FR2778696A1 - Internal combustion engine operating procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine has two inline pistons (6) fixed to a central eccentric housing (7) and reciprocating in two cylinders (4,4') of a two section body (1,1'). The reciprocating motion is converted to rotation by a rotary cam (11) within the housing, with both the cam and its' journals (18) turning in bearings (13). The cam performs a combined rotary and reciprocating motion in the eccentric housing which can be used as a hydraulic pump for direct lubrication of moving components. The rotating part of the cam is made in a number of sections making contact with grooves in the eccentric housing, the inner chamber of which is set at an angle that reduces the time the pistons spend in their dead positions.

Description

i Principle of a double acting piston engine in line with

central transmission

  by lubricated eccentric and diversified supply and exhaust device.

  The present invention relates to the principle of a piston and cylinder heat engine with reciprocating rectilinear movements, the principle of which is characterized in that the piston and the cylinder are double-sided, but are separated on their longitudinal axis and in their center by a housing integral with the two pistons comprising an oblong bore in which an eccentric moves in rotation, the two aligned axes of which pivot in two bearings of a casing integral with the cylinders and transforms the

  rectilinear rotary movement transmitting the motor torque by a gear which is integral with it.

  The main idea of the invention is to remedy the dispersion of the movements of a conventional motor by simplifying the moving parts providing better kinematics, a simplification of construction, a reduction in weight, a reduction in mechanical friction and a more accessible lubrication with the main objective of a generally improved general efficiency for a lower production cost. rotary movement and motor which is returned to the cylinder head for the secondary operation of the valves by the camshaft relay actuating the rocker arms. If the operating base proposed by the invention remains the same, the principle of replacing each crankshaft connecting rod and crank assembly necessary for each cylinder and piston by an eccentric for two cylinders and pistons constitutes a substantial examination of the moving members. Furthermore, this motor consisting of two in-line pistons rigidly assembled on either side of the eccentric housing has the advantage of not subjecting the pistons to a phenomenon of friction by tailgating caused by the oscillations of the connecting rod as in conventional motors; with the eccentric system the forces are distributed on both sides in each piston and cylinder, which makes it possible to reduce the length of these and

limit the surfaces in contact.

  The eccentric of the central box alternately pushed by the two integral pistons, with respective explosions in each cylinder head has two combined movements; a rotational movement on its pivoting motor axes in the housing bearings and a vertical translational movement in the oblong bore of the central housing. These three axes, piston-cylinder axis, eccentric axis of rotation and axis of translation in the bore each take an orthogonal direction each contributing to the midpoint of the axis of the pistons. It should be noted that by tilting the axis of the bore, a motor torque is created from the start of the piston thrust upon explosion. This torque is a function, within certain limits, of the importance of this inclination which very significantly decreases the duration of the neutral position. This constitutes, with the friction gains described above, a fuel saving factor because the reduction in the thrust force on explosion makes it possible to deplete the fuel content of the fuel.

explosive mixture.

  The movable piston-eccentric housing assembly is designed for a sliding movement along the longitudinal axis in a horizontal position, which makes it possible to use the lower part of the casing in reserve of oil, the level of which touches the lower part of the housing. . The eccentric in translational movement in the oblong bore acts like a pump through oil extraction and expulsion orifices at the periphery of the bore, lubricating the piston abundantly at the partial outlet of the cylinders. Of course, the orifices as well as the clearance provided between the blanks of the housing and the walls of the casing are dimensioned and distributed so as to regulate the flow of oil without slowing down the translational movement. The eccentric thus lubricated abundantly can be provided sliding, that is to say designed with a cylindrical envelope integral with its axes of rotation, but it can be equipped with ball or needle bearings making the envelope rolling and independent of these axes which frees up movement and constitutes an additional advantage in terms of engine efficiency. To be complete, the same option can be taken for the axes

  of the eccentric in rotation in the bearings of the casing.

  Depending on the option of the eccentric rolling with bearings, a minimum clearance is necessary between the diameter of the eccentric and the width of the oblong bore of the housing because rotation is only possible by contact with one side. This results in a slight shock each time the movement reverses according to the alternating pulse of the pistons. To remedy this drawback, it suffices to make a bore without play and to divide the rolling parts of the eccentric into several independent sections, which are alternately in contact with one or the other face of the oblong bore by protruding longitudinal grooves arranged face to face in staggered rows. The grooves are interrupted in the curvatures of the bore, along the longitudinal axis and are produced in such a way that their projecting part is less wide than the section of eccentric which is in contact. In order to facilitate assembly, an assembly plan of the

  eccentric housing can be provided.

  Of course, the type of engine according to the invention can be diversified like conventional engines. It can be of the two-stroke or four-stroke type, it can be explosion or internal combustion, it can include the same adaptations such as (cylinder liner, piston and cylinder head forming, injectors and other accessories); but the invention being limited only to kinematics, the description below highlights the advantages which arise from the compact structure and

  symmetrical of this engine depending on whether the operating options are two-stroke or four-stroke.

  In the type of two-stroke engine, according to the invention, there are provided, as in conventional engines, intake and exhaust orifices at the periphery of the cylinder and in the end-of-stroke zone of the detent piston; but it is advantageous to use the eccentric housing as a piston for compressing the air contained in the casing to lead it to the opposite piston (in its intake phase) passing or not passing through the carburetor. To this end, a narrowed shape is provided on the casing surrounding the housing, so as to limit the area of air compression at the end of the piston stroke, just as a tilting decompression flap is provided on the housing when the piston starts in the opposite direction. Since the lubrication of this type of motor is very direct, it can be maintained to avoid

  the lubricant is mixed with the fuel.

  In the type of four-stroke engine, it suffices to drive a camshaft in the bottom center of the casing vertical to the eccentric drive shaft. This camshaft is driven at a speed reduced by half compared to the motor shaft by the relay of two gears external to the casing, which shaft has two eccentric cams in reverse position which drives two pairs of rods in opposite direction which controls the 'opening and closing of the valves of each cylinder by the rocker relay. With regard to the invention, it should be noted that due to the symmetry of the cylinders two

  cams are sufficient to control the two cylinders instead of four in conventional engines.

  The structure of the engine according to the invention makes it possible to use the reciprocating movement of the eccentric housing for the intake and exhaust function in the cylinders. To this end, it is positioned on this housing, on either side of it, two pairs of pushing, pulling fingers respectively putting a disc in rotation by four lugs arranged in a square and projecting in pairs diagonally on each side. The center-to-center distance of these pins corresponds substantially to the stroke of the piston, so that with each alternation back and forth of this corresponds a half-rotation of the disc, which is eccentric on its periphery to articulate a rocker lever controlling a central valve in the corresponding cylinder. This assembly is adjusted so as to obtain a prolonged valve opening from the exhaust to the intake. The distribution function (opening and closing of the gases) is ensured by an axis integral with the disc passing through the cylinder head and joining the outlet bore of the valve. Machined cavities produced on this axis alternately control gas inlets and outlets through the orifices provided on the cylinder head. It is thus possible to avoid multi-valve engines by oversizing those provided by the device without hampering the location of the spark plug and the injector. This system could be adapted on conventional engines. On the type of four-stroke engine, air compression can also be provided for the admission of gases.

  as described in the two-stroke engine.

  The mounting of this engine is provided by making a casing in two half-blocks shared and assembled according to a vertical plane passing through the engine axis of the eccentric (the longitudinal axis of the cylinders and pistons being horizontal). Each half-casing is thus designed, that the machining of the cylinders and cylinder heads are very accessible which avoids a removable cylinder head. The assembly of this engine is very simple, it is carried out by assembly and peripheral bolting after the introduction of the eccentric piston assembly. In the case of a four-stroke engine, some hatches are

  provided on the housing assembly to access the valve mounting.

  To make engines with four six or eight cylinders, it suffices to assemble several blocks with two cylinders by coupling the drive shafts while respecting the offset of the eccentrics necessary for a synchronized operation of the assembly or to produce a casing specific to the type of desired assembly. The kinematics can be reversible in order to apply it to a compressor,

  a pump or a hydraulic motor.

  The invention will be better understood from the description below, given with reference to the drawings.

  attached. Of course, the description and the drawing are given only by way of example and not limitation.

  Figure 1 shows a vertical and longitudinal section of a two-stroke engine showing the

general mechanism.

  Figure 2 shows a partial horizontal section of the same assembly.

  FIG. 3 represents a schematic view indicating the kinematics of the piston assembly-

  eccentric. FIG. 4 represents a vertical and longitudinal section of a four-stroke engine with

  valve system by independent shaft and central cams.

  FIG. 5 represents a vertical and longitudinal section of a four-stroke engine with

  gas distribution system by reducing rotary plate and device with one valve.

  FIG. 6 represents detailed figures of the mechanism cited above.

  With reference to the drawing according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the engine according to the invention comprises a casing in two parts: 1 and 1 ′ assembled along a vertical plane 2 and provided with a peripheral seal 3. L 'assembly of these two half-casings comprises the cylinders 4, 4' and their respective cylinder head 5 and '. Before assembling the casings 1, 1 ′, the mobile assembly of the pistons 6, 6 ′ is introduced, integral with the eccentric housing 7 positioned by two cylindrical shoulders 8, 8 ′, and immobilized by two welds 9 and 9 '. The eccentric casing 7 has an oblong bore 10, into which is introduced the eccentric 11, which represented in the bearing model, comprises a cylindrical casing 12 1S shouldered to receive two bearings 13 with a central axis in two parts comprising the male axis 14 fitted into the female axis 15, both ending at their opposite ends by two circular bases 16 and 16 ', which each have an eccentric axis 18 and 18' constituting the drive shaft, turning themselves in needle bearings 19 and 19 'fitted in two bearings 20 and 20' formed at the junction of the half-casings 1 and 1 '. The two axes 14 and 15 of the eccentric 11 are secured by a central pin 20 engaged by an orifice 21 in the casing 12, a weld 21 produced at the periphery of the base 16 immobilizes the assembly. The general assembly of the two half-casings 1 and 1 'is ensured by bolts 22 pinching on the periphery two lips 23 and 23' previously machined for a sealed contact with the seal 3. As indicated in the schematic view of the figure 3, the path of the contact points of the eccentric 11 in the bore 10 is symbolized by the fictitious circle 24 of center O. It should be noted that the value of the inclination of the bore 10 along the axis V , V ', determines that of the torque F1 on the eccentric 1 driven in the direction of the arrow S under the thrust of the piston 6 (this shows that the neutral point is practically non-existent). It should be noted that the arc traversed by the eccentric 11 is limited to the axis Z, Z ', perpendicular to V, V', and that it determines the stroke L according to the points A and B on the axis longitudinal of the pistons. It should also be noted that a couple F2 is still exerted at the end of the stroke of the piston 6 relayed by the couple F3 symmetrical to F1 and that the angle of inclination at 45 chosen from the bore 10 relative to the axis X'X of the pistons, shows that the stroke L is increased by 41%, relative to the stroke L ', corresponding to a zero angle of the bore and this for the same eccentric diameter 11'. A very small clearance J is necessary for an eccentric rolling in

  due to the reversal of the direction of rotation on the parallel faces of bore 10.

  As provided in the description and according to FIG. 3, the spaces E and E 'represent the protruding, longitudinal grooves 73 made in staggered rows on the two faces opposite the bore 10, the width of which is provided for adjustment without play with the rolling envelope 12 'of the eccentric 11, this envelope 1 2 is divided into sections (each comprising a set of bearings 13') respectively in contact with each groove which faces it. For ease of assembly, an assembly plane 72 of the eccentric housing 11 can be provided along the longitudinal axis V-V 'of the bore

oblong 10.

  Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2, we can observe the principle layout of the lubrication orifices, note the suction orifice 25 followed by the orifices 26 and 26 'for distribution in the pistons 8 and 8' with evacuation by the peripheral holes 27 and 27 'then two holes 28 and 28' are provided for the upper parts of the pistons. A clearance 29 is provided on the two blanks of the eccentric body 7 for decompression due to the pumping movement, finally two stops 30 provided in the lower part of the casing

  avoid guidance with pivoting of the eccentric body 7 during its longitudinal movement.

  In FIGS. 1 and 2, we can observe the location of the functional organs such as the spark plugs 31 and 31 'or injector 32 and 32', the piston rings 33 and 33 ', their turnings

  peripherals 34 and 34 ', intake ports 35 and 35' as well as exhaust ports 36 and 36 '.

  As described above, the two half-casings 1 and 1 ′ have a narrowed shape 37 and 37 ′ in the zone which precedes the cylinders. The faces 38 and 38 'of the eccentric body 7 compress the air on the walls 39 and 39' of the casing. The compressed air is discharged through the orifices 40 and 40 'and leads to the opposite orifices, respectively 35 and 35', passing or not through the carburetor. Two orifices 41 and 41 'closed respectively by tilting flaps 42 and 42' each with a limit stop 43 and 43 'are provided on the walls 38 and 38' of the eccentric body to decompress the air on inversion piston movement. Finally, a drive gear 44 is fitted fitted on a splined shaft with fixing nut 45 secured to the axis 18 of the eccentric 11. The opposite axis 18 'receiving a

  balancing weight 46 immobilized by a screw 47.

  In the solution of the four-stroke engine and according to FIG. 4, it should be noted the general transformation of the housing assembly 1 and 1 ′ for the arrangement of the valves as well as the addition of a water circuit 48 and 48 'for cooling. A shaft 49 parallel to the axes of rotation 18 and 18 ′ of the eccentric is set in motion by two gears 50 and 51 external to the casing reducing the rotation speed by half compared to that of the eccentric. Two cams 52 and 52 'in opposite position are integral with the shaft 49 push two pairs of rods 53 and 53' actuate respectively and by cylinder two

  intake and exhaust valves 54 and 54 'by the relay of two pairs of rocker arms 55 and 55'.

  As mentioned in the general description, it can be adapted with a four-stroke engine

  an intake and exhaust system with one valve.

  To this end and according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the casing comprises two access hatches 56 and 56 'on its lower part and two covers 57 and 57' for access to the valves. The eccentric body 7 is extended downwards so as to adapt two sets of pushing and pulling fingers 58 and 58 'and fixed by bolts which rotate two discs 59 and 59' respectively, each comprising four lugs 60 and 60 ' arranged in a square at a center distance equivalent to the stroke of the pistons. These pins are positioned on each disc so that two pins 60 are projecting diagonally on one side and two pins 'projecting diagonally on the other side, which allows each movement back and forth of the fingers 58 or 58' a half-rotation of the disc 59 or 59 ', these are eccentric on their periphery and push

6 2778696

  a rocker arm 71 or 71 'actuating the central valve 61 or 61'. In addition, each of the discs 59 pivots on a respective axis 62 passing through the cylinder head by a bore 63 passing perpendicularly through the bore 64 of the valve and pivoting in two lubricated bearings 65. This axis 62 has in its middle a low-cut part 66 so as to limit the misalignment of the two concurrent bores 63 and 64, it is also provided with two cavities 67 allowing the evacuation or the admission of gases through the orifices 68 and 69 at their opening coordinated by the rotation of the disc 59 and of its axis 62 the pushing and pulling fingers 58 or 58 'must include a slight clearance 70 for the positioning of the pins 60 and 60' during

  rotation. It is possible to minimize this play by orienting the pins along the axes U, U 'and T, T'.

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Claims (9)

  1) Method of operating an internal combustion engine characterized by a double-sided piston formed by two in-line pistons 6 and 6 ′, integral with a central eccentric body 7changing alternately in two cylinders 4 and 4 ′ of a casing in two parts 1 and 1 ′ whose movement is transformed by an eccentric 11 rotating in the eccentric body 7 and pivoting by a   double axis 18 and 18 'in the housing, transmitting the engine torque.   2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric 11 and its axes 18 and 18 'can be mounted on bearings 13 and 19, that this eccentric operates in an oblong bore 10 of the eccentric body 7 according to a movement of rotation and a translational movement, allowing   its use as a hydraulic pump directly lubricating the moving parts.   3) Method according to claims 1 and 2, in that the rolling part of the eccentric 12 'is shared   in several independent sections, respectively in contact with longitudinal grooves 73, arranged in staggered rows, on each face of the bore 10, allowing the elimination of the play J necessary in the event of a rolling eccentric.   4) Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the bore 10 of the eccentric body 7 is not perpendicular to the translation axis X ', X, but oblique along the axis V ', V,   creating a torque from the start of the expansion of the piston 6 which reduces the duration of the neutral position.   ) Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the simplicity of the structure of the entire engine allows the removal of removable cylinder heads and a simplified assembly consisting of trapping the movable members (piston 6, 6 'and eccentric 11), in a housing in two elements 1 and   1 'sealed bolts along two central lips 23 and 23', pinching a seal 3.   6) Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rigid set of pistons 6 '6' and   eccentric body 7, makes it possible to minimize the bearing surfaces 34 and 34 'of the pistons in the   cylinders, improving engine efficiency.   7) Method according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the compactness and symmetry of the engine   according to the invention and in four-stroke model allows direct transmission of the valves by a shaft 49 on which two cams 52 and 52 'are integral with it reducing their number by half compared to the classic engine.   8) Method according to claims 1, 4 and 6 characterized in that the compactness and symmetry of the   motor according to the invention make it possible to directly use the reciprocating movement of the eccentric body 7 to actuate a disc 59 specific to each cylinder 4 in rotation by pins 60 and 60 ′, disc which used in cam, actuates a central valve 61 , in the center of the cylinder, the opening of which is maintained during the exhaust and the admission of gases, the distribution of which is ensured by the axis 62 of the disc 59   and by holes 68 or 69 at the cylinder head.   9) Method according to claims 1 and 4 characterized in that the design of the eccentric body 7   wrapped by the casings 1, 1 ', allows it to be used as an air compressor for the intake gases by a   narrowed shape 37 or 37 ′ of the casing in the end-of-travel zone of one of the pistons.   ) Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the example engine shown can be of the internal combustion or combustion type and that the double piston assemblies can be coupled   by the motor axes 18 and 18 'to form multi-cylinder two- or four-stroke engines.   11) Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the motor according to the invention can be of the pneumatic or hydraulic type adaptable to a pump.