FR2813916A1 - Device for occulation of solar rays comprises parallel inclined slats spaced to allow air circulation and fixed to removable panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The device is composed of parallel slats inclined to 30o to 45o to the horizontal and spaced from each other to allow free air circulation. The slats are fixed to removable square panels whose inclination is fixed.

Description

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La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour occulter les rayons lumineux notamment solaires. Ces derniers le sont traditionnellement par une toile en tissu t disposée horizontalement à une certaine hauteur du sol et recevant le rayonnement solaire (figure 1).

Le rôle de la toile est d'occulter les rayons R du soleil, ce qu'elle fait en partie. N'étant que peu ou pas réfléchissante, le rayonnement reçu R est absorbé puis ré-émis et diffusé par la face inférieure de la toile vers le sol, sous forme de chaleur C , contribuant ainsi à échauffer l'air qui se trouve sous elle. Comme la toile ne permet pas à l'air échauffé de s'échapper vers le haut, la température ambiante sous la toile s'élève. I1 suffit de retirer brusquement la toile pour ressentir immédiatement une certaine fraîcheur due à l'air chaud qui s'échappe vers le haut et à l'air froid qui descend pour prendre sa place. En résumé, une toile (de store par exemple) exposée au rayonnement solaire R - a sa face inférieure toujours plus ou moins lumineuse, - échauffe l'air qui séjourne sous elle, - s'oppose à ce que cet air chaud s'évacue vers le haut, - crée de ce fait une ambiance surchauffée plus ou moins désagréable. L'objet de la présente invention est de remédier efficacement à ces inconvénients et de permettre, en plus, grâce à la diversité des matériaux utilisables ainsi qu'à leur couleur, des effets décoratifs voire artistiques. Les panneaux objets de l'invention, sont constitués(figure 2), de lames relativement minces L , en

The present invention relates to a device for obscuring light rays, in particular solar rays. The latter are traditionally covered by a fabric cloth t arranged horizontally at a certain height from the ground and receiving solar radiation (Figure 1).

The role of the canvas is to obscure the R rays of the sun, which it does in part. Being little or not reflecting, the received radiation R is absorbed then re-emitted and diffused by the lower face of the fabric towards the ground, in the form of heat C, thus contributing to heat the air which is under it . As the fabric does not allow heated air to escape upwards, the ambient temperature under the fabric rises. It is enough to suddenly remove the canvas to immediately feel a certain freshness due to the hot air which escapes upwards and the cold air which descends to take its place. In summary, a fabric (for example a blind) exposed to solar radiation R - its underside always more or less luminous, - heats the air which stays under it, - prevents this hot air from being evacuated upwards - thereby creates a more or less unpleasant overheated atmosphere. The object of the present invention is to effectively remedy these drawbacks and to allow, in addition, thanks to the diversity of the materials that can be used as well as to their color, decorative or even artistic effects. The panels which are the subject of the invention are made up (FIG. 2) of relatively thin blades L, in

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matériaux solides, disposés parallèlement à elles mêmes, inclinées d'un angle a , par rapport à un plan horizontal et suffisamment espacées pour que l'air puisse circuler librement de bas en haut tout en occultant totalement les rayons du soleil. Des calculs sur lesquels il est inutile de s'étendre ici montrent qu'une optimisation des coûts de fabrication ainsi que des échanges thermiques (flux d'air entre les lames) conduisent à des valeurs de a de l'ordre de 30 à 45 , pour des lames L dont la largeur 1 est de l'ordre de plusieurs centimètres. Les matériaux constitutifs de ces lames L sans que l'énumération en soit limitative, peuvent être - des métaux de couleurs ou de profils variés, - des matériaux plastiques (poly carbonates, composites, fibre de Carbonne, etc...) également de couleurs ou de profils variés, - du verre (plus ou moins teinté ou totalement réfléchissant) de couleurs variées, - du béton, - des céramiques, etc.... La surface supérieure des lames pourra notamment être noire mate. Le panneau est constitué d'un pourtour rigide (figure3) généralement de 1M x 2M en profilés d'acier ou d'aluminium p . A l'intérieur de ce cadre sont disposées les lames L fixées à chacune de leur extrémité dans des supports solidaires du dit pourtour (s'il s'agit de lames de verre notamment) ou directement rivetées sur lui dans le cas de lames métalliques.

solid materials, arranged parallel to themselves, inclined at an angle a, to a horizontal plane and sufficiently spaced that the air can circulate freely from bottom to top while completely obscuring the rays of the sun. Calculations which need not be discussed here show that an optimization of manufacturing costs as well as heat exchanges (air flow between the blades) lead to values of a of the order of 30 to 45, for blades L whose width 1 is of the order of several centimeters. The constituent materials of these blades L without the list being limiting, can be - metals of colors or varied profiles, - plastic materials (poly carbonates, composites, carbon fiber, etc.) also of colors or of various profiles, - glass (more or less tinted or totally reflecting) of various colors, - concrete, - ceramics, etc. The upper surface of the slats may in particular be matt black. The panel consists of a rigid periphery (Figure 3) generally 1M x 2M in steel or aluminum profiles p. Inside this frame are arranged the blades L fixed at each of their ends in supports integral with said circumference (in the case of glass blades in particular) or directly riveted to it in the case of metal blades.

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Comme le montre le dessin de la (figure 4), quelle que soit l'inclinaison I du soleil par rapport à l'horizon, ses rayons ne peuvent traverser le panneau. Cette propriété existe que le soleil soit pratiquement au zénith ou proche de son levant ou de son couchant. Il suffit que l'orientation générale des lames soit approximativement NORD-SUD. Quand à la libre circulation de l'air, elle s'effectue toujours aussi correctement. Un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention est détaillé (figure 3) où l'angle a a été choisi égal à 30 . Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, (figure 5), les extrémités des lames sont noyées, en cours de fabrication, dans un support souple s (caoutchouc momentanément liquide, polymères variés restant souples, etc....) de telle sorte, qu'après solidification du matériau en question, il soit possible d'obtenir un ruban souple de lames (toujours toutes parallèles entre elles)de plusieurs mètres de long que l'on puisse disposer si ce n'est dérouler sur des supports de grande largeur réalisés à cet effet ou que l'on commercialisera en l'état, à charge pour l'acquéreur, de réaliser lui même les supports en question. Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, (figure 6), les extrémités des lames sont liées au châssis qui les contient par un dispositif faisant office d'axe de rotation pour celles-ci (oeillet ayant un peu de jeu par exemple). Il devient alors possible de disposer verticalement les lames en l'absence de soleil ou de les incliner plus ou moins si on désire réaliser un dosage du rayonnement solaire transmis. Un mode de réalisation de cette oscillation des lames

As shown in the drawing in (figure 4), whatever the inclination I of the sun relative to the horizon, its rays cannot pass through the panel. This property exists whether the sun is almost at its zenith or close to its rising or setting. It suffices that the general orientation of the boards is approximately NORTH-SOUTH. As for the free circulation of air, it always works just as well. A particular embodiment of the invention is detailed (FIG. 3) where the angle a has been chosen equal to 30. According to another embodiment of the invention (FIG. 5), the ends of the blades are embedded, during manufacture, in a flexible support s (momentarily liquid rubber, various polymers remaining flexible, etc.) of so that after solidification of the material in question, it is possible to obtain a flexible strip of blades (always all parallel to each other) of several meters in length that can be arranged if not unroll on supports large width made for this purpose or that will be sold as is, at the expense of the purchaser, to produce the supports in question himself. According to a third embodiment of the invention (FIG. 6), the ends of the blades are linked to the chassis which contains them by a device acting as an axis of rotation for them (eyelet having a little play for example ). It then becomes possible to arrange the blades vertically in the absence of sun or to tilt them more or less if one wishes to carry out a metering of the transmitted solar radiation. An embodiment of this oscillation of the blades

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 is described (Figure 6) where an openwork blade S is movable in translation in a V-r rail having in its middle a slot F.

The finger d, fixed in the middle of each blade, enters the orifice 0 of the blade s which corresponds to it.

The rail r in which the perforated blade slides s is located in the middle of the panel and constitutes in a way a small beam which does not support the blades but which is used to move them by means of the blade S.

This central arrangement of the rail r avoids having to exert a force at each end of the blades, an effort which is difficult to coordinate with that which must be exerted at the other end. The blade S can also be a portion of roller chains.

According to a fourth embodiment of the invention, (FIG. 7), the light beam or rail r is replaced by a more robust beam P still disposed in the middle of each panel but which has a double function: supporting the blades and making them oscillate.

A connecting rod b moved manually or motorized, by translating, allows to obtain any desired inclination.

The fact of making the blades oscillate using a single beam which carries them in the middle, (figure 7), makes it possible to avoid any rigid periphery holding them by their ends.

Each blade can then be of different length or color, (Figure 8), which will allow decorative or even artistic effects varied, whether observed from above or below, without detracting from the effectiveness of the together with respect to light or solar radiation or to the vertical circulation of air.

In another variant, there are blades integral with

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 removable panels of several square meters, their inclination a being fixed.

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Claims (5)

 1) Device for occulting light rays and more particularly solar rays, characterized in that it consists of blades parallel to each other, inclined between 30 to 45 relative to the horizontal and spaced from one another in order to allow free circulation air, all the blades to be oriented substantially NORDSUD. 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized by blades integral with removable panels of several square meters, their inclination a being fixed. 3) Device according to claim 1, characterized by blades integral with each other by their ends, thanks to a flexible material, such as rubber or various polymer products, which makes it possible to deposit them quickly on supports prepared in advance, the inclination has blades being fixed. 4) Device according to claim 1, characterized by an inclination has blades which can be modified at will, without ceasing to be parallel, until they are made vertical by sliding a piece S arranged in a horizontal rail, the rail being unique in the middle of the panel. 5) Device according to claim 1, characterized by the existence of a P beam, robust, supporting the weight of the blades in their center while allowing them to be inclined and therefore leaving their ends free, the length, the shape and color can then vary from one blade to another.