FR2824199A1 - Brush-holder assembly for an electrical machine, uses central disk placed between brushes to keep brushes clear of commutator during assembly, with disk pushed clear by fitting over commutator - Google Patents

Abstract

The brush-holder has a plate (26) carrying radial guides (36,38,40,42) for the brushes (44). A central disk (35) is placed between the brushes to hold them in the retracted position so when the machine is assembled the brushes do not foul the commutator. The disk is displaced when the brush-holder is fitted over the commutator.

Description

first face is linked to the winding holder (30).

  - 1 The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine provided with a brush holder assembly, in particular for a starter motor vehicle as well as a method of assembling an electrical machine provided with such an assembly.

  According to a known configuration, a carrier assembly

  brushes essentially comprise a set of cages for the electrical connection of the brushes, a support plate made of electrically conductive material on which the cages are fixed, the Achant case with the interposition of an electrically insulating plate, as regards the cages intended to be connected to a current supply source, and a metal cover forming a bearing on which is

  mounts the support plate and the cages it carries.

  The aihsi ralisA set is mounted on the

carcass of the Alectrique machine.

  Conventionally, the brush cage support plate is mounted by screwing on the cover, the screws used ensuring, on the one hand, the mechanical fization of the support plate on the cover and, on the other hand, its connection to the mass. The brush guide cages are internally provided with elastic means which, in operation, bias the brushes radially against a collector of the electric machine secured to the armature shaft thereof. According to a variant of this technique, for example d Written in O 00 / 5120g, the support of the broom cages is

  fix with rivets on the hood.

  Another mounting technique consists in fixing the support plate by wedging it between the hood and a cylinder head of the machine. The ground connection of the support plate is thus carried out directly. Another known technique consists in fixing the Alectrique connection cages of the brushes directly on the bearing drilling cover, the Achant case with interposition of

  electrically insulating pads. -

  In patent application FR 00 16737 filed on 12/21/2000, it has been proposed to provide a brush holder assembly for an electrical machine, the assembly of which can be easily automated in a production line, at a reduced cost, and further comprising increased water tightness. In this document, the brush holder for an electrical machine, comprises a metal cover forming a bearing intended to be mounted on a carcass of the machine and a set of electrical connection members for the brushes mounted on the cover by means of rivets which each comprise at at least one rod extending from one of the parts formed by the cover and one of said members, passing through an orifice made in the other part and folded against the latter. According to one characteristic, said rod came in one piece with the part from which it

  extends and has a closed base.

  Thus, the electrical connection cages of the brushes are directly mounted on the cover, which simplifies and improves the ground connection of the current return brushes. In addition, the use of rivets integrated into either the cages or the cover greatly simplifies the mounting operation and makes the latter easily automated. Finally, the use of a rivet with a plugged base makes it possible to obtain a

good water tightness.

  This brush holder assembly also includes one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination: - the rod is formed by an extruded part of the part from which it extends; - A part of the receiving and electrical connection members of said brushes are constituted by electrically conductive guide cages adapted to receive a respective brush and fixed to the cover by means of said rivets; - the or each rivet came integrally with the cover;

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  - 3 - - the or each rivet came integrally with the guide cage; a part of the receiving and electrical connection members of said brushes are constituted by electrically conductive guide cages adapted

  to receive a respective brush and welded to the hood.

  - At least a part of the guide and electrical connection members of said brushes comprise electrically conductive guide cages adapted to receive respective brushes, each guide cage being secured to a plate of electrically insulating material fixed to the cover by means of the kits rivets; - each guide cage is riveted to the insulating plate; - the or each rivet - came integrally with the plate; - the or each rivet came integrally with the cover; - the guide cages are provided internally with elastic means which, as we know, urge the brushes radially to bear against a manifold of the electric machine. In all the configurations of the brush holder assembly, a member must be provided. forming a stop for limiting the radial movement of the brushes in the absence of a collector to prevent the brushes from obstructing the mounting of the

  collector of the machine secured to the armature arDre.

  In document FR 00 16737, the member for limiting the radial displacement of the brushes comprises a washer interposed between the brushes, on the peripheral wall of

  which the brushes come to bear.

  The outer diameter of this washer is implicitly

  significantly higher than that of the collector.

  The object of the present invention is to take advantage of this member for limiting the movement of the brushes in the absence

of the collector.

- 4

  According to the invention an electric machine of the above type

  this is characterized in that the dimensions of the limiting member are adapted to obtain a tight mounting of this member on the cover and in that the machine manifold has at its internal periphery an axially projecting collar for contact with the periphery internal

of the limiting organ.

  Thanks to the contact of the collar with the internal periphery of the limiting member, this member is prevented from becoming

  bias when mounting the machine.

  After mounting the machine (in the presence of the collector), the contact of the flange with the limiting member makes it possible to brake the armature arUre of the machine when it stops. This is particularly important when the machine is a starter as it helps reduce the time

  dead between two start attempts.

  This contact also allows the arUre to be axially wedged

armature.

  The flange according to the invention therefore constitutes a tool for axially moving the mounting member during assembly. This flange belongs after mounting (or assembly) of the machine to a braking and axial wedging device of the armature shaft so that one takes advantage of the limiting member because it is mounted clamping on the hood. This tightening reduces noise and makes the

captive limitation.

  Advantageously, an axial clearance exists after mounting between the cover and the limitation member in order in particular to overcome manufacturing tolerances and obtain with certainty a release of the brushes. This game also allows a good timing

  axial and good braking of the armature shaft.

  The play also makes it possible to provide a ventilation space between the limiting member and the cover. The transmission of A 5 heat from the hood to the limiting member is reduced because

of this game.

  In one embodiment, this flange is fragmented into annular sectors, in particular to provide ventilation spaces. The axial size of the collar is in a reduced embodiment so that it is reduced to a bead of annular shape which is favorable for the reduction of the axial size and for axial reduction

and the robustness of the collar.

  The free end of the flange is in a profiled embodiment for local contact with the limiting member.

  For example, this free end is of rounded shape.

  The collar is in one embodiment in the form of

Gobron.

  The limiting member advantageously comprises a washer

  to reduce the axial dimensions of the machine.

  In one embodiment, this member is a washer tightening on the internal periphery of a sleeve of axial orientation which is secured, for example by welding, to the cover. In another embodiment the washer is connected to the metal cover by frangible means adapted to be broken by the collector during its insertion between

the brooms.

  The cover is then advantageously provided with a housing for

  receipt of the washer after breaking of the frangible means.

  It is the same when the washer is not provided with

- frangible means.

  In all cases, the dimensions of the washer are adapted to obtain a tight mounting of the latter on the hood,

  at least when it is located in the accommodation.

  In one embodiment, in particular for forming the abovementioned housing, the cover has two elevations for fixing and supporting a plate

  electrically insulating bearing the guide cages.

  - 6 - A dogagement is thus achieved between the two elevations which allows for a ventilation space between the electrically insulating plate and the cover. This dogagement belongs to the housing of the washer and can alone constitute the housing. As a variant, the cover is also deformed, for example by stamping outwards to produce the housing. In one embodiment, each elevation has a central zone and two lateral zones, of less radial extent than the central zone, extending from

  on either side of the central area.

  Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to fasten the cages intended to be riveted to the insulating plate by riveting.

  connected to a positive supply terminal.

  Indeed, the radial size difference of the lateral zones makes it possible to implant the fixing rivets of the cages

  above without them being in contact with the cover.

  These rivets are then mounted at the clearance between the two elevations. These lateral zones delimit this clearance and allow, thanks to their shape, the implantation of the fixing rivets of these cages in the clearance between the two elevations, extending by definition projecting relative to the rest of the cover. These elevations are

protuberances.

  To optimize the clearance, the elevations generally have a crescent shape with two lateral zones

  connecting to the outer periphery of the central area.

  The external periphery of the lateral zones advantageously extends the external periphery of the central zone so that the external periphery of the elevations constitutes in a form of real i sat ion a centering zone for the cover with a view to its mounting in the manner of a cover by

  example in the carcass or cylinder head of the rotating machine.

  In all cases, the cover is a multifunction cover and is advantageously made of sheet metal to perform these functions in a simple and economical manner, knowing that the elevations A 7 stiffen the cover, which can therefore be of low thickness. The invention also relates to a method of assembling an electric machine provided with a brush holder assembly as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the steps consisting in riveting the electrical connection members of the brushes on the bonnet, insert the elastic means in the guide cages, position the brushes in the guide cages in abutment against the elastic means, insert the member for limiting the radial displacement of the brushes, and position the brush holder assembly thus produced around the collector of the machine so that the latter exerts by means of its collar a push on the member for limiting the movement of the brushes

  such that the latter are released from said body.

  Other Goals, Features and Benefits

  will emerge from the following description, given only to

  by way of nonlimiting example, and made with reference to the appended drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a support plate for electric brush connection cages of a brush holder assembly according to the state of the technical; - Figure 2 is a perspective view of a cover of the brush holder assembly corresponding to the support plate shown in Figure 1, on which the latter is fixed; - Figure 3 is a perspective view of a brush holder assembly according to the invention; - Figure 4 is a sectional view of a portion of the cover forming a bearing of the assembly of Figure 3, before assembly i - Figure 5 shows the cover of Figure 4 after mounting of an insulating plate; - Figure 6 is a partial sectional view along line VI-VI of the brush holder assembly of Figure 3 i - Figure 7 is a partial sectional view along line VII-VII of the holder assembly brushes of Figure 3;

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  - Figure 8 illustrates another embodiment of a brush assembly according to the invention; and - Figure 9 is a partial sectional view along the

  line IX-IX of the brush holder assembly of figure 8.

  - Figure 10 is a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a brush holder assembly according to the invention, showing the manifold of the machine intended to be inserted between the brushes; - Figure 11 illustrates the brush holder assembly of Figure 10 during insertion of the collector between the brushes and - Figure 12 shows the brush holder assembly of Figures 10 and 11 after complete insertion of the machine manifold between the brooms; - Figure 13 is a front view of the brush holder for a third embodiment; - Figure 14 is a perspective view of the cover of Figure 13; - Figure 15 is a perapective view of the grommet; - Figure 16 is a perspective view of the insulating plate i - Figure 17 is an axial sectional view along line 17-17 of Figure 13; - Figure 18 is a perspective view of an insulation cap of a guide cage; - Figure 19 is a perspective view of a guide cage; - Figure 20 is a partial sectional view showing after mounting the position of the limiting member

moving the brushes.

  Referring to Figures 1 and 2, we will first describe a brush holder assembly according to the state of the

  technical, for motor vehicle starter.

  This brush holder assembly essentially comprises a metal support plate 10, visible in FIG. 1, on which are fixed a set of electrically conductive cages for connecting brushes 12, 14, 16 and 18, with the interposition of a plate, such as that 20, made of electrically insulating material, and a cover 22 forming a rear bearing, visible in FIG. 2, on which the support plate 10 and the cages 12, 14, 16 and 18 which it carries are fixed. The cover 22, as visible in FIG. 2, comprises for example two ears 200, each crossed by a hole 201 for the passage of tie rods (not shown) screwed onto the front bearing of the starter. The front bearing of the starter carries the starter pinion in a manner known in

  itself, as for example in the document FR 2,783,090.

  Two of the cages, namely the cages designated by the reference numerals 12 and 14, intended to receive current return brushes, are connected to the plate.

  support 10 by means of appropriate conductors 124.

  The support plate 10 is fixed by screwing on the

cover 22 forming a bearing.

  The screws used for fixing the support plate 10 on the cover 22 ensure, on the one hand, the mechanical fixing of the plate 10 on the latter and, on the other hand,

  its electrical connection to ground.

  A problem of maintaining the brushes arises before mounting or assembling the machine when the brush holder is not yet mounted on the cylinder head of the machine because the brushes are subjected to the action of elastic means

  biasing these radially towards the center.

  It is therefore necessary to provide a limiting member forming a stop for the radial displacement of the brushes in the absence of the collector that comprises the rotary electric machine. This member, (said limiting member) in one embodiment consists of a washer with an external diameter slightly greater than the external diameter of the collector, which as we know is integral with the armature shaft of the machine and the rotor thereof. This washer can be evacuated after mounting the collector, the cover then being opened centrally for passage of the washer, then closed.

by a cap.

  - 10 An object of the invention is to take advantage of this member for limiting the movement of the brushes towards the center before mounting the machine manifold. We will describe with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7, a first embodiment of a brush holder assembly according to the invention, responding to this wish while allowing further automation without mounting faults of

the brush holder assembly.

  This brush holder assembly, designated by the general reference numeral 24, is intended to be mounted on a carcass of an electric machine constituted by a motor vehicle starter comprising a magnetic contactor comprising a current supply terminal for the cages of power supply to the brush holder assembly. For more details on the starter, see

  example in document FR A 2783090 cited above.

  Referring first to FIG. 3, the brush holder assembly 24 essentially comprises a metal cover 26 forming the rear bearing of the electric machine, and a set of members 28, 30, 32 and 34 for electrical connection. brushes, fixed to the cover 26 by means of rivets. In a manner known per se, the cover 26 forming a bearing is provided with a non-recoiling central cell 35 in which is intended to journall the armature arUre of the

electric machine.

  This cell is delimited by a 35 'socket

  axial orientation described below.

  According to one characteristic, the abovementioned limiting member is in clamping contact at its internal periphery with the external periphery of the sleeve. This tightening depends on the applications and is calibrated to allow an axial displacement of the limiting member axially along the bush 35. The limiting member is thus clamped

on the hood.

  In the embodiment visible in this figure, the electrical connection members of the brushes

- 11 -

  comprise a set of electrically conductive guide cages 36, 38, 40 and 42 each intended to receive and guide a brush, such as 44, and an electrically insulating plate 46, made from a material suitable for the intended use , for example, a moldable material,

such as plastic.

  The guide cages are here made of metal, being here made of precured sheet metal so that the solution is simple and economical. As is conventional, the brushes 44 are intended to come into contact with collecting tracks presented by the electric machine, an elastically deformable member, placed in each cage 36, 38, 40 and 42 urging the brushes radially in abutment against the collecting tracks. of

manifold.

  The collector tracks are axially oriented and the brushes 44 are radially oriented to reverse

  the axial size of the electric machine.

  Part of the cages, namely the two cages designated by the reference numerals 36 and 38, are intended to receive swivel or current return brushes, the other cages, namely the cages designated by the reference numerals 40 and 42, being destinies to

  receive the power supply brushes.

  These brushes are electrically connected in the case of a starter to one of the aforementioned supply terminals of the

  electromagnetic starter contactor.

  Thus, electrically conductive cables, such as copper braids 48, allow, on the one hand, the supply of two of the current supply brushes, via a grommet 49 intended to pass through the carcass of the electric machine to ensure the connection of these brushes to a positive supply terminal and, on the other hand, the connection to earth of the current return brushes 44 by connection of the corresponding cables, by

example by welding, to the cover 26.

  - 12 As will be described in detail below, a washer 64, forming a false collector and constituting an embodiment of the limiting member, allows the assembly of the brush holder assembly by pushing the brushes towards the periphery external. At least two orifices 301, made through the metal cover 26 allow the passage of tie rods, for fixing the cover. In this case, the tie rods pass between the magnets which are fixed inside the carcass to form the inductor. These tie rods are screwed into threads made for example in the front bearing of the starter carrying the front end of the armature arUre 62, the rear end of which is visible in FIGS. 10 to 12

and 20.

  The tie rods pass here inside the carcass, conventionally of cylindrical and metallic shape. It's via

  this carcass that is guaranteed the return to mass.

  Also referring to Figures 4 to 7, the guide cages 36, 38, 40 and 42 are fixed on the plate.

  insulating 46 by means of rivets, such as 50.

  The insulating plate 46 is. meanwhile, fixed on

  the cover 26 forming a bearing by means of rivets 52.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, according to one characteristic, the rivets 52 used for fixing the plate 46 to the cover 26 are each in the form of a hollow rod 54 made integrally with the cover 26

  so as not to deteriorate the sealing thereof.

  The hollow rod 54 is produced by extrusion during the manufacture of the cover 26, by striking the latter against the imprint of a female mold so as to produce, during the demolding, a rod 54 in the form of a collar made of material with cover 26 and extending projecting from

of one of its large faces.

  As can be seen in these figures, the rod 54 of the rivet

  52 has a bottom 56 closed by the material of the cover 26.

  For securing the insulating plate 46 and the cover 26, the rod 54 of each rivet 52 passes through an orifice made in the insulating plate 46 and is folded, by its free end, against the latter In the example of embodiment described in reference in Figures 4 6, the rivets which come from material with the cover 26 forming a bearing Of course, it is possible to make these rivets from the insulating plate 46, by extrusion, so as to practice in the latter a hollow tig obLurA bottom coming s engage in a hole in the hood 26 Riveting is then carried out hot Referring now to FIG. 7, the metal guide cages are, for their part, fixed on the insulating plate 46 by means of conventional rivets 50 Contributions or by means of rivets similar to the rivets described previously, that is to say either came from material with the cages, or came from material with the insulating plate 46 As we can see, the ball carrier assembly but which has just been described, which uses brush guide cages, here metallic, fixed directly on the cover forming the bearing of the electric machine that they are intended to supply, using rivets coming from material either with an insulating plate on which the cages are fixed, either with the cover, allows assembly of the assembly by means of automatic machinery, while reducing costs and significantly improving the heat exchange between the cages and the cover. good Seals the water insofar as rivets made of rods are plugged at the bottom Obviously understood, as a variant, the cages are made of plastic. It will however be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described. in the exemplary embodiment described previously with reference to FIGS. 3 7, the two brushes - 14 for current return are in agreement with the ground by means of conductors connected to the cover 26 As visible in the figs res 8 and 9, on which elements identified those of FIGS. 3 7 are designated by the same digital references, it is possible to fix the cages 36 and 38 directly on the cover 26 by means of rivets similar to those described previously, it is To be said, for example, in the form of hollow rods coming from material either with the cages 36 and 38 or with the cover 26, so as to ensure their mechanical fixing on the cover 26 and their electrical connection with the latter, the other cages 40 and 42 As for them, fixed as previously described, on the insulating plate 46 by swiveling The plate 46 is then simplified Of course, these current return cages can also be directly welded on the cover 26 Finally, it will be noted that it st possible to make each rivet in any suitable form for the intended use, that is to say in the form of a solid rod, rods in the form of claws We will now describe, with reference to Figures 10 12, a another example of making a brush holder assembly according to the invention In these figures, elements identical to those of the brush holder assemblies described previously in reference to FIGS. 3g bear the same digital references I1 is the same in FIGS. 13 20 Referring first to FIG. 10, as in the embodiment described previously, the brush holder assembly includes a metal cover 26 forming the rear bearing of the electric machine, and a set of cages, such as 38 and 40, each intended to receive and guide a brush, such as 44, which is intended to come into contact with collector tracks of a collector 60 of the electric machine - 15 A part of the cages, here metallic, is intended to receive brushes negative or current return, the other cages being intended to receive the brushes

power supply.

  The brush guide cages are fixed to the cover 26 by means of rivets identical to those described above with interposition, at least as regards

  the power brushes, an insulating plate 46.

  With regard to the cover 26 forming a bearing, this is provided with a central cell 35 of generally cylindrical shape, not opening, in which is intended to

  rotate the armature shaft 62 of the electric machine.

  The socket 35 is delimited by a socket 35 'described below. As indicated above, the brushes 44 are inserted into the cages 38 and 40 with the insertion of an elastic member shown at 45 in FIG. 17 urging the brushes, in operation, to bear against the collecting tracks of the

  collector 60 of the rotating electrical machine. In the unassembled state, visible in FIGS. 10, 11 and 17, and in

  particularly when the collector 60 is not yet inserted between the brushes 44, a member for limiting the radial displacement of the brushes is used against which these

  the latter abut in the absence of a collector 60.

  More particularly, and as mentioned above, this limiting member, designated by the general reference numeral 64, is in the form of a washer, described below, inserted between the brushes 44 against the peripheral wall of which the

3 0 brushes 44.

  The external diameter of the washer 64 is substantially greater than the corresponding diameter of the manifold 60 so as to delimit sufficient space to allow

insertion of the latter.

  As seen in Figure 10, the washer 64 is inserted on the outer periphery of the cell 35 of the

  cover 26, that is to say on the socket 35 '.

  - 16 Referring now to Figures 11 and 12, upon insertion of the collector 60, it exerts a force on the washer 64 as it moves the latter along the brushes. At the end of the collector 60 travel, that is to say after assembly of the machine when the collector is completely inserted between the brushes 44, the washer 64 is housed in a recess 66 formed for this purpose in the cover 26. In this position, the brushes are released from the washer 64 and therefore come to bear, under the action of the elastic means provided for this purpose, against the collector tracks of the collector 60 secured to the armature arUre

62 of the machine.

  According to one characteristic, as in FIG. 3, the internal diameter of the washer 64 is chosen to obtain a tight fit of the latter on the external periphery of the sleeve 35 'of the cell 35, in the storage position, in order to 'Avoid it balloLte in the housing 66, which could cause noise during the operation of the starter. Of course, before mounting the machine, that is to say in the absence of the collector, this round is maintained by the radially internal press ion

  exerted by the brushes biased by the springs 45.

  As can be seen, after mounting the electric machine, the washer 64 constitutes a surface against which the free end of the collector comes to bear, as best seen in FIG. 20. This surface can be used to quickly brake the armature during stopping the electric machine. This considerably reduces the

  noise generated during the downturn.

  This characteristic is particularly advantageous when the electric machine is constituted by a motor vehicle starter, insofar as it allows

  reduce downtime between two start attempts.

  It is also understood that the washer 64 can be

  used to achieve an axial setting of the armature.

  - 17 For these applications, provision is preferably made for an elastic member between the washer 64 and the cover 26 of

  so as to urge it to bear against the collector.

  In the embodiment which has just been described, it has been considered that the washer 64 is constituted by a

  separate member of the cover 26 on which it is mounted.

  Of course, in particular in the cases where the cover 26 is produced by molding a plastic material, the washer 64 can be produced in the form of a member molded with the cover 26 and connected to the latter by means frangible, for example in the form of arms adapted to be broken by the collector 60 during its insertion. It will be noted that the assembly operation of an electric machine provided with a brush holder assembly according to this example of real i sati on is a relatively easy operation to implement in a production line at high speed. , as far as o, after riveting the electrical connection members of the brushes on the cover 26, it is simply necessary to insert elastic means in the guide cages, to position the brushes 44 in the cages, bearing against the elastic means 50, insert the washer 64 on the socket 35 'of the socket 35 so as to separate the brushes enough to allow the insertion of the manifold 60, then finally insert the manifold so

  that the armature shaft 62 is inserted into the alvecle 35.

  A bearing, referenced 500 in FIG. 20, is interposed radially between the end of the armature arUre and the internal periphery of the bush 35 'for swiveling mounting of the shaft 62 so that the cover constitutes

  the rear bearing of the electric machine.

  As indicated above, during the insertion of the collector 60, the latter exerts a thrust on the washer 64 until it comes to engage in the clearance 66 and releases the brushes which therefore come to bear against the

collector collector tracks.

  - 18 We then proceed to the actual fixing of the cover 26 to the rest of the machine, using tie rods,

in a manner known per se.

  Finally, it will be noted that the arrangement described above with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12, in which a brush holding washer is used which is positioned after assembly of the starter in the housing constitutes a construction independent of the type of mounting used for the

  fixing of the electrical connection members of the brushes.

  As is evident from the description and

  drawings the cover 26, forming the rear bearing, has elevations for fixing and supporting the plate

  46 in electrically insulating material.

  These elevations stiffen the cover 26, carry the fixing rivets 52 of the plate 46 and define

  flat areas for support and support of the plate 46.

  The cover 26 is in one embodiment obtained

  by molding, especially when it is based on aluminum.

  Advantageously, the cover 26 is made of sheet metal stamped in

  so that the realization is simple and economical.

  Furthermore, this makes it possible to lighten the cover 26 and to reduce the thickness of the latter, which is favorable for reducing the axial size of the electric machine,

  for example a motor vehicle starter.

  Indeed the elevations are obtained by stamping so that the cover 26 has at its outer face hollow areas. These elevations stiffen the cover 26, which can thus have a thickness

  favorable relapse for its stamping.

  In all the figures shown, the cover 26 is

  a closure piece without holes so that it is waterproof.

  This cover has a housing for the washer 64 after

mounting of the electric machine.

  We will also appreciate that the elevations allow the creation between them of a dogagement referenced in 129 in Figure 7. This clearance allows to create a space

  between the plate 46 and the cover 26.

  Thanks to this space, the rivets 50 for fixing the cages, 42 of metal will not come into contact with the cover.

  so that any short circuit is avoided.

  Thanks to the clearance 129 a ventilation space exists between the plate 46 and the cover 26. This dogagement

  at least partially delimits the housing of the washer 64.

  Of course the present invention is not limited

  to the embodiments described.

  In particular, the cover 26, of annular shape, can be shaped so that it comes into intimate contact with the cylindrical carcass of the electric machine shown in

  part dotted at 100 in Figure 12.

  It is inside this carcass, in a known manner, that the armature of the electric motor of the electric machine is housed, the arUre of which bears the reference 62. The carcass is produced for example by rolling a tale and stapling thereof. The cover 26 constitutes a cover for

carcass closing 100.

  Of course it is possible to optimize the shape of the

elevations.

  As can be seen in Figures 13,14 the cover 26 has two elevations 126,127 vis-à-vis extending symmetrically on either side of the diameter D-D of the

figure 13.

  Each elevation is obtained here by stamping the cover 26 into a table and has a central fixing zone and two lateral stabilization zones 131, 132 extending ciraonferentially on either side of the

central area 130.

  The elevations 126,127 are globally in the form of a crescent with two lateral zones 131,132 connecting to the external periphery of the zone

central 130.

  The outer peripheries of zones 131,132 extend

  the outer periphery of the central area 130.

  - 20 The upper face of the elevations 126,127 is flat for support and support of the plate 46 in material

  electrically insulating, here in bakelitte.

  Each. central zone 130 has the fastening rivets 52 of the plate 46 made of material with the cover 26 i each rivet 52 having a rod 54 made of material

  with the cover 26 above.

  Each central zone 130 is of greater radial extent than the two lateral zones 131, 132 said to be stabilization because they only serve to support the plate 46, while the central zone 130 is used to support

  and fixing the plate 46.

  The lateral zones 131, 136 are in the form of an annular sector. The central zone 130 has globally a trapezoidal shape; its internal periphery 133 is circular to allow the passage of the washer 64 for holding the

brushes 44.

  The diameter on which the internal peripheries of the elevations 126,127 are installed is therefore greater than the

  outer diameter of the washer 64.

  Similarly, the plate 46 has a central bore allowing the passage of the washer 64. The internal diameter of the plate 46 is therefore greater than that of the washer 64. This washer 64 has at its outer periphery a washer extended radially inwards. by a central part fragmented into tabs 164 in favor of

  blind slots 165 separating the tabs two by two 164.

  The slots 165 are radial slots, which open into

  the central opening of the washer 64.

  The washer 64 thus has an elasticity which allows it to come to tighten, as mentioned above,

  on socket 35 'of alvecle 35.

  Here as in FIGS. 10 to 12, the cover 26 is stamped centrally to form a protuberance 235 (FIGS. 17, 20) extending in the direction opposite to the

overHelps 126,127.

  This proLubrance comprises a concave frustoconical door 335 on which is fixed by welding the chamfered end S of the socket 35 '. Welding can be carried out by any type of welding, such as arc welding,

  resistance welding and laser welding.

  The cover 26 thus presents an additional function, namely a support function for the sleeve 35 '

cell 35.

* This 35 'socket itself has a double function, namely a support function for the washer 64, its external part and its internal part, a support function for a bearing 500, here a plain bearing as a variant, a needle bearing, for the armature shaft 62 end of

  Alectrique engine of the Alectrique machine.

  The cover 26 thus equipped constitutes the rear bearing

of the Alectrique machine.

  The electrically insulating plate 46 is simple and economical in shape and has a flat 146 and two recesses 147 and a central hole for passage of the

washer 64.

  As can be seen in FIG. 13, the Avidements 147 are provided so as not to block the holes 301 and to allow the passage of the fixing bolts (not visible) for the cover 26, constituting the rear bearing. The flat 146 makes it possible to clear the central zone 130 of the elevation 127 for welding the ends of the conductors 48 of the brushes of the cages 36, 38 of current current the central zone 130 of the elevation 127 as visible in FIG. 13, the welds

so many represented in ours <.

  Clearances 147 are diametrically opposed. [at the depth of the clearances 147 is a function of the diameter of the holes 301. [the clearances have a D-shape here. The position of the holes 301 on either side of the diameter DD is due to the installation of the tie rods at the level of the front bearing of

the electric machine.

  - 22 The plate 46 also has holes for the passage of rivets 52 with hollow rod 54 and rivets 50 here

  in one piece with the cages 36,38,40,42.

  As can be seen in FIG. 13, the current return cages 38.36, located here at 120 ° relative to each other, and the current supply cages 40.42, also located here at 120 ° relative to each other. to the other, are arranged on either side of the diameter of symmetry DD constituting the axis of symmetry of the notches 147. The cages 42 and 38 are installed symmetrically on either side of the diameter DD with an angular offset of 60One by

  compared to each other. The same is true for cages 40 and 46.

  Thus the cages 42 and 36 are diametrically opposite and the same is true of the cages 40 and 38. The axes of the cages are therefore arranged in the form of an X to leave a large circumferential distance between the two cages respectively of current supply and of current return in order to have a large gap between the rivets 52 of the same elevation. Of course, depending on the applications, the angles between the cages can be modified while having an X-shaped arrangement of the axes of the cages provided, on the one hand, symmetrically with respect to a diameter of the cover 26, generally in the form of a disc, and on the other hand,

  circumferentially in a non-regular manner.

  These metal cages, as best seen in Figure 19, generally have a U shape with a bottom

  for guiding the associated shoe 44.

  The branches of the U are centrally each provided with a cylindrical zone for defining a cylindrical housing for mounting the return spring 45, here of the

  coil spring type urging the brush 44 towards the center.

  Each brush 44, as best seen in FIG. 17, has a stud (not referenced) for centering the lower end of the spring 45, the upper end of which bears on retaining lugs 381 from the branches of the cages. - 23 More precisely, the spring and the brush 44 are mounted in each cage, then the lugs 381 are closed to lock the spring 45; the washer 64 being of course

  in position not to lose the brushes 44.

  Of course one of the branches of the cage has a blind slot (not referenced in Figure 19) for the

  passage of the conductor 48 integral with each brush 44.

  Here two retaining lugs 381 of the spring 45 concerned

are planned by branches.

  The legs 381 are directed towards each other and are produced by cutting through a slot. The free ends of the branches of the cages are each extended by a wing (not referenced in FIG. 19) extending parallel to the bottom of the cage. The wings are intended to come into contact with the pIaquette 46 and are shaped to present the rivets 50 which have come here integrally with its wings. The wings are therefore wings for fixing the cages and are obtained by folding the fact that the cages are metallic. The metallic nature of the cages makes it possible to simplify them while giving them the desired shape and functions. The cages therefore have a simple and economical form. To avoid any short-circuit, the current supply cages 40, 42 are, in a variant, closed off by a cap 140 made of electrically insulating material, here in

moldable plastic.

  Each cap 140 covers the branches of the cages, 42 at the legs 381 thereof. Each hood 140 has a bottom carrying two half-pins 141,142 each provided with ribs 143 intended to forcely engage between the two branches of the cages on either side of the cylindrical portions thereof, that is to say say on both sides

legs 381.

  Each hood has a peripheral rim perpendicular to its bottom. This reLord is interrupted at the level of the half-pin 141 intended to engage locally - 24 by its ribs with the part of the branches of the cages adjacent to the wings carrying the rivets. The cages 40, 42 are therefore each encircled by the edge of the cap 140, thus being mounted by snap-fastening in the cages having an elasticity for closing the upper part thereof radially. It will be appreciated that the insulating plate 46 offers a

  support for brushes and support cages.

  The other elevation 126 is extended outwardly by a tab 134 extending radially projecting from the outer periphery 135 of the cover 26, generally in the form of an annular disc. It is on this tab 134 that the grommet 49 is generally mounted in the form of a square. To do this, the grommet 49 (FIG. 15) has an upper wing 153 extended by a portion (not referenced) having a hole 152 intended to engage in a complementary manner on the tab 134 of section

rectangular like hole 152.

  - Through the hole 152 the grommet 49 is fixed on the cover 26, knowing that its other wing 150, perpendicular to the upper wing 153, is intended to come into contact with

  the upper face of the plate 46.

  This wing 150, according to one characteristic, is elongated circumferentially to cover the two fixing rivets 52 made integrally with the cover 26. Thus, any short circuit between the rivets 52 and the conductors 48 of the cages 40, 42 is avoided. These two conductors 48 are fixed, for example by welding, to an electrically conductive connecting element 148 passing through a passage hole 149

  provided in the upper wing 153 with rounded free end.

  The edge of the wing 153 is provided with a groove 151 for mounting the pass-through on the edge of a notch made at the end of the metal carcass or cylinder head 100. The height of the groove 151 is a function of the thickness of the carcass 100. The notch of the carcass 100 has a shape

  complementary to that of the bottom of groove 151.

  - 25 A1nsi the wing 153 term of tight mania the notch of the carcass, thus presenting a rounded bottom, because the sides of its groove cover the carcass The grommet 49 is therefore mounted by axial threading on the carcass 100 , advantageously with tightening The grommet 49, made of electrically insulating, flexible and deformable material, such as Alastomer or rubber provides, in addition to electrical insulation functions, fixing functions; the groove 151 being clamped on the carcass 100, the hole 152 being clamped on the free end of the tab 134, while the connecting piece 148 serage crosses the hole 149 Because of these clampings, good sealing is obtained The grommet 49 is therefore also a sealing part. It will be appreciated that the external periphery 128, of annular shape, of the raised areas 16,127 extends slightly radially below the external periphery 135 of the cover 26 The diameter of the external periphery 135 of the housing is therefore slightly higher than that of the external elevation of the elevation 126.127 This difference in diameter is a function of the thickness of the carcass 100 of faggn that the carcass comes to rest on the cover 26 beyond the external periphery 128 as can be seen in figure 17 The external 128 of the elevations is in intimate contact with the internal perimeter of the carcass as can be seen in this figure 17 The external part 12A of the elevation, overall of {cy elm lindique, taking into account the height of the elevations 126,127, therefore defines a centering diameter on the cylinder head 100 The cover is therefore mounted centering on the cylinder head 100 by embedding in it. Figure 14 because they are obtained by stamping - 26 In this figure 14 the socket 35 'is not yet

fixed on the cover 26.

  In FIGS. 13 to 20, the thickness of the raised areas is greater than the thickness of the washer 64 so that the presence of the clearance 66 in FIGS. 10 to 12 is not necessary, the clearance 129 between the raised areas performing this function. Of course one can provide a stop washer for the end of the armature shaft 62 as visible at 400 in Figure 17. In this case the washer

  400 is mounted in the bottom of the protuberance 235.

  The assembly is carried out as in FIGS. 10 to 12, FIG. 17 representing the brush holder assembly before assembly of the collector and FIG. 20 representing the position just after complete insertion of the collector between

the brooms.

  This collector 60 has electrically conductive tracks 161 carried by a support 160 made of electrically solid material, so known in a known manner.

  armature shaft 62 of the electric machine.

  The support 160 is conventionally made of plastic, its internal bore being stepped in diameter, as visible in FIG. 20, for housing the socket 35 '; the free end of the armature strip 62 being of reduced diameter for its rotational mounting in the bearing 500 carried

internally by the socket 35 '.

  According to one characteristic, in combination with the tightening of the limiting member 64 tightly mounted on the cover 26, the support 160 - and therefore the collector 60 - has at its free end a flange 163 of orientation

  axial, here integral with the support 160 by molding.

  The collar 163 is continuous or alternatively fragmented in

annular sectors by slots.

  The collar 163 is located at the periphery

  internal of the support 160 and therefore of the collector 60.

  The collar 163 extends the internal bore of the

support 160.

  - 27 Here the collar 163, of annular shape, is of short axial length so that it has the shape of

annular bead.

  The free end of the flange is rounded in shape for local contact with the washer 64. Any other shape of the flange for local contact with the

washer 64 is possible.

  Here the collar has the shape of a gadroon. During assembly, the collector 60 therefore pushes on the washer 64 for holding the brushes 44 on the internal periphery of

  it so that it does not risk tipping over.

  The godron 163 therefore comes into contact with the tongues 164 of the washer to move the

  washer 64 tightly mounted on socket 35 '.

  No tilting is therefore to be feared.

  Finally, after mounting on the carcass 100, a clearance J exists between the washer 64 and the cover 26 and the godron 163 is in contact with the washer 64. This clearance avoids a transmission of heat between the cover and the washer 64 by avoiding manufacturing tolerances and ensuring after assembly of the machine a release of the brushes. When the electric motor of the machine stops there is therefore a braking of the armature arUre thanks to the gadroon

contact with washer 64.

  A rear braking device is produced. We

  takes advantage of the tight fitting of washer 64.

  The godron 163 has a double function and therefore constitutes both a tool for axial displacement of the washer 64 for release of the brushes 44 and a braking member for

  the shaft 62 secured to the support 160 in a known manner.

  Of course we can reverse the structures. For example, the protuberance 235 can be directed towards the collector 60 and the frustoconical surface of the sleeve 35 ′ can be produced at the internal periphery of the latter. In this case it is necessary to provide a clearance for receiving the washer as

  visible at 66 in Figures 10 to 12.

  The collar 163 may be longer axially.

  The height of the 126,127 raised areas depends on the application. The central zone 130 can be extended in order to eliminate the lateral zones associated with the cages 36, 38 connected to the ground when these cages are fixed directly

  on the cover as shown in figure 9.

  One of the elevations can therefore be devoid of

side wings.

  Here the cages 40,42 are advantageously side by side.

  Of course, as a variant, they can be diametrically

  opposoes. In this case it is necessary to provide two grommets.

  In connection with the method of attachment in FIG. 9, it can be seen that each elevation may have only one zone

  1S lateral lower than the other fixing zone.

  It will be appreciated that the washer 69 for limiting the radial displacement of the brushes, the flange 163 and the elevations 126, 127 are of universal use and therefore also apply to the solutions described in the

  pages 1 and 2 of the description. The brush holder assembly can

  therefore use fixing screws.

  Of course, the electric machine can be an actuator for controlling the wiping brushes of a motor vehicle or for controlling the fan of

vehicle cooling.

  Finally, the variant limiting member consists of a washer secured at its internal periphery to a tube clamped on the external periphery of the sleeve. For example, the tube is made of plastic and has tabs at its axial ends. clamping on the outer periphery of the socket 35 ', which belongs to the cover 26. As a variant, the tube internally carries two seals

  clamped on the 35 'socket.

- 29

Claims (12)

CLAIMS 1. Electric machine comprising a collector (60) integral with an armature shaft (62, a brush holder assembly, comprising a cover (26) forming a bearing intended to be mounted on a machine carcass and a set of 'organs (28, 530, 32, 34) of electrical connection of the brushes mounted on the cover (26), wherein a part of the electrical connection members of said brushes is constituted by guide cages (36, 38, 40, 42 ) adapted to receive a respective brush (44) i lesUites guide cages being provided internally with elastic means (45) urging, in operation, the brushes radially in abutment against the manifold (60) of the electric machine, and in which a member (64), said limiting member, forming a stop limiting the radial movement of the brushes in the absence of a collector is provided, characterized in that the dimensions of the limiting member (64) are adapted to obtain a tight mounting of this member on the cover (26) and in that the manifold (60) of the machine has at its internal periphery a flange (163) axially projecting for contact with the internal periphery of the limiting member (64).   2.Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that after assembly of the machine a game   axial (j) exists between the manifold (60) and the cover (26).   3. Electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the free end of the collar is   profile for local contact with the limiting member (64).   4. Electric machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the collar (163) is in the form of pinstripe.   5.Electric machine according to any one of   previous claims, characterized in that the   collector (60) has a support (160) carrying collecting tracks (161) for the brushes (44) and in that the   support has at its free end the flange (163).   6.Electric machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the support (160) has an internal bore and in that the flange (163) extends the bore internal of the support (160).   7.Electric machine according to any one of   claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the   limitation of the radial displacement of the brushes comprises a washer (64) interposed between the brushes, on the peripheral wall of which the brushes come to bear and whose external diameter is substantially greater than that of the collector.   8.Electric machine according to any one of   Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cover (26)   is provided with a housing (129,66) for receiving the limitation (64).   9.Electric machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the housing is formed at least in part by a dogagement (129) delimited by two elevations (126,127) that has the cover (26) for fixing a plate (46 ) electrically   insulating integral with the guide cages (36,38,40,42).   lO.Machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the elevations (126,127) have at least one fixing zone (130) of the plate (46) and a lateral zone (131,132) of smaller radial extent to create the clearance ( 129) also allowing the fixing of at least a guide cage.   11. Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the raised areas have two lateral zones (131,132) extending on either side of a central fixing zone (130) of the plate, and in that the zones lateral are connected to the external periphery of the central zone (130) by having a radial extent less than the central area (130).   12. Machine according to any one of   Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the cover   (26) door for fixing a sleeve (35 ') of orientation - 31 axial and in that the limiting member (64) is intended to come to clamp on the outer periphery of the socket (35 ').   13. Machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the limiting member is a washer comprising a central part fragmented into tongues (164) by means of blind slots (165), in that the tongues (164) are intended to be clamped on the external periphery of the sleeve (35 ') and in that in the absence of a collector the brushes (44) come to bear on the external periphery of the washer (64) whose external diameter is substantially higher than that of the manifold (60).   14. Machine according to one of the few   Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cages   guide (36,38,40,42) are mounted on the cover (26) by means of rivets (50, 52) which each comprise at least one rod (54) extending from one of the component parts by the cover (26) and one of the said members (28, 30, 32, 34), passing through an orifice made in the other part and folded against the latter, and in that said rod (54) has come in one piece with the piece from   which it extends and has a closed base (56).   15.A method of assembling an electric machine provided with a brush holder assembly according to any one of the   previous claims, characterized in that it comprises   the steps consisting in: - riveting the electrical connection members of the brushes on the cover (26), - inserting the elastic means in the guide cages, - positioning the brushes (44) in the guide cages bearing against the elastic means , - insert the member (64) for limiting the radial displacement of the brushes, and - position the brush holder assembly thus produced around the manifold (60) of the machine so that the latter - 32 exerts via the collar (163) a push on the member (64) for limiting the movement of   brushes such that the latter are released from said member.