FR2840825A1 - Machine for packaging shredded substances comprises grinder having passage leading shredded waste to ball plant which compacts waste and encloses it in casing to constitute sealed balls - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine comprises a grinder composed of a rotor having blades rotating around a horizontal spindle. The rotor rotates in a drum rotating at a lower speed than the rotor. Between the rotor and the drum is a shredding grille. The grinder comprises a passage for leading the ground waste to a ball plant which discharges in the free space between the drum and the shredding grille. The ball plant compacts the shredded waste (30) and encloses it in a casing (31) to constitute sealed balls. A sleeve (34) communicating with the grinder comprises a fixed cylinder (35) and a vertically sliding cylinder (36). Under this sleeve is a container in the shape of two mobile sphere quarters. (37).

Description

the coating technique.

- 2840825

  The present invention relates to a packaging machine of a raw material

crushed substance.

  There is a need to split a large volume of a given substance into small objects, if only to ensure

packaging or transportation.

  The field of the invention is therefore that of conditioning a

  pulverulent substance or substance previously crushed.

  A first object of the present invention is therefore a packaging machine whose mechanical structure is very simple, this machine being well adapted to substances having a relatively large particle size. According to the invention, a packaging machine is provided with a container itself having a supply opening for receiving a substance; this container comprises an orifice at least provided for the coating

of this substance.

  Thus, this container allows somehow to mold the substance into

  small objects that fit the shape of the container.

  The container has an extraction opening for evacuating the

coated substance.

  Preferably, the container is formed of two moving parts, the inner surface of these moving parts delimiting a firm volume when these two

  parts move between an initial position and a terminal position.

  Moreover, in the initial position, the two moving parts come into

s support a butee.

  It is desirable for the end of this stopper to be flush with the surface

  internal moving parts in said initial position.

  In addition, in the terminal position, the two moving parts come to the

contact each other.

  Thus, the opening of supply is determined by the free space

  between moving parts in the initial position.

  Similarly, the extraction opening is determined by the free space between

  moving parts in the terminal position.

  Advantageously, the firm volume is substantially spherical.

  3 Indeed, spherical objects can move easily on a

  inclined plane or in any pipe.

  In order to facilitate extraction, the inner surface of these moving parts is

  at most equal to one quarter of the same sphere.

  The inner surface of the container has an anti-adhesive coating so that the coated substance does not remain stuck to this container by the coating material. A particularly advantageous application of the invention is the

garbage treatment.

  Indeed, the evacuation of household garbage is traditionally carried out by collecting garbage cans whose contents vented into o dumpsters. These trucks transport waste to factories

  incineration or in unloading.

  The current household waste disposal line has the following characteristics: - a high cost especially for the many breaks in the chain (domestic storage, collective storage in buildings and streets, intermittent evacuation by trucks); - numerous sources of insalubrity, of collective hygiene and of the quality of the environment; frequent malfunctions related notably to the fact that the 2 o manual collection spots are dirty, painful and not very rewarding; - effects induced in particular on the circulation and cleanliness

in the towns.

  A second object of the present invention is therefore a packaging

optimizes waste.

  According to the invention, the machine comprises a grinder whose output

  communicates with the supply opening.

  The waste introduced into the crusher wind shreds to produce a pulverulent substance which is then embedded in the container to form

small objects.

  The machine according to the invention makes it possible to substitute for the known processing line an automated chain conditioning the "ordinary" household refuse which represents almost all the volumes to be treated. This garbage can be evacuated continuously by existing pipelines,

  especially by wastewater networks and sewerage.

  This appliance can be used in all types of individual and collective housing with wastewater disposal (PVC pipe 6 cm and over). In addition, it can be used in businesses that produce garbage (beverage outlets, breweries, hotels, restaurants,

  butchers, charcuterie, fishmongers, canteens, ....).

  Preferably, the mill comprises a horizontal rotor provided with

  minus a shredder itself provided with a shredding range.

  On the other hand, the crusher has a static grid inscribed in a cylinder with the same axis as that of the rotor and with an inner radius almost identical to that of the rotor.

that of the shredding beach.

  Advantageously, this grid has cutting edges.

  According to an additional characteristic, the crusher has a means

  returning the grid towards the rotor.

  s In a preferred embodiment, the shredding range is

  preceded by a grinding wedge inclines. This grinding wedge is provided with lugs.

  In addition, the grinding wedge is preceded by a training edge provided with

  a stop behind this grinding wedge.

  Moreover, the mill comprises a drum which is rotatable according to the

  o same axis as that of the rotor, the grid being arranged inside this drum.

  The space between the grid and the drum thus communicates with the supply opening. In general, it would be interesting to be able to treat different

substances with a single machine.

  s In the specific case of household garbage, some municipalities are trying to develop sorting at the source by providing households with collective sorting bins placed on public roads. Many bins are known for glass, plastic, paper, vegetables, and so on. But, sorting is manual, which is a source of error, it is discontinuous and it does not

  3 o thus allows waste reprocessing very limited.

  A third object of the invention is the packaging of different

  substances by means of the same machine.

  According to the invention, the packaging machine comprises an organ

marking.

  The nature of the coated substance is thus identified for its subsequent treatment. By way of example, this marking member comprises at least one marking bar movable between a position where it is flush with the internal surface.

  of the container and a position where it protrudes from this surface.

  According to a first variant, the mill being intended to receive a container identifying the nature of the substance by means of pins, it comprises means for activating the marking member in response to the detection of these pins. Advantageously, the machine comprises a control member for

  order the crusher according to these references.

  o According to a second variant, the machine comprises a selection member for identifying the nature of the substance, and it comprises means

  to activate the marking member by means of this selection member.

  In this case, the machine comprises a control member for

  order the crusher in response to the selection organ.

  In any case, the packaging machine according to the present

  The invention further possesses the following optional features.

  The container is surmounted by a sleeve provided with nozzles provided for the

  compaction of the substance to be coated.

  The machine comprises a receptacle communicating with the extraction opening, this receptacle being provided with ducts for the ventilation of the

coated substance.

  The machine comprises a movable support disposed between the container and the receptacle. The machine comprises a tube whose first end communicates

  s with the receptacle, this tube having a negative slope.

  The second end of this tube communicates with an airlock which,

Preferably, is waterproof.

  This airlock is advantageously provided with a pressure inlet.

  The invention also relates to a method for coating a substance by means of the machine described above, this substance possibly being

composed of waste.

  The present invention will now appear in greater detail in the

  framework of the description which follows of an illustrative embodiment given by way of illustration

  Referring to the accompanying figures which show: FIG. 1 is a sectional diagram of the machine seen from the front, FIG. 2 is a sectional diagram of the machine as seen from the side, FIG. detail of a crusher, - Figure 4, a unit of the ball power plant seen in section, Figure 5, a detailed sectional view of a quarter sphere of the ball power plant, - Figure 6, a sectional view of an airlock, and

  - Figure 7, a sectional view of the loading door of the machine.

  The elements present in several figures are affected by a single

and even reference.

  The invention, now presented in connection with the treatment of waste, makes it possible to substitute for the known processing chain an automated system. This system comprises, at the beginning of the chain, a domestic appliance for individual or collective use, of shredding household garbage, of compaction into a ball of this garbage and shredding compacted garbage, this in order to form waterproof and resistant beads can be evacuated without risk of breakage. It provides for the marking of the balls according to the type of waste they comprise, and the evacuation of these beads by

  wastewater networks of buildings and sewerage.

  The system also includes at the end of the chain a piece of equipment

  o Industrial log processing that is not described here.

  This equipment can be used in all or part of its functions at the exit of the sewer collectors, before the wastewater treatment. II

  allows to perform the different stages of treatment in different places.

  The invention provides for the treatment of pulverulent substances, so that when this is not the case, especially when it comes to household waste, it is

  should start by grinding these substances.

  With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the machine optionally includes a grinder capable of grinding and shredding all the materials which constitute the moving refuse. This mill is composed of a rotor 5 on which wind arranged one, two or three blades 6 rotating about a horizontal axis 7 fixed to the bottom of the device by an axis support 8. The rotor 5 rotates moreover in a drum 9, rotating itself at a speed lower than that of the rotor in the same direction and around the same horizontal axis 7. Between these two rotating elements is arranged a fixed chopping grid 10. This grid is the support against which wastes

  broken by the blade (s) 6.

  Referring to Figure 3, a mill blade is described in more detail.

  Wile has a training edge 11 having an opening angle 12 which allows the rotating mill to treat wastes whose height is of the order of 10 centimeters, to treat a bottle for example. A stop 13 forming the primer of a screw in its lower part entrains the waste between the

  blade 6 and the shredding grid 10.

  At the rear of the training edge 11, a grinding wedge 14 is composed of grinding pins 15 which constitute crushing points of the waste and knives 16 making it possible to cut the waste of a certain length. The lugs 15 and the knives 16 wind approximately perpendicular to the path of displacement of the blade, inclined in the direction of rotation, and they are staggered places over the entire surface of the corner of

grinding 14.

  Behind the grinding wedge 14, a shredding area 17 marries the

  precise form of the shredding grid 10 described in more detail below.

  During their rotation, the blades 6 gradually compress the waste

  against this grid whose cutting edges 18 shred waste.

  The shredding grid 10, is extended by two solid parts for attachment by a spring fastening system on the rotating shaft 21 and by two spring fastening systems on a fixed support 22. The waste wind shreds under the pressure of blades by the cutting edges 18 formed by the upper asperities of the holes of the shredding grid 10. The shredded waste passes through the shredder grid by the tapered holes 23 chamfer and fall into the drum 9. The shredding process is defined in function the type of waste to be treated and is piloted by a cycle of

proper shredding.

  When a waste has a hardness such that it can not be torn, the force applied to the holders of the shredding grid 10 causes the compression of the springs and the stall of this grid in a low position o allowing the passage of waste between the grid and the blade 6. This situation causes the machine to stop and the presence of this

  type of waste by means of any visual indication eVou sound.

  The cylindrical drum 9 whose bottom is secured to the single axis of rotation of the machine is open on the front. It also has an opening which allows the passage of the rotor 5. A self-lubricating ring is placed between these two elements which rotate at different speeds. A shoulder is provided to prevent the formation of chopped waste plug between the vertical portion of the drum 9 and the shredding grid 10. The outside of the drum 9 comprises a raceway 26 which rests on two wheel supports 27. The The inside of the drum 9 is rubberized and has fins 28 for reducing the noise and driving the shredded waste towards the opening 29 of the drum.

drum 9.

  The mill has a passage for conveying crushed waste to a central ball 2. This passage begins here in the free space between the

  drum 9 and the chopping grid10.

  Incidentally, it can be noted that the packaging machine could be

used with another shredder.

  With reference to FIG. 4, the ball power plant makes it possible to compact the waste particles 30, to coat them with an envelope 31 to form sealed and resistant beads and possibly to mark them according to the nature of the waste. This plant comprises one or more units of

  production of beads each composed as described below.

  A sleeve 34 which communicates with the mill comprises a fixed cylinder 35 and a sliding cylinder 36 vertically. Under this sleeve, a container here takes the form of two mobile quarters of the sphere 37. In this o initial position, these two moving parts wind positioned side by side in their lower parts to form a half-sphere, the open space between them quarter of sphere and the sleeve 34 defining a supply opening to fill the container. In the stationary fixed cylinder 35 vented nozzles 39 fed gas under high pressure to compress the substance introduced into the sleeve 34. These nozzles 39 wind oriented from the top to the teas. This is a solution well suited to the compression of waste. However, this operation could be carried out in many other ways, by means of a piston press by

example.

  o The two quarters of sphere 37 rotate each around a horizontal axis. A first electromagnet 45 moves a first vertical rod 46 which raises a sliding arm 47. This first rod 46 is provided with a first return spring 82. In the first place, this sliding arm is pivotally mounted on an anchor point 48 integral with the frame of the machine. In the second place, the sliding arm 47 is articulated on the quarter sphere 37 so as to make it a quarter turn upwards when the first electromagnet 45 is active. So, in a terminal position, two quarters of sphere wind

  positioned side by side in their upper parts to form another half

  sphere, the open space present under these quarters of the sphere defining a

  extraction opening for evacuating the substance of the container.

  The plant is intended to coat the substance contained in the container. Therefore, two quarters of sphere 37 vent on their inner surfaces with orifices 50 to diffuse a coating product. These orifices are fed by pipes 51 pierced in quarters of sphere 37, these pipes being connected by pipes to a coating material supply system comprising a possibly removable container. On the other hand, the quarters of the sphere towards the upper position, ie towards the terminal position, the machine gradually proceeds to the deposit of the coating product all around the ticket shaped substance.

  internal surfaces of the quarter sphere 37 wind covered with an anti-

  adhesive, so that the coated substance does not remain stuck to this container

by the coating material.

  In fact, with two quarters of sphere 37 in the terminal position, the unit progressively releases the lower part of the coated ball which is under the effect of cooling air jets coming from conduits 79, thus solidifying the coating. The ball remains maintained the necessary time before a support 80 appearing under two quarters of sphere 37 retracts. On the support 80, a stop 93 appears between the two quarters of the sphere 37 so that the ball does not fall when these two moving parts are raised. To do this, the end of this stop 93 is flush with the inner surface of these moving parts in the initial position. This support 80 is activated by a second electromagnet 81 to let down gradually the ball, the time to ensure the solidification of the upper part of the coating. The fourths of sphere resume their initial position when the first electromagnet 45 is deactivated. The support 80 also resumes its original position by recalling a

second spring 83.

  It is specified that the invention applies regardless of the shape of the container. However, the fact that this container is constituted of two moving parts

presents a definite advantage.

  The present invention also provides for the marking of the balls in

  3 5 depending on the type of waste treated.

  Many wind techniques available to mark any object such as color or magnetism. An organ is provided here to make an impression on the ball that identifies the nature of the waste it contains. Referring to FIG. 5, one to six impressions are made on the balls by means of marking bars 77 positioned in a quarter sphere 37 and actuated by cams under pressure. These marking bars 77 are movable between a position where they are flush with the internal surface of the container and

  a position where they protrude from this surface.

  With reference to FIG. 6, the balls and possibly the liquids are conveyed from the extraction opening by an inclined pipe to an airlock connected directly to a sewage pipe. Indeed, it is not desirable to connect upstream of a siphon at the outlet of a sink, a sink or a bath because the beads may remain blocked in

this siphon.

  This airlock 84 comprises two valves, an inlet valve 85 and an outlet valve 86 forming a water reserve 87 which prevents the return of odors from the whole sewer. The water reservoir 87 is provided with a compressed air inlet 94. The inlet valve 85 is provided with a third return spring 91 and the outlet valve 86 is provided with a fourth return spring 92 When the coating of the ball is solidified, the ball is ejectede to the teas by the pressure of the cooling ducts 79. The logs are evacuated towards a wastewater pipe 301. In the absence of this, when the pipe is too small, only the liquids are discharged and the logs are stored.

2 in a receiving tray.

  The machine is also provided with a control block (not shown). Essentially, this control block includes a dashboard equipped with an on / off button, a selection light of the chipping program, control lights and a programmer. The programmer takes into account the type of waste to control the shredding cycle, the compaction cycle, the bead production cycle, the coating cycle, the evacuation cycle, the cleaning cycle and the marking of the balls. The indications (call reserve, reserve exhausted) of a witness coating product, indications (call reserve, reserve exhausted) of a witness cleaning product and malfunction alerts (rotor blocking, departure of fire, ...) communicated by other sensors are also taken into account by the programmer. Chips can detect the different types of waste introduced into the device and can change automatically

  programs running.

  Referring to Figure 7, the machine has a loading door for introducing household garbage without sal issante handling. This rectangularly shaped heating door is equipped with an opening stop 1 to 30, an anti-odor seal 2 and sensors 3 which mechanically detect the nature of the waste that appears. t in the form of a pointer on the trash. The information relating to the nature of these wastes is transmitted to the control block and it controls the marking member. The door is also

  equipped with an opening handle 4 secured closure.

  If the sensors 3 do not record any information on the type of waste to be treated, the machine selects the type K all coming >>. The door is locked

  when the machine starts.

  The household bin 157 is provided with a positioning edge 158 at the loading door of the appliance, a pointer 159 making it possible to indicate to the appliance the type of waste to be treated, a marking of the type of waste 160 embedded on the lid of each bin, an odor-resistant lid 161 and a transport handle 162. The waste bags are placed in bags

163 trash cans.

  In the case where there are no sensors or chips id entifying the nature of the waste, the machine has on its front face a selection member has manual actuation. This selection organ transmits information on the nature of these wastes to the control unit and controls the control organ.

Marking.

  The machine is also equipped with an automatic high-pressure cleaning system which is not shown in the figures, except for the injectors in FIG. 2. This system comprises a production feed subsystem. cleaning, a storage subsystem of this product, and ispositif for mixing water, air and cleaning agent and a sprinkler subsystem. The cleaning product supply subsystem can receive

  a removable box of cleaning product.

  The water, air and cleaning agent mixer is supplied with incoming water, pressurized air from a compressor and cleaning product from the product pool. The mixer feeds the sprinkler subsystem composed of several cleaning injectors 19 placed in the front part of the interior of the apparatus. The sprinkler system, with the help of the 19-place injectors, projects the pressurized mixing of water, air and cleaning liquid to disinfect all the machine components. in

contact with household garbage.

  The exemplary embodiment of the invention presented above has been chosen for its practicality. It would not be possible, however, to list

  exhaustively all the embodiments covered by this invention.

  In particular, any means described may be replaced by equivalent means

  without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (25)

  1) Packaging machine provided with a container comprising   even a supply opening for receiving a substance, characterized in that this container comprises a port 50 at least provided for The coating of this substance.   2) Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said container   has an extraction opening for evacuating said coated substance.   3) Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that said container   is formed of two moving parts 37.   4) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner surface of said movable parts 37 delimits a firm volume when these two   parts move between an initial position and a terminal position.   Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that in said   initial position, the two moving parts 37 bear against a stop 93.   6) Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the end of this butee 93 is flush with the inner surface of said moving parts in said initial position.   7) Machine according to claim 4 characterized in that, in said terminal position, the two movable parts 37 come into contact with one of 2 o the other.   8) Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that said supply opening is determined by the free space between said parts   mobile 37 in said initial position.   9) Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that said extraction opening is determined by the free space between said movable parts 37 in said terminal position.   Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that said volume firm is substantially spherical.   11) Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the surface   3 o internally said movable parts is at most equal to a quarter of the same sphere.   12) Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface   internal container has an anti-adhesive coating.   13) Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that   comprises a marking member 77 of said coated substance.   14) Machine according to claim 13, characterized in that said marking member comprises at least one marking bar 77 movable between a position where it is flush with the inner surface of said container and a   position where it protrudes from this surface.   ) Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said container is surmounted by a sleeve 34 provided with nozzles 39 provided for the compacting said substance.   16) Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a receptacle communicating with said extraction opening, this receptacle   o being provided with conduits 79 for the ventilation of said coated substance.   17) Machine according to claim 16, characterized in that   comprises a movable support 80 disposed between said container and said receptacle.   18) Machine according to claim 16, characterized in that it comprises a tube whose first end communicates with said   receptacle, this tube having a negative slope.   19) Machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the second   extremity of this tube communicates with an airlock 84.   Machine according to claim 19, characterized in that this airlock 84 is waterproof.   21) Machine according to claim 19, characterized in that said airlock   84 is provided with a pressure inlet 94.   22) Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a grinder whose output communicates with said supply opening. 23) Machine according to claim 22, characterized in that said mill comprises a horizontal rotor 5 provided with at least one   shredding 6 itself provided with a shredding pad 17.   24) Machine according to claim 23, characterized in that it it crusher comprises a static grid 10 inscribed in a cylinder of the same axis o than that of said rotor 5 and of inner radius almost identical to that of said range shredding 17.   Machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said grid has cutting edges 18.   26) Machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said mill comprises a return means 21, 22 of said grid 10 in the direction of said rotor 5.   27) Machine according to claim 23, characterized in that said   chipping range 17 is preceded by a grinding wedge 14 incline.   28) Machine according to claim 27, characterized in that said wedge grinding 14 is provided with lugs 15.   29) Machine according to claim 27, characterized in that said grinding wedge 14 is preceded by a training edge 11 provided with a stop 13   set back from this grinding wedge.   ) Machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said mill comprises a drum 9 movable in rotation along the same axis as that   o said rotor 5, said gate 10 being disposed inside this drum.   31) Machine according to claim 30, characterized in that the space between said grid 10 and said drum 9 communicates with said supply opening. 32) Machine according to claim 22, characterized in that comprises a marking member 77.   33) Machine according to claim 32, characterized in that said mill is intended to receive a container identifying the nature of said substance by means of pins, it comprises means for activating said   marking member 77 in response to the detection 3 of these pins.   34) Machine according to claim 33, characterized in that it comprises a control member for controlling said mill according to said references.   Machine according to claim 13, characterized in that, comprising a selection member for identifying the nature of said substance, if it comprises means for activating said marking member 77 by means of of this selection body.   36) Machine according to claim 35, characterized in that it comprises a control member for controlling said mill in response to said audit selection organ.   37) Method for coating a substance by means of the machine according to   any one of the preceding claims.   38. The method of claim 37, characterized in that said