FR2831249A1 - Air separation in an apparatus containing at least two columns which can be operated normally or with air expanded to a low pressure in the turbine before distillation in the low pressure column - Google Patents
Air separation in an apparatus containing at least two columns which can be operated normally or with air expanded to a low pressure in the turbine before distillation in the low pressure column Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2831249A1 FR2831249A1 FR0200707A FR0200707A FR2831249A1 FR 2831249 A1 FR2831249 A1 FR 2831249A1 FR 0200707 A FR0200707 A FR 0200707A FR 0200707 A FR0200707 A FR 0200707A FR 2831249 A1 FR2831249 A1 FR 2831249A1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- column
- turbine
- pressure
- pressure column
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/04103—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression using solely hydrostatic liquid head
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
- F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
- F25J2240/42—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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La présente invention est relative à un procédé et installation de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique. The present invention relates to a method and installation for air separation by cryogenic distillation.
En particulier, elle concerne une installation ayant deux modes d'opération. In particular, it relates to an installation having two modes of operation.
Les appareils de séparation d'air dans lequel un débit liquide pressurisé provenant d'une colonne est vaporisé pour former un débit gazeux haute pression comprennent généralement un surpresseur qui sert à pressuriser une fraction de l'air. Air separation apparatus in which a pressurized liquid flow from a column is vaporized to form a high pressure gas flow generally includes a booster which serves to pressurize a fraction of the air.
Des exemples de ce genre d'appareils se trouvent dans EP-A-0504029,
EP-A-0576314 et EP-A-0611218. Examples of such devices can be found in EP-A-0504029,
EP-A-0576314 and EP-A-0611218.
Lorsque le surpresseur d'air ne fonctionne pas et/ou le débit gazeux haute pression n'est pas requis, ces appareils de séparation d'air ne peuvent fonctionner. When the air booster does not operate and / or the high pressure gas flow is not required, these air separation units can not operate.
Un but de la présente invention est de permettre le fonctionnement continu de ces appareils afin de produire au moins un des leurs produits, même si le surpresseur d'air ne fonctionne pas ou le débit gazeux haute pression n'est pas requis, en opérant l'appareil avec une marche dégradé. An object of the present invention is to allow the continuous operation of these devices to produce at least one of their products, even if the air booster does not work or the high pressure gas flow is not required, by operating the equipment. device with a degraded step.
Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé de séparation d'air dans un appareil comprenant au moins deux colonnes, dont une colonne haute pression et une colonne basse pression, dans lequel sous une première marche, on envoie au moins une partie de l'air à la colonne haute pression, constituant notamment entre 50 et 90% de l'air, on surpresse au moins une partie de l'air, constituant notamment entre 10 et 50% de l'air, dans un surpresseur, l'air surpressé est divisé en au moins deux fractions, une première fraction d'air surpressé échange de la chaleur avec au moins un débit liquide provenant d'une colonne de l'appareil et une deuxième fraction d'air surpressé est détendu dans une turbine d'une première pression à une deuxième pression et la fraction détendue dans la turbine est envoyée au moins en partie à la colonne haute pression, le débit liquide provenant d'une colonne de l'appareil se vaporise par échange de chaleur avec la première fraction pour former un premier débit gazeux enrichi en oxygène et/ou en azote et/ou en argon comme produit final caractérisé en ce que sous une deuxième marche, la turbine est alimentée par un débit d'air à une pression plus basse que la première pression According to an object of the invention, there is provided a method of separating air in an apparatus comprising at least two columns, including a high pressure column and a low pressure column, in which under a first step, at least one part of the air at the high pressure column, constituting in particular between 50 and 90% of the air, at least a portion of the air is overpressed, constituting in particular between 10 and 50% of the air, in a booster, the supercharged air is divided into at least two fractions, a first fraction of supercharged air exchanges heat with at least one liquid flow from a column of the apparatus and a second fraction of superpressed air is expanded in a turbine from a first pressure to a second pressure and the fraction expanded in the turbine is sent at least in part to the high pressure column, the liquid flow from a column of the apparatus is vaporized by heat exchange with the first fraction po ur to form a first gaseous flow enriched in oxygen and / or in nitrogen and / or in argon as final product characterized in that under a second step, the turbine is supplied by a flow of air at a pressure lower than the first pressure
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et produit de l'air à une pression plus basse que la deuxième pression et tout ou une partie de l'air détendu dans la turbine est envoyé à une ou des colonnes opérant à une pression plus basse que la colonne haute pression et/ou à l'atmosphère. and produces air at a lower pressure than the second pressure and all or a portion of the air expanded in the turbine is sent to one or more columns operating at a lower pressure than the high pressure column and / or the atmosphere.
Sous la deuxième marche, la turbine est de préférence alimentée principalement par un débit d'air à une pression plus basse que la première pression. Under the second step, the turbine is preferably fed mainly by a flow of air at a lower pressure than the first pressure.
Une partie (ou le reste) de l'air peut être envoyée à la colonne basse pression pendant la première marche. Some (or all) of the air can be sent to the low pressure column during the first step.
Sous la deuxième marche, la plupart de l'air détendu dans la turbine est envoyé à une ou des colonnes opérant à une pression plus basse que la colonne haute pression et/ou à l'atmosphère. Under the second step, most of the air expanded in the turbine is sent to one or more columns operating at a lower pressure than the high pressure column and / or the atmosphere.
Sous la deuxième marche, moins d'air est envoyé à la colonne haute pression que sous la première marche. De préférence la quantité d'air envoyée à la colonne haute pression est réduite de 10 à 50% pendant la deuxième marche par rapport à la quantité envoyée pendant la première marche. Under the second step, less air is sent to the high pressure column than under the first step. Preferably the amount of air sent to the high pressure column is reduced by 10 to 50% during the second step compared to the quantity sent during the first step.
Selon d'autres aspects facultatifs, - l'échange de chaleur entre la première fraction d'air et le liquide provenant d'une colonne de l'appareil est indirect ; - l'échange de chaleur entre la première fraction d'air et le liquide provenant d'une colonne de l'appareil est direct, le liquide est enrichi en oxygène et l'échange de chaleur s'effectue dans une colonne de mélange ; - dans la deuxième marche la deuxième partie de l'air n'est pas envoyé à un surpresseur couplé à un moteur mais à un surpresseur, lié éventuellement à la turbine, qui porte l'air à une pression inférieure à la première pression de la première marche. Dans ce cas, le surpresseur couplé au moteur peut ne pas fonctionner ; - sous la première marche un débit gazeux, ayant le même composant principal qu'un des (que le) débit (s) liquide (s) qui se vaporise (nt) par échange de chaleur, est soutiré de l'appareil sous la deuxième marche, ce même débit liquide réduit ou n'est plus soutiré de l'appareil et le débit gazeux correspondant augmente ; - pendant la première marche, un débit liquide enrichi en oxygène est soutiré de la colonne basse pression et se vaporise par échange de chaleur, According to other optional aspects, the heat exchange between the first fraction of air and the liquid coming from a column of the apparatus is indirect; the exchange of heat between the first fraction of air and the liquid coming from a column of the apparatus is direct, the liquid is enriched with oxygen and the heat exchange takes place in a mixing column; in the second step, the second part of the air is not sent to a booster coupled to a motor but to a booster, possibly linked to the turbine, which carries the air to a pressure lower than the first pressure of the first step. In this case, the booster coupled to the engine may not work; - under the first step a gas flow, having the same main component as one of (the) flow (s) liquid (s) which vaporizes (s) by heat exchange, is withdrawn from the device under the second running, this same reduced liquid flow or no longer withdrawn from the apparatus and the corresponding gas flow increases; during the first step, an oxygen-enriched liquid flow is withdrawn from the low-pressure column and vaporized by heat exchange,
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éventuellement un débit gazeux enrichi en oxygène est soutiré de la colonne 1 basse pression et se réchauffe dans une ligne d'échange où se refroidit l'air destiné à l'appareil et un débit gazeux enrichi en azote est soutiré de la colonne basse pression et se réchauffe dans la ligne d'échange et pendant la deuxième marche, le débit liquide est réduit, éventuellement à néant, l'éventuel débit gazeux enrichi en oxygène augmente et le débit gazeux enrichi en azote continue à être soutiré de la colonne basse pression et se réchauffe dans la ligne d'échange ; - pendant la première marche, un débit liquide enrichi en azote est soutiré de la colonne basse pression ou haute pression et se vaporise par échange de chaleur, un débit gazeux enrichi en oxygène est éventuellement soutiré de la colonne basse pression et se réchauffe dans une ligne d'échange où se refroidit l'air destiné à l'appareil et un débit gazeux enrichi en azote est soutiré de la colonne basse pression ou la colonne haute pression et se réchauffe dans la ligne d'échange et pendant la deuxième marche, le débit liquide est réduit, éventuellement à néant, le débit gazeux enrichi en azote augmente et débit gazeux enrichi en oxygène est soutiré de la colonne basse pression dans le cas où il n'existerait pas pendant la première marche ou est augmenté dans le cas où il existerait pendant la première marche, et se réchauffe dans la ligne d'échange ; - l'appareil comprend éventuellement une colonne opérant à une pression intermédiaire entre les haute et basse pressions et ! ou une colonne argon.
optionally an oxygen-enriched gas flow is withdrawn from the low-pressure column 1 and is heated in an exchange line where the air intended for the apparatus cools and a nitrogen-enriched gas flow is withdrawn from the low-pressure column and is heated in the exchange line and during the second step, the liquid flow is reduced, possibly to nil, the optional gas flow enriched in oxygen increases and the nitrogen-enriched gas flow continues to be withdrawn from the low pressure column and warms up in the exchange line; during the first step, a nitrogen-enriched liquid flow is withdrawn from the low-pressure or high-pressure column and vaporized by heat exchange, an oxygen-enriched gas flow is optionally withdrawn from the low-pressure column and is heated in a line; where the air for the apparatus is cooled and a nitrogen-enriched gas flow is withdrawn from the low-pressure column or the high-pressure column and is heated in the exchange line and during the second step, the flow liquid is reduced, possibly to nil, the gas flow enriched in nitrogen increases and gas flow enriched in oxygen is withdrawn from the low pressure column in the case where it does not exist during the first step or is increased in the case where there is during the first walk, and warms up in the exchange line; the apparatus optionally comprises a column operating at an intermediate pressure between the high and low pressures and or an argon column.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est prévu une installation de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique comprenant i) au moins une double colonne comprenant une colonne haute pression et une colonne basse pression ii) une ligne d'échange iii) une turbine de détente iv) des moyens pour envoyer de l'air détendu dans la turbine de détente à la colonne haute pression et au moins à une colonne opérant à une pression plus basse et/ou des moyens pour envoyer de l'air détendu dans la turbine de détente à la colonne haute pression et éventuellement à l'atmosphère According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an air separation plant by cryogenic distillation comprising i) at least one double column comprising a high pressure column and a low pressure column ii) a line of exchange iii) a expansion turbine iv) means for supplying expanded air into the expansion turbine to the high pressure column and at least one column operating at a lower pressure and / or means for supplying expanded air into the expansion turbine at the high pressure column and possibly at the atmosphere
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v) des moyens pour soutirer un débit liquide de l'appareil vi) des moyens pour vaporiser le débit liquide par échange de chaleur avec un débit d'air vii) des moyens pour envoyer de l'air d'un compresseur à un surpresseur, des moyens pour envoyer de l'air du surpresseur jusqu'aux moyens pour vaporiser le débit liquide et des moyens pour envoyer de l'air du surpresseur à la turbine caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens pour envoyer de l'air aux moyens pour vaporiser le débit liquide et à la turbine sans passer par le surpresseur. v) means for withdrawing a liquid flow from the apparatus vi) means for vaporizing the liquid flow by heat exchange with an air flow vii) means for sending air from a compressor to a booster, means for sending air from the booster to the means for vaporizing the liquid flow and means for sending air from the booster to the turbine characterized in that it comprises means for sending air to the means to vaporize the liquid flow and the turbine without going through the booster.
L'installation peut comprendre une colonne argon et ! ou une colonne opérant à une pression entre les haute et basse pressions ainsi que des moyens pour alimenter cette (ces) colonne (s) à partir de la double colonne. The installation can include an argon column and! or a column operating at a pressure between the high and low pressures as well as means for feeding this (these) column (s) from the double column.
Selon d'autres aspects facultatifs - les moyens pour vaporiser le débit liquide sont constitués par la ligne d'échange ou un échangeur dédié et des moyens pour y envoyer de l'air provenant du surpresseur et de l'air provenant du compresseur sans passer par le surpresseur ; - les moyens pour vaporiser le débit liquide sont constitués par une colonne de mélange et des moyens pour y envoyer de l'air provenant du surpresseur et de l'air provenant du compresseur sans passer par le surpresseur ; - il y a des moyens pour pressuriser le débit liquide avant sa vaporisation ; - des moyens pour envoyer de l'air aux moyens pour vaporiser le débit liquide et à la turbine sans passer par un surpresseur, à part éventuellement celui couplé à la turbine ; - soit des moyens pour envoyer de l'air détendu dans la turbine de détente uniquement à la colonne haute pression et à une colonne (des colonnes) opérant à une pression plus basse, soit des moyens pour envoyer de l'air détendu dans la turbine de détente uniquement à la colonne haute pression, à une colonne (des colonnes) opérant à une pression plus basse (des pressions plus basses) et à l'atmosphère. According to other optional aspects - the means for vaporizing the liquid flow are constituted by the exchange line or a dedicated exchanger and means for sending air from the booster and air from the compressor without going through the booster; - The means for vaporizing the liquid flow are constituted by a mixing column and means for sending air from the booster and air from the compressor without passing through the booster; there are means for pressurizing the liquid flow before it is vaporized; means for sending air to the means for vaporizing the liquid flow and to the turbine without passing through a booster, except possibly that coupled to the turbine; or means for sending expanded air into the expansion turbine only to the high pressure column and to a column (columns) operating at a lower pressure, or means for sending expanded air into the turbine only at the high pressure column, at a column (columns) operating at a lower pressure (lower pressures) and the atmosphere.
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De préférence, l'appareil comprend deux surpresseurs en série, dont le premier comprime l'air à une pression intermédiaire et le deuxième comprime de l'air depuis la pression intermédiaire jusqu'à la première pression pendant la première marche. Dans la deuxième marche, le premier surpresseur est supprimé de sorte que l'air arrive au deuxième surpresseur à la pression de sortie du compresseur et la pression à la sortie du deuxième surpresseur est inférieure à la première pression. Preferably, the apparatus comprises two series boosters, the first compresses the air to an intermediate pressure and the second compresses air from the intermediate pressure to the first pressure during the first step. In the second step, the first booster is removed so that the air arrives at the second booster at the outlet pressure of the compressor and the pressure at the outlet of the second booster is less than the first pressure.
Le ou les surpresseurs peuvent être constitués par les étages finaux du compresseur principal qui comprime tout l'air. The blower (s) may be constituted by the final stages of the main compressor which compresses all the air.
Un débit enrichi en oxygène contient au moins 80 % mol. d'oxygène, un débit enrichi en azote contient au moins 85 % mol. d'azote et un débit enrichi en argon contient au moins 80 % mol. d'argon. A flow enriched with oxygen contains at least 80 mol%. of oxygen, a nitrogen enriched flow contains at least 85 mol%. of nitrogen and a flow enriched in argon contains at least 80 mol%. argon.
L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant à la Figure qui est un dessin schématique d'une installation selon l'invention. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the Figure which is a schematic drawing of an installation according to the invention.
L'appareil comprend une double colonne avec une colonne haute pression K1 et une colonne basse pression à minaret K2, reliées thermiquement par un condenseur, et une colonne argon K3 alimentée à partir de la colonne basse pression. The apparatus comprises a double column with a high pressure column K1 and a low pressure column with a minaret K2, thermally connected by a condenser, and an argon column K3 fed from the low pressure column.
L'appareil opère selon deux modes de fonctionnement. Dans les deux cas, de l'air est envoyé au moins à la colonne haute pression K1 et des débits (non-illustrés dans l'intérêt de la simplification) enrichis en oxygène et en azote sont envoyé de la colonne haute pression K1 à la colonne basse pression K2, après détente dans des vannes, de manière connue. The device operates in two modes of operation. In both cases, air is sent at least to the high pressure column K1 and flow rates (not shown in the interest of simplification) enriched with oxygen and nitrogen are sent from the high pressure column K1 to the low pressure column K2, after expansion in valves, in known manner.
Dans un premier mode de fonctionnement, l'air 1 est comprimé dans le compresseur C1 à environ la pression de la colonne haute pression K1 et ensuite épuré (dans une unité d'épuration non-illustrée entre le compresseur C1 et le bout chaud de l'échangeur E1) et divisé en deux parties. Entre 50 et 80% de l'air est envoyé par la conduite 7 au bout chaud de l'échangeur principal E1 où il se refroidit jusqu'au bout froid. In a first mode of operation, the air 1 is compressed in the compressor C1 at about the pressure of the high pressure column K1 and then purified (in a non-illustrated purification unit between the compressor C1 and the hot end of the exchanger E1) and divided into two parts. Between 50 and 80% of the air is sent through line 7 to the hot end of the main exchanger E1 where it cools to the cold end.
Entre 20 et 50% de l'air est envoyé par la conduite au surpresseur C2. Between 20 and 50% of the air is sent by the pipe to the booster C2.
Dans le cas où seul 20% de l'air serait envoyé par la conduite au surpresseur C2, l'appareil ne produit pas de liquide. La vanne 11 sur la conduite 5 est ouverte et la vanne 13 sur la conduite 5A est fermée. L'air surpressé en C2 est envoyé au surpresseur C3 par la conduite 3 et ensuite au bout chaud de In the case where only 20% of the air would be sent by the line to the booster C2, the device does not produce liquid. The valve 11 on the pipe 5 is open and the valve 13 on the pipe 5A is closed. The compressed air C2 is sent to the booster C3 through line 3 and then to the hot end of
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l'échangeur E1 où il se refroidit jusqu'à une température intermédiaire avant d'être divisé en deux. Une première fraction 6 de l'air se liquéfie au moins partiellement par échange de chaleur avec un débit d'oxygène qui se vaporise. Ensuite elle est divisée en deux, détendue dans les vannes 19,21 et envoyée aux colonnes K1, K2. Le liquide arrive dans la colonne K1 quelques plateaux théoriques au-dessus de l'arrivée de gaz. La deuxième fraction de l'air passe dans la conduite 9 à la turbine D3 couplée au surpresseur C3 et est envoyée en cuve la colonne haute pression après avoir été mélangé avec le débit 7 en aval de la vanne 15, la vanne 15 étant ouverte et la vanne 17 étant fermée. the exchanger E1 where it cools to an intermediate temperature before being divided into two. A first fraction 6 of the air is at least partially liquefied by heat exchange with a flow of oxygen vaporizing. Then it is divided in two, relaxed in the valves 19,21 and sent to the columns K1, K2. The liquid arrives in column K1 some theoretical plates above the gas supply. The second fraction of the air passes through the line 9 to the turbine D3 coupled to the booster C3 and is sent to the tank in the high pressure column after having been mixed with the flow rate 7 downstream of the valve 15, the valve 15 being open and the valve 17 being closed.
L'air envoyé à la colonne haute pression K1 est séparé par distillation en un débit liquide enrichi en oxygène et plusieurs débits enrichis en azote de manière connue. The air sent to the high pressure column K1 is separated by distillation into an oxygen enriched liquid flow and several nitrogen enriched flow rates in a known manner.
Des débits GAN BP et WN2 25,27 enrichis en azote sont envoyés du minaret de la colonne basse pression K2 à l'échangeur E1 où ils se réchauffent jusqu'à la température ambiante. Le sous-refroidisseur n'est pas représenté pour raison de simplification. Nitrogen enriched GAN BP and WN2 25,27 flow rates are sent from the minaret of the low pressure column K2 to the exchanger E1 where they warm up to room temperature. The subcooler is not shown for simplification.
Un débit d'oxygène gazeux 39 est soutiré de la colonne basse pression K2 sous forme gazeuse et se réchauffe dans l'échangeur E1 jusqu'à la température ambiante. Néanmoins, ce débit n'existe pas obligatoirement pour le premier mode de fonctionnement. A flow of oxygen gas 39 is withdrawn from the low pressure column K2 in gaseous form and is heated in the exchanger E1 to room temperature. Nevertheless, this rate does not necessarily exist for the first mode of operation.
Le procédé peut également produire un débit 43 d'azote gazeux GAN MP soutiré en tête de la colonne moyenne pression K1. The process can also produce a nitrogen gas flow GAN MP withdrawn at the top of the medium pressure column K1.
Un débit liquide 35 enrichi en oxygène est soutiré en cuve de la colonne K2. Une partie 36 de ce débit constitue la production d'oxygène liquide et le reste 37 est pompé à une pression supérieure par la pompe P1 et se vaporise dans l'échangeur E1 pour former un produit gazeux pressurisé riche en oxygène. Alternativement le débit liquide peut être pressurisé par hauteur hydrostatique. An oxygen-enriched liquid flow is withdrawn from the bottom of the column K2. A portion 36 of this flow rate is the production of liquid oxygen and the remainder 37 is pumped to a higher pressure by the pump P1 and vaporizes in the exchanger E1 to form a gaseous product pressurized oxygen-rich. Alternatively the liquid flow can be pressurized by hydrostatic height.
Il est également possible de vaporiser l'oxygène dans un échangeur dédié contre le débit d'air surpressé ou de le vaporiser par contact direct dans une colonne de mélange alimentée par l'air surpressé. It is also possible to vaporize the oxygen in a dedicated exchanger against the supercharged air flow or to vaporize it by direct contact in a mixing column supplied with the supercharged air.
L'appareil produit également de l'azote liquide 41 de la colonne haute pression K1 et de l'argon liquide 33 de la colonne argon K3. The apparatus also produces liquid nitrogen 41 from the high pressure column K1 and liquid argon 33 from the argon column K3.
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Quand le surpresseur C2 ne marche pas ou le débit gazeux pressurisé riche en oxygène n'est pas requis, il est possible de faire fonctionner l'appareil selon une deuxième marche, en court-circuitant le surpresseur C2. Dans ce cas, soit le débit d'oxygène liquide qui se vaporise est fortement réduit, soit tout l'oxygène liquide sert de produit liquide 36 et le débit 37 n'est pas envoyé à l'échangeur E1 (ou à l'échangeur dédié ou à la colonne de mélange, le cas échéant). When the booster C2 is not running or the oxygen-rich pressurized gas flow is not required, it is possible to operate the apparatus in a second step, bypassing the booster C2. In this case, either the vaporizing liquid oxygen flow rate is greatly reduced, or all the liquid oxygen serves as a liquid product 36 and the flow rate 37 is not sent to the exchanger E1 (or to the dedicated exchanger or the mixing column, if applicable).
Selon ce deuxième mode de fonctionnement dite deuxième marche, l'air 1 est comprimé à environ la pression de la colonne haute pression K1 et ensuite épuré et divisé en deux parties. Entre 50 et 90% de l'air est envoyé par la conduite 7 au bout chaud de l'échangeur principal E1 où il se refroidit jusqu'au bout froid. According to this second mode of operation called second step, the air 1 is compressed to about the pressure of the high pressure column K1 and then purified and divided into two parts. Between 50 and 90% of the air is sent via the pipe 7 to the hot end of the main exchanger E1 where it cools to the cold end.
Entre 10 et 50% de l'air est envoyé par la conduite 3 via la conduite 5A, connectée en parallèle avec la conduite 5, au surpresseur C3 qui le pressurise à une pression supérieure à la pression de la colonne haute pression. La vanne 11 sur la conduite 5 est fermée et la vanne 13 sur la conduite 5A est ouverte. Between 10 and 50% of the air is sent through line 3 via line 5A, connected in parallel with line 5, to the booster C3 which pressurizes it to a pressure greater than the pressure of the high pressure column. The valve 11 on the pipe 5 is closed and the valve 13 on the pipe 5A is open.
L'air surpressé dans le surpresseur C3 est ensuite envoyé du surpresseur C3 à l'échangeur E1 où il se refroidit jusqu'à une température intermédiaire avant d'être divisé en deux. The supercharged air in the booster C3 is then sent from the booster C3 to the exchanger E1 where it cools to an intermediate temperature before being divided into two.
Une première fraction de l'air se refroidit au moins partiellement par échange de chaleur avec un débit d'oxygène gazeux 39 à la pression de la colonne basse pression 39 et les débits enrichis en azote 25,27. Ensuite elle est divisée en deux, détendue dans les vannes 19,21 et envoyée aux colonnes K1, K2. La deuxième fraction de l'air passe dans la conduite 9 à la turbine D3 couplée au surpresseur C3 et est envoyée à la colonne basse pression K2, de sorte que la turbine D3 fonctionne comme turbine d'insufflation. La colonne haute pression est alimentée en air uniquement par les débits 7 et 19, la vanne 15 étant fermée et la vanne 17 étant ouverte. A first fraction of the air at least partially cools by heat exchange with a flow of gaseous oxygen 39 at the pressure of the low pressure column 39 and the nitrogen enriched flow rates 25,27. Then it is divided in two, relaxed in the valves 19,21 and sent to the columns K1, K2. The second fraction of the air passes in line 9 to the turbine D3 coupled to the booster C3 and is sent to the low pressure column K2, so that the turbine D3 operates as an insufflation turbine. The high pressure column is supplied with air only by the flow rates 7 and 19, the valve 15 being closed and the valve 17 being open.
Le débit d'oxygène gazeux 39 augmente (ou est soutiré, pour les cas du premier mode de fonctionnement dans lequel il n'y a pas d'oxygène gazeux soutiré de la colonne basse pression) pour compenser le fait que le liquide riche en oxygène n'est plus soutiré. Alternativement on peut soutirer plus d'oxygène liquide 36 ou d'azote liquide 41 comme produit final, un produit final étant un The flow rate of gaseous oxygen 39 increases (or is withdrawn, for the cases of the first mode of operation in which there is no gaseous oxygen withdrawn from the low pressure column) to compensate for the fact that the oxygen-rich liquid no longer withdrawn. Alternatively, more liquid oxygen 36 or liquid nitrogen 41 can be withdrawn as final product, a final product being a
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produit qui quitte l'installation de séparation d'air sans changement d'état. La deuxième marche permet également de produire de l'azote basse pression 25. product leaving the air separation system without change of state. The second step also makes it possible to produce low pressure nitrogen 25.
L'oxygène gazeux 39 peut être mélangé avec l'azote résiduaire 27, par exemple en amont de la ligne d'échange E1. The gaseous oxygen 39 may be mixed with the residual nitrogen 27, for example upstream of the exchange line E1.
Il est également possible selon le deuxième mode de fonctionnement de réduire la quantité d'air envoyé à la colonne haute pression (par rapport à la quantité d'air envoyé à cette colonne en première marche). La quantité d'air envoyé à la colonne basse pression K2 se retrouve donc augmentée par rapport à la quantité d'air envoyé à cette colonne en première marche. It is also possible according to the second mode of operation to reduce the amount of air sent to the high pressure column (relative to the amount of air sent to this column in first step). The amount of air sent to the low pressure column K2 is therefore increased compared to the amount of air sent to this column in first step.
Une autre possibilité consiste à réduire l'envoi d'air à la colonne haute pression et d'envoyer plus d'air à la colonne basse pression et/ou à l'atmosphère (par exemple, en le mélangeant avec le gaz résiduaire 25). Another possibility is to reduce the sending of air to the high pressure column and to send more air to the low pressure column and / or the atmosphere (for example, by mixing it with the waste gas 25) .
Il est également possible d'appliquer cette invention aux cas dans lesquels l'appareil produit un débit liquide enrichi en azote ou en argon qui est ensuite vaporisé. It is also possible to apply this invention to cases where the apparatus produces a nitrogen or argon enriched liquid flow which is then vaporized.
Claims (10)
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FR0200707A FR2831249A1 (en) | 2002-01-21 | 2002-01-21 | Air separation in an apparatus containing at least two columns which can be operated normally or with air expanded to a low pressure in the turbine before distillation in the low pressure column |
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FR0200707A FR2831249A1 (en) | 2002-01-21 | 2002-01-21 | Air separation in an apparatus containing at least two columns which can be operated normally or with air expanded to a low pressure in the turbine before distillation in the low pressure column |
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