FR3010494A1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TREATING VICIE AIR EXTRACTED FROM A KITCHEN PRODUCING FUME AND / OR SOLID COMBUSTION RESIDUES - Google Patents

Abstract

This air treatment device (1) comprises: - an inlet box (2), hood or filtering ceiling, adapted to be arranged in a kitchen, and - an extraction duct (4) for channeling the air stale outward. - a capture chamber (10) which is downstream of the inlet box (2) and upstream of the extraction duct (4), and which has an inlet connected to the inlet box (2) and an outlet connected to the extraction duct (4), and - injection means (16) of a foaming product in the capture chamber (10) to produce a foam that traps the fumes and / or the solid residues of combustion.

Description

The present invention relates to a stale air treatment device extracted from a kitchen producing fumes and / or solid residues combustion. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an air treatment method using such an air treatment device.

In the present application, the term "solid combustion residues" includes, but is not limited to, ash, ashes, braisettes, twigs, ash residues and other solid particles present in the smoke resulting from the combustion of any material based on wood or cellulose and / or cooking any food.

In particular, cooking with charcoal or wood fires produces solid residues of combustion. The present invention applies to the field of stale air treatment installations extracted from a kitchen located in a professional premises, such as a restaurant, or in a domestic room, such as a dwelling. In addition, the air treatment device object of the present invention can be applied to air treatment facilities equipping other types of places, for example a cooking workshop in a food processing plant. In a kitchen, stale air containing fumes resulting from combustion and / or cooking is particularly charged with fumes including solid residues of combustion. Prior art is known, for example from US4066064A, a stale air treatment device extracted from a kitchen, which comprises an inlet box (hood) and an extraction duct. The exhaust duct of US4066064A channels the stale air to the outside of the building. The entrance box is placed in the kitchen and is equipped with filters to filter the stale air. However, the filters of such a stale air treatment device of the prior art are not sufficient to trap all fumes and / or solid residues of combustion. Thus fumes and / or solid residues of combustion sometimes circulate in the extraction sheath of US4066064A.

However, fumes and / or solid residues of combustion have many disadvantages, in particular: - Smokes and / or solid residues of combustion may inconvenience the neighborhood, because they are generally rejected near living areas such as dwellings or a street. - Solid residues of combustion are dangerous because they can cause a fire when they are incandescent or simply hot. Fumes and / or solid combustion residues may soil and pollute the neighborhood. - The solid combustion residues may clog the extraction ducts. The fumes and / or the solid combustion residues may mix with cooking fat, which forms a combustible layer, which is particularly dangerous because it is often difficult to access the interior of the building. an extraction sheath to extinguish a fire. To overcome these drawbacks, stale air treatment devices projecting a curtain of water are known from the prior art so as to stop fumes and / or solid residues of combustion. However, such water curtains pass fumes and / or relatively large combustion solid residues. In addition, such curtains of water consume and pollute a huge volume of water. The present invention aims in particular to solve, totally or partially, the problems mentioned above. To this end, the subject of the invention is an air treatment device, for treating stale air extracted from a kitchen producing fumes and / or solid combustion residues, for example ashwoods, ashes. , braisettes or twigs, the air treatment device comprising at least: - an input box, for example a hood or a filter ceiling, the input box being adapted to be arranged in the kitchen, the the inlet box being preferably equipped with filters, and an extraction duct adapted to channel stale air towards the outside of the building, the air-handling device being characterized in that it further comprises a capture chamber arranged downstream of the inlet box and upstream of the extraction duct, the capture box having at least one inlet opening connected to the inlet box and at least one outlet opening connected to the extraction duct, and - injection means arranged to inject into the collection chamber at least one foaming product adapted to produce a foam, so that the foam present in the capture chamber traps smoke and / or solid residues combustion. In the present application, the term "foaming product" designates any fluid product capable of producing foam alone or in combination with at least one other foaming product. Foam is usually produced under specified conditions of temperature, pressure, turbulence etc. The foam can be produced directly in the capture chamber by the foaming agent injected in fluid form into the capture chamber. Alternatively, the foam may be produced by the foaming product upstream of the capture chamber and then injected into the capture chamber. In the present application, the verbs "connect", "connect", "feed" and their derivatives relate to the communication fluid of at least two volumes distant from each other, to allow a flow of fluid between these two volumes apart. This fluid flow can be via any one or more component (s), that is, directly or indirectly. In the present application, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the general direction of the flow of stale air in the air treatment device: from an upstream end defined by the input box up to a downstream end defined by the outside at the outlet of the extraction duct. Thus, such an air treatment device makes it possible to trap the majority or even all of the fumes and / or solid combustion residues introduced by the stale air into the capture chamber, which minimizes or even avoids the danger of fire and pollution outside the building. According to one embodiment of the invention, the capture box is attached to the input box. Thus, such an arrangement makes the air handling device compact and reduces the pressure drops in the air handler.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the air treatment device further comprises an intermediate sheath connecting the capture box to the input box, the intermediate sheath preferably having a length less than 1 m.

The length of the intermediate sheath is measured along the main direction of the exhaust air flow flowing in the intermediate sheath. Thus, such an intermediate sheath provides independent access, and therefore more easily, the capture box and the input box, which facilitates including maintenance or disassembly of one of them.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the air treatment device further comprises at least one foaming product reservoir, the injection means being connected to said at least one foaming agent reservoir. Thus, such a foaming product tank makes it possible to efficiently produce foam in the capture chamber. According to one embodiment of the invention, the air treatment device further comprises a rinsing liquid reservoir, the injection means being connected to the rinsing liquid reservoir. Thus, such a tank of rinsing liquid allows periodic rinsing of the collection chamber, which reduces its soiling and increases its service life. In this variant, the injection means are arranged to project cleaning products, for example water, on all the walls forming the capture chamber. The rinsing liquid can thus be for example water. According to one embodiment of the invention, the air treatment device further comprises at least one evacuation pipe connected to the capture chamber, the evacuation duct being arranged for channeling out of the treatment device. said at least one foaming product in the fluid state and fumes and / or trapped combustion residues. Thus, such a discharge pipe makes it possible to drain the capture box by evacuating the foam that it contains. According to one embodiment of the invention, said at least one outlet opening comprises a filter medium, for example a grid, adapted to stop the foam in the direction of the extraction duct.

Thus, such a filtering medium limits or prevents foam from migrating into the extraction duct while retaining the exhaust air extraction rate in the air treatment device. According to one embodiment of the invention, the air treatment device further comprises at least: a combustion detector adapted to emit a combustion signal when the combustion takes place in the kitchen, and a control unit connected to the combustion sensor and adapted to activate the injection means so as to inject said at least one foaming product into the capture chamber only after receiving a combustion signal. Thus, such a combustion sensor and such a control unit enable the injection means to be activated only at the appropriate moment, that is to say when it is necessary for the foam to trap the fumes and / or solid residues of combustion. According to one embodiment of the invention, the combustion detector comprises a smoke detector disposed on the path of the exhaust air, for example in the input box. Thus, such a smoke detector fulfills the function of a combustion sensor reliably and quickly. According to a variant of this embodiment, the smoke detector comprises a light emitter and a light receiver which are placed in the input box so as to emit and receive a light beam. When stale air passes between the light transmitter and the light receiver, the light receiver receives a weakened light beam, which signals the passage of stale air. Thus, such a light transmitter and such a light receiver form an efficient and economical smoke detector. Alternatively to this embodiment, the combustion sensor may be a temperature sensor disposed near the combustion apparatus in the kitchen. Thus, such a temperature sensor can form a simple and economical combustion detector. According to an alternative variant to the preceding variant, the injection means may be slaved to the operation of a sucked air suction pump. Thus, as soon as the suction pump is started, the injection means inject foaming product into the capture chamber. In practice, when the combustion has triggered the sending of the combustion signal, the injection means are activated so that the foaming product fills the capture box completely or substantially, and then the injection means are deactivated. To control the deactivation of the injection means, the air treatment device may comprise a level detector of the foam present in the capture chamber. In this case, the control unit operates in a closed loop with the signals emitted by the level detector. Thus, such a level detector can activate the injection means as soon as the foam level in the capture chamber becomes insufficient to trap fumes and / or solid residues combustion. Alternatively, the injection means can be deactivated after injection of a quantity of foaming agent determined so as to completely or substantially fill the capture chamber. In this case, the control unit operates in an open loop by injecting foaming product at predetermined intervals. According to one embodiment of the invention, the capture box has generally the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Thus, such a parallelepipedal and rectangular capture box has a simple and economical form to manufacture. According to a variant of the invention, the smallest flow section of the capture box is greater than the flow section of the extraction sheath. Thus, the capture box generates little pressure losses. Preferably, the ratio between the smallest flow section of the capture box (numerator) and the flow section of the extraction duct (denominator) is greater than two. Thus, the capture chamber generates the least possible pressure drop. According to a variant of the invention, the injection means comprise several injection pipes, for example three, which are adapted for channeling separate foaming products. Thus, such injection lines make it possible to mix several foaming products, which can fulfill specific cleaning or degreasing functions and / or which can produce a large amount of foam together.

According to a variant of this embodiment of the invention, the air treatment device comprises a mixer connected to each injection line and opening into the capture chamber. Thus, such a mixer makes it possible to produce a homogeneous foam.

Furthermore, the subject of the present invention is an air treatment method, for treating stale air extracted from a kitchen producing fumes and / or solid residues of combustion, for example, escarbils, ashes, braisettes or twigs, the air treatment process comprising at least the steps: - implement an air treatment device according to the invention, - channel the stale air to the outside of the building by means of the extraction duct, and - during the passage of stale air in the inlet box, activate the injection means so as to inject said at least one foaming product in the capture chamber. Thus, such an air treatment method makes it possible to trap most or all of the fumes and / or solid combustion residues introduced by the stale air into the capture chamber, which minimizes or even avoids the danger of fire and pollution outside the building. According to a variant of the invention, the activation step of the injection means is carried out until the foam present in the capture chamber completely fills the volume of the capture chamber. Thus, such a step of activating the injection means makes it possible to trap as much smoke and / or solid combustion residues introduced as possible by the stale air in the capture chamber. According to one embodiment of the invention, the injection means are activated according to characteristic parameters of the stale air, these characteristic parameters including the concentration of the stale air in fumes and / or in solid combustion residues. , the dimensions of the solid combustion residues, the temperature of the stale air, etc. Thus, such characteristic parameters make it possible to precisely adapt the foam produced to the specific combustion conditions. For example, the density of the foam can be adapted to the kitchen to be treated.

The embodiments and variants mentioned above may be taken individually or in any technically permissible combination. The present invention will be well understood and its advantages will also become apparent in the light of the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation; in perspective of an air treatment device according to the invention; - Figure 2 corresponds to a planar projection along the arrow II in Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a logic diagram schematically illustrating an air treatment method according to the invention. Figure 1 illustrates an air treatment device 1, for treating stale air extracted from a kitchen not shown, in which the combustion of wood-based material or cellulose and / or cooking food produces fumes and solid residues of combustion. In FIGS. 1 and 2, arrows embody the flue gas and solid 20 combustion residue flows in the air handler 1. The air handler 1 comprises an inlet well 2 and a canister. extraction 4. In the example of the figures, the input box 2 is sometimes referred to as sometimes called capturing chamber or "hood sensor". The inlet box 2 is adapted to be arranged in the kitchen. The input box 2 is equipped with filters 6, which are here formed by reversible grids or lattices. The extraction duct 4 is adapted to channel the exhaust air to the outside E of a building not shown. In the example of the figures, the extraction sleeve 4 has a cylindrical shape with a circular base and forms an elbow directed upwards. The flow section, so here the diameter, of the extraction duct 4 is selected according to the flow of stale air to extract from the kitchen. The air treatment device 1 further comprises a capture box 35 which is arranged downstream of the inlet box 2 and upstream of the extraction duct 4. In the example of the figures, the capture box 10 has the overall shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. The capture box 10 has an inlet opening 12 which is connected to the inlet box 2 and an outlet opening 14 which is connected to the extraction duct 4. In the example of the figures, the opening of inlet 12 and outlet opening 14 have circular shapes. The outlet opening 14 comprises a filter medium, here formed by a grid 14.1, which is adapted to stop the foam in the direction of the extraction duct 4. To minimize the pressure drops induced by the capture chamber 10, the The smallest flow section of the capture box 10 is greater than the flow section of the extraction duct 4. In this case, the ratio between the smallest flow section of the capture chamber 10 (numerator) and the debiting section of the Exhaust duct 4 (denominator) is greater than two.

In addition, the air treatment device 1 comprises injection means 16 which are arranged to inject into the capture chamber 2 a foaming product suitable for producing a foam. The injection means 16 may comprise one or more not shown injection nozzle (s).

When foam is present in the capture chamber 2, this foam traps fumes and / or solid residues combustion. In other words, this foam prevents fumes and / or solid residues of combustion from entering the extraction duct 4. In fact, the foam present in the capture chamber 2 slows down and then stops the fumes and / or the solid residues of combustion brought there by the flow of stale air. The air treatment device 1 furthermore comprises, in addition, an intermediate sheath 18 which connects the capture box 10 to the inlet box 2. The intermediate sheath 18 here has a length of approximately 0.5 m.

In addition, the air treatment device 1 comprises a foaming agent tank 20. The injection means 16 are connected to the foaming agent tank 20 via a foaming product line 22. The means for injection 16 may comprise a not shown valve to open or close the foaming product line 22.

The foaming product may for example consist of water, surfactants and so on. The air treatment device 1 further comprises a discharge pipe 24 which is connected to the collection chamber 10. The discharge pipe 24 is arranged to channel the foaming product 1 out of the air treatment device 1. fluid state and fumes and / or trapped combustion residues. Indeed, the foaming product passes to the fluid state as the air or the gas forming the foam escapes. The foaming product in the fluid state can then flow into the discharge pipe 24, carrying with it fumes and / or trapped combustion residues. Preferably, the discharge pipe 24 is inclined downwards, so that the force of gravity contributes to the flow of the foaming product in the discharge pipe 24. The discharge pipe 24 can lead into a drain tank to collect the used foaming product. The air treatment device 1 also comprises a combustion detector 26 and a control unit 28. The combustion detector 26 is adapted to emit a combustion signal when the combustion takes place in the kitchen. The control unit 28 is connected to the combustion sensor 26. The control unit 28 is adapted to activate the injection means 16 so as to inject the foaming product into the capture chamber 10 only after receiving a signal of combustion emitted by the combustion sensor 26.

In the example of the figures, the combustion detector 26 comprises a smoke detector which is arranged on the path of the exhaust air, here in the input box 2, and which comprises a light transmitter 26.1 and a light receiver 26.2. . The light transmitter 26.1 and the light receiver 26.2 are placed in the input box 2 so as to emit and receive a light beam 26.3. In use, an air treatment method according to the invention, for treating stale air extracted from a kitchen producing fumes and / or solid residues of combustion, comprises in particular the steps: 50. implement the air treatment device 1, 52. channel the stale air towards the outside E of the building by means of the extraction duct 4, and 4. during the passage of stale air into the inlet box 2 activate the injection means 16 so as to inject the foaming product into the capture chamber 10. For step 54, when the exhaust air passes between the light transmitter 26.1 and the light receiver 26.2, the receiver light 26.2 receives a light beam 26.3 weakened, which signals the passage of stale air. After receiving a combustion signal emitted by the combustion detector 26, the control unit 28 activates the injection means 16 so as to inject the foaming product into the capture chamber 10. For this purpose, the unit The control 28 may control the opening of the foaming product line 22 through the valve, which may be equipped with an electric actuator. When the combustion has triggered the sending of the combustion signal, the injection means 16 are activated so that the foaming product completely fills the collection chamber 10. Then the injection means 16 are deactivated, ie after a period of time. predetermined activation, ie when a level sensor of the foam present in the capture chamber 10 emits a signal indicating the total filling of the capture chamber 10.

The activation step 54 of the injection means 16 is here carried out until the foam present in the capture chamber 10 completely fills the volume of the capture chamber 10. The injection means 16 can be activated depending on parameters characteristic of the stale air, in particular as a function of the concentration of the exhausted air in fumes and / or solid combustion residues, the dimensions of the solid combustion residues, the temperature of the stale air etc. Thus, such an air treatment method makes it possible to trap most or all of the fumes and / or solid combustion residues introduced by the stale air into the capture chamber 10, which minimizes or even avoids the danger of fire and pollution outside the building. Of course, the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described in the present application and other embodiments within the reach of the skilled person could also have been envisaged without departing from the the scope of the invention defined by the claims below.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. An air treatment device (1) for treating stale air extracted from a kitchen producing fumes and / or solid residues of combustion, for example, escarbils, ashes, braisettes or twigs, the air treatment device (1) comprising at least: - an inlet box (2), for example a hood or a filter ceiling, the inlet box (2) being adapted to be arranged in the kitchen, the the inlet box (2) being preferably equipped with filters (6), and - an extraction duct (4) adapted to channel the stale air towards the outside (E) of the building, the treatment device air (1) being characterized in that it further comprises: - a capture box (10) arranged downstream of the inlet box (2) and upstream of the extraction tube (4), the capture box (10) having at least one inlet opening (12) connected to the inlet box (2) and at least one outlet opening (14) connected to the cheek chamber extraction means (4), and 20 - injection means (16) arranged for injecting into the capture box (10) at least one foaming product adapted to produce a foam, so that the foam present in the box capture (10) trap fumes and / or solid residues of combustion. 25 2. Air treatment device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the capture chamber (10) is attached to the input box (2). 3. An air treatment device (1) according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate sheath (18) connecting the capture box (10) to the inlet box (2), the intermediate sheath (18) having preferably a length less than 1 m. An air treatment device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one foaming product reservoir (20), the injection means (16) being connected to said at least one reservoir of foaming product (20). An air treatment device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a rinsing liquid reservoir, the injection means being connected to the rinsing liquid reservoir. 6. An air treatment device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one evacuation pipe (24) connected to the capture chamber (10), the evacuation pipe (24) ) being arranged to channel out of the air treatment device (1) said at least one foaming product in the fluid state and fumes and / or trapped combustion residues. 15 Air treatment device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one outlet opening (14) comprises a filter media, for example a grid (14.1), adapted to stop the foam towards the extraction duct (4). 20 8. Air treatment device (1) according to any preceding claim, further comprising at least: - a combustion sensor (26) adapted to emit a combustion signal when combustion occurs in the kitchen, and A control unit (28) connected to the combustion detector (26) and adapted to activate the injection means (16) so as to inject said at least one foaming product into the collection chamber (10) only after reception a combustion signal. 30 An air handling device (1) according to claim 8, wherein the combustion sensor (26) comprises a smoke detector disposed on the path of the exhaust air, for example in the inlet box (2). ). 10. Air treatment device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the capture chamber (10) has the overall shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. 11. A process for treating air, for treating stale air extracted from a kitchen producing fumes and / or solid combustion residues, for example, escarbils, ashes, braisettes or twigs, the method of air treatment comprising at least the steps of: - implementing an air treatment device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - channeling the stale air towards the outside (E) of the building by means of of the extraction duct (4), and - during the passage of stale air in the inlet box (2), activate the injection means (16) so as to inject the at least one foaming product into the capture chamber (10). 12. Air treatment method according to any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the injection means (16) are activated according to characteristic parameters of the stale air, these characteristic parameters including the concentration of the air. stale air in fumes and / or solid combustion residues, dimensions of solid combustion residues, temperature of the exhaust air, etc.