FR3010004A1 - JOINING DEVICE OF AN OPENING OF A MOTOR VEHICLE AND ASSOCIATED MOTOR VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The hinge device (10) according to the invention for an opening (101) of a motor vehicle according to the invention, adapted to pass from a first closed position, in which the opening (101) closes the access to the interior of the vehicle, to a second open position, in which the opening (101) is positioned substantially on the top of the motor vehicle, is characterized in that it comprises: - a first hinge (11 ) articulated about a first axis of rotation (X1) and fixed substantially above the windshield of the vehicle, - a second hinge (12) hinged about said first axis of rotation (X1) and fixed substantially below the windshield of the vehicle, and - a mechanism (13) for guiding the opening in rotation around a second axis of rotation (X2), coupled to said second hinge (12), so as to obtain a combination of an opening and opening movement of the leaf (101) substantially above the windshield of the vehicle.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the opening joints of a motor vehicle, offering an unconventional opening principle, it is that is to say with the opening coming to be positioned substantially above the vehicle in the open position. The invention more particularly relates to a hinge device for an opening of a motor vehicle capable of passing from a first closed position, in which the opening closes the access to the interior of the vehicle, to a second opening position, wherein the opening is positioned substantially on the top of the motor vehicle. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle having at least one opening, in particular, but without limitation, a motor vehicle of urban type, for example of the electric drive type. State of the art Motor vehicles with side or opening doors are already known, one of whose front or rear side edges is hinged to the corresponding edge of the door opening around a substantially vertical axis. On this type of vehicle, the lateral free space required to open the doors is relatively large. In order to reduce this free space, motor vehicles with other types of openings have been proposed to solve this problem of lateral dimensions. For example, there are motor vehicles with side doors hinged to the body of the vehicle so as to be open or closed by tilting up or down. This is particularly the case in document FR 2 719 812, which describes a motor vehicle of the convertible type with doors whose opening kinematics can reduce the upward movement. The door has a first hinge pin located on the top of the windshield and a second hinge pin located at the rear of the front seats to allow this reduced travel.

However, such an arrangement provides a complex and heavy articulation device and above all does not respond to a door opening in a restricted environment, namely with dimensional constraints not to exceed 400mm laterally on the side of the vehicle and 1900mm vertically on the top of the vehicle. Moreover, such an opening causes a low accessibility to the interior of the vehicle once the door is open. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to remedy all of the aforementioned drawbacks and is intended to provide a device for articulating an opening which is simple in design and which allows easy opening of the door. opening on the top of the associated motor vehicle, while respecting the dimensional constraints inherent in a restricted environment.

This object of the invention is characterized, more particularly, by the fact that the articulation device comprises: a first hinge articulated about a first axis of rotation and fixed substantially above the windshield of the vehicle; a second hinge articulated around said first axis of rotation and fixed substantially below the windshield of the vehicle, and - a mechanism for guiding the opening in rotation about a second axis of rotation, coupled to said second hinge, so as to obtain a combination of a movement of opening and release of the opening substantially above the windshield of the vehicle. Such a hinge device thus makes it possible to obtain a clearance of the door above the windshield of the vehicle, thereby freeing the entire side of the vehicle for lateral accessibility, while respecting the dimensional constraints related to a restricted environment. . Other advantages and features of the invention may be considered in isolation or in combination: Said first hinge, arranged substantially above and in the center of the windshield along a transverse axis of the vehicle, may comprise a plurality of connecting rods. articulation arranged between them so as to form a first deformable parallelogram mechanism. Said second hinge, arranged substantially below and in the center of the windshield along a transverse axis of the vehicle, may comprise a plurality of articulation links arranged between them so as to form a second deformable parallelogram mechanism. - First and second hinge links of said second hinge can be articulated each at their first ends on a fastening plate secured to the vehicle and at their second ends to a third hinge link of said second hinge, of less than the length of said first and second links of said second hinge. Said second hinge may comprise a first coupling rod, provided with a first end fixed on said third hinge link of said second hinge and with a second articulated end, connected to a first articulated end of a second link coupling, having a second articulated end connected to the opening. - Said rotation guide mechanism may comprise a plurality of guide rods interconnected at their first ends in a single movable common joint axis: o a first guide rod may extend between said joint joint axis of articulation and said fixing plate at which it is hinged, o a second guide rod can extend between said movable joint hinge pin and said second hinged end of said first coupling rod, o a third guide rod may extend between said movable joint axis of articulation and said second articulated end of said second coupling rod connected to the opening. - The hinge device may comprise a system for assisting the movements of the opening, for example of the cylinder type, arranged between said articulated end of said first guide rod on said mounting plate and the body of said second connecting rod. guide.

The invention also aims at the realization of a motor vehicle whose opening openings must be simple, fast and can be done in a restricted environment (constraints for urban type vehicles). This object of the invention is characterized more particularly in that the vehicle comprises such a hinge device. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the motor vehicle may comprise a water box arranged under the windshield and shaped so as to receive said second hinge of the hinge device of each leaf. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of nonlimiting example and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the invention (not shown entirely for reasons of confidentiality), equipped with a particular embodiment of a device for articulating an opening according to the invention. 'invention.

Figure 2 shows a front view of the motor vehicle according to Figure 1 (not shown entirely for reasons of confidentiality), with one of its openings shown in an open position above the windshield.

FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents one of the openings of the vehicle according to FIGS. 1 and 2, very schematically illustrating the principle of articulation of the upper and lower hinges of the hinge device shown schematically in FIG. 1. FIGS. 4 to 6 show the device articulation member according to Figures 1 to 3, respectively in a first closed position of the associated opening, in an intermediate open position and in a second fully open position of the opening. FIG. 7 represents a partial perspective view of the lower part of the windshield of the motor vehicle at which a part of the articulation device according to FIGS. 4 to 6 is arranged. FIG. 8 represents a very schematic side view of a vehicle water box arranged at the lower part of the windshield of the vehicle, adapted to receive a portion of the hinge device according to Figures 4 to 7. Description of particular embodiments In the description which follows identical or similar elements will bear the same numbers and reference numbers. Expressions such as "back" and "front", "left" and "right", "upper" and "lower" and "longitudinal", "transverse" and "vertical" orientations will be defined with reference to X, Y triad , Z shown in Figures 1 and 2 and the definitions given in the description. In particular, the longitudinal direction X corresponds to the direction of travel in the forward direction of the motor vehicle (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2).

Referring to Figures 1 to 8, the hinge device 10 according to the invention is intended to equip an opening, more particularly a side door 101 of a motor vehicle 100 according to the invention. In the example shown in Figures 1 and 2, the motor vehicle 100 according to the invention is of the type small urban vehicle with two, three or four seats with reduced dimensions and, preferably, electric propulsion.

As shown more particularly in FIGS. 1 and 2, the basic principle of the hinge device 10 according to the invention consists in moving the door 101 to a first closed position, in which the door 101 closes the access to the inside of the vehicle (FIG. 1), at a second open position, in which the door 101 is positioned substantially above the vehicle and more particularly above the windshield 102 of the vehicle 100 (FIG. 2) . For this, and as represented very schematically in FIG. 1, the articulation device 10 according to the invention consists in combining a first rotation of the door 101 around a first axis of rotation X1 (axis passing through the points B and C in Figure 1), corresponding to the rotation of the door 101 relative to the body 103 of the vehicle, and a second rotation, or clearance, of the door 101 relative to the body 103 about a second axis of rotation X2 (axis passing through the points A and D in Figure 1), corresponding to the offset of the door 101 above the windshield 102 (Figure 2). The combination of these two characteristic rotations is carried out using a rotation guiding mechanism as described below, in order to obtain the characteristic positioning of the door 101 above the windshield 102 following these two rotations, because a simple clearance of the door 101 relative to the body 103 would not be sufficient to pass the door 101 above the windshield 102. In Figure 2, a first hinge 11 (Figure 3) of the device articulated hinge 10 about the first axis of rotation X1 is preferably fixed on a roof cross member 104 of the vehicle 100 above the windshield 102, more particularly in the center of the windshield 102 along the transverse axis Y of the vehicle 100. A second hinge 12 of the hinge device 10 hinged about the first axis of rotation X1 is preferably fastened to an undercarriage 105 of the vehicle 100 below the windshield 102 (FIGS. 7 and 8), more particularly in the center of the windshield 102 along the transverse axis Y of the vehicle 100. A mechanism 13 for guiding the door 101 in rotation is coupled to the second hinge 12 below, so as to obtain the combination characteristic of the opening and the release movement of the door 101 above the windshield 102. A particular embodiment of the hinge device 10 according to the invention is shown very schematically in FIG. 3, to illustrate the principle of the combination of these two characteristic rotations. The first upper hinge 11 of the hinge device 10 according to the invention comprises a plurality of articulation links (not shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity) arranged between them so as to form and function as a parallelogram mechanism. deformable. Similarly, the second lower hinge 12 of the hinge device 10 according to the invention comprises a plurality of articulation links 14, 15, 16 (FIGS. 4 to 6) arranged together so as to also form and function as a mechanism deformable parallelogram. Finally, the rotation guide mechanism 13 coupled to the lower hinge 12 also comprises a plurality of guide rods 17, 18, 19 (FIGS. 4 to 6), arranged between them and connected to the hinge links 14, 15, 16 , so as to guide the second rotation for the clearance of the door 101, not on the side of the vehicle as conventionally, but well above the windshield 102 of the vehicle.

In other words, the first rotation about the axis X1, corresponding to a conventional rotation of the door 101 relative to the body 103 of the vehicle 100, is shown schematically by the axis passing through the points P1 and P2 in the figure 3. The second rotation about the axis X2, corresponding to the clearance of the door 101 relative to the body 103 of the vehicle 100, is shown schematically by the axis passing through the points P3 and P4 in FIG. simple clearance obtained thanks to the deformable parallelograms formed by the hinges 11 and upper 12 not being sufficient, as described above, the presence of the mechanism 13 for guiding this second rotation along the axis X2, which is coupled to the point P4 level of the lower hinge 12, thus guiding this second rotation around the axis X2, to lengthen it in a manner and to position the door 101 well above the windshield 102 of the vehicle. The kinematic opening of the door 101 of the vehicle 100 through the hinge device 10 according to the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to Figures 4 to 6. In Figure 4, corresponding to the first closed position of the door 101 of the vehicle 100, only the lower hinge 12 and the rotation guide mechanism 13 are shown to illustrate their specific cooperation. The hinge device 10 is in a closed position of the door 101. The lower hinge 12 comprises two rods 14, 15 hinged at their first ends 14a, 15a on a mounting plate 106, intended to be fixed on the transom lower deck 105 of the vehicle 100 (Figure 8). The second ends 14b, 15b of the rods 14, 15 are articulated around a third connecting rod 16, whose length is less than the length of the two other rods 14, 15, so as to form the mechanism. deformable parallelogram as described above (FIGS. 3 and 4). The lower hinge 12 of the hinge device 10 also comprises two coupling rods 20, 21, linking the hinge links 14, 15, 16 to the rods 17, 18, 19 for guiding the rotation guide mechanism 13. A first coupling rod 20 extends between a first end 20a fixed on the articulation link 16 of the lower hinge 12 and a second end 20b rotatably articulated about a first articulated end 21a of the second link 21d. coupling, which comprises a second articulated end 21b, connected to the door 101 of the vehicle 100, for example the box 107 of the door 101 of the vehicle via a knuckle 108 attachment.

Furthermore, the guide rods 17, 18, 19 of the rotation guide mechanism 13 are all connected to their first ends 17a, 18a, 19a in a single joint axis X3 joint, or movable secondary axis of articulation. It is in particular thanks to this axis of articulation which is movable according to a predefined arc of curvature that the characteristic rotational movement coupled with a clearance is possible, to make the door 101 pass over the windshield 102 of the vehicle 100 .

As shown more particularly in FIGS. 4 to 6, the first guide rod 17 for guiding mechanism 13 rotates between said common hinge pin X3 and the mounting plate 106, on which is articulated its second end. 17b. The second link 18 for guiding the rotation-guiding mechanism 13 extends between said common hinge pin X3 and the second end 20b of the first coupling rod 20 at which its second end 18b is hinged. The third link 19 for guiding the rotation-guiding mechanism 13 extends between said common hinge axis X3 and the second end 21b of the second coupling link 21 at which its second end 19b is hinged. at the door 101 of the vehicle 100. Moreover, as represented in FIGS. 4 to 6, the articulation device 10 can advantageously comprise a movement-assistance member of the jack 22 type, for example pneumatic and / or of the type " stabilus "oil pressure, arranged between the second end 17b articulated of the first link 17 for guiding the rotation guide mechanism 13 and the body 18c of the second link 18 for guiding the mechanism 13 for guiding rotation. Such a cylinder 22 assistance facilitates the opening and kinematics as described below and maintain the opening of the door 101 without excessive effort by the manipulator of the door 101.

In FIG. 5, the door 101 of the vehicle 100 is in an intermediate open position. The hinge device 10 is in the process of movement with the first rotation along the axis X1 in progress, illustrated by the angle of inclination A5 of the two link rods 14, 15 of articulation of the lower hinge 12 with respect to the fixing plate 106 which is greater than the angle of inclination A4 shown in FIG. 4. Similarly, the clearance of the door 101 operated by the rotation guide mechanism 13 connected by the coupling rods 20, 21 to the hinge link 16 of the deformable parallelogram mechanism formed by the lower hinge 12 began, with the angle A2 between the two guide rods 17, 19 (Figure 5), which is greater than the angle Al between the two guide rods 17, 19 shown in FIG. 4. The end 19b of the rod 19 for guiding the rotating guide mechanism 13, which in a way represents the door 101 of the vehicle 100, is already starting to position itself quite far from the b articulation knuckles of the lower hinge 12, in particular thanks to the common hinge axis X3 which is movable relative to the hinge 12 below, illustrating this specific clearance of the door 101 above the windshield 102.

In FIG. 6, the door 101 of the vehicle 100 is in its second fully open position above the windshield 102. The hinge device 10 has completed these characteristic rotational and disengagement movements. The rotation along the axis X1, illustrated by the angle of inclination A6 of the two connecting rods 14, 15 of articulation of the lower hinge 12 with respect to the fixing plate 106, is now finished, with the angle of inclination A6 much greater than the angle of inclination A4 shown in Figure 4 and the inclination angle A5 shown in Figure 5. Similarly, the clearance of the door 101 operated in particular by the mechanism 13 of guide rotation is now complete, with the angle A3 between the two guide rods 17, 19 (Figure 6), which is greater than the angle A2 between the two guide rods 17, 19 shown in Figure 5 and the axis joint hinge X3 mobile which is positioned above the lower hinge 12. The end 19b of the rod 19 for guiding the mechanism 13 for guiding rotation, is therefore positioned above the link rods 14, 15, 16 of the hinge 12 below, illustrating this specific clearance of the door 101 to above the windshield 102.

In general, as shown more particularly in FIG. 6, the final height H between the end 19b of the guide rod 13 of the rotation guiding mechanism 13 schematically illustrates the height necessary and sufficient to allow the door 101 of the vehicle 100 to be positioned above the windshield 102 without abutting against the elements of the body 103 or the windshield 102 of the vehicle 100. The angles of inclination Al to A6, as well as the lengths of the links hinges 14, 15, 16, guide rods 17, 18, 19 and coupling rods 20, 21 are thus calculated, in order to obtain this final height H in the fully open position of the door 101. Furthermore, as shown more particularly in FIG. 7, the articulation device 10 advantageously comprises a plate 23 acting as a cover, in the first closed position of the door 101 of the vehicle 100. shown more particularly in Figure 2, the plate 23 is integral with the connecting rod 15 of the hinge 12 lower. The plate 23 serves in particular to act as a cover for the hinge 12 of the lower hinge device 10, which is stored in a water box 109 of the vehicle 100 adapted to receive the hinge device, as described below in 8. In fact, in order to be able to store the articulation device 10 in the closed position of the door 101 of the vehicle 100 and allow the displacements of the lower hinge 12 of the articulation device 10, namely at the same time the links 14, 15, 16 of articulation, but also the links 20, 21 of coupling and the links 17, 18, 19 guide, the vehicle 100 comprises a water box 109 whose dimensions are able to receive the device In Figure 8, the water box 109, conventionally intended to seal between the outside of the vehicle 100 and the passenger compartment of the vehicle 100, has a substantially U-shaped hollow section. hermetically fixed on a first edge 109a to a lower cross member 110 of the vehicle, on which the windshield 102 is adhered, and on a second edge 109b to the cross member of the deck 105 of the vehicle 100, via, example, the mounting plate 106 which is itself fixed to the cross member of the deck 105 via a plate 111 hook and connection, substantially V-section in the closed position of the door 101 , the plate 23 of the articulation device 10 then acts as a cover by positioning itself between the lower part of the windshield 102, substantially at the edge 109a of the water box 109, and between another edge 109c of the water box 109.

Thus, whatever the embodiment of the hinge device 10 according to the invention and the vehicle 100 according to the invention, such a hinge device 10 thus makes it possible to obtain a characteristic movement of the door 101 of the vehicle 100 in a simple and inexpensive way, the necessary mechanisms being simple links connected together.

Similarly, the dimensions of the rods are such that they can maintain a door opening respecting dimensional constraints related to a restricted environment. Such a hinge device is also simple to integrate on a vehicle, it is just necessary to redesign a water box to receive the hinge device, and also slightly redesign the body and the door of the vehicle. Finally, such a hinge device 10 thus provides a clearance of the door above the windshield of the vehicle, thus releasing the entire side of the vehicle for lateral accessibility.

The invention is not limited to the various embodiments described above. In particular, the shape and dimensions of the rods constituting the articulation device 10 may be different, as long as they make it possible to obtain the combination of movements characteristic for the positioning of the door above the windshield of the vehicle and all by respecting the dimensional constraints related to a restricted environment. Similarly, the inclination angles A1 to A6, in particular represented in FIGS. 4 to 6, between the various links, as well as the final height H in the open position of the door (FIG. 6), may be different, both that they allow the characteristic movements of rotation and clearance of the door above the windshield of the vehicle. The invention applies to any type of motor vehicle, electric or thermal propulsion type small urban vehicle or sedan or cabriolet, looking for an original door opening, with a positioning of the door above the windshield in final opening position.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Articulation device (10) for an opening (101) of a motor vehicle (100) capable of passing from a first closed position, in which the opening (101) closes the access to the interior of the vehicle (100), at a second open position, wherein the opening (101) is positioned substantially on top of the motor vehicle (100), hinge device characterized in that it comprises: - a first hinge (11) articulated around a first axis of rotation (X1) and fixed substantially above the windshield (102) of the vehicle (100), - a second hinge (12) hinged about said first axis of rotation (X1 ) and fixed substantially below the windshield (102) of the vehicle (100), and - a mechanism (13) for guiding the opening (101) in rotation about a second axis of rotation (X2), coupled to said second hinge (12) so as to obtain a combination of an opening and opening movement of the sash (101) sensibl above the windshield (102) of the vehicle (100). 2. articulation device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said first hinge (11), arranged substantially above and in the center of the windshield (102) along a transverse axis (Y) of the vehicle ( 100) has a plurality of hinge links arranged therebetween to form a first deformable parallelogram mechanism. 3. articulation device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said second hinge (12), arranged substantially below and in the center of the windshield (102) along a transverse axis (Y ) of the vehicle (100), comprises a plurality of articulation links (14, 15, 16) arranged between them so as to form a second deformable parallelogram mechanism. 4. Hinge device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that first (14) and second (15) hinge links of said second hinge (12) are each hinged at their first ends (14a, 15a). ) on a mounting plate (106) secured to the vehicle (100) and at their second ends (14b, 15b) to a third link (16) for articulation of said second hinge (12), less than the length of said length first (14) and second (15) hinge links of said second hinge (12). 5. articulation device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said second hinge (12) comprises a first link (20) coupling, provided with a first end (20a) fixed on said third link ( 16) of articulation of said second hinge (12) and a second articulated end (20b), connected to a first hinged end (21a) of a second connecting rod (21), having a second end (21b) articulated connected to the opening (101). 6. Articulation device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said mechanism (13) for rotating guide comprises a plurality of rods (17, 18, 19) for guiding connected to each other at their first ends (17a). , 18a, 19a) into a single movable joint axis (X3). 7. articulating device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that: a first connecting rod (17) extends between said joint axis of articulation (X3) movable and said mounting plate (106) to at which level it is articulated, - a second guide rod (18) extends between said movable common articulation axis (X3) and said articulated second end (20b) of said first connecting rod (20); a third guide rod (19) extends between said movable joint axis (X3) and said second articulated end (21b) of said second connecting rod (21) connected to the opening (101). 8. articulating device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a system for assisting the movements of the opening (101), for example of the cylinder type (22), arranged between said end ( 17b) of said first guide rod (17) on said fixing plate (106) and the body (18c) of said second guide rod (18). 9. Motor vehicle (100) having at least one opening (101) side, characterized in that it comprises a hinge device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims for each of its openings (101). 10.V vehicule automobile (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a water box (109) arranged under the windshield (102) and shaped so as to receive said second hinge (12) of the device d articulation (10) of each leaf (101).