FR2948261A1 - INSECTICIDAL AND / OR REPULSIVE PROCESS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insecticidal and / or insect repellent process which is characterized by administering to a human or an animal a composition which comprises at least one component having insecticidal properties to the insect. in respect of an insect biting and / or repulsive with respect to an insect present in the environment of said human being or animal, said at least one constituent being wholly or partly in the state in a body fluid of said being human or animal.

Description

The present invention relates to an insecticidal method with regard to a stinging insect (such as a mosquito, a flea, a louse, a tick or any other ectoparasite) and / or an insect repellent. The present invention will be more specifically described in an indication for the animal, and in this context will relate to a zootechnical process.

Although the invention is more particularly described with reference to the method for an animal, and in particular to livestock, this does not constitute any limitation thereto. Indeed, the method according to the present invention can also be applied to a human, for example to remedy the problem of the inadvertent presence of mosquitoes in its environment.

In the context of the present invention, the term "biting insect" is intended to mean any insect that stings mammals using its mouthparts and sucks up the blood it needs.

In the context of the present invention, ectoparasite will be understood to mean an external parasite, i.e., a parasite that lives on the body surface of a living being. These include fleas, lice, sarcoptes and other mites, such as ticks.

Poisonous ectoparasites such as lice or biting flies are present in a number of herds. They can greatly affect the productivity of the farms and cause significant economic losses.

Plumage lice or false red lice tire and annoy the chickens; this may lead to an increase in the mortality rate within the farm. Red lice are also known to be responsible for the transport of viruses such as avian cholera and spirochetosis. In addition, a large lice population in a poultry farm can cause a loss of 3% of eggs. To this can be added other problems such as: - the decommissioning of stained eggs: because the lice on the egg strips crush under the weight of the eggs and stain the shells, while France, eggs can not be washed, - poor assimilation of food (anemia). - the inconvenience caused to operators working in the building.

The life cycle of a louse can indeed be summarized by the following stages: - the stage of the egg, then - 48 to 72 hours after hatching of the egg: stage of the larva, then - 4 to 7 days after: stage of the protonymph (during which the 1st meal of blood takes place), - stage of the deutonymph (during which the 2nd blood meal takes place), then - the adult stage (during which a blood meal takes place every one to four days and one to two hours a night). However, as soon as the egg hatches, the louse can sting its host to feed on its blood. It is therefore essential to eliminate not only the larvae but also adult lice if they are present in a farm. The laying takes place twelve to twenty-four hours after a blood meal. Seven eggs are laid per day.

The pungent fly is known to be one of the vectors of anthrax, namely an infectious disease feared breeders, causing anemia and causing in animals an exacerbated nervousness. This species of fly is often present in the country, in stables, sheepfolds or stables, in which it finds in abundance the manure and dung to lay its eggs which will give coprophagous larvae. This species is one of the few species resembling the house fly, but is stinging and feeds on adult blood (a painful sting for both humans and animals).

To remedy such problems arising from the proliferation of lice or biting flies, or more generally insects in the environment of animal species, solutions implemented may consist of the local use of repellents. and / or insecticides. However, these solutions generate considerable costs and involve heavy logistics. In addition, the dispersion of insect repellent chemicals can also have toxic and dangerous effects on animals.

The present invention proposes to remedy these various drawbacks detailed above caused by the solutions currently made to the untimely presence of insects in the environment of animal species.

The present invention indeed proposes an insecticidal and / or insect repellent method, according to which a composition is administered to a human being or to an animal which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to an insecticide. an insect biting and / or repulsive with respect to an insect present in the environment of said human being or animal, said at least one constituent being found wholly or partly in the state in a bodily fluid of said human being or animal.

Thus, according to one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the constituents of the composition may have insecticidal and repulsive properties with respect to a biting insect.

According to another embodiment of the invention, at least one of the constituents of the composition may have only insecticidal properties with respect to a stinging insect. According to another embodiment of the invention, at least one of the constituents of the composition may have only repellent properties with respect to an insect which may be a stinging insect or not.

Preferably, according to the process according to the invention, a composition is administered to a human or to an animal which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to a stinging insect present in the environment of said animal. human or animal, said at least one constituent found all or partly in the state in a body fluid of said human being or animal.

The body fluid can be blood, perspiration or the lymph of said human being or animal. Thus, the composition which is administered to a human being or to an animal, comprises at least one component having a repulsive and / or insecticidal action which will be found in whole or in part in the body fluid of said human or animal being such as blood, perspiration or lymph; causing: - a repulsive action on an insect, if the human or animal evacuates this at least one constituent by: o breathing, since the at least one constituent will be conveyed by the blood to the pulmonary alveoli and find in the exhaled air, or 20 o perspiration through the pores of the skin,

and or

an insecticidal action, if a stinging insect bites the human or animal and poisons this at least one constituent by feeding on the blood of the human being or animal.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a composition can be administered to a human which comprises at least one component having insect repellent properties (eg, mosquitoes, wasps). or bees). By its perspiration, the human being will remove through the pores of his skin at least one of the constituents of the composition having a repellent effect on the insects present in its environment. The human being is no longer bothered by the untimely presence of these insects. The human can also eliminate by breathing one of the constituents of the composition having a repellent effect on the insects present in its environment.

In the context of the process according to the present invention, the quantity of composition administered must be without any toxic risk for humans or animals, but must have an insecticidal and / or repellent effect on an insect (possibly a biting insect). The expression without toxic risk means that the quantity of administered composition to human or animal does not harm the health of the latter, both in a short period of time and during repeated administration (risk of toxicology chronic).

Thus, in the context of the present invention, the amount of composition administered to the human being or animal must be such that the at least one constituent having repellent and / or insecticidal properties that it comprises can be wholly or partially as it is in a body fluid such as blood, sweat or lymph, in order to have: - an insecticidal action against a stinging insect, when the latter will sting the human being or animal, and / or - an insect repellent action when the human or animal transpire through the pores of his skin said at least one constituent or breathe expire said at least one constituent. Therefore, the constituents and amounts of the composition administered in the process of the present invention will be adapted according to the following parameters; this adaptation being easily carried out by a person skilled in the art on the basis of his general knowledge of: the living being to which the composition is administered (in particular its digestive system will induce the quantities and the time after which it will end up the at least one constituent having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties in the body fluid, such as blood, perspiration or lymph), - the insect or insects targeted by the method according to the invention.

In fact, the doses administered of a constituent having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties will depend on the species of insect considered present in the environment of the human being or the animal.

Thus, the process according to the invention will be all the more rapid as the at least one component having repellent and / or insecticidal properties will be found quickly in the body fluid (blood, respiration or lymph) of the human being or the body. animal.

Preferably, the constituents of the composition are volatile so that they can be rapidly transpired through the pores of the skin or exhaled by respiration.

In one embodiment of the invention, said constituents must be found wholly or partly in the state in the blood at the end of the digestion process so as to exert an insecticidal effect during a sting by a biting insect. . Preferably, the process according to the invention is a zootechnical process. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the administration is performed orally. Thus, preferably, according to the method according to the invention, an animal is administered orally a composition which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to a biting insect and / or repellent to the insect. an insect present in the environment of said animal, said at least one constituent found all or partly in the state in a body fluid of said animal.

Even more preferably, an animal is administered orally a composition which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to a stinging insect present in the environment of said animal, said at least one constituent being found all or part as is in a body fluid of said animal.

The present invention thus has multiple advantages. In particular, in the technical field of breeding, by virtue of the administration of the composition of the process according to the invention to an animal, it is no longer necessary to treat its environment by the diffusion of various products such as insecticides. . In addition, this method according to the invention constitutes a simple, economical, and effective means of implementation, to remedy the unintentional presence of insects, since the composition according to the invention can be administered while being incorporated into the body. feeding of the animal.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the present invention, the composition may comprise: at least one aromatic molecule having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties with respect to said insect, optionally at least one agent such as selected from antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antiseptic agents.

Said aromatic molecule may be of natural origin, namely extracted from a plant or of synthetic origin. It may be chosen from geraniol, citronellol and citronellum. These aromatic molecules have the advantage of being volatile. Thus, as explained above, their use in the context of the invention is particularly interesting.

The agent may be chosen from anethol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, linalyl acetate and linalool.

In an even more preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one essential oil having insecticidal and / or repellent properties with respect to said insect. The essential oil can be chosen from lavandin grosso essential oil, lemongrass essential oil, clove essential oil, geranium essential oil.

In the context of the present invention, the essential oil is as defined according to AFNOR NF T 75-006 (1998), namely as a product obtained from a material of plant origin, either by entrainment to water vapor, either by mechanical processes of the citrus epicarp, or by dry distillation. The essential oil is then separated from the aqueous phase by physical methods for the first two methods of production; it can undergo physical treatments that do not entail a significant change in its composition (for example redistillation, aeration, ...). In the context of the present invention, essential oils are particularly suitable because they are fragrant and volatile substances. They can contain up to several hundred different molecules with particular properties, including very volatile.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition may comprise 10 to 25% of at least one aromatic molecule having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties with respect to a said insect, preferably from 15 to 18% .

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition may comprise 4.5 to 10% of at least one essential oil having insecticidal and / or repellent properties with respect to an said insect.

The composition may comprise from 0.5 to 5% of the said at least one agent. The manufacture of the composition according to the invention is within the abilities of those skilled in the art, in particular from commercially available essential oils.

The composition may be in the form of a powder, capsules or tablets. In the context of the process according to the invention, the composition may be administered at a value greater than or equal to 0.10 g / kg of live weight, preferably between 0.11 and 0.14 g / kg of live weight. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition may be administered by incorporating said composition into a food intended for humans or animals. The food may be in the form of powders, capsules or tablets.

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition may be administered by incorporating said composition into a beverage for humans or animals. In the context of the process according to the invention, the composition may be administered to the animal by incorporating said composition into a premix. In the context of the present invention, premixing is understood to mean a mixture of additives for animal feed. An example of a premix in which the composition used in the process according to the invention has been incorporated may consist of: - vitamins: 0.005% - trace elements: 0.1% - sodium: 0.4% - pigment: 0.005% - phosphorus: 1% - calcium: 98% - enzymes: 0.005%

The premix may be in the form of powders, capsules or tablets. As part of the process according to the invention, the animal may be a poultry, a pig, a ruminant or belonging to the family of equines, a domestic animal such as canary, cat or dog, or a park animal zoological. In the context of the process according to the invention, the stinging insect may be an ectoparasite, preferably a flea, a louse, a sarcopter or a tick.

The present invention also relates to the use of at least one aromatic molecule having insecticidal and / or insect repellent properties for the manufacture of a composition for administration to a human or animal.

Preferably, the aromatic molecule has insecticidal properties against a stinging insect.

The aromatic molecule may be chosen from geraniol, citronellol and citronellal. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aromatic molecule is extracted from an essential oil. The essential oil may be selected from lavandin grosso essential oil, lemongrass essential oil, clove essential oil, geranium oil.

In the context of the use according to the invention, the composition may further comprise at least one agent as chosen from antibacterial agents, antiviral agents and antiseptic agents.

Preferably, the agent is chosen from anethol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, linalyl acetate and linalool. The composition may comprise 0.5 to 5% of said agent.

In the context of the use according to the present invention, the composition may comprise 10 to 25% of the molecule having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties with respect to a said insect, preferably from 15 to 18%.

In the context of the use according to the present invention, the composition may comprise 4.5 to 10% of an essential oil having insecticidal and / or repellent properties with respect to said insect. According to the use according to the present invention, the composition may be incorporated in a food intended for a human being or an animal. In another mode of use according to the present invention, the composition may be incorporated into a premix for an animal. In the context of the use according to the present invention, the insect may be an ectoparasite, preferably a flea, a louse, a sarcopter, a tick. In the context of the use according to the present invention, the animal may be a poultry, a pig, a ruminant or belonging to the equidae family, a domestic animal such as canary, cat or dog, or an animal of the family. In the context of the process according to the invention, the administration of the composition can thus be carried out in a building of farm animals infested with lice.

11th case: Low infestation: A 10-day course at a rate of 2 kg of composition per ton of food every 5 to 6 weeks over the duration of the batch. It takes 4 to 5 courses depending on the sanitary state of the building. Preferably, the first treatment is carried out after 5 weeks of presence of the animals in the building, depending on the presence or absence of lice. 2nd case: Average infestation: A course of 10 to 15 days of 4 kg of composition per ton of food, then every 5 to 6 weeks a course of 2 kg of composition per ton of food for 10 days. Test n ° 1:

A study was conducted on a total of 400 000 industrial hens and in which a high presence of lice despite the implementation of a conventional prophylaxis plan (chemical treatment or fractional light program) intended to have a repulsive action on the ectoparasites present within the breeding.

The composition according to the present invention has been added to the diet of the hens on a daily basis for ten days every 5 to 6 weeks.

The composition comprised by weight: 30 - 20% of a mixture consisting of aromatic molecules and essential oils, - 80% of support (a mixture of silica and remolding of wheat). The incorporation rate of the composition according to the invention was 2 kg / ton of feed. In case of high ectoparasitic pressure, the rate of incorporation was 4 kg / ton for 10 days. The lice trap consisted of a sheet of cardboard cardboard of 7 x 20 cm folded in two and kept closed by two staples, placed in the potholes, namely near the places where the mites take refuge.

The count of the lice was carried out before and after the incorporation of the composition according to the invention into the feed of the hens. It was found that 80 to 85% of the lice had been eliminated by the 10th day of incorporation.

Test n ° 2:

A study was conducted in a farm of 150 000 outdoor laying hens in which a high presence of lice despite a conventional treatment (chemical treatment or fractional light program), in order to have a repulsive action on the ectoparasites present within the breeding.

The composition according to the present invention has been added to the diet of chickens at one dose per day for ten days every 5 to 6 weeks.

The incorporation rate of the composition according to the invention was 2 kg / ton of feed.

The lice trap consisted of a sheet of cardboard, 7 x 20 cm folded in two and kept closed by two staples, placed in the potholes, ie near the places where the mites took refuge.

The exposure time was 24 hours. The number of traps was 1 per 1,000 hens. The traps were then placed in airtight bags and then frozen for 24 hours at 20 ° C to kill the lice and count.

The counting of the lice was carried out before and after the incorporation of the composition according to the invention into the feed of the hens. It was found that more than 85% of the lice had been eliminated by the 10th day of incorporation.

In addition, a control test was carried out in order to search in chicken eggs for residues of the composition according to the invention. The limit of detection was 5 ppm. No trace of the compounds of the composition was detected in the eggs. 15

Claims (33)

REVENDICATIONS1. Insecticidal and / or insect repellant process characterized by administering to a human or an animal a composition which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to a biting insect and or repulsive with respect to an insect present in the environment of said human or animal being, said at least one component being wholly or partly in the state in a body fluid of said human or animal being. 2. Process characterized in that a composition is administered to a human being or to an animal which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to a stinging insect present in the environment of said human or animal being, said at least one constituent being wholly or partly in the state in a body fluid of said human or animal being. 3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said body fluid is blood, sweat or lymph of said human being or animal. 4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that said process is a zootechnical process. 25 5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that an animal is administered orally a composition which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to a biting insect and / or repellent with respect to an insect present in the environment of said animal, said at least one constituent found all or partly in the state in a body fluid of said animal. 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that an animal is administered orally a composition which comprises at least one constituent having insecticidal properties with respect to a stinging insect present in the environment of said animal, said at least one component being wholly or partly in the state in a body fluid of said animal. 7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said composition comprises: at least one aromatic molecule having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties with respect to said insect, optionally at least one agent as selected from antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antiseptic agents. 15 8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the at least one molecule is chosen from geraniol, citronellol and citronellal. 9. The method of claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the composition comprises at least one essential oil having insecticidal and / or repellent properties with respect to said insect. 10. Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one essential oil is chosen from lavandin essential oil, lemongrass essential oil, clove essential oil and geranium essential oil. 11. Process according to any one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the said at least one agent is chosen from anethol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, sodium acetate and the like. linalyl, linalool. 12. Method according to any one of claims 7 to 11 characterized in that the composition comprises 10 to 25% of at least one moleculearomatique having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties with respect to a said insect, preferably from 15 to 18%. 13. The method of claim 12, characterized in that the composition comprises 4.5 to 10% of at least one essential oil having insecticidal and / or repellent properties with respect to said insect. 14. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the composition comprises 0.5 to 5% of said at least one agent. 15. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 characterized in that the composition is in the form of a powder, capsules, tablets. 16. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 characterized in that the composition is administered by incorporating said composition in a food or drink for (e) human being or animal. 20 17. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 characterized in that the composition is administered by incorporating said composition into a premix for the animal. 25 18. A method according to any one of claims 4 to 17 characterized in that the composition is administered at a value greater than or equal to 0.10 g / kg of live weight. 19. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the animal is a poultry, a pig, a ruminant or belonging to the equidae family, a domestic animal such as canary, cat or dog, or another animal from a zoo. 15 20. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 characterized in that the biting insect is an ectoparasite, preferably a flea, a louse, a sarcopter, a tick. 21. Use of at least one aromatic molecule having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties with regard to an insect selected from geraniol, citronellol and citronellal for the manufacture of a composition intended to be administered to a person human or animal. 22. Use according to claim 21 characterized in that the insect is a stinging insect. 23. Use according to any one of claims 21 to 22, characterized in that the aromatic molecule is extracted from an essential oil. 24. Use according to claim 23 characterized in that the essential oil is selected from lavandin grosso essential oil, lemongrass essential oil, clove essential oil, geranium essential oil. 25. Use according to any one of claims 21 to 24 characterized in that the composition further comprises at least one agent such as selected from antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antiseptic agents. 26. Use according to claim 25 characterized in that the agent is selected from anethol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, linalyl acetate, linalool. 27. Use according to any one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that the composition comprises 10 to 25% of the molecule having insecticidal and / or repulsive properties with respect to a said insect, preferably from 15 to 25%. 18%. 28. Use according to any one of claims 23 to 27 characterized in that the composition comprises 4.5 to 10% of an essential oil having insecticidal and / or repellent properties with respect to said insect. 29. Use according to any one of claims 25 to 28 characterized in that the composition comprises 0.5 to 5% of said agent. 30. Use according to any one of claims 21 to 29 characterized in that the composition is incorporated in a food intended for a human being or an animal. 31. Use according to any one of claims 21 to 29 characterized in that the composition is incorporated in a premix for an animal. 20 32. Use according to any one of claims 21 to 31 characterized in that the insect is an ectoparasite, preferably a flea, a louse, a sarcopter, a tick. 33. Use according to any one of claims 21 to 32 characterized in that the animal a poultry, a pig, a ruminant or belonging to the family of equines, a domestic animal such as canary, cat or dog, or an animal from a zoo. 15 30