FR2793270A1 - Modular staircase comprises modules installed on support coffering and locked by coffering horizontal and vertical support walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The staircase comprises at least one linear module (4,5,6) installed like the floor on a support coffering (1,2,3). The modules are locked by three support surfaces. The first horizontal support is formed by the floor or by the top of the support coffering (1a,3a). The second vertical support is constituted by the vertical wall of the adjacent support coffering (1b,3b) or by the vertical wall of a floor step. The third vertical support is constituted by the vertical wall of an additional step (9), by the upper end of the adjacent lower module (5,6) or by the vertical wall of the last step before the landing.

Description

Description

  The invention relates to a modular modular staircase, linear or having angle landings, allowing access to a higher level through a hopper as well

  than the modules intended for the construction of such a staircase.

  The stairs commonly used are often bulky and cause a significant loss of space when the house is small. The large size of traditional stairs is particularly annoying when they are used to connect

  a level above the attic or in a duplex apartment.

  We have tried to remedy these drawbacks, in particular for access to the attic, by using folding or sliding staircases which can be retracted into the attic before the hopper is closed by a hatch. Opening takes place

  using an operating pole.

  This solution is satisfactory as long as access to the attic is done only occasionally. The use of such stairs is also quite acrobatic and security and comfort often leave something to be desired. Their use is therefore inconvenient. Furthermore, to ensure the retraction of the staircase, it is necessary to reserve a corresponding place in the attic without which the retraction device cannot

not work properly.

  Another solution is to install an open staircase between the two levels.

  The absence of partitioning of the levels leads to heat exchanges which

  cause, especially in winter, untimely heat loss.

  In addition, it is difficult to optimally occupy the space below

  the staircase, which causes an unnecessary loss of space.

  The invention therefore aims to remedy these various drawbacks by developing a modular modular staircase capable of adapting to the greatest possible number of situations while ensuring maximum comfort and safety of use. The invention also aims to make the best use of the space located under the staircase to arrange storage areas. Finally, it also aims

  avoid heat exchange between the different levels.

  The object of the invention is achieved by the modular modular staircase according to the invention characterized in that it comprises at least one linear module consisting of a pair of parallel rack stringers and supporting the ends of the steps, each module resting, in the position of use, on the one hand in its upper part on a first vertical support wall and on the other hand in its lower part on a horizontal support wall o10 located below, means being provided to prevent the module from sliding relative to these two support walls. The principle of the modular staircase makes it possible to prefabricate certain elements of the staircase, inter alia the modules, so that the manufacturing costs of such staircases can be reduced. By using modules, it is possible to adapt to the different forms of space available. It is possible, when the staircase must follow the angle of a room, to align a first module on the first wall and to align a second module on the second wall by inserting between the two modules an angle landing . By choosing the modules

  symmetrical, it is possible to install a staircase going up to the left or to the right.

  It is in accordance with the invention that the first vertical wall on which the module

  upper is supported either consists of a header of the hopper.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, provision is made for the horizontal walls serving as support for the upper modules to consist, at least for part of them, of the upper wall of support boxes which can serve as a storage. These support boxes have an external paving stone shape. It is preferable that their external dimensions correspond to those of the modules. Thus, it is possible to build a staircase by placing the first module on the floor of the lower level, the second module rests on a support box having the height of the first module and the depth of the width of the steps, the third module s 'presses on a second support box with a height equal to the sum of the heights of the first two modules and so on up to the hopper. In this embodiment, the box supporting a module can also serve as the first vertical bearing wall

  for the previous module. All the boxes thus form the slope of the staircase.

  For reasons of cost and inventory management, it is preferable to use the smallest number of module and support box models possible. If the heights of support boxes and modules are the same, it is possible to stack several

  boxes to reach the desired height.

  In order to avoid loss of space below the stairs, it is possible to use storage boxes as support boxes. These storage boxes must be chosen rigid enough to support the weight of several other storage boxes, that of the module and that of at least one person. If instead of stacking several storage boxes, a box having the same height as that of the stacked boxes is used, it is possible to

  position a wardrobe or broom cupboard inside such a box.

  When the dimensions of the boxes and modules are compatible, it is possible to superimpose head to tail two modules and place them inside two support boxes which thus form a sort of protective box. This solution has

  the advantage of reducing the storage space and facilitating the transport of parts.

  It is in accordance with the invention that on the side of the highest step, the vertical edge of the stringers extends downward from the highest step over a length at least equal to the height of two steps, and on the side opposite, the vertical edge of the stringers extends down from the lowest step to a height equal to at least the height of two steps. The stringers may have a rectangular trapezoidal shape, the alignment of the racks forming the fourth inclined side. We can consider, although this does not allow to use the space below the stairs, to extend the square base so that the stringers can rest directly on the floor of the

  lower level without leaning on support boxes.

  If the trapezoidal shape ensures a great stability as well to the module as to the whole of the staircase by allowing a distribution of the forces on a maximum base surface, it does not have the less the drawback of being relatively heavy . It may therefore be advantageous to truncate the base in a cutting direction parallel to the alignment of the racks. However, it must be ensured that the height of the truncated struts is sufficient to ensure the rigidity and stability of the modules. A particularly interesting solution is to cut the angle so that the height

  vertical edges of the stringer correspond to the height of two steps.

  To ensure good stability of the modules, it is preferable to provide crosspieces between the stringers, at least on the parts of these resting on the

  vertical and horizontal support walls.

  When two successive modules are separated by a landing, provision is made for the means preventing the upper module from slipping consisting of a step forming the landing, the upper module resting in its lower part on a second vertical wall, parallel to the first, constituted by a vertical wall of the l0 step, the lower module resting in its upper part on another wall

  vertical of the landing step which forms for this module the first vertical bearing wall.

  On the other hand, when two successive modules follow each other linearly, it is provided that the means preventing the upper module from slipping consist of the bottom of the step of the highest step of the lower module and the vertical edge of the stringers of the

  lower module located on the side of the highest step.

  Thus, the upper modules are blocked either by the step step or by the

lower module.

  In the hypothesis where the modules are separated by a landing, this can be formed by a support box (or a superposition of support boxes) at the top of which is fixed a step covering the entire surface of the support box: the step step. It is recommended that the support boxes serving as a base for a bearing have a square base

  whose sides are equal to the width of the steps.

  The modules then take support on three different walls * in their upper part on the first vertical support wall made up either of a header of the hopper, or of one of the side walls of the support box on which the next module is placed either on one of the side walls of the step forming a landing in their lower part on the second vertical bearing wall formed either by the upper vertical end of the previous module, or on one of the side walls of the step forming a landing, finally * in their lower part on the horizontal support wall constituted either by the

  floor of the lower level either by the top of a support box.

  In order to increase the stability of the whole staircase, it is recommended to fix the modules to the support boxes or to the header of the hopper on which they are based, by appropriate means, for example bolting. We will use for this the crosspieces reinforcing the stability of the modules. Similarly, it is preferable that the boxes be

fixed between them.

  An advantageous form of the invention provides that the modules are covered at least on one side by panels which can be removable so as to form a side of the staircase. In another variant, the modules are attached to a wall wall forming one side of the stairwell. For safety and comfort reasons, it is

  preferable effect that the staircase is surrounded by elements forming a stairwell.

  In a first variant, the staircase is against a wall on one side and it is closed by panels on the side of the room. The panels are also used in

  their lower part of the doors to the storage boxes supporting the modules.

  Some panels hiding the modules can be removable to facilitate the

passage of bulky parts.

  Another variant provides that the modules are surrounded on both sides by panels. This variant is retained in the case where the staircase does not lean, in at least part, on a wall. Here too, the panels can be used as a door for the storage boxes located below the modules. Some of the signs may

  be removable to facilitate the passage of bulky objects.

  By enclosing the staircase in a stairwell that can be fully closed, the

  heat exchanges between levels can be significantly decreased.

  It is also possible, according to the invention, to place the modules in a cabinet so that at least part of the staircase is located inside

said cabinet.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is intended that the staircase comprises three modules and an additional step, at least two of the modules being identical and having four steps, the third having three or four steps. It is indeed a fact that the stairs have 13 steps with a height of approximately 20 cm i in order to allow access to the upper level located, if the construction standards are

  respected, about 2.50m below the ceiling increased by the thickness of the floor.

  If the staircase is made up of modules aligned to form a linear unit, the three modules can be identical and each have 4 steps. Each module is blocked in its lower part by the module located directly below, the module

  itself being blocked by the additional step fixed to the ground.

  In the case where the staircase has a landing, the three modules can be identical and each have four steps. The modules preceded by another module are blocked in their lower part by the module located directly below while the modules preceded by a landing are blocked by the landing step. The lower module is

  itself blocked by the additional step fixed to the ground.

  However, there may not be enough space for the lower module. It is therefore expected that this lower module is mobile. In one embodiment of this variant, this lower module has only three steps. It is then placed in front of a support box forming an angle landing on which is fixed a step the dimensions of the other steps and serving to block the next module. The mobile lower module can either be retractable in the box serving as a bearing or be stored on the steps of the upper modules, thus leaving the box free

  support serving as a landing for a storage area.

  The invention also relates to modules intended for the construction of a staircase

  modular modular according to the invention.

  In order to describe the invention more precisely, an exemplary embodiment is described below.

  below and referring to the attached figures.

  Figure 1: perspective view of a linear staircase formed of three modules and

an additional step.

  Figure 2 perspective view of the same staircase against a wall and

covered with panels.

  Figure 3 perspective view of a corner bearing between the first two modules Figure 4 perspective view of a staircase whose removable lower module is retracted. Figure 5: perspective view of a staircase with removable lower module in

position of use.

  Figure 6: perspective view of a standard module When the staircase is linear, it consists of three boxes (1, 2, 3) assembled together by bolts and serving as support for three identical modules (4, 5 , 6) of four steps each (25a to 25d). According to its position on the staircase, each module is fixed by its crosspieces (7) by means of bolts (8), to the upper horizontal wall (la, 3a) of the support box on which it is placed as well as to the wall adjacent vertical (lb, 3b) of the support box against which it bears or on the header of the hopper (not shown). The components of the forces exerted on the supports of the modules are taken up vertically and horizontally by the walls of the boxes which thus form struts. Conversely, the stringers of the modules serve as braces for the horizontal stability of the boxes. Each module is locked in position by the module located directly below. An additional step (9)

blocks the lower module (6).

  Figure 2 shows a possible type of arrangement. Some panels (10, 11) can be removable to allow passage of bulky objects such as mattresses or box springs. Instead of superimposing two support boxes, it is possible to provide a single box the height of the two superimposed boxes in order to create a

  Higher storage space allowing the installation of a wardrobe for example.

  The staircase can be leaned against a wall wall and covered on the other with panels such as those shown in Figure 2. It can also be covered on both sides by panels. The staircase then serves as a partition wall between two parts of the same room or between two rooms. A door (12) provides thermal separation of the two

levels.

  When the available space is not sufficient to install a linear staircase, it is possible to make a staircase having at least one corner landing, the principle of which is described in FIG. 3. At least two of the three modules (15, 16) are separated from each other by an angle bearing formed by a support box (13) with a square base and a landing step (14) entirely covering the support box (13). The landing step (14) blocks the adjacent upper module (15) and is located at the last step of the adjacent lower module (16). The lowest module (16) is, as in the case of

  the linear staircase, blocked by the additional step (17).

  If there is not enough space to place the lower module, it is possible to replace the standard module with a removable module of reduced size. This is the case envisaged in FIGS. 4 and 5. This small module (18) has only three steps and its stringers preferably have a rectangular triangular shape, so that placed on the ground, the module rests on the whole of the base of its stringers. The dimensions of the stringer 10 are chosen so that the first step of the small module (18) is also the first step of the stairs. The staircase consists of two standard modules (19, 20) placed on support boxes (21, 22), forming the upper part of the staircase, an angle landing which can be further inserted between these two standard modules if the room dimensions require it. A support box (23) is placed in the axis of the module (19) next to the support box (21) on which the intermediate module (19) is located. On this support box (23) is fixed the additional step (17) having the dimensions of a normal step. This additional step blocks the intermediate module (19) and gives

  access to the bearing formed by the top of the bearing support box (23).

  When not in use, the small module (18) can be stored on the bearing and steps of the intermediate module (19) or be retracted into the bearing support box (23). In this case, it may be advantageous to put it on a rail to facilitate its storage.

  Figure 6 shows in detail a standard module and its main elements.

  The example chosen is made up of modules with three or four steps. It is however obvious that the number of steps can be higher, in particular it can be increased to five or six steps, or even more. The size of the boxes can be adapted accordingly. By increasing the number of steps of certain modules, you can install the modular modular staircase in buildings whose heights under

  ceiling are higher than the standards currently in force in France.

  The modular staircase object of the invention therefore allows to adapt to a large number of cases. It is not bulky and the space below can be used optimally. Thanks to the panels forming the stairwell, it is

  possible to thermally insulate the two levels.

  When the invention is to be implemented in dwellings whose ceiling heights are standardized, it is possible with few different parts to make stairs in almost all situations. In general two types of module (standard module and small module) and two types of support box (single height and double height) can cover the majority of possible cases. This principle of

  modules makes the staircase inexpensive to manufacture.

  List of references 1 Support box 17 Additional landing step 2 Support box 18 Small module 3 Support box 19 Standard module 4 Standard module 20 Standard module Standard module 21 Support box 6 Standard module 22 Support box 7 Sleepers 23 Support box bearing 8 Bolts 24 9 Step additional 25 steps (25a lowest step at Panel 25d highest step) 11 Panel 26 Stringer 12 Door 27 Vertical edge of stringer on side of 13 Support pedestal highest step 14 Landing step 28 Vertical edge of stringer on side of the adjacent upper module runs lowest 16 adjacent lower module

2793270

Claims (12)

Claims   1. Modular modular staircase, linear or with angular bearings, allowing access to a higher level through a hopper, characterized in that it comprises at least one module (4, 5, 6, 15, 16 , 18, 19, 20) linear consisting of a pair of stringers (26) with parallel rack and supporting the ends of the steps (25a-25d), each module (4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20) resting, in the position of use, on the one hand in its upper part on a first vertical support wall (1b, 3b) and on the other hand in its lower part on a horizontal support wall (la, 3a) located below, means (9, 14, 17) being provided to prevent each module (4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 18,   19, 20) to slide relative to the two support walls (la, 3a, 1b, 3b).   2. Modular modular staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the first vertical wall on which the upper module (4, 20) is supported   made up of a hopper header.   3. modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that the horizontal walls (la, 3a) serving as support for the upper modules (4, 5, 15, 19, 20) consist, at least for part of them, of the upper wall of support boxes (1, 2, 3, 21, 22) can be used as a storage box.   4. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that, on the side of the highest step (25d), the vertical edge (27) of the stringers (26) extends downward from the highest step (25d) over a length at least equal to the height of two steps, and on the opposite side, the vertical edge (28) of the stringers (26) extends downward from the lowest step (25a) over a height   at least equal to the height of two steps.   5. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that, when two successive modules (15, 16) are separated by a bearing, the means preventing the upper module from sliding consist of a step forming the bearing (14), the upper module (15) being supported in its lower part on a second vertical wall (14a) parallel to the first formed by a vertical wall of the step, the lower module (16) taking support in its upper part 1 1 2793270   on another vertical wall (14b) of the step (14), this wall (14b) forming for this   module (16) the first vertical support wall.   6. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that, when two successive modules (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) follow each other linearly, the means preventing the upper module (4, 5, 20) from sliding consist of the bottom of the step higher (25d) of the lower module (5, 6, 19) and the vertical edge (27) of the stringers (26) of the lower module (5, 6, 19) located on the side of the highest step (25d).   7. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that the modules (4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 19, 20) are covered at least on one side by panels which can be removable so as to form one side of the stairwell.   8. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that the modules (4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 19, 20) are attached to a wall   mural forming one side of the stairwell.   9. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that the modules (4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20) can be placed in a cabinet so that at least part of the staircase is located inside said cabinet .   10. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that it comprises three modules (4, 5, 6, 18, 19, 20) and an additional step (9, 17), at least two of the three modules (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) being identical   and having four steps, the third (18) having three or four steps.   11. Modular modular staircase according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that at least the lower module (18) is mobile.   12. Module used in the construction of a modular modular staircase according to   one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is linear and constituted   a pair of parallel rack stringers (26) supporting the ends of the steps (25a-25d).