FR3050805A1 - FACILITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SMOKE AND THE TREATMENT OF SUCH FUMES TO EXTRACT AT LEAST SOME POLLUTANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plant for the production and treatment of fumes for extracting at least certain pollutants, which installation comprises a fume generator (2), at least one fume treatment module (3) and a transfer system ( 4) between the two. According to the invention, said smoke treatment module (3) comprises a treatment chamber (31) equipped with: a liquid volume (321) and a treatment chamber (322), which comprises at least one treatment tubing (35) provided with an outlet opening (34). First misting nozzles (36) are adapted to mist fluid in said treatment chamber (322), and second misting nozzles (37) are adapted to mist fluid in said treatment tubing (35).

Description

Technical field to which the invention relates

The present invention relates to the general field of smoke treatment.

It relates more particularly to a plant for producing smoke and treating these fumes to extract at least some pollutants, which installation comprises a smoke generator, at least one flue gas treatment module and a system for transferring said fumes produced by said smoke generator in said smoke treatment module.

Technological background

Smoke produced by smoke generators such as boilers, incinerators or others are often directly released into the atmosphere, which is harmful to the environment because of pollutants and / or toxic they may contain

Smoke treatment plants are known that make it possible to limit these problems.

For example, the documents FR-2 961 291 and FR-3 002 024 describe installations of this type whose purpose is to treat the fumes produced by a fume generator, in particular a boiler, in order to limit the discharges of pollutant into the environment. the atmosphere.

But the installations known to date have limited effectiveness.

Object of the invention

The present invention therefore aims to improve the efficiency of the treatment of fumes produced by a smoke generator.

For this, the flue gas production and flue gas treatment plant according to the invention comprises a smoke generator, at least one flue gas treatment module and a flue gas transfer system between the two; and this installation is characterized in that said smoke treatment module comprises a treatment chamber provided with a peripheral wall which delimits a treatment volume, which treatment volume comprises: a volume of liquid in its lower part, provided with an upper surface, and - a treatment chamber, in its upper part, which treatment chamber extends at least partly above said upper surface of said volume of liquid, which processing chamber comprises: - an opening of inlet, formed in said peripheral wall, connected to said flue gas transfer system, adapted for introduction of untreated fumes from said flue gas generator, into said treatment chamber, and - an outlet opening formed in said wall peripheral, adapted for the outlet of treated fumes, out of said treatment chamber, which milking chamber comprises at least one treatment pipe provided with an inlet and an outlet orifice, between which a plurality of vertical or substantially vertical pipe sections connected by high sections and low sections, which inlet port of the treatment tubing opens into said treatment chamber and which outlet port of the treatment tubing is connected to said outlet opening, said lower sections of said treatment tubing having a trap door. adapted evacuation for the flow of liquids from the inside of said tubulure towards the outside of said tubing, which treatment chamber further comprises: first liquid misting nozzles, adapted for misting a liquid in said treatment chamber; outside said treatment tubing, and - second liquid misting nozzles, provided in a at least some of the upper sections of said treatment tubing adapted to mist fluid in at least one of said vertical or substantially vertical sections of said treatment tubing.

In this way, the pollutants are trapped by the misted liquid, in the treatment volume and in the treatment tubing, then harvested in the liquid volume, or on the surface thereof, before being recovered by any means. appropriate, for destruction or treatment. The installation therefore comprises means for recovering the pollutants collected in said liquid volume or on the surface thereof and these means advantageously consist of filtration and / or suction means.

The liquid of the liquid volume of the treatment chamber, and the liquid misted by the misting nozzles, is preferably water.

According to a preferred embodiment, the hatch for evacuating the low sections of the treatment tubing consists of an opening made at the bottom in said tubing, which opening is provided with a disengaging structure arranged at a distance and adapted to promote the flow of fumes in said treatment tubing.

In a particular embodiment, the installation comprises an incinerator-shaped smoke generator equipped with a hearth, and said treated fumes outlet opening is connected to a chimney-shaped discharge head, by the intermediate of a discharge pipe, a section of said discharge pipe extending under said focus of said smoke generator and being adapted to ensure at least a partial recycling of said treated fumes in said home.

According to yet another particularity, at least some of said misting nozzles are fed by the liquid of said liquid volume of the treatment chamber by means of a recycling circuit equipped with a pumping system.

In this case, preferably, the recycling circuit comprises means for cooling the recycled liquid.

This recycling circuit also advantageously comprises means for filtering this liquid.

According to another characteristic, the treatment chamber comprises cooling means adapted to cool the fumes during treatment.

Preferably, the treatment chamber comprises a decompression valve adapted to create an opening in its peripheral wall, in the case where the internal pressure exceeds a threshold value. On the other hand, the smoke transfer system advantageously comprises ventilation means adapted to propel the fumes produced by the smoke generator inside the treatment chamber.

Detailed description of an example embodiment

The following description with reference to the accompanying drawing, given by way of non-limiting example, will make it clear what the invention is and how it can be achieved.

The attached drawing (single figure) schematically illustrates a plant 1 according to the invention, comprising a smoke generator 2, in the form of an incinerator or furnace, producing fumes F, and associated with a module 3 for treating these fumes. F. fumes

A transfer system 4 transfers the flue gases F produced by the flue gas generator 2 into the flue gas treatment module 3.

The smoke generator 2 is here in the form of a conventional incinerator, provided with a fireplace 5 closed by a door 6.

This incinerator is intended for the destruction of all types of waste.

The focus 5 of the smoke generator 2 has an upper opening 7 for the release of fumes F.

The flue gas transfer system 4 consists of a cowling 41 which channels the flue gases F from the upper opening 7 to the flue gas treatment module 3.

This flue gas transfer system 4 comprises ventilation means 8 adapted to propel the fumes F produced by the flue gas generator 2 inside the treatment module 3.

The flue gas treatment module 3 comprises a treatment chamber 31 provided with a peripheral wall 311 composed of a bottom wall 3111 and an upper wall 3112 connected by side walls 3113.

Its general shape can be parallelepipedal, cylindrical or other.

The peripheral wall 311 of the treatment chamber 31 delimits a treatment volume 32 which comprises: a liquid volume 321 in its lower part, provided with an upper surface 3211, and a treatment chamber 322, in its part upper, which extends above said upper surface 3211 of said liquid volume 321.

The liquid used is advantageously water.

The volume of liquid 321 is partitioned by the bottom wall 3111 and the bottom portions of the side walls 3113 of the treatment chamber 31.

This treatment chamber 31 comprises an inlet opening 33, which is formed in the peripheral wall 311, connected to the transfer system 4, and which is adapted for introducing the untreated fumes F, from the smoke generator 2, in the treatment chamber 322. The inlet opening 33 is here formed in the upper part of the treatment chamber 31 and more particularly in the upper part of the side walls 3113. The treatment chamber 31 also comprises an opening outlet 34 formed in the peripheral wall 311, adapted for the outlet of treated fumes out of the treatment chamber 322. This outlet opening 34 is in particular here provided just above the upper surface 3211 of the liquid volume 321. L outlet opening 34 is here formed in the part of the side walls 3113 which delimits the treatment chamber 322. On the other hand this treatment room No. 322 comprises at least one treatment tubing 35, provided with an inlet orifice 351 and an outlet orifice 352, between which a plurality of vertical or substantially vertical tubular section sections 353 connected by high sections extend. 354 and low sections 355.

In this case, in the illustrated embodiment, the treatment chamber 322 comprises a single treatment tubing 35; and this treatment tubing 35 is provided on the side of the treatment chamber 322 along one of the side walls 3113.

In an alternative embodiment, one or more treatment tubings 35 may be provided along the two side walls 3113, to leave free a central space of the treatment chamber 322, for maintenance and / or cleaning operations.

This treatment tubing 35 consists of a pipe made of metal or plastic with a circular section. The diameter of this treatment tubing is adapted according to the volume of the fumes to be treated, and according to the dimensions of the smoke generator. For example, this diameter may be between 100 mm and 300 mm or more. The inlet 351 of the treatment tubing 35 opens into the interior of the treatment chamber 322.

In the embodiment shown, it is noted that this inlet port 351 is located slightly above the upper surface 3211 of the liquid volume 321, and oriented towards the latter.

For its part, the outlet orifice 352 of the treatment tubing 35 is connected to the outlet opening 34 of the treatment chamber 31.

Between the high sections 354 and the low sections 355, the treatment tubing 35 here comprises sections 353 which are vertical.

This treatment tubing 35 comprises at least two vertical sections 353, the number of these sections 353 being adapted to the size of the treatment chamber 31.

The low sections 355 of the treatment tubing 35 include an evacuation hatch 356 which is adapted to allow the flow of liquids from within said tubing 35 out of said tubing 35 (i.e. say that these liquids can flow into the processing chamber 322 and fall into the liquid volume 321).

This escape hatch 356 of the low sections of the treatment pipe 35 consists of an opening 357 made at the bottom in said pipe, which opening is provided with a shroud structure 358 adapted to promote the circulation of the fumes in said pipe. treatment 35.

This cowling structure 358 is provided at a distance from the opening 357 to allow the passage of liquids; and it is here formed in a slight upward slope, from upstream to downstream according to the movement of the fumes F, to minimize the disturbances of displacement of the latter.

The cowling structure 358 may be integral with the treatment tubing 35 by means of a horizontal articulation. On the other hand, an access hatch 359 (shown schematically) may also be provided at one, some, or all of the low 355 and / or 354 high sections of the treatment tubing 35, particularly for cleaning operations.

This or these access hatches 359 may be independent of or be provided on the escape hatches 356.

In an alternative embodiment, the treatment chamber 322 may comprise a plurality of treatment tubes 35 (for example arranged parallel to one another). The treatment chamber 31 (and more particularly the treatment chamber 322) also comprises different sets of liquid misting nozzles, preferably water misting nozzles, adapted to form a mist allowing the capture of the pollutant particles from the water. F fumes being processed. The treatment chamber 31 thus comprises: first liquid misting nozzles 36, adapted to mist a liquid in said treatment chamber 322, outside said treatment tubing 35, and second misting nozzles, liquid 37, formed in at least some of the high sections 354 of said treatment tubing 35 (and preferably in all the upper sections 354), adapted to mist fluid in at least said vertical sections 353 of said treatment tubing 35 ( and preferably in all vertical sections 353).

A misting nozzle 37 may be provided at each top portion 354 for misting liquid in the two vertically or substantially vertical portions 353 underlying directly accessible.

The first liquid misting nozzles 36 are fed, from a liquid source, by a pipe or a pipe network 361 coming from outside the treatment chamber 31.

Preferably, these first misting nozzles 36 are fed by the liquid from the volume of liquid 321 of the treatment chamber 31 by means of a recycling circuit 362 (integrating the duct or ducts 361), equipped with a control system. pumping 363.

These first misting nozzles 36 are arranged in the upper part of the treatment chamber 322, arranged on one or more support ramps, so as to ensure optimum misting of the liquid (water in particular) in the entire volume of said chamber of treatment 322.

The second liquid misting nozzles 37 are fed, from a liquid source, by a pipe or a network of pipes 371 coming from outside the treatment enclosure 31.

Preferably, these second misting nozzles 37 are fed by the liquid of the liquid volume 321 of the treatment chamber 31 by means of a recycling circuit 372 (integrating the duct or ducts 371), equipped with a control system. pumping 373.

Optionally only one recycling circuit, with a single pumping system, is used to feed the first and second misting nozzles 36,37.

Preferably, the recycling circuit (s) 362, 372 comprise means 374 for cooling the recycled liquid, so as to create a cold atmosphere favoring the descent of the fumes.

Before being recycled, the liquid which supplies the misting nozzles may undergo any necessary or advantageous operation, for example a filtration operation, or the like. The recycling circuit will then comprise any appropriate means or device, in particular liquid filtration means.

The liquid misting nozzles 36 and 37 used are selected from those commercially available, depending on the type of waste treated and the result that is desired.

As can be seen in the accompanying drawing, the treatment chamber 322 comprises cooling means 38, adapted to cool the fumes during treatment, again, to create a cold atmosphere favoring the descent of fumes.

These cooling means 38 may consist of a cold fluid circuit, for example water from a nearby source (water table, river, lake ...). As a safety means, the treatment chamber 31 comprises a decompression valve 39 adapted to create an opening in the peripheral wall 311 in the case where the internal pressure exceeds a certain threshold.

This pressure relief valve may for example be in the form of an orifice formed in the peripheral wall 311, and in particular in one of the side walls 3113, above the volume of liquid, associated with a fixed sealing plate by screws or bolts equipped with calibrated springs.

In the accompanying drawing, it will be noted that the outlet opening 34 of the treatment chamber 31, at the end of which the outlet orifice 352 of the treatment tubing 35 is terminated, is connected, externally to the treatment module 3, to a chimney-shaped evacuation head 50, via an evacuation pipe 51. One of the sections 511 of this evacuation pipe 51 extends under the furnace 5 of the smoke generator 2, and this pipe section 511 is adapted to recycle at least a portion of the fumes in the fireplace 5 so as to allow the elimination of at least a portion of a possible residual pollution.

This recycling is achieved by means of hatches whose opening can be controlled manually or automatically.

Note that such recycling is not necessary in the case where the confinement of flue gas treatment (ie the size of the treatment chamber) is sufficient compared to the amount of waste burned.

The pollutants collected by the misty liquid are collected by the liquid volume 321 of the treatment chamber 31, and these pollutants are recovered, within this treatment volume 321 or at its surface by any suitable means 3212 .

These means for recovering pollutants 3212 may consist of filtration means and / or suction means.

They may be provided inside the treatment chamber 31, or outside (after transferring the polluted liquid outside the chamber 31).

For example, a suitable machine can be introduced by a door into the treatment chamber 31, and move in an available space, on the side of the treatment tubing or pipes, to suck the pollutant waste on the surface of the volume of liquid 321.

The operation of the installation 1 for production and flue gas treatment is as follows.

Waste to be destroyed, of any type, is introduced into the furnace 5 of the incinerator / furnace 2. Their destruction by fire produces fumes F which are captured by the transfer system 4 and propelled into the treatment chamber 322. the treatment chamber 31 by the ventilation system 8 (see the directional arrow 52).

The fumes F introduced under pressure into the treatment chamber 322 are subjected to the action of misted water from the first misting nozzles 36 to harvest some of the pollutants they contain in the liquid volume 321. On the other hand, under the effect of pressure, the fumes enter the treatment tubing 35 through its inlet port 351; and they pass through the different vertical ascending / descending sections of this pipe 35 passing through its various high sections 354 and 355 (see the directional arrow 53). Inside this treatment tubing 35, the fumes are subjected to the action of the misty water coming from the second misting nozzles 37, making it possible to harvest a portion of the pollutants they contain, which pass with the misting water through the escape hatches 356 and flowing in the liquid volume 321.

In the treatment tubing 35, the fumes undergoing treatment (which gradually get rid of their pollutants pass over the evacuation hatches 356 to reach the outlet orifice 352, at which they are expelled out of the module. treatment 3.

Rejected into the atmosphere by the exhaust stack 40, these fumes, little visible, are then devoid or almost free of pollutants.

Any form of treatment chamber 3 may be considered: square, round, cylindrical or other.

This treatment chamber, possibly with the associated smoke generator, can be provided above the ground, or buried.

Any type of smoke generator can be considered: for example incinerator, oven, heat engine ... etc.

Claims (10)

1. Installation for producing smoke and treating these fumes to extract at least some pollutants, which installation (1) comprises a smoke generator (2), at least one flue gas treatment module (3) and a system transferring (4) said flue gases produced by said flue gas generator (2) into said flue gas treatment module (3), characterized in that said flue gas treatment module (3) comprises a treatment chamber (31) provided with a peripheral wall (311) which delimits a treatment volume (32), which treatment volume (32) comprises: - a volume of liquid (321) in its lower part, provided with an upper surface (3211), and a treatment chamber (322), in its upper part, which treatment chamber (322) extends at least partly above said upper surface (3211) of said liquid volume (321), which treatment chamber ( 31) comprises: - an opening of inlet (33), formed in said peripheral wall (311), connected to said flue gas transfer system (4), adapted for introduction of untreated fumes from said flue gas generator (2) into said treatment chamber (322), and - an outlet opening (34) formed in said peripheral wall (311), adapted for the outlet of treated fumes, out of said treatment chamber (322), which treatment chamber (322) comprises at at least one treatment tubing (35) having an inlet port (351) and an outlet port (352), between which a plurality of vertical or substantially vertical tubular sections (353) connected by high sections (354) and low sections (355), which inlet (351) of the treatment tubing (35) opens into said treatment chamber (322) and which outlet port (352) of the treatment tubing (35) is connected to said outlet opening (34), said low sections (355) of said treatment tubing (35) having an evacuation hatch (356) adapted for the flow of liquids from within said tubing (35) to the outside said tubing (35), which processing chamber (31) further comprises: - first liquid misting nozzles (36), adapted to fog a liquid in said treatment chamber (322), outside of said treatment tubing (35), and - second liquid misting nozzles (37) formed in at least some of the upper sections (354) of said treatment tubing (35) adapted to mist fluid in at least some said vertical or substantially vertical sections (353) of said treatment tubing (35). 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means (3212) for recovering pollutants collected in said liquid volume (321) or on the surface thereof. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that said means (3212) of pollutant recovery consist of filtering means and / or suction. 4. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said trap door (356) of the low sections of the treatment tubing (35) consists of an opening (357) made in the lower part in said tubing (35), which opening (357) is provided with a cowling structure (358) arranged at a distance and adapted to promote the flow of fumes in said treatment tubing (35). 5. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a smoke generator (2) in the form of an incinerator equipped with a fireplace (5), and in that said opening (34) ) outlet of the treated fumes is connected to a chimney-shaped evacuation head (50), via a discharge pipe (51), a section (511) of said evacuation pipe (51). ) extending under said hearth (5) of said smoke generator (2) and being adapted to ensure at least a partial recycling of said treated fumes in said hearth (5). 6. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least some of said misting nozzles (36, 37) are fed by the liquid of said liquid volume (321) of the treatment chamber (31). ) by means of a recycling circuit (362, 372) equipped with a pumping system (363, 733). 7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that said recycling circuit (362, 372) comprises means (374) for cooling the recycled liquid. 8. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said treatment chamber (31) comprises cooling means (38) adapted to cool fumes during treatment. 9. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said treatment chamber (322) comprises a decompression valve (39) adapted to create an opening in its peripheral wall (311), in the case where the internal pressure exceeds a threshold value. 10. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said smoke transfer system (4) comprises ventilation means (8) adapted to propel the fumes produced by the smoke generator (2) to inside the treatment chamber (3).