29.1, etc.) can be provided on the various pieces (2, 3, 32, 36, etc.) to accomplish the function which is described herein. request. In some embodiments, said screw (6) comprises, at least on a proximal portion, at least one thread (22) complementary to a tapping (24) in the buffer (1). In some embodiments, said screw (6) comprises, at least on a distal portion, a pin (23) complementary to a housing (25) in said base (2, 3, 32, 36). It is generally chosen that the screw is thus screwed only in the buffer, to facilitate the establishment of the locking device and limit the cost since it has only a tapping hole (or only a few holes, d less than 6 for example) in the buffer instead of having to tap many holes in the base, since it is much preferable to have a plurality of holes in the base to facilitate adjustment at different heights. In some embodiments, said tilt adjustment means (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4) comprise at least one ring gear (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2), for example, substantially circular, whose height varies progressively over its revolution revolution, so as to form an inclined plane (29, 29.1) adapted to receive said base (2, 3, 3.1, 32, 36) or forming this base alone or in combination with another room, or adapted to receive said buffer (1, 1.1). In such embodiments, said locking means (6, 23, 25, 42, 42.1, 42.2, 49) preferably comprise at least one screw (6, 49) adapted to be screwed into said ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2), possibly forming, alone or in combination with another part, said base (2, 3, 32, 36) thus traversed by said screw (6, 49), or adapted to be screwed directly into said base and / or in said buffer (1, 1.1), so as to immobilize said ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) once its orientation has been determined for adjusting the inclination. Thus, according to the various embodiments, it is possible to provide a screw (6) for locking the height adjustment and a screw (49) for locking the tilt adjustment. In many embodiments, such as those shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in FIGS. 3B, 14A and 18A, it is the fixing of the base with a given orientation, for example using a screw or a bolt that defines the orientation of the inclined plane. This orientation is therefore adjusted to the configuration of the environment thanks to the various holes suitable for receiving such a screw. In other embodiments, such as those shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in FIGS. 20A and 21, it is the screwing of a screw (49) fixing the buffer and / or a crown with an inclined plane to remains of the look that allows the adjustment of the orientation of the inclination. This screwing also makes it possible to adjust the angle of inclination when several inclined planes are used, as in the example of FIGS. 20A and 21, where it can be seen that a look without inclination is obtained by combining the inclined plane buffer with a crown with an inclined plane, if one has chosen inclined planes of the same inclination value. Thus, in some embodiments, said base (2, 3, 32, 36), including the height adjustment net (71), and the crown (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2), including the inclined plane (29, 29.1), are two separate parts from each other, made integral with each other by fastening means. Most of the figures except Figures 4 and 5 show examples of these embodiments. Conversely, in certain embodiments, said base (2, 3, 32, 36), comprising the height adjustment net (71), and the crown (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2), comprising the inclined plane (29, 29.1), are formed by a single piece, for example as shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in FIGS. 4 and 5. On the other hand, in certain embodiments, the look includes a second ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) whose height varies progressively along its revolution revolution so as to form an inclined plane (29, 29.1) adapted to receive said base (2, 3, 32, 36 ) or said buffer (1, 1.1) or the first ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2). Such an example is not shown in the figures, but one skilled in the art will have understood that it is possible to add several crowns, for example in a configuration of the type of FIGS. 14 and 15, but also FIGS. 19, as well as Figures 20, 21 and 22. In some embodiments, the tilt adjusting ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) is formed by a fixed base (3) anchored to the nozzle block. (12) and receiving a movable base (2) comprising said height-adjusting net (71), for example as shown in an illustrative and nonlimiting manner in FIGS. 3A, 3B and FIGS. 14A, 14B, 140 and 15. In certain embodiments, the fixed base (3) forming the inclination adjusting ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) comprises a first ring (3.1) of constant height and a second ring (3.2) of variable height on its revolution revolution, secured to the first ring (3.1) by fixing means, for example e as shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in FIGS. 18A, 18B, 180 and 19. In some embodiments, the tilt adjusting ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) is formed by a movable base (2) comprising said height-adjusting thread (71) and fixed on a fixed base (3) anchored to the nozzle block (12), for example as shown in an illustrative and nonlimiting manner in Figure 12A. Note that the two aspects can be combined by providing an inclined mobile base for tilt adjustment and provided with the height adjustment net. In addition, such a mobile base can be combined with any fixed base described in the present application, whether it has an inclined plane or not. In some embodiments, said pad (1.1) mounted on said inclination adjusting ring (1.2) has an inclined lower surface for further inclination adjustment, for example as shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in Figs. 20A, 21 and 22. It should be noted that once again, this type of alternative embodiments with tilt adjustment at the buffer (and possibly including a sloped lower surface buffer for additional tilt adjustment) can be combined with any other variant embodiment of the mobile and / or fixed bases described in the present application (eg, with or without an inclined plane for the tilt adjustment). It will be noted that in these embodiments, as particularly visible in FIGS. 20A, 21 and 20B, because of the adjustment of the inclination, the holes (42, 42.1, 30.2) allowing the passage of the inclination locking screw (49) through the pad (1.1) and the inclined ring (1.2) must be larger inside diameter than the outer diameter of the screw (49), while this screw has substantially the same diameter as the threaded hole ( 30.3) receiving the threaded distal end of this screw (49) in the threaded crown (71) of height adjustment. On the other hand, it is possible, in some embodiments, to use only one and the same locking means, for example a security screw (6, 49), to lock both the height adjustment. and tilt adjustment. An illustrative and nonlimiting example of such embodiments is shown in FIG. 23. In this example, generally representing a variant of the embodiments of FIG. 21, the intermediate ring (1.2) forming an inclined plane (29.4) and arranged between the pad (1.1), possibly also provided with an inclined plane (29.3), and the crown (1.3) of height adjustment, has an outer diameter greater than that of the crown (1.3) of height adjustment and the holes (42.1) adapted to receive the security screw (6, 49) are arranged vis-à-vis the holes (20) of the buffer (1.1), so that said screw passes through the buffer and the intermediate ring to be screwed in the holes (25) of the base comprising the pitch (71) of height adjustment. In this case, this hole (25) will be tapped while the hole (20) of the buffer (1.1) and the hole (42.1) of the intermediate ring (1.3) are preferably smooth and of internal diameter greater than the outer diameter of the screw (6, 49), so as to facilitate the inclination adjustments (with however limited play to the maximum to limit the risk of shearing the screw). Thus, by tapping the hole (25) of the base, the screw fixed parts between them and allows to lock both settings (height and inclination) at the same time. Note that one can preferably provide to set the intermediate ring (1.2) tilt adjustment on the crown (1.3) for height adjustment before mounting the buffer on the assembly, although Figure 23 shows no such fixation. The view according to various embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the illustrative and non-limiting examples of the figures. Nothing in the remainder of the present description should therefore be considered in a limiting manner since the functional explanations above provide the framework for applying the various embodiments of the invention and the details provided below (in terms of size, number of elements, shape, etc.) are only examples with certain advantages. The invention in the most elaborate version is defined in 4 main elements Figure 1, figure for abbreviation: - 1) The buffer - 2) The mobile base - 3) The fixed base - 4) The skirt And 4 secondary elements: - 5) Adjustment block - 6) Safety screw - 7) Anti-odor seal - 8) O-ring BUFFER: The buffer can have different diameters depending on the need (at a glance, to the manhole).

Example of use: for a diameter of about 20 cm, the innovation can be used as a connection point for access to the drinking water stop valve on the road, for a diameter of about 60 cm , the passage of a man for a maintenance intervention on a pipe.

The adjustment in height, with respect to the roadway, is done by screwing more or less the buffer (1) in the mobile base (2). The type of screw pitch used is preferably a square screw pitch (17 and 71), which allows a high resistance to shear, thus to withstand the strong mechanical stresses generated by the rolling of a large load on it ( Standard NF EN 124), and also allows to have a large screw pitch. (The pitch of screw, will determine in mm the displacement in height of the buffer when this one makes a complete revolution). The complete rotation (1 revolution) of the buffer allowing the buffer to rise or fall in the value of this same thread pitch, but by providing a plurality of housings (25) for the tenon (23) of the safety screw, understands that one can fine tune the height adjustment to a value equal to the screw pitch divided by the number of holes (preferably spaced regularly). The maneuvering of the complete manhole can be carried out using known tools or with the aid of more specific tools, an example of which is shown in FIG. 6. When laying eyes or for a maintenance operation it is possible to actuate the buffer which is carried out with specific tools with lifting hooks (13) which is inserted into the two maneuvering holes (18) for easier manual or mechanical manipulation (see Figure 6). . The screwing and unscrewing of the buffer, an example of which is shown in FIG. 7, can be carried out using a specific tool, called an operating key (14), such as a key with 2 rectangular pins (19). which fit into the two blind maneuvering holes (18), and which are handled by the maneuvering handles (15).

Handling of the buffer can only be done by authorized personnel, a security lock is mandatory. Blocking in rotation (screwing / unscrewing) of the buffer is achieved by a safety screw (6) screwed into the buffer (1). The head of the screw (21) security is housed in a countersink (20) allowing it to not exceed the buffer (1).

The safety screw (6) is screwed into the buffer. The tenon (23) of the security screw (6) is housed in one of the four holes (25) of the mobile base (2). Preferably, the screwing down of this security screw with a specific head (21) can only be performed with an appropriate key as detailed with reference to the examples of Figures 8A, 8B and 9A, 9B. In order to guarantee easy dismantling of the safety screw over time, an O-ring (8) is preferably placed under the screw head, guaranteeing watertightness as well as screw dusting. (22, 24), this O-ring is housed in a chamfer (27) formed at the bottom of the countersink (20).

In the example of four smooth holes (25) in the mobile base (2), to receive the tenon of the safety screw, a bore positioned in the buffer (see Figure 11), makes it possible to perform a rotation adjustment 1/4 turn of the thread of the buffer (2), the finest adjustment in height being a quarter of the length of the thread.

In addition, to further improve the accuracy of the height adjustment, it is possible to provide several holes (20, 22) in the buffer, preferably shifted by a value less than 180 ° and ideally less than or equal to 90 °. In the case of four holes (25) in the base, it can even advantageously reduce this offset to a value of 45 ° so as to optimize the accuracy. Thus, a second hole (counterbore 20) offset by 45 ° with respect to the first, has a double advantage (see Figure 11): 1) It allows a 1 / 8th adjustment "instead of a 1/4 turn so a 1 / 8th adjustment of the screw pitch, therefore a finer adjustment in height 2) In case of destruction of the 1 st screw thread (24), the second remains operational and can be used with a setting which amounts to 1 / 4 turn, without buffer replacement To keep the second thread of the buffer operational, a screw, for example of the CHC type, is simply screwed into the buffer, with an O-ring under the head as for the safety screw The screw (for example CHC) must have a length equal to or less than the length of the screw thread (24) In general, a maximum unscrewing height of the buffer (1) will be imposed.This height will be limited by the number of a spiral of the square screw thread (17, 71) able to withstand a maximum load without destroying the screw thread. The length of the thread can be maintained by the length of the stud (23) of the safety screw in the mobile base (2). Indeed, it is sufficient to provide the screw with a length corresponding to the number of turns sufficient to meet the permissible load limits. Thus, during the installation, if the security screw does not lock the buffer, the person in charge of the installation will know that the maximum height of adjustment is reached and that it is then necessary to replace the buffer by another with a longer thread and associated with a longer safety screw. The stamp (1) preferably includes a pattern or anti-slip coating for a question of safety of road users, and particularly for a two-wheeled vehicle. Such a coating or pattern to prevent skidding vehicles can take different forms, ranging from the most basic to the most complex (teardrop, to the coat of arms of the city). A security option is possible Figure 8D and 9D, is to reduce the thickness of the melt buffer (1), and replace it simply by macadam. This is simply incorporated into the buffer of the manhole during the laying of the macadam of the road. THE BASE: The base (2) can have 2 declinations: - Made in two parts for large diameters (manhole access to a look of pavement) most elaborate variant with adjustment of the flatness figure 2. - Realized in one piece for small diameters (look of connection of a closing valve of drinking water supply) no possibility of adjustment of flatness figure 4. For the most frequent cases, what are the large diameters (hole d this allows a flatness adjustment. In some embodiments, the base consists of two elements: - a movable base 12A and 13 - a fixed base 14A and 15 The two-piece base is recommended for large diameters.

Mobile base (FIGS. 12A and 13) The mobile base (2) is it which receives by screwing the buffer (1). The thread (71) will have a minimum number of turns to withstand the significant shear stresses that the buffer (1) transmits. Regarding the constraints that will have to support the manholes, different type of look with different threads may be proposed depending on the location of the gaze on a sidewalk or pedestrian or on the roads. In order to avoid clogging of the square screw thread (71), and therefore blocking of the buffer (1) in the mobile base (2), four vertical grooves (28) are formed in the thread, to allow the evacuation of residues during rotation. If grains of sand have been trained in the screw thread (71), turning the buffer (1) in the mobile base (2) allows them to be carried away by rolling, and eliminate them as they pass in front of the groove (28).

As mentioned above, the communal roads having a convex shape, once the manhole is positioned in the tarmac, it is impossible to perform a flatness adjustment. By rotating the movable base (2) on the fixed base (3), the latter resting on an inclined plane (29) of 2 ° (arbitrary value) FIG. 12A and FIG. 14A, this allows a maximum adjustment to be made about 30mm (for a diameter of about 600mm) for a complete rotation of one turn and at least 1/4 turn of rotation a flatness rectification of about 8mm. Once the adjustment is complete, bolting (or screwing) is done in the four smooth holes (30, 30.1, 30.2 or 42, 42.1). Thus, a bolt or a screw (49) per hole comes to secure the assembly. In order to allow the locking in rotation of the pad (1) relative to the movable base (2) to prevent it from being unscrewed, one of the four smooth holes (25) receives the pin (23) of the security screw 8C. A circular groove or groove (31) is provided in the upper part of the movable base (2) to receive the anti-odor seal (for example a toric multi-turn seal) (7) in order to ensure odor-tightness between the mobile base (2) and the buffer (1), FIGS. 8C and 9C.

Fixed base (Figure 14A, 15, 18A, 19). It is the fixed base that is responsible for transferring the mechanical stresses (high load) to the nozzle block (12). Once installed and partially embedded in the macadam, no adjustment can be made.

It receives on its high part the mobile base (2), on its inclined plane (29.1, 29.2) also 2 °, once the adjustment of flatness carried out, compared to the macadam of the roadway, it is necessary to secure the two bases. The two bases are made integral by four screws or bolts which are inserted in the four fixing holes (30.1, 30.2, 30.3) provided for this purpose.

A base in two parts also allows a subsequent adjustment, if after implementation in the state of the art, the base was sinking into the substrate (11) of the floor where the nozzle block (12) to move, the lack of flatness can be resumed again (see Figure 3). The fixed base (3) also receives the skirt (4). To fix this skirt, smooth holes (33.1, 33.2) are provided to receive screws or bolts screwed into the base (see Figure 14B, 14C, 18B and 18C). The recommended one-piece base for small diameters is shown in Figure 4. The one-piece base (32) called the branching eye is used for eg access to isolation valves or a water inlet meter drinking that feeds the individual. It will be used for small diameters up to 20cm in diameter of the buffer. The buffer (1) allows direct access to the head of the isolation valve with a specific tube wrench. On such a diameter, the gap of flatness is negligible. The base in one piece is reserved for tampons do not exceed 20cm, so small. The one-piece base (32), for small diameters, also receives the protective skirt (4), to allow the attachment of the latter, four smooth holes (33) are provided for this purpose to receive four bolts which make the assembly integral with the skirt (4) of the fixed base (3). The tightening of the 4 nuts must be accessible with a key, the block nozzle should not prevent its accessibility. THE SKIRT The role of the skirt (4) is to maintain the tarmac, when laying it and thus to allow the rotation of the pad (1) without friction on the tarmac, but also to avoid that the macadam comes into contact with the screw thread (17) of the buffer (1). The skirt (4) is fixed by means of (for example) four tabs (34) to the fixed base (3) by four bolts introduced into the smooth holes (33, 33.1, 33.2), which must be accessible under the fixed base for tightening. A height adjustment of the skirt (4) is necessary, to adjust it to the height of the buffer (1) and thus the road macadamized Figure 3, especially in the case of a tilt adjustment look. The height adjustment of the skirt (4) will be done by adding a shim (5) under the brackets of the skirt (34) and to make up the inclination, it is possible to provide wedges of different height. When the whole of the manhole is already installed in the macadam, and that one comes to make a repair of roadway by the addition of a layer of additional tarmac (9) figure 3, four notches (35) are provided in the skirt (4) to insert a crowbar to facilitate maneuvering. To facilitate a form removal operation of the skirt (4), a draft with an angle of 5 ° (37), allows the takeoff of it from the macadam figure 16B.

THE ADJUSTMENT CAGE The role of the adjustment wedge (5) is the element which serves to maintain the skirt (4) at the height of the buffer (1) therefore on the same plane as the macadam of the road. The spacer is positioned under the fastening tabs (34) of the skirt (4). The shim (5) may consist of a simple stack of metal washers to allow fine adjustment, of the order of 2 millimeters. The number of washers may vary from one leg to the other, in the case where the mobile base (2) is not parallel to the fixed base (3), in the case of a convex road. THE SECU RITE SCREW The purpose of the safety screw (6) is to hold the buffer (1) integral with the mobile base (2), thus avoiding its rotation. The safety screw (6) has three parts: - A head (21), preferably special to prohibit manipulation of the buffer (1) by unqualified personnel. The head can be made for example as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The type of head used can be a head with notch or triangular projection (Figure 8), or a head type TORX A2 Security (Figure 9). - A thread (22) which is screwed into the buffer (1). The length of the screw thread of this thread (22) of the safety screw must be less than or equal to the length of the screw thread of the tapping (24) in the buffer (1). - A smooth pin (23) is housed in one of the 4 holes (25) of the mobile base. The length of the post (23) is determined to be no longer effective when the number of turns of the square pitch (17, 71) has reached its shear safe limit. THE ANTI-ODOR SEAL The role of the seal (7) is to maintain an odor-tightness due to the gray and black water of mains drainage, this seal is nonetheless optional, and not used for small diameters (connection view a drinking water isolation valve). The seal (7) consists of a metal base in the form of a ring which will be housed in the groove (31) (FIGS. 2 and 3) of the mobile base (2). On this metal base, is glued a ring-shaped seal assembly of elastomeric material Figure 90. Depending on the height between the pad and the movable base, one or more strands of the seal is cut to adjust this height. O-RING This is simply a commercial seal that is used. Its function is to maintain water and dust tightness of the thread of the safety screw (6) and the reserve screw CHC. This point also has a second function which is to prevent loosening of the safety screw by the repeated vibrations of vehicles rolling on the manhole.

A chamfer (27) has been made in the bottom of the countersink (20) of the buffer (1) to receive the O-ring (8). A first variant of the flatness adjustment is made on the fixed base FIG. 18A or 19. In order to improve this adjustment, the fixed base (3) is now composed of two elements (3.1 and 3.2). A first element (3.1) remains integral with the macadam as before, and has a shoulder for receiving a ring (3.2). This ring (3.2) has a plane face which rests on the shoulder of the first element (3.1), and the other face forms an inclined plane, for example 2 °, to receive the mobile base (2). This crown by its mobility in the shoulder Figure 18B and Figure 18C, allows finer adjustment of flatness than previously. A second variant is to take this adjustment principle. The flatness adjustment is no longer performed on the fixed / mobile base, but on the pad 20A and / or 21. In this configuration, the fixed base and the mobile base become one piece. This configuration makes it possible to carry out the 2 height and flatness adjustments on a single element of the manhole. FIG. 20A shows the bursting into three elements of the buffer: the element (1.1) of which 3 modifications have been made: Addition of four holes with shoulder (40) to receive the fastening screw (49) of the three elements forming the gaze cover, as the buffer (1). Adding a shoulder (38) to receive the crown (1.2) and an inclined plane of 2 ° (29.3). - The element (1.2) is a ring with a 2 ° inclined plane (29.4) that comes into contact with the element (1.1) and a straight plane that comes into contact with the element (1.3). - The element (1.3) of which 2 modifications have been made: - Added four tapped holes to receive the fixing screws (49) - Added a shoulder (38) to receive the crown (1.2). In all cases the shoulder (38 and 39), are centering elements of the various elements Figure 21. Regarding Detail Figure 20B, a chamfer (41) can receive a spherical washer. This washer allows bearing during flatness adjustment, axis deviations generated between the elements (1.2 and 1.3) which are horizontal and the element (1.1) which is inclined if it must follow the curvature of the convex road.

The device according to the invention is particularly intended to optimize the integration of manholes, in order to improve the safety of two-wheeled users and improve driving comfort for other vehicles by eliminating or at least reducing the "pothole effect", but also to reduce the maintenance costs of the traffic pavement. The present application describes various technical features and advantages with reference to the figures and / or various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical features of a given embodiment may in fact be combined with features of another embodiment unless the reverse is explicitly mentioned or it is evident that these characteristics are incompatible or that the combination does not provide a solution to at least one of the technical problems mentioned in this application. In addition, the technical features described in a given embodiment can be isolated from the other features of this mode unless the opposite is explicitly mentioned. It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, but may be modified in the field defined by the scope of the appended claims, and the invention should not be limited to the details given above.

Claims (14)

REVENDICATIONS1. A look for the closure of an access duct to an underground network, through a substrate (11) under the surface of the ground, in particular under a roadway (10), said eye being intended to be installed on an nozzle block (12) forming said duct or on an old installation (16) for access to said underground network and comprises at least one base (2, 3, 32, 36) mounted on said nozzle block (12) or the old one installation (16), and on which at least one buffer (1, 1.1) is mounted by means of height adjustment (17, 71, 32, 1.3) and / or inclination (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2 , 29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4), said sight being characterized in that it comprises locking means (6, 23, 25, 42, 42.1, 42.2, 49) fixing said buffer (1, 1.1) on the base (2, 3, 36) and locking the adjustment in height and / or inclination. 2. Look according to claim 1, characterized in that the height adjustment means (17, 71, 32, 1.3) comprise a thread (17) of the buffer (1, 1.1) complementary to a thread (71) of said base (2, 3, 32, 36), so that the screwing of the threads (17, 71) makes it possible to adjust the height of the pad (1) relative to said base (2, 3, 32, 36), said means locking device (6, 23, 25, 42, 42.1, 42.2, 49) comprising at least one screw (6) adapted to be screwed into said base (2, 3, 32, 36) through the buffer (1, 1.1) to immobilize these at the desired height for the buffer (1, 1.1). 3. Look according to claim 2, characterized in that said base (2, 3, 32, 36) comprises, on its upper surface vis-à-vis the lower surface of the buffer (1, 1.1), a plurality of holes (25), angularly distributed with a determined distribution, for receiving said locking screw (6) through the buffer (1, 1.1) and to allow locking at different heights. 4. Look according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said screw (6) comprises, at least on a proximal portion, at least one thread (24) complementary to a tapping (22) in the buffer ( 1). 5. Look according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said screw (6) comprises, at least on a distal portion, a pin (23) complementary to a housing (25) in said base (2, 3, 32, 36). 6. Look according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that said tilt adjustment means (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4) comprise at least one ring ( 1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) whose height varies progressively over its revolution revolution, so as to form an inclined plane (29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4) adapted to receive said base (2, 3, 32 , 36) or said buffer (1, 1.1), said locking means (6, 23, 25, 42, 42.1, 42.2, 49) comprising at least one screw (6, 49) adapted to be screwed into said ring (1.2 , 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) and / or in said base (2, 3, 32, 36) and / or in said buffer (1, 1.1) so as to immobilize said ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) once its orientation is determined for tilt adjustment. 7. Look according to claim 6, characterized in that said base (2, 3, 32, 36), comprising the thread (71) for height adjustment, and the crown (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2), comprising the inclined plane (29, 29.1), are two parts distinct from each other, made integral with each other by fastening means. 8. Look according to claim 6, characterized in that said base (2, 3, 32, 36), comprising the thread (71) for height adjustment, and the crown (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2), comprising the inclined plane (29, 29.1), are formed by one and the same piece. 9. Look according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a second ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) whose height varies gradually along its revolution revolution so as to form an inclined plane (29, 29.1) adapted to receive said base (2, 3, 32, 36) or said buffer (1, 1.1) or the first ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2). 10. Look according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the inclination adjusting ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) is formed by a fixed base (3) anchored to the nozzle block ( 12) and receiving a movable base (2) comprising said net (71) for height adjustment. 11. Look according to claim 10, characterized in that the fixed base (3) forming the tilt adjustment ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) comprises a first ring (3.1) of constant height and a second crown (3.2) of variable height on its revolution, made integral with the first ring (3.1) by fixing means. 12. Look according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the inclination adjusting ring (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2) is formed by a movable base (2) comprising said net (71) height adjustment and fixed on a fixed base (3) anchored to the nozzle block (12). 13. Look according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that said tilt adjustment means (1.2, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 29, 29.1) comprise a substantially circular ring (1.2) whose height varies. progressively on its revolution revolution, so as to form an inclined plane (29, 29.1) adapted to receive said buffer (1.1), said ring (1.2) resting on a ring (1.3) comprising the thread (17) for height adjustment said buffer (1.1). 14. Look according to claim 13, characterized in that said pad (1.1) mounted on said tilt adjustment ring (1.2) has an inclined bottom surface allowing additional adjustment of inclination.