FR2947898A1 - Air separation method, involves sending oxygen rich liquid from low pressure column to evaporator-condenser of tank, and extracting another oxygen rich liquid from lower part of condenser and nitrogen fluid from higher part of condenser - Google Patents
Air separation method, involves sending oxygen rich liquid from low pressure column to evaporator-condenser of tank, and extracting another oxygen rich liquid from lower part of condenser and nitrogen fluid from higher part of condenser Download PDFInfo
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- FR2947898A1 FR2947898A1 FR0954804A FR0954804A FR2947898A1 FR 2947898 A1 FR2947898 A1 FR 2947898A1 FR 0954804 A FR0954804 A FR 0954804A FR 0954804 A FR0954804 A FR 0954804A FR 2947898 A1 FR2947898 A1 FR 2947898A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
- F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
- F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
- F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
- F25J3/0463—Simultaneously between rectifying and stripping sections, i.e. double dephlegmator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
- F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
- F25J2200/54—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column in the low pressure column of a double pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique. Elle vise en particulier à réduire l'énergie de séparation d'un procédé de production de l'oxygène impur, de préférence sans co-production d'azote. L'oxygène impur contient au plus 97,5% mol. d'oxygène, de préférence au plus 95% mol. d'oxygène. The present invention relates to a method of air separation by cryogenic distillation. It aims in particular to reduce the separation energy of a process for producing impure oxygen, preferably without co-production of nitrogen. Impure oxygen contains at most 97.5 mol%. oxygen, preferably at most 95 mol%. oxygen.
Selon l'art antérieur il est connu d'utiliser un appareil de séparation d'air à double colonne dont la colonne basse pression possède deux vaporiseurs. Le vaporiseur de cuve est chauffé par de l'air et l'autre vaporiseur par de l'azote provenant de la colonne haute pression. La puissance de rectification According to the prior art, it is known to use a double column air separation apparatus whose low pressure column has two vaporizers. The vessel vaporizer is heated by air and the other vaporizer by nitrogen from the high pressure column. The power of rectification
io reste trop importante, puisque la production d'azote moyenne pression est possible, ce qui montre que l'on a mis trop d'énergie dans le système. It remains too important since the production of medium pressure nitrogen is possible, which shows that too much energy has been put into the system.
Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique dans lequel : According to one object of the invention, there is provided a method of air separation by cryogenic distillation in which:
a) on envoie de l'air comprimé, épuré et refroidi à un vaporiseur- a) compressed, purified and cooled air is sent to a vaporizer;
15 condenseur placé dans la cuve d'une colonne basse pression d'une double colonne où il se condense au moins partiellement Condenser placed in the tank of a low pressure column of a double column where it condenses at least partially
b) on envoie soit de l'air au moins partiellement condensé soit un fluide dérivé de l'air au moins partiellement condensé du vaporiseurcondenseur à une colonne moyenne pression de la double colonne où il se b) at least partially condensed air or a fluid derived from the at least partially condensed air of the condenser vaporizer is sent to a medium pressure column of the double column where it is
20 sépare pour former un débit enrichi en azote et un débit enrichi en oxygène Separates to form a nitrogen enriched flow and oxygen enriched flow.
c) on envoie au moins une partie du débit enrichi en oxygène et au moins une partie du débit enrichi en azote à une colonne basse pression de la double colonne pour produire un débit riche en azote et un premier liquide riche en oxygène c) at least a portion of the oxygen enriched flow and at least a portion of the nitrogen enriched flow is fed to a low pressure column of the double column to produce a nitrogen rich flow and a first oxygen rich liquid.
25 d) on condense au moins partiellement au moins une partie du débit enrichi en azote provenant de la colonne moyenne pression dans un vaporiseur-condenseur intermédiaire de la colonne basse pression D) at least partially condensing at least a portion of the nitrogen enriched flow from the medium pressure column in an intermediate vaporizer-condenser of the low pressure column
e) on envoie le premier liquide riche en oxygène de la colonne basse pression à un vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve de la colonne basse e) the first oxygen-rich liquid is sent from the low pressure column to a bottom condenser vaporizer-condenser
30 pression et on chauffe le vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve au moyen de l'air envoyé au vaporiseur-condenseur et éventuellement au moyen du fluide dérivé de l'air caractérisé en ce que le premier liquide riche en oxygène se sépare dans le vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve par effet de déflegmation équivalent à une distillation d'au moins 2 plateaux théoriques et d'au plus 10 plateaux théoriques pour produire un deuxième liquide riche en oxygène plus riche en oxygène que le premier liquide riche en oxygène et un fluide enrichi en azote par rapport au premier liquide riche en oxygène et en ce que l'on soutire le deuxième liquide riche en oxygène d'une partie inférieure du vaporiseurcondenseur de cuve et en ce que l'on soutire le fluide enrichi en azote d'une partie supérieure du vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve. 30 and the vaporizer-condenser tank is heated by means of the air sent to the vaporizer-condenser and possibly by means of the fluid derived from the air characterized in that the first oxygen-rich liquid separates in the vaporizer-condenser de-phlegmation effect equivalent to a distillation of at least 2 theoretical plates and at most 10 theoretical plates for producing a second oxygen-rich liquid that is richer in oxygen than the first oxygen-rich liquid and a nitrogen-enriched fluid relative to the first oxygen-rich liquid and that the second oxygen-rich liquid is withdrawn from a lower portion of the vessel vaporizer and that the nitrogen-enriched fluid is withdrawn from an upper portion of the vaporizer-condenser tank.
io Selon d'autres caractéristiques facultatifs : According to other optional features:
- l'échange de chaleur dans le vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve est un échange à contre-courant ; the heat exchange in the vessel vaporizer-condenser is a countercurrent exchange;
- on envoie de l'air à la partie inférieure du vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve, l'air envoyé au vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve s'y sépare pour former un - Air is sent to the lower part of the vessel vaporizer-condenser, the air sent to the vaporizer-condenser tank separates to form a
15 flux enrichi en oxygène et un flux enrichi en azote et dans lequel le flux enrichi en azote est soutiré d'une partie supérieure du vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve et le flux enrichi en oxygène est soutiré d'une partie inférieure du vaporiseurcondenseur de cuve. Dans ce cas, les flux enrichis servent également à chauffer l'oxygène en plus de l'air ; An oxygen-enriched stream and a nitrogen enriched stream and wherein the nitrogen-enriched stream is withdrawn from an upper portion of the vessel vaporizer-condenser and the oxygen-enriched stream is withdrawn from a lower portion of the vessel vaporizer condenser. In this case, the enriched streams also serve to heat the oxygen in addition to the air;
20 - on envoie le flux enrichi en azote et/ou le flux enrichi en oxygène à la colonne moyenne pression et/ou à la colonne basse pression ; The nitrogen enriched stream and / or the oxygen enriched stream are sent to the medium pressure column and / or the low pressure column;
- on envoie de l'air à la partie inférieure du vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve, l'air s'y condense partiellement en montant et forme un fluide diphasique qui est soutiré d'une partie supérieure du vaporiseur-condenseur. Dans ce cas, - Air is sent to the lower part of the vaporizer-tank condenser, the air condenses partially rising and forms a two-phase fluid which is withdrawn from an upper part of the vaporizer-condenser. In that case,
25 le fluide diphasique participe également au chauffage de l'oxygène ; The two-phase fluid also participates in heating the oxygen;
- le vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve est un vaporiseur à film ; the vessel vaporizer-condenser is a film vaporizer;
- l'enrichissement opéré sur le premier liquide riche en oxygène est équivalent à une distillation utilisant au plus 5 plateaux théoriques de distillation ; the enrichment performed on the first oxygen-rich liquid is equivalent to distillation using at most 5 theoretical distillation plates;
30 - le vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve est un échangeur en aluminium à plaques et à ailettes brasées ; - le premier liquide riche en oxygène a une pureté de P % mol. et le deuxième liquide riche en oxygène a une pureté d'entre (P+3) % mol. et (P+15) % mol., voire entre (P+5) % mol. et (P+10) % mol. The vessel vaporizer-condenser is an aluminum exchanger with brazed plates and fins; the first oxygen-rich liquid has a purity of P% mol. and the second oxygen-rich liquid has a purity of between (P + 3)% mol. and (P + 15)% mol., or even between (P + 5)% mol. and (P + 10)% mol.
Une double colonne est classiquement constituée par une colonne moyenne pression et une colonne basse pression, superposées ou pas, thermiquement reliées entre elles par un ou, dans ce cas deux, vaporiseur(s)-condenseur(s). A double column is conventionally constituted by a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, superimposed or not, thermally interconnected by one or, in this case two, vaporizer (s) -condenser (s).
Le principe d'un déflegmateur entre les colonnes de moyenne et de basse pression d'un appareil de séparation d'air est connu de US-A-3756035 The principle of a dephlegmator between the medium and low pressure columns of an air separation apparatus is known from US-A-3756035
io et US-A-3535886. Contrairement au déflegmateur classique complet connu de ces documents, selon l'invention, le nombre de plateaux théoriques de distillation nécessaire coté oxygène est très réduit : l'équipement reste dimensionné par l'échange thermique (et non l'échange de matière comme dans le cas classique) : on peut donc utiliser une technologie d'échange and US-A-3535886. Unlike the known conventional dephlegmator known from these documents, according to the invention, the number of theoretical distillation plates required on the oxygen side is very small: the equipment remains dimensioned by the heat exchange (and not the exchange of material as in the classic case): we can therefore use an exchange technology
15 thermique éprouvée telle qu'un échangeur aluminium à plaques et ailettes brasées, par exemple de type vaporiseur à film (avec ici l'oxygène gazeux qui ressort par le haut, au lieu de sortir par le bas). A thermal heat exchanger such as an aluminum exchanger with brazed plates and fins, for example of the film-type vaporizer (with here the gaseous oxygen that comes out from above, instead of coming out from below).
Ceci permet de réduire la pression d'air et de gagner environ 2.7% sur l'énergie de séparation par rapport à un appareil à double colonne avec deux This reduces the air pressure and saves about 2.7% on the separation energy compared to a double-column unit with two
20 vaporiseurs-condenseurs dans la colonne basse pression mais dans lesquels aucune déflegmation n'intervient. 20 vaporizers-condensers in the low pressure column but in which no dephlegmation occurs.
L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en faisant référence aux figures. La Figure 1 est un graphique montrant en abscisses la position en élévation dans le condenseur-rebouilleur de cuve, en ordonnées à gauche la The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the abscissa position in elevation in the vessel condenser-reboiler, in ordinate on the left the
25 température en °C, en ordonnées à droite la différence de température en °C entre les passages de réchauffement pour l'oxygène et les passages de refroidissement pour l'air. La Figure 2 montre une installation pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention. Temperature in ° C, the ordinate on the right the temperature difference in ° C between the oxygen heating passages and the cooling passages for the air. Figure 2 shows an installation for implementing the method according to the invention.
Dans la Figure 1, on observe que le premier liquide riche en oxygène 30 est envoyé par le haut du vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve à -182,5°C (par exemple, à 88% mol. 02). La partie qui se vaporise ressort par le haut à contre- courant. Le deuxième liquide riche en oxygène sort par le bas à -181,4°C (par ex à 95% mol. 02). Un gaz enrichi en azote par rapport au premier liquide riche en oxygène sort par le haut du vaporiseur-condenseur. Ainsi, une distillation a lieu dans l'échangeur, avec un nombre de plateaux théoriques supérieur à 2 mais au plus égal à 10, préférentiellement au plus égal à 5. In FIG. 1, it is observed that the first oxygen-rich liquid 30 is sent from the top of the vessel vaporizer-condenser at -182.5 ° C. (for example, at 88 mol% O 2). The vaporizing part comes out from above against the current. The second oxygen-rich liquid leaves the bottom at -181.4 ° C. (eg at 95 mol% O 2). A nitrogen-enriched gas with respect to the first oxygen rich liquid exits the top of the vaporizer-condenser. Thus, a distillation takes place in the exchanger, with a number of theoretical plates greater than 2 but at most equal to 10, preferably at most equal to 5.
L'air entre par le bas du vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve à -180,2°C et se condense partiellement en sortant entièrement par le haut du vaporiseurcondenseur à -180,9°C sous forme biphasique. Le liquide (sous forme de film ou de gouttelettes) est entraîné vers le haut grâce à une vitesse de gaz suffisante. La perte de charge qui est résulte n'est pas pénalisante pour l'écart minimal de l'échangeur, car l'écart minimal (ici 1,2°C) se situe vers les plateaux The air enters from the bottom of the vessel vaporizer-condenser at -180.2 ° C and partially condenses out entirely from the top of the vaporizer condenser at -180.9 ° C in biphasic form. The liquid (in the form of film or droplets) is driven upward by a sufficient gas velocity. The pressure loss that results is not detrimental to the minimum gap of the exchanger, because the minimum difference (here 1.2 ° C) is towards the trays
io théoriques du bas (soit au début de la condensation) et l'écart de température a tendance à s'écarter par la suite, ce qui permet de contrecarrer l'effet de la perte de charge. Aucune distillation n'a lieu du côté de l'air. Theoretical of the bottom (ie at the beginning of the condensation) and the temperature deviation tends to deviate thereafter, which makes it possible to counteract the effect of the pressure drop. No distillation takes place on the air side.
Dans la Figure 2, une installation de séparation comprend un compresseur 3, une unité d'épuration 5, un surpresseur 11, une turbine 31 et In Figure 2, a separation plant comprises a compressor 3, a purification unit 5, a booster 11, a turbine 31 and
15 une double colonne, avec une colonne moyenne pression 13 et une colonne basse pression 15. La colonne basse pression contient un vaporiseurcondenseur intermédiaire 19 et un vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve 17. A double column, with a medium pressure column 13 and a low pressure column 15. The low pressure column contains an intermediate condenser vaporizer 19 and a bottom condenser vaporizer 17.
De l'air 1 est envoyé au compresseur 3 et comprimé à une pression qui est substantiellement celle de la colonne moyenne pression 13. Des pressions Air 1 is sent to the compressor 3 and compressed to a pressure which is substantially that of the medium pressure column 13.
20 plus basses ou plus élevées peuvent être choisies. Ensuite l'air est épuré dans l'unité d'épuration 5 puis divisé en deux. Une partie 7 se refroidit dans la ligne d'échange 49 et est envoyée entièrement au vaporiseur-condenseur 17. Cet air 7 rentre par le bas du vaporiseur-condenseur de cuve 17 et soit s'y condense partiellement soit y est séparé. Dans le cas de la condensation partielle qui est 20 lower or higher can be chosen. Then the air is purified in the purification unit 5 and then divided into two. A part 7 cools in the exchange line 49 and is sent entirely to the vaporizer-condenser 17. This air 7 enters from the bottom of the vaporizer-condenser tank 17 and either partially condenses there or is separated there. In the case of partial condensation which is
25 celui illustré, un fluide biphasique est récupéré en haut du vaporiseurcondenseur 17 et envoyé sous cette forme à la colonne moyenne pression 13 en dessous de l'arrivée d'air liquide. The illustrated one, a biphasic fluid is recovered at the top of the condenser vaporizer 17 and sent in this form to the medium pressure column 13 below the liquid air inlet.
Dans le cas où le vaporiseur-condenseur fonctionne comme un déflegmateur pour l'air, un fluide enrichi en azote est produit en haut du In the case where the vaporizer-condenser functions as a dephlegmator for air, a nitrogen-enriched fluid is produced at the top of the
30 vaporiseur-condenseur 17 et un fluide enrichi en oxygène est récupéré en bas de celui-ci, les deux fluides étant ensuite envoyés à la colonne moyenne pression 13, sans être mélangés ou après avoir été mélangés. The vaporizer-condenser 17 and an oxygen-enriched fluid are recovered at the bottom thereof, the two fluids being then sent to the medium-pressure column 13 without being mixed or after being mixed.
Une autre partie 9 de l'air provenant de l'unité d'épuration 5 est surpressée dans un surpresseur 11 et envoyée à l'échangeur 49 puis ensuite à un vaporiseur externe 25 où elle se condense. L'air ainsi condensé est détendu dans une vanne 29 à la pression de la colonne moyenne pression 13 quelques plateaux théoriques au-dessus de la cuve de la colonne. Another portion 9 of air from the purification unit 5 is supercharged in a booster 11 and sent to the exchanger 49 and then to an external vaporizer 25 where it condenses. The air thus condensed is expanded in a valve 29 at the pressure of the medium pressure column 13 a few theoretical plates above the tank of the column.
Dans la colonne moyenne pression 13, l'air se sépare pour former un liquide enrichi en oxygène 41 et un gaz enrichi en azote. Le liquide enrichi en oxygène 41 est refroidi dans un sous-refroidisseur 21, détendu et envoyé à la colonne basse pression 15. De l'air liquide 39 est refroidi dans le sous-refroidisseur 21, détendu et envoyé à la colonne basse pression 15 à un niveau supérieur et de l'azote liquide de la tête de la colonne moyenne pression est refroidi dans le sous-refroidisseur 21, détendu et envoyé à tête de la colonne basse pression 15. De l'azote de la tête de la colonne basse pression 15 se réchauffe dans le sous-refroidisseur 21 et ensuite dans In the medium pressure column 13, the air separates to form an oxygen enriched liquid 41 and a nitrogen enriched gas. The oxygen-enriched liquid 41 is cooled in a subcooler 21, expanded and sent to the low-pressure column 15. Liquid air 39 is cooled in the subcooler 21, expanded and sent to the low-pressure column 15. a higher level and liquid nitrogen of the head of the medium pressure column is cooled in the subcooler 21, expanded and sent to the head of the low pressure column 15. Nitrogen of the head of the low pressure column 15 warms up in subcooler 21 and then in
15 l'échangeur 49 avant d'être rejeté à l'atmosphère comme azote résiduaire. Exchanger 49 before being discharged into the atmosphere as residual nitrogen.
De l'azote gazeux de la colonne moyenne pression 13 est divisé en deux et envoyé en partie au vaporiseur-condenseur intermédiaire 19 où il se condense avant d'être renvoyé à la colonne moyenne pression 13 et/ou à la colonne basse pression 15. Nitrogen gas from the medium pressure column 13 is divided in two and sent in part to the intermediate vaporizer-condenser 19 where it condenses before being returned to the medium pressure column 13 and / or to the low pressure column 15.
20 Le reste 33 de l'azote gazeux de la colonne moyenne pression 13 est réchauffé partiellement dans l'échangeur 49 puis détendu dans la turbine 31 qui fournit les frigories de l'installation. L'azote détendu est ensuite réchauffé dans l'échangeur 49 et utilisé pour la régénération de l'unité d'épuration 5. Si le débit est insuffisant, on peut prendre une partie 45 de l'azote résiduaire (à plus The remainder 33 of the nitrogen gas of the medium pressure column 13 is partially heated in the exchanger 49 and then expanded in the turbine 31 which supplies the frigories of the installation. The expanded nitrogen is then reheated in the exchanger 49 and used for the regeneration of the purification unit 5. If the flow rate is insufficient, one can take a portion 45 of the residual nitrogen (at most
25 basse pression) que l'on comprime dans une soufflante 45 pour le mélanger au débit turbiné. Low pressure) which is compressed in a blower 45 to mix with the turbined flow.
Le vaporiseur-condenseur 17 de cuve est un échangeur en aluminium à plaques et à ailettes brasées, par exemple de type vaporiseur à film. Dans ce cas, l'oxygène gazeux vaporisé dans le vaporiseur-condenseur ressort par le The vessel vaporizer-condenser 17 is a brazed plate and finned aluminum exchanger, for example of the film-type vaporizer type. In this case, the gaseous oxygen vaporized in the vaporizer-condenser comes out through the
30 haut du vaporiseur-condenseur, au lieu de sortir par le bas. On alimente le vaporiseur-condenseur 17 par le premier liquide enrichi par le haut, à l'aide d'une distribution adéquate, à partir du liquide provenant de la section de distillation située au dessus du vaporiseur-condenseur 17. 30 top of the vaporizer-condenser, instead of going out from below. The vaporizer-condenser 17 is fed by the first top-enriched liquid, with the aid of an adequate distribution, from the liquid coming from the distillation section situated above the vaporizer-condenser 17.
De l'oxygène liquide 22 ayant une pureté d'au plus 97,5% mol. d'oxygène, voire d'au plus 95 % mol. d'oxygène, est soutiré de la cuve de la colonne basse pression 15, pressurisé par une pompe 23 et envoyé à un vaporiseur 25. Un débit de purge 27 est soutiré du vaporiseur 25 et l'oxygène gazeux est réchauffé dans l'échangeur 49. Liquid oxygen 22 having a purity of at most 97.5 mol%. of oxygen, or even at most 95 mol%. oxygen, is withdrawn from the tank of the low pressure column 15, pressurized by a pump 23 and sent to a vaporizer 25. A purge flow 27 is withdrawn from the vaporizer 25 and the oxygen gas is heated in the exchanger 49 .
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0954804A FR2947898A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-10 | Air separation method, involves sending oxygen rich liquid from low pressure column to evaporator-condenser of tank, and extracting another oxygen rich liquid from lower part of condenser and nitrogen fluid from higher part of condenser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0954804A FR2947898A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-10 | Air separation method, involves sending oxygen rich liquid from low pressure column to evaporator-condenser of tank, and extracting another oxygen rich liquid from lower part of condenser and nitrogen fluid from higher part of condenser |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2947898A1 true FR2947898A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0954804A Withdrawn FR2947898A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-10 | Air separation method, involves sending oxygen rich liquid from low pressure column to evaporator-condenser of tank, and extracting another oxygen rich liquid from lower part of condenser and nitrogen fluid from higher part of condenser |
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| Country | Link |
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| FR (1) | FR2947898A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103575064A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-02-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for oxygen and nitrogen separation through air and rapid increase of pressure nitrogen loads |
| CN104776685A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-07-15 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Method and system for preparing low-oxygen liquid nitrogen |
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| CN103575064A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-02-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for oxygen and nitrogen separation through air and rapid increase of pressure nitrogen loads |
| CN103575064B (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2015-10-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of air separation oxygen nitrogen increases the device and method of pressure nitrogen gas load fast |
| CN104776685A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-07-15 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Method and system for preparing low-oxygen liquid nitrogen |
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