FR2888893A1 - Gaseous and liquid fluids compression device e.g. liquid pump, has rectangular bearing rotating around axis of crankshaft to transform rotational movement into alternating movement, and bearings and rollers placed between bearing and part - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has short and long pistons that are displaced opposite to each other. A rectangular bearing (5) rotates around an axis of a crankshaft (1) so that horizontal and vertical axes of the bearing are parallel to each other, for transforming rotational movement into an alternating movement. Bearings (4, 8) and rollers are placed between an excentric part (3) and the bearing (5), for transforming a rotational movement into a double alternating movement. Elementary pistons (21, 33, 57,60) are provided in each of cylinders. Valves are provided whose shape and weight are modified.

Description

2888893 1

  The present invention relates to a device for compressing gaseous fluids and pumping liquids in one or more stages, with total equilibration and quasi-linear flow, of the fluid in the valves, and in the manufacture, as a principle movement, of combustion engines. gas and combustion.

  The compression of fluids, especially gaseous, is traditionally performed by a system: crankshaft, connecting rod, cylinder, piston, cylinder head, metal flaps, each piston operating in a cylinder. Balancing is best achieved by empirical and experimental means that do not completely eliminate vibrations.

  The device according to the invention is to overcome these disadvantages. It comprises for this purpose: a housing, a crankshaft, one or more cylinders, bearings, one or more yokes, known types, but, according to a first feature, the rod or rods are removed. To transform a rotary motion into an alternating motion, a combination of eccentrics or crankpin is used, a rectangular piece which rotates about the axis of the crankshaft but not around its own axis so that its horizontal and vertical axes always remain parallel to themselves, and this by the play of a bearing or circular bearing placed between the eccentric and the rectangular part, and finally a second bearing or ball bearing, needles or rollers placed between the rectangular piece and two flanges, which thus transform the rotary movement into a double reciprocating movement with perfectly sinusoidal velocity, in each cylinder are two elementary pistons and the valves are deeply modified in their shape and in their weight.

  In this device, with the exception of the valves, everything is pure rotation or linear displacement at full sinusoidal speed of two opposite movements and on the same axis, which neutralize themselves in vibrations subject to equal weight. These two movements lead to a balancing that can be perfect.

  The crankshaft is of the classic type, with eccentrics or crank pins working by two or three diametrically opposed; for three, one on one side and two on the other. The eccentrics are cut in the mass or retracted on an axis. The eccentrics or crank pin cranks rotate around the axis of the crankshaft, via a bearing, a rectangular piece with broken corners if one uses sliding bearings on the cylinder side, or rounded bearings; but by turning around the axis of the crankshaft, this piece keeps its own axes always parallel to themselves.

  The said rectangular piece, when it is rounded corners, is placed inside a ball bearing, needles or rolls of shape not circular but rectangular rounded corners also. The outer lateral sides of this bearing are secured laterally to the rectangular part driven by the eccentrics. The rectilinear outer edges, cylinder side, of this bearing are fixed inside the rectangle, cylinder side, formed by the two flanges which join a piston of each cylinder. Piston-cylinder side, this bearing works on these two sides by pulling and pushing the pistons, which they sound solidarity, of a perfectly sinusoidal way in speed, and as they are shifted of 180 degrees, with each return, it there is aspiration and compression. On the other hand, the lateral sides of the rectangular bearing move but do not work and allow the balls, needles or rollers to traverse the two lateral sides, guided by the two lateral pieces that are secured laterally to the rectangular piece with rounded corners, and which pushing the edge of the end of their rounded, balls, needles or rollers and by their rounded, force them to change direction around the rectangular bearing. And that at every corner of the rectangular roll.

  The elementary pistons are joined two by two from one cylinder to the other by two flanges: the outside together and the interiors together to finally constitute only two full pistons, one long and one short, each consisting of four parts: two pistons elementary with their segment, and two junctions each comprising an axis and a half drive rectangle, driven by eccentrics or crank pins arranged at 180 degrees on the crankshaft. However, in the short piston, the elementary piston and the flange associated therewith may be one piece and the movement occurs within these two pistons. Thus the two elementary pistons of each cylinder approach and move away from each other at each turn, creating a displacement that has the diameter of the diameter of the cylinders and for displacement double the stroke created by the crank pins or eccentric . This is the cubic capacity of the first floor. The outer elementary pistons move away from and approach the valve plate or the cylinder head, if the valves are placed laterally, because in this case the cylinder head is no more than a plug, thus creating suction and discharge, it is the second floor.

  To balance the compression ratios of each of the stages, the cylinders can have different diameters.

  The valves may be conventional, it is nevertheless possible to use valves of other materials, and of different shapes, which have qualities of weight, shape and flow of gas much better than what exists. Those used here have certain advantages over what exists. The shutter valve itself may be made of metal or composite, like Teflon or others, it may be spherical, toric, solid or hollow, circular around its axis, or circular or other circular section around the cylinder or its axis, or right. In all cases, there is a perforated sheet folded to the desired shape to limit the stroke of the valve and freely let the air sucked or repressed. Whatever its shape, this type of valve is reversible for suction and delivery. They can take a large number of shapes and sizes depending on whether they are placed in a valve plate, in the pistons or on the periphery of the cylinders. Depending on the final pressure that is desired in each of the cylinders, one can have in the same cylinder elementary pistons of different diameters to change the compression ratio and the heating of each stage. Moreover, it is advantageous to have between each stage a roughly identical compression rate with good cooling between the two stages so as not to exceed the temperature limit of use of the product used for the shut-off valve.

  On the same eccentric or crankpin, one can place several bearings and rectangular pieces with rounded corners, for four, six or more cylinders. The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the crankshaft of the invention. Only the cut parts are represented.

  Figure 2 shows in section along the axis of the crankshaft device of the invention.

  Figure 3 shows a variant of Figure 2, with two eccentric instead of three.

  Figure 4 shows a valve with a spherical shutter. In the top view, the perforated grid has been removed.

  Figures 5 and 6 show various non-exclusive shapes of recessed valves.

  Fig. 7 shows a circular flap which can be placed in a flapper plate or around a cylinder.

  Figure 8 shows a straight valve.

  Figure 9 shows two circular flaps, one suction, the other discharge, placed around a cylinder.

  Figure 10 shows two circular flaps in parallel around the cylinder.

  Referring to these drawings, the device comprises according to Figure 1: a housing (51) integral or assembled, Figure 1 represents cast assemblies, two cylinders (269) and (52) diametrically opposed, extended by two other cylinders (27) and (53) integrally foundry or reported by pins and bolts, Figure 1 represents them assembled by a pin (72) and bolt not shown in the figure, according to the valve mode that we wants to adopt.

  The elementary pistons (21), (33), (57) and (60) support the sealing (25) and guiding segments (24). They are hollowed out in (34) for lightening. The elementary pistons (33) and (57) can be made in two parts for this purpose. Two flanges (10) and (13) extended by shafts (14) and (18) integral with them, cover the rounded rectangular bearing (5) and the shafts (14) and (18) pass respectively through the pistons ( 21) and (60), which are provided with sealing segments (19) and (20). The shafts (14) and (18) must be cylindrical. They can be made of aluminum alloy like the entire flange, and sheathed by a seamless tube of steel or other metal to withstand the friction of the sealing rings (19) and (20) retained by washers (82). ) and (83) Figure 3. All of these parts: elementary pistons (33) and (57) and flanges (10) and (13), assembled along the axis of the cylinder on the one hand and in (11) and (17) on the other hand, form what we will call the long piston.

  Similarly, the two elementary pistons (21) and (60) are connected in an identical manner, but the elementary pistons (21) and (60) and their flanges are integral with the foundry. The flange shaft does not need to be circular. All these parts assembled as the previous form what we will call the short piston.

  It is imperative for balancing that the long piston and the short piston are of the same weight, or as close as possible to them and that the eccentric pieces (3), rounded corner rectangle (5), bearings (4) and (8) and ball guides (7) and (12), which are rotated about the axis of the crankshaft (1) are balanced, whether there are two or three eccentrics. As the eccentrics and rectangular piece (5) of the long piston and the short piston are diametrically opposed one can ensure that by their respective weights, they balance in rotation.

  A crankshaft (1) drives by one or more keys (2), or grooved shaft, or other known method, one or more eccentric (3) separated by retaining plates (68) and (70) Figure 2 to maintain the balls, needles or rolls in their location.

  In FIG. 1, the eccentric (3) drives, in rotation, not around its axis but around the axis of the crankshaft (1), the rectangular piece with rounded corners (5) which, by the bearing (4), can keep its horizontal and vertical axes, always parallel to themselves, all the points of the part (5) describing a circle whose radius is equal to the eccentricity: center of the crankshaft, center of the eccentric.

  Between each of the cylinder-side faces of the part (5) and (10) on the one hand, and (5) and (13) on the other hand, a plate of any thickness of a rubbing product (9) is placed and (54), immobilized by a known method so that the rectangular piece (5) can slide relative to the flange (10) on one side and (13) on the other.

  The two sets are mounted in eccentric opposition on the crankshaft (1), they move in opposition in the cylinders (26) and (27), so they come closer and move away at each half turn. There is aspiration and repression each half turn. In a half turn there is suction for example in the rooms (41) and (42), which are one in reality, it is the first floor and simultaneously there is compression in the room (35) it's the second floor. In the second half turn on the contrary, the chambers (41) and (42) compress and the chamber (35) sucks.

  The sliding of the rectangular part (5) can be replaced by a bearing 30 composed of balls, needles or rollers.

  The rectangular bearing (8) is composed of the rectangular piece (5), hardened and ground or a hard rectangular ring, which matches the contour, not shown in the figure, of two pieces (7) and (12) which are laterally secured to the rectangular piece with rounded corners (5) by a known method and two other hard parts (9) and (54) replacing the friction parts mentioned above, not integral with the rest of the bearing but 2888893 6 fixed to the bottom of each of the flanges (10) and (13) by a known method. Between the rectangular piece (5) or the hard rectangular ring which surrounds the contour, and the flanges (7) and (12), and the hard parts (9) and (54) are placed balls, needles or rollers contiguous or in a very flexible cage, and adjust the play or tightening, if necessary, by means of wedges or scraping at the joints of the axes (11) and (17) For a single cylinder the axes of the pistons of the missing cylinder must be guided in a bore adapted to the dimensions of the axes and comprise at their end a suitable balancing mass.

  Each cylinder may be one-piece or two-part (26) and (27) for example, to facilitate the machining of the valve locations. They are assembled after the mounting of the valves, with pin and assembly by screw or bolt near the air inlets and outlets (28) and (29) not shown in the figures.

  FIG. 3 is a variant of FIG. 2. It represents the crankshaft, eccentric and piston assembly with two axis eccentrics (76) and (77), slightly offset with respect to the axis (75) of the cylinders and pistons one on the right, the other on the left. This kind of mounting can be useful in direct couplings with motors.

  Figure 1 has two cylinders in opposition, but can be placed any number in number and opposition by increasing the diameter of the housing.

  Plate 4 represents the constitution and assembly of the valves.

  Figure 4 shows in section and in plan view, perforated sheet removed, an elementary valve.

  (87) represents the body of the valve, (85) the suction or discharge air inlet, (89) the circular inclined plane where the valve closes to seal it, (90) the valve itself which in the case of Figure 4 is a metal sphere, or better, composite material lighter, quieter and more sealed, or Teflon pure or loaded. The use of these composites is made possible by the fact that the compressor is two-stage with a very serious cooling between the two stages. In order to equalize the compression ratios, and therefore the compression temperature rise, the cylinders (52) and (53), on the one hand, and (52) and (53), on the other hand, are two parts, they can be of different diameters. It is important that the temperature of the fluids 2888893 7 at the exit of the compression not exceed that of the normal use of the composite used.

  (91) shows a perforated and formed sheet, crimped at (88) which holds the composite sphere at the end of the opening stroke.

  This type of valve is used for both suction and discharge. It can be returned by force in a bore made in the valve support plate or even machined directly in this plate.

  Figures 5 and 6 show valves of hollow valves of non-limiting forms.

  Figure 7 shows a circular valve, circular section that can be integrated in a plate suction valve or discharge or around a cylinder for the same offices (reversibility).

  Figure 8 shows a rectilinear valve with shutter circular section. Figure 9 shows a suction valve and an exhaust valve placed in juxtaposition on the side of a cylinder. The gas is sucked along the arrow (94), follows the arrow (95) to enter and exit the cylinder and restart compressed according to the arrow (93).

  Figure 10 shows two discharge valves placed in parallel on the side of the cylinder, that to increase the gas passage area or decrease the shutter stroke, or both at the same time.

  The valves can be placed in a valve support plate placed between cylinder and cylinder head for suction and delivery, in the pistons for suction and for suction and discharge on the sides of the cylinders. They may be spherical cylindrical or other cylindrical, solid or recessed, circular with respect to their axis, or relative to the axis of the cylinders .. All must have a perforated sheet and formed to limit their travel and facilitate their closure, and a spring, corrugated for example and very thin, placed between the perforated plate and the composite shutter for the same pattern, and not shown in the figures for clarity of the drawings.

  Some composites and teflon, have a very slight elasticity and can be placed as an exhaust valve all around the cylinder as represented by the valve (30) figure 1, but always with the perforated plate as stroke limiter and the return spring .

  The rounded parts (7) and (12) have at their ends (55) an edge 35 which captures the balls, needles or rollers to change their direction. These edges of (7) and (12) move with the piece (5) along the pieces (9) with 2888893 8 minimum play; but without rubbing them. With two cylinders as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, we can work with two stages, but if we place four cylinders, we can combine the inputs and outputs of the air to work in 1, 2, 3 and even 4 floors with cooling between each floor.

  For the production of compressed air at 8 or 12 bar of use, and a good distribution of the compression ratio, these compressors can operate without oil thanks to sealed bearings and composite materials working at 260 and even 280 degrees Celsius. If the assembly requires lubrication, the two cylinders are placed horizontally and at the bottom of the casing, a small oil reservoir is created; by bubbling, the system is fed with oil.

  A valve plate may be placed between the cylinders (41) and (42) not shown in the sealed seal, suction inlet and discharge outlet figures.

  The cylinders can be separated from the casing by a partition traversed by the axes of the long and short pistons, the axis of the long piston passing inside that of the short piston, sealing being ensured by segments, O-rings or lip or others. Not shown in the figure.

  The device according to the invention is particularly intended for the manufacture of air compressors, but also of liquid pumps and in general to compress or move any liquid or gaseous fluids. The motion movement of circular motion in reciprocating motion can find applications in thermal engines.

Claims (7)

  1) Device for compressing gaseous fluids, characterized in that the transformation of the rotary drive movement in reciprocating movement is obtained by a square or rectangular intermediate piece (5) Figure 1, placed between crankshaft and piston.   2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the long pistons and short pistons move in opposition and thus fully balance. 3) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that in a cylinder (26) has one or two diameters (26) and (27) to adjust the compression ratio and the temperature rise in compression.   4) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the piece (5) communicates reciprocating movement to the two flanges (10) and (13), so to the pistons, by friction or by means of a rectangular bearing (8) with broken or rounded corners.   5) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the valves are constituted by composite materials or by Teflon pure or armed with closure on oblique plane, promoting the flow of gas.   6) Device according to claim 4 characterized in that the already very low stroke of these valves, is limited by a perforated plate (91) and immobilized. 7) Device according to claim 4 characterized in that these valves take very different forms, to be placed either: valve plate between two cylinders, between cylinder and cylinder head, in the pistons or on the outer walls of the cylinders.