FR2851832A1 - Method for measuring the work of a road laying machine, comprises the continuous collection and transmission to external station of data relating to machine position and delivery of bitumen and gravel - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine (1) has a chassis (11) on wheels (111) and stores gravel and a binding material such as bitumen in containers (100,7). The position of the machine at any time and a range of data relating to the bitumen and gravel laying (600,5,400) such as gravel pressure on a distribution plate, bitumen pressure and temperature and bitumen pump speed are continuously collected and sent (60,71) to a separate monitoring station (70) : An independent claim is also included for : A machine equipped to surface a road which also has facilities to collect data on machine position, time and bitumen and gravel spreading and also to store the data, interrogate it and send results to a remote monitoring station.

Description

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the treatment carried out by

  a mobile machine for spreading at least one coating component on a roadway.

  One field of application of the invention relates to machines 5 for spreading aggregates such as gravel or gravel but also machines called "bi-spreaders" making it possible, in a single pass, to carry out the projection of a hot, liquid binder, such as a bitumen emulsion, on the road, then almost immediately after spreading gravel on the binder.

  These spreading machines are used for the first realization of a coating on the road or for its subsequent repair.

  Because of the significant costs associated with the use of these spreading machines, both the company having carried out the work and its client wish to be able to exercise control over the quality of the work carried out on the roadway.

  Thus, the pavement finished to be treated by the machine is for example inspected by a person responsible for exercising a quality control and compliance with the specifications which had been prescribed.

  However, very often a visual or other inspection of the pavement 20 finished to be treated does not make it possible to know the exact conditions under which the component or components of the coating have been deposited by the spreading machine on the pavement. In addition, it is difficult for a person going to the scene to realize all the imperfections that may exist in the coating produced.

  The invention aims to obtain a method for monitoring the treatment carried out by a mobile spreading machine and a mobile spreading machine implementing this tracking method, which overcomes the drawbacks of the state of the art and provides assistance. quality control.

  To this end, a first object of the invention is a method for monitoring the treatment carried out by a mobile machine for spreading at least one coating component on a floor, the machine comprising at least one member for measuring at least one quantity characteristic of spreading, characterized in that - in at least one acquisition step, a measurement value is determined by the measuring device in an acquisition instant occurring during spreading of said characteristic quantity of the spreading, a geographic module of the machine is determined by a module provided on the machine at the time of acquisition, and spreading data are recorded in a memory of the machine comprising in association the geographic location determined by the module of the machine and the measurement value determined by the measurement device for the acquisition time, - then, after the acquisition step, the memory is interrogated and 15 tra nsmits the spreading data to a fixed data processing station, which is separate from the machine.

  Thanks to the invention, the traceability of the coating is improved. With precision near the location module, information on the spreading conditions can be obtained at the location of the roadway for which a location has been determined. Information is provided to the user, which is made less empirical, more precise and more faithful to real conditions. The invention makes it possible to have a reliable rendering of the work carried out, avoiding a person having to go later on site to control it.

  In addition, if the user keeps the transmitted data, this will be an additional source of information for the user for the maintenance of the paved road. For example, this information will help him for the subsequent repair of the coating, when it is worn or damaged.

  In addition, it is possible to know the successive treatments carried out on the same road section, by interrogating the corresponding successive data, recorded at each treatment.

  According to other characteristics of the invention, which are not limiting: - the acquisition instant is recorded in the memory in association with the determined geographical location and the determined measurement value; - several acquisition steps are planned at acquisition instants occurring at regular time intervals; the variation in the measurement value supplied by the measurement device is monitored after the last acquisition step in order to detect whether this variation exceeds a predetermined threshold of variation with respect to the measurement value present in the data d spreading associated with the last acquisition step, and, if the threshold for variation of the measurement value is exceeded, a new acquisition step is executed; an acquisition step is executed when the actuation of a command on the machine is detected; - the measurement value supplied by the measurement device is monitored after the last acquisition step to detect whether this measurement value exceeds a predetermined measurement alarm threshold, and, if the alarm threshold is exceeded , a corresponding alarm 20 provided on the machine is triggered and a new acquisition step is executed, in which, in the spreading data, is recorded, in association with the determined geographic location and the determined measurement value, information corresponding to the triggering of said alarm; said geographic location of the machine is determined by a GPS module provided on the machine; or said geographic location of the machine is determined by temporal integration of an instantaneous measurement value of the speed of movement of the machine, provided by a speed measurement means provided on the machine; - the spreading data are transmitted to the operating station by a wireless link; - the wireless link is a GSM type link, radio waves or satellite; - or the spreading data is transmitted to the fixed operating station by a wired link; - the spreading data are transmitted to the operating station by electronic messaging or by short message of the SMS type or in the form of a text file; - automatic tracking is displayed on a geographic map of the operating station, which is determined from 10 data associated with a geographic location in the spreading data transmitted, in a geographic location on the map, which corresponds to said geographic location; the tracking information is determined from the alarm triggering information associated with said geographic location in the spreading data transmitted; - for a mobile machine for spreading gravel and binder as constituents of the coating, the measurement member is at least one of the members chosen from the group formed by (a) a gravel impact sensor leaving gravel extractor means stored in a means for storing the machine towards the ground, the impact sensor providing a value of impact force of the gravel, (b) a distance sensor providing a height of a ramp binder dispensing machine in relation to the ground, 2 5 (c) a control of the number of open binder jet nozzles in the binder distribution ramp, (d) a pressure sensor in the binder distribution ramp , (e) a soil temperature sensor, (f) an air temperature sensor; (G) a binder temperature sensor, (h) a machine speed sensor, (i) a speed sensor of at least one binder delivery pump means for storing binder towards the binder distribution ramp; - There is provided a measuring member formed by a sensor of the ground temperature comprising an infrared sensor directed towards the ground to obtain a measurement of its temperature; - There is provided a measuring member formed by a sensor of the speed of movement of the machine comprising a radar; - there is provided a measuring member formed by a sensor of the speed of rotation of at least one binder pump, comprising at least one encoder incremented by the rotation of said pump; - Recording in the spreading data qualitative and / or quantitative data relating to said at least one coating component spread by the machine.

  A second object of the invention is a mobile machine for spreading at least one coating component on a roadway for the implementation of the monitoring method as described above, the machine comprising at least one measuring member. at least one quantity characteristic of spreading, characterized in that the machine also comprises a memory, a module for geographic location of the machine, control means for causing data to be recorded in the memory spreading comprising in association the geographical location determined by the module for at least one acquisition instant and the measurement value determined by the measurement member for the acquisition instant, and means for interrogating the memory and for transmitting spreading data to a fixed data processing station, which is separate from the machine.

  For example, this machine includes means for spreading gravel and binder as constituents of the coating.

  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended drawings, in which: - Figure 1 shows schematically in side view the rear of a spreading machine, - Figure 2 shows schematically an implementation of the monitoring method according to the invention on the spreading machine, and - Figure 3 shows schematically the transfer of spreading data from the machine to a station operating them.

  In what follows, the invention is described with reference to a machine 1 spreading in a single pass of binder then gravel, or "two-spreader" mentioned above. Of course, the invention applies to any other type of spreading machine in the field of public works, the spreading materials can be any aggregate, any binder or any material constituting a pavement or sand.

  The spreading machine usually comprises a frame 11 on which is mounted a refillable container for storing one or all the constituents of the coating to be deposited on the road, at least one receptacle being provided for each constituent, and in the case of the 2o two-spreader , a binder tank 7 and a container 100 of gravel.

  The chassis 11 is mounted on wheels 111 so that it can be moved independently in the case of a self-propelled truck chassis or in a towed manner in the case of a trailer chassis coupled to a tractor vehicle.

  At the rear of the frame 11 is a device for distributing and distributing the gravel horizontally in width from the gravel container towards the roadway, which is for example of the type described below with reference to FIG. 1.

  In front of this gravel distribution and distribution device is provided a horizontal ramp 600, arranged in the width direction to distribute binder towards the ground. This ramp 600 includes nozzles 601 for projecting binder towards the ground, which are connected by pipes to one or more binder pumps supplied by the tank.

  When the spreading machine is moved from rear to front, in direction h in FIG. 1, gravel is therefore spread over 5 of the binder which has just been deposited on the roadway. Reference is made to the patent application published under the number FR-A-2 822 171 for a machine for spreading binder and gravel such as that described above.

  In addition, the user of the machine can control on a desk 10 by appropriate means the opening and closing of each nozzle, to make it project or not binder towards the ground. The number of open nozzles is therefore measured by the position taken by this command on the console, this command therefore being a member 2 for measuring this number of open nozzles.

  The machine 1 also includes, as a measurement member, a gravel impact sensor 3 leaving gravel extracting means stored in a storage means of the machine towards the ground, the impact sensor providing a force value impacts of gravel, as described below with reference to Figure 1.

  In FIG. 1, the machine 1 comprises as a gravel container a hopper 100 for storing gravel G which, in this case, consists of a tilting bucket of parallelepiped shape. It is articulated at the rear end of the chassis 11 of the machine 1 caused to move on the roadway R. The hopper 100 has, at its rear wall, a slot-shaped opening (not shown) arranged horizontally and transversely. Movable extractor means 200 are associated with this opening 110. This is a rotary roller, with a transverse and horizontal axis XX ′ which rotates clockwise, so as to extract the 30 gravel from the bucket 100 and distribute them on the roadway. In an embodiment not shown, this roller 200 could be replaced by a movable endless conveyor belt.

  The bucket is also equipped with a series of juxtaposed shutter flaps with movable flap, not shown, which can be selectively controlled independently of one another to allow or prevent the flow of gravel out of the hopper through 5 the opening 11 0. As is well known, the flaps are sectors in the shape of an arc of a cylinder, a shape suitable for driving out gravel during the closing and opening movements of the flap and for preventing jamming.

  Depending on the width and orientation of the fraction of roadway to be treated, the opening of a specific hatch or a group of hatches is selected which, in a subsequent repair step, can be possibly closed. In the case where the repair is to be carried out over a large width, then all the hatches are opened.

  The machine 1 is equipped with at least one force sensor 3 which is located on the path of the flow F of gravel leaving the extractor means 200. In other words, the sensor (s) 3 is (are) arranged so as to interfere with the flow F. In the embodiment shown here, the sensor 3 is associated with a table 300 for receiving gravel, which consists of a plate 20 arranged transversely and inclined relative to the vertical. This table 300, which can occupy the entire width of the machine 1, can be in one piece or in several parts. In the latter case, a sensor 3 can be associated with each part.

  The sensor 3 is able to measure the impact force of the gravel G 25 which pours onto the table 300. The measured value can be a result of this force and that generated by their flow. The measured value is directly proportional to the flow of gravel G leaving the bucket 100. As a purely indicative, a strain gauge force sensor from the company HBM, sold under the commercial reference PW 30 10/50 kg is perfectly suitable.

  The sensor continuously delivers an analog electric voltage corresponding to a signal S, (in the example of the sensor mentioned above, a voltage between 0 and 10 V). A second-degree polynomial gives the correspondence between the signal S and the flow rate Q of gravel G leaving the bucket 100, according to the following equation: Q = (Ax S2) + (B x S) + C in which A, B and C are constants.

  The measured flow values can be displayed on a screen located in the driving cabin of the machine 1, or at the rear of the latter, for example at a platform not shown, which overhangs the roller 200. Thanks to at this gravel impact sensor 3, the operators 10 can know in real time the value of the gravel flow distributed.

  If necessary, they can intervene to adjust or vary this flow rate, for example by modifying the speed of movement of the mobile extractor means 200, that is to say their speed of rotation in the case of the roller 200. Means can be associated with the impact sensor 3 of 15 gravel, to automatically vary, as necessary, said flow. It may, for example, be electronic means with a computer.

  The machine 1 is moreover equipped with at least one deflector disposed between the sensor 3 and the roadway, and for example two deflectors arranged one below the other in the direction of movement of the flow F of gravel. The first 400 consists of a flap for distributing the gravel, while the second 5 consists of a simple plate. They are arranged relative to each other to successively give the flow F of opposite successive directions.

  As shown in FIG. 2, other measuring devices of the characteristic quantities of spreading are provided: - a distance sensor 4 providing a height of the binder distribution ramp of the machine relative to the ground, - a sensor 6 for pressure in the binder distribution ramp, - a sensor 8 for the air temperature, 30 - a sensor 10 for the temperature of the binder in the tank, - a sensor 12 for the speed of rotation binder sending pump (s).

  The binder pump speed sensor 12 includes, for example, an encoder incremented by the rotation of a wheel itself driven by the pump via a connecting belt.

  In addition, there is provided an infrared sensor 14 directed towards the ground to obtain a measurement of its temperature. Any other sensor 14 of the soil temperature can of course be provided.

  Another measuring member is formed by a sensor 16 of the speed of movement of the machine from the front to the rear. This speed sensor 16 uses for example the response of a radar fixed to the chassis during the movement of the machine.

  Of course, one, several or all of the aforementioned measuring members can be provided on the spreading machine.

  A module 30 is provided on the spreading machine to locate it during spreading. This location module is for example formed by a GPS module. As a variant, the module 30 determines the location using a computer provided on the machine and integrates temporally the instantaneous measurement value of the speed of movement of the machine, supplied by the sensor 16 of speed of movement.

  An interface showing the measurement values to the user of the machine, for example on a display screen, is provided for example on his dashboard.

  Means are provided for transmitting, in an instant of acquisition, the measurements supplied by one, more or all of the measurement devices 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 mentioned above to a unit central processing unit 40 via, for example, a data transfer computer bus 42.

  At this instant of acquisition, the geographic location of the machine is also determined by the sensor, which is sent by the data transfer bus 42 to the central processing unit 40.

  The measurement values and the location thus obtained are recorded in an associated manner by the central processing unit 40 in an interrogable memory 50, provided on the machine. The data il recorded in the memory 50 are called spreading data.

  The recording takes place without the value of the acquisition instant or with the value of the acquisition instant (for example date and time), which is provided by a clock.

  In addition, the spreading data may also include qualitative and / or quantitative data relating to one or more constituents of the coating spread by the machine, such as for example their dosage (dosage of binder and gravel in the example of a two-spreader), the type of one or more constituents of the coating 10 spread by the machine. These data are for example entered beforehand by the user in the memory 50 by an appropriate interface.

  Several spreading data records are made in the memory, for several successive acquisition instants determined in advance, for example periodic. In an exemplary embodiment, the period of acquisition instants is fifteen minutes.

  Spread data records can also be made when a specific event is detected. This event is for example the exceeding by a measurement value of a variation threshold imposed in advance by the user by an appropriate interface. The central processing unit 40 monitors whether this overrun takes place and those for the measured values supplied by one, more or all of the measuring devices. As a variant or in addition, this event can be the actuation by the user of a control of the machine, such as a control for starting or stopping the spreading, a control for dosing one of several or all of the components of the coating, these commands being monitored by the central processing unit 40. The user imposes in advance the choice of acquisition times predetermined and / or imposed by the detection of an event, the first possibility being imposed by default.

  As a variant or in addition, alarm thresholds are imposed for one, several or all of the measurement values supplied by the measurement devices. The alarm thresholds are determined in advance on an interface by the user or take default values. These alarm thresholds correspond, for example, to quality thresholds imposed by specifications. When the central processing unit 40 detects that a measurement value exceeds its associated alarm threshold, a corresponding alarm 5 is triggered on the machine to warn the user that he must correct one of the commands of the machine Or other. On each detection of an alarm threshold being exceeded, a new step of acquiring spreading data is executed by the central processing unit 40 in the memory 50, this spreading data comprising in this case corresponding information. when the alarm is triggered.

  After the acquisition step or steps described above, the spreading data contained in the memory 50 are read by the central processing unit 40, when an interrogation command is actuated by the user. This interrogation command is for example actuated once the spreading work of the machine has been completed, at the work site or when the machine is returned to a shed at the end of the day.

  Means 60 for transmitting the spreading data read from the memory 50 intended for a fixed data processing station 70, separate and remote from the machine, are provided on the machine. The fixed operating station is formed for example by a computer.

  The transmission of the spreading data read is carried out for example by a wireless link, the transmission means comprising for example a transmitter 70 with antenna communicating with a receiver 25 71 with antenna connected to the operating station 70, as shown in FIG. 2. The wireless link is of the GSM type using the existing cellular radiotelephony network, or of the radio wave type connecting the transmitter 70 directly to the receiver 71, or passes through an existing telecommunications satellite.

  As a variant, the transmission of the spreading data read is carried out by a cable connecting the transmission means 60 to the operating station 70.

  The spreading data read is transmitted to the fixed operating station 70 by electronic messaging or by short message of the SMS type or in the form of a text file.

  The fixed operating station 70 includes in memory a geographic map 5 that the user 72 can view on its screen 73. In addition, the fixed operating station 70 calculates tracking information from spreading data that it has received from the machine 1. This tracking information is representative for example of the measurement values, and / or alarm triggering information, and / or the qualitative and / or quantitative data present in the spreading data. received, that is to say more generally data associated with the geographic locations present in the spreading data received.

  The tracking information (s) are, for example, a coloring in red in the presence of alarm triggering information, i5 accompanied by a display of the measurement value that triggered the alarm, and a coloring in green in the absence of alarm triggering information in the spreading data corresponding to an acquisition time. As a variant or in addition, the tracking information (s) is a digital display of values.

  The tracking information is displayed on the geographic map at a position corresponding to the geographic location associated with the data it represents. For example, if three locations A, B, C on the roadway associated with three different values TA, TB, TC of binder temperature have been acquired on the machine for three groups of spreading data acquired in three acquisition moments different, and are transmitted to station 70, the numerical value of TA will be restored at point A on the map, the numerical value of TB will be restored at point B on the map, and the numerical value of TC will be restored at point C on the map, or a color scale will be used to represent the value of the temperatures at these points on the map.

  The monitoring method described above is implemented for example by software installed on the machine 1 and by corresponding software installed on the operating station 70.

  In the exemplary embodiment providing for the recording of the 5 acquisition instants in the spreading data, the time parameter deduced from these acquisition instants can also be used on the station 70 to establish billing data for the work carried out. by machine.

  Furthermore, the operating station 70 can be the recipient of the spreading data of a fleet of spreading machines 1.

  The use of the spreading data of machine 1 on the station does not exclude the use of certain measured values on machine 1 itself. For example, a ticket or a notice giving an account of the spreading work, when the spreading operation is finished on the machine, is printed by appropriate means 9 on the machine 1. This ticket gives information on the surface covered on the ground by the coating and the volume of material consumed by the machine for depositing this coating, this information being calculated automatically from the values of the number of open nozzles, the speed of movement of the machine and the speed of rotation of the binder pump (s), supplied by the measuring bodies 2, 16, 12 described above.

Claims (21)

  1. Method for monitoring the treatment carried out by a mobile machine (1) for spreading at least one coating component on a pavement, the machine (1) comprising at least one member (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) for measuring at least one quantity characteristic of spreading, characterized in that - in at least one acquisition step, the member (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) of a measurement instantaneous acquisition occurring during spreading, a measurement value of said quantity characteristic of spreading, it is determined by a module (30 ) provided on the machine (1), a geographic location of the machine (1) at the time of acquisition, and recording, in a memory (50) of the machine (1), spreading data comprising in association of the geographic location determined by the module (30) of the machine (1) and the measurement value determined by the measuring device (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) for the moment of acquisition isition, - then, after the acquisition step, the memory (50) is interrogated and the spreading data is transmitted to a station (70) fixed data processing station, which is distinct from the machine (1) .   2. Monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that the acquisition time is recorded in the memory (50) in association with the determined geographic location and the determined measurement value.   3. Monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several acquisition steps are provided at acquisition instants occurring at regular 3o time intervals.   4. Monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the variation in the measurement value supplied by the member is monitored (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 , 16) of measurement after the last acquisition step to detect if this variation exceeds a predetermined threshold of variation with respect to the measurement value present in the spreading data associated with the last acquisition step, 5 and, in if the threshold for variation of the measurement value is exceeded, a new acquisition step is executed.   5. Monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an acquisition step is carried out when the actuation of a command on the machine (1) is detected.   6. Monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement value supplied by the member is monitored (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) measurement after the last acquisition step to detect if this measurement value exceeds a predetermined measurement alarm threshold, and, if the alarm threshold is exceeded, a corresponding alarm provided on the machine is triggered (1) and a new acquisition step is executed, in which the spreading data is recorded in association with the determined geographic location and the determined measurement value information corresponding to the triggering of said 2o alarm.   7. Tracking method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said geographic location of the machine (1) is determined by a GPS module (30) provided on the machine (1).   8. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said geographic location of the machine (1) is determined by temporal integration of an instantaneous measurement value of the speed of movement of the machine (1), provided by a speed measuring means (16) provided on the machine (1).   9. Tracking method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spreading data is transmitted to the operating station (70) by a wireless link.   10. Tracking method according to claim 9, characterized in that the wireless link is a GSM type link, radio waves or satellite.   11. Monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 8, characterized in that the spreading data is transmitted to the fixed station (70) of operation by a wired link.   12. Monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spreading data are transmitted to the operating station (70) by electronic messaging or by short message of the SMS type or in the form of a text file.   13. Tracking method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that automatically displayed on a geographic map of the operating station is tracking information, which is determined from data associated with a geographic location. in the spreading data transmitted, at a geographic location on the map, which corresponds to said geographic location.   14. Tracking method according to claims 6 and 13, characterized in that the tracking information is determined from the alarm triggering information associated with said geographic location in the transmitted spreading data.   15. Monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, for a mobile machine (1) for spreading gravel and binder as constituents of the coating, characterized in that the member (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) of measurement is at least one of the members 25 chosen from the group formed by (a) a sensor (3) of impact of the gravel leaving extractor means (200) of gravel stored in a means (100) for storing the machine (1) towards the ground, the impact sensor (3) providing a value of impact force of the gravel, (b) a distance sensor (4) providing a height of a binder (600) for distributing the binder of the machine (1) relative to the ground, (c) a control (2) of the number of nozzles (601) of binder jet open in the ramp (600) for binder distribution, (d) a sensor (6) for pressure in the binder distribution ramp, (e) a sensor (14) for the soil temperature, 5 (f) a sensor (8) for the temperature of the air ; (g) a sensor (10) for the temperature of the binder, (h) a sensor (16) for the speed of movement of the machine (1), (i) a sensor (12) for the speed of rotation of the minus a pump for sending the binder from a means (7) for storing binder towards the ramp (600) for binder distribution.   16. Monitoring method according to claim 15, characterized in that there is provided a measuring member formed by a sensor (14) of the ground temperature comprising an infrared sensor directed towards the ground to obtain a measurement of its temperature.   17. Monitoring method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that there is provided a measuring member formed by a sensor (16) of the speed of movement of the machine (1), comprising a radar.   18. Monitoring method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that there is provided a measuring member formed by a sensor (12) of the speed of rotation of at least one binder pump, comprising at least one encoder incremented by the rotation of said pump.   19. Monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that qualitative and / or quantitative data relating to said at least one coating component spread by the machine are recorded in the spreading data (1 ).   20. Mobile machine (1) for spreading at least one coating component on a roadway for implementing the monitoring method according to any one of the preceding claims, the machine (1) comprising at least one member. (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) for measuring at least one quantity characteristic of spreading, characterized in that the machine (1) further comprises a memory (50) , a module (30) for geographic location of the machine (1), control means (40) for causing the recording in the memory (50) of spreading data comprising in association the 5 geographic location determined by the module (30) for at least one acquisition instant and the measurement value determined by the measurement member (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) for the acquisition instant , and means (60) for interrogating the memory (50) and transmitting the spreading data to a fixed station (70) for processing donations born, 10 which is separate from the machine (1).   21. Machine (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that it comprises means (100, 7, 600) for spreading gravel and binder as constituents of the coating.