EP0269536B1 - Internal-combustion engine with a star-shaped cylinder configuration, and without a crank shaft or connecting rods - Google Patents

Internal-combustion engine with a star-shaped cylinder configuration, and without a crank shaft or connecting rods Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0269536B1
EP0269536B1 EP87420314A EP87420314A EP0269536B1 EP 0269536 B1 EP0269536 B1 EP 0269536B1 EP 87420314 A EP87420314 A EP 87420314A EP 87420314 A EP87420314 A EP 87420314A EP 0269536 B1 EP0269536 B1 EP 0269536B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cams
engine according
cylinders
cam
radial engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87420314A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0269536A2 (en
EP0269536A3 (en
Inventor
André Chaneac
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ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ET D'INNOVATIONS
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ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ET D'INNOVATIONS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0641—Details, component parts specially adapted for such machines
    • F01B1/0648—Cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
    • F01B9/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/22—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders in V, fan, or star arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/22—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders in V, fan, or star arrangement
    • F02B75/222—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders in V, fan, or star arrangement with cylinders in star arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
    • F01B9/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
    • F01B2009/061—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces by cams
    • F01B2009/063—Mono-lobe cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
    • F01B9/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
    • F01B2009/061—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces by cams
    • F01B2009/065—Bi-lobe cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
    • F01B9/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
    • F01B2009/061—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces by cams
    • F01B2009/066—Tri-lobe cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1816—Number of cylinders four

Definitions

  • the motor according to the invention is characterized in that the three cams have an external cam contour which cooperates with said rollers and are mounted side by side on the motor shaft, the central cam rotating in one direction and the two lateral cams rotating at the same speed as the central cam but in the opposite direction to the latter, the three cams being positioned so that the tops of the bosses of the three cams in top dead center are in a plane passing through the axis of the motor shaft and the three peaks of said bosses, the ends of said axis of the rollers being guided in grooves formed in the external extension of the side cams.
  • the reversal of the central cam or of the two lateral cams is effected either by means of a Pecking train, or by means of pinions integral with the walls of the engine, or by means of a spherical train.
  • connecting pieces or cables connect the pistons of the opposite cylinders when the movement of the two pistons is identical and in the same direction.
  • it comprises on each side of a row of cylinders, two concentric drive shafts but rotating in opposite directions.
  • one or more cams may include mini-bosses intended to control the opening of the engine valves.
  • it comprises on one side of several rows of cylinders, twice the number of drive shafts that there are rows of cylinders plus one.
  • each piston will have only one roller.
  • the combustion piston is arranged so that it achieves on the one hand the combustion in its upper part and, on the other hand, the compression in its lower part thus making it possible to achieve compression .
  • the layout of the cams of the star engine is produced so that the top of the bosses bring the piston to top dead center then lower it slightly and bring it back to top dead center so as to promote combustion.
  • combustion takes place at a constant volume for a time substantially equal to other times such as compression, explosion and expansion.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of an engine where a single cylinder has been shown.
  • the motor shaft (1) integral with the central cam (2), with the two lateral cams (3) and (4).
  • the rollers (5, 6, 7) are supported, integral with the piston (8) which moves in the cylinder (9) terminated by the cylinder head (10).
  • the engine block (11) carries the engine shaft (1).
  • the two lateral cams (3) and (4) rotate in the opposite direction to the central cam (2) thanks to a train of planetary gears known as the Pecker train, the motor shaft (1) drives the central gears (13) which drive the satellites (15) and (14) integral with the cams (3) and (4).
  • this groove (18) can be eliminated to replace it with parts which may be cables uniting the opposite pistons (8).
  • Fixed gears or spherical gears can be used instead of planetary gears, in order to obtain an equal and opposite direction of speed.
  • the profile of the central cam is by symmetrical construction of the profile of the side cams in order to be able to rotate and hold the rollers of the piston.
  • Figure 2 is a front sectional view showing a central cam and a side cam having two bosses (12).
  • the mini-bosses (19) allow the engine intake and exhaust valves to be lifted.
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse view of an engine with a single row of cylinders and two concentric drive shafts rotating at equal speed but in opposite directions, only the upper part having been shown.
  • the motor shaft (1) integral with the central cam (2), the side cams (3) and (4) rotate in opposite directions and at equal speed from the central cam (2) thanks to the pinions (13,14,15, 16) but the arrangement of the cam (4) is a little different, the pinion (13) integral with the motor shaft (1) being placed between the cams (2) and (4), it attacks the pinion (14) integral with the pinion (15) located on the other side of the cam (4), which rests on the fixed pinion (16).
  • a second driving shaft (20) is obtained which is counter-rotating of the shaft (1
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an engine having two rows of cylinders with a single engine shaft (1); there are the housing (11) assembled with the housing (21) to form a single block, there are the same cams (2, 3, 4) and the same pinions (13,14,15 and 16).
  • it is the side cams (3) and (4) which are integral with the motor shaft (1) and it is the central cam (2) which is driven in reverse and at equal speed by the train. Fisherman (13, 14, 15, 16). So there is only one output shaft.
  • the drive shaft (1) always carrying the three cams (2, 3, 4), but in this case, it is the central cam which is integral with the drive shaft.
  • the motor shaft integral with either the central cam or the two side cams without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • a new Pécqueur train comprising a pinion (25) integral with the motor shaft (1) drives the satellite (26, 27) which rests on the fixed pinion (28).
  • the cam (23) goes in reverse and at equal speed if the pinions have the desired number of teeth.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the particular case of an engine where there are three rows of cylinders, each row having only one cam, but the engine shaft of which always carries three cams, one central cam rotating in one direction and two side cams turning in opposite direction and at equal speed.
  • the motor shaft (1) carries a central cam (2) integral for example with the motor shaft, the cams (3) and (4) rotating in opposite directions and at equal speed thanks to the pinions of a Pecqueur train (13 , 14, 15, 16).
  • the three pistons (8) are integral with the rollers (5, 6, 7) which are mounted on a single axis (17) which comes to rest in the groove (18) via the roller (30), the cylinders (9) carrying the cylinder heads (10).
  • the three pistons will therefore work at the same time, so a lighter construction is obtained if one seeks to obtain a greater number of cylinders, moreover the pistons will be able to carry bearing surfaces substantially at the height of the roller, to support the slight deformation of the axis (17), these bearing surfaces being located in the axis of the cam.
  • Figure 8 is a front sectional view showing a central cam (2) with its drive shaft (1) and its roller (5) journalled on its axis (17).
  • This roller is attached to the piston (8) which consists of two parts, the upper part includes the cylinder (9), the cylinder head (10) and the combustion chamber (31) in the lower part, which can be of a diameter more important.
  • the bottom of the piston (8) compressing the space (32) to provide a supply of compressed air to the engine, a very simple compressor is thus produced.
  • intake and exhaust ducts and valves will allow the compressed air to reach the cylinder head (10), but this is not part of the invention and has therefore not been shown.
  • Figure 9 is a front sectional view showing a cam with a single boss.
  • the motor shaft (1) driving the cam (2) we find the motor shaft (1) driving the cam (2), the piston reaches top dead center at point (33) then it descends to point (35) and goes back to top dead center (34).
  • the cam (2) receives the thrust resulting from combustion, it is the trigger, at point (36) the piston is in bottom dead center, it stays there until at point (37), which allows the exhaust of the burnt gases and the introduction of fresh gases, at point (37) the piston begins its compression which it completes at point (33). It is a little before point (33) that the injection or ignition of the spark plug begins.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the different times of a cycle comprising an engine time for two round trips and pistons (like four times).
  • points (36) and (37) would be confused with point (38), and we obtain three times per lap, which would have given clockwise (33-34) Time dead, (34-38) Intake, (38-33) Compression, (33'-34 ') Constant volume combustion, (34'-38') Relaxation (38'-33 ') Exhaust.
  • the relaxation time can be extended for better performance.

Description

La présente invention concerne un moteur à explosion fonctionnant suivant le cycle Beau de Rochas ne comportant pas de vilebrequin et de bielles mais des cames et des galets dont les cylindres sont disposés dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'arbre moteur appelé moteur en étoile.The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine operating according to the Beau de Rochas cycle not comprising a crankshaft and connecting rods but cams and rollers whose cylinders are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the engine shaft called star engine.

On connait des brevets pour des moteurs caractéristiques en ce que le mouvement des pistons est tranmis à l'arbre moteur par des cames et des galets. On peut donner à titre d'exemple les brevets suivants:

  • 03/11/1931 Frank White no. 1,830,046 (Américain)
  • 11/07/1934 Mr. L'Hermite no. 775,736 (France)
  • DE-A-3 334 463.
Patents are known for characteristic motors in that the movement of the pistons is transmitted to the motor shaft by cams and rollers. The following patents can be given as an example:
  • 11/03/1931 Frank White no. 1,830,046 (American)
  • 07/11/1934 Mr. L'Hermite no. 775,736 (France)
  • DE-A-3 334 463.

Ce mode de transmission de puissance n'a pas abouti parce que l'angle de la tangente à la came avec l'axe de la tige du piston est trop grand, ce qui entraîne un mauvais rendement et une trop forte pression du piston sur les parois du cylindre.This mode of power transmission was not successful because the angle of the tangent to the cam with the axis of the piston rod is too large, which results in poor efficiency and too high pressure of the piston on the cylinder walls.

La présente invention a pour but d'apporter une solution aux inconvénients cités plus haut.The present invention aims to provide a solution to the drawbacks mentioned above.

Elle concerne un moteur à explosion du type décrit dans le FR-A-775 736 sans embiellage ni vilebrequin dont les cylindres sont disposés en étoile, les axes de ces cylindres étant situés dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'arbre moteur, la transmission du mouvement alternatif de chaque piston s'effectuant par l'intermédiaire de trois galets montés sur un axe solidaire de ce piston, lesdits galets roulant sur trois cames parallèles montées coaxialement sur l'arbre moteur et entraînées par celui-ci.It relates to an internal combustion engine of the type described in FR-A-775 736 without crankshaft or crankshaft whose cylinders are arranged in a star, the axes of these cylinders being located in a plane perpendicular to the engine shaft, the transmission of movement reciprocating of each piston being effected by means of three rollers mounted on an axis integral with this piston, said rollers rolling on three parallel cams mounted coaxially on the motor shaft and driven by it.

Le moteur selon l'invention se caractérise en ce que les trois cames ont un contour de came extérieur qui coopère avec lesdits galets et sont montées côte à côte sur l'arbre moteur, la came centrale tournant dans un sens et les deux cames latérales tournant à la même vitesse que la came centrale mais en sens inverse de cette dernière, les trois cames étant positionnées de façon à ce que les sommets des bossages des trois cames au point mort haut, soient dans un plan passant par l'axe de l'arbre moteur et les trois sommets desdits bossages, les extrémités dudit axe des galets étant guidés dans des rainures ménagées dans le prolongement extérieur des cames latérales.The motor according to the invention is characterized in that the three cams have an external cam contour which cooperates with said rollers and are mounted side by side on the motor shaft, the central cam rotating in one direction and the two lateral cams rotating at the same speed as the central cam but in the opposite direction to the latter, the three cams being positioned so that the tops of the bosses of the three cams in top dead center are in a plane passing through the axis of the motor shaft and the three peaks of said bosses, the ends of said axis of the rollers being guided in grooves formed in the external extension of the side cams.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'inversion de la came centrale ou des deux cames latérales, se fait, soit grâce à un train Pecqueur, soit grâce à des pignons solidaires des parois du moteur, soit grâce à un train sphérique.According to another characteristic of the invention, the reversal of the central cam or of the two lateral cams is effected either by means of a Pecking train, or by means of pinions integral with the walls of the engine, or by means of a spherical train.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, des pièces de liaison ou des câbles relient les pistons des cylindres opposés lorsque le déplacement des deux pistons est identique et dans le même sens.According to another characteristic of the invention, connecting pieces or cables connect the pistons of the opposite cylinders when the movement of the two pistons is identical and in the same direction.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, il comporte de chaque côté d'une rangée de cylindres, deux arbres moteurs concentriques mais tournant en sens inverse.According to another characteristic of the invention, it comprises on each side of a row of cylinders, two concentric drive shafts but rotating in opposite directions.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, une ou plusieurs cames pourront comporter des mini-bossages destinés à commander l'ouverture des soupapes du moteur.According to another characteristic of the invention, one or more cams may include mini-bosses intended to control the opening of the engine valves.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, il comporte d'un côté de plusieurs rangées de cylindres, deux fois le nombre d'arbres moteurs qu'il y a de rangées de cylindres plus un.According to another characteristic of the invention, it comprises on one side of several rows of cylinders, twice the number of drive shafts that there are rows of cylinders plus one.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on pourra dans le cas d'un moteur ne comportant qu'un seul bloc-moteur mais trois rangées de cylindres, ne conserver que trois cames, une came centrale tournant dans un sens pour la rangée centrale du moteur et deux cames latérales tournant à la même vitesse mais en sens opposé pour les rangées latérales du moteur. Dans ce cas, chaque piston ne comportera qu'un seul galet. On réalise ainsi avec trois rangées de cylindres, ce que l'on a pour une seule rangée comportant trois cames. On devra veiller à ce que l'axe supportant les trois galets soit particulièrement résistant.According to another characteristic of the invention, in the case of an engine comprising only one engine block but three rows of cylinders, it is possible to keep only three cams, a central cam rotating in one direction for the central row of the engine and two side cams rotating at the same speed but in opposite directions for the side rows of the engine. In this case, each piston will have only one roller. One thus achieves with three rows of cylinders, what one has for a single row comprising three cams. Care should be taken to ensure that the axle supporting the three rollers is particularly resistant.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le piston de combustion est agencé afin que celui-ci réalise d'une part la combustion dans sa partie supérieure et, d'autre part, la compression dans sa partie inférieure permettant ainsi de réaliser une compression.According to another characteristic of the invention, the combustion piston is arranged so that it achieves on the one hand the combustion in its upper part and, on the other hand, the compression in its lower part thus making it possible to achieve compression .

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le tracé des cames du moteur en étoile est réalisé pour que le sommet des bossages amène le piston au point mort haut puis le redescendre légèrement et le ramène au point mort haut de façon à favoriser la combustion.According to another characteristic of the invention, the layout of the cams of the star engine is produced so that the top of the bosses bring the piston to top dead center then lower it slightly and bring it back to top dead center so as to promote combustion.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la combustion se fait à volume constant pendant un temps sensiblement égal aux autres temps tels que compression, explosion et détente.According to another characteristic of the invention, combustion takes place at a constant volume for a time substantially equal to other times such as compression, explosion and expansion.

D'autres avantages techniques seront expliqués dans la description de l'invention dans laquelle:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un cylindre comportant une came centrale, deux cames latérales avec leur rainure latérale;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe de face montrant une came latérale et une came centrale;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un cylindre à une seule rangée de cylindres et deux arbres moteurs concentriques tournant en sens inverse;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale montrant deux rangées de cylindres avec un seul arbre moteur;
  • la figure 5 est une variante de la figure 4 dans la disposition des pignons;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale montrant deux rangées de cylindres avec deux arbres moteurs concentriques tournant à la même vitesse mais en sens inverse;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale montrant trois rangées de cylindres, chaque rangée n'ayant qu'une came. La rangée centrale tourne dans un sens et les rangées latérales tournent à la même vitesse mais dans l'autre sens avec un seul arbre moteur;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un cylindre montrant l'agencement d'un piston afin d'obtenir un compresseur d'air;
  • la figure 9 est une vue de face montrant une came à un seul bossage dans le cas d'une explosion pour chaque aller et retour du piston (genre deux temps);
  • la figure 10 est une vue schématique montrant les différents temps d'un cycle où l'explosion a lieu tous les deux allers et retours du piston (genre quatre temps).
Other technical advantages will be explained in the description of the invention in which:
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder having a central cam, two side cams with their lateral groove;
  • Figure 2 is a front sectional view showing a side cam and a central cam;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder with a single row of cylinders and two concentric drive shafts rotating in opposite directions;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing two rows of cylinders with a single drive shaft;
  • Figure 5 is a variant of Figure 4 in the arrangement of the gables;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing two rows of cylinders with two concentric drive shafts rotating at the same speed but in opposite directions;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing three rows of cylinders, each row having only one cam. The central row rotates in one direction and the lateral rows rotate at the same speed but in the other direction with a single motor shaft;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view a cylinder showing the arrangement of a piston in order to obtain an air compressor;
  • Figure 9 is a front view showing a cam with a single boss in the event of an explosion for each round trip of the piston (two-stroke type);
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the different times of a cycle where the explosion takes place every two round trips of the piston (like four times).

La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe d'un moteur où un seul cylindre a été figuré. Nous trouvons l'arbre moteur (1) solidaire de la came centrale (2), avec les deux cames latérales (3) et (4). Sur ces trois cames, s'appuient les galets (5,6, 7), solidaires du piston (8) qui se déplace dans le cylindre (9) terminé par la culasse (10). Le bloc moteur (11) porte l'arbre moteur (1). Les deux cames latérales (3) et (4) tournent en sens inverse de la came centrale (2) grâce à un train de pignons planétaires dit train Pecqueur, l'arbre moteur (1) entraîne les pignons centraux (13) qui entraînent les satellites (15) et (14) solidaires des cames (3) et (4). Ces satellites en s'appuyant sur les pignons (16) fixés au carter (11), font tourner les cames (3) et (4) en sens inverse et à vitesse égale de la came (2) solidaire de l'arbre moteur (1) suivant le choix du nombre de dents des pignons (13,14,15 et 16), les cames (3)) et (4) portent plusieurs satellites (14) et (15). Une rainure (18) est tracée sur le prolongement externe des cames (3) et (4), afin de ramener les pistons (8) au point mort bas lors du démarrage du moteur. Des mini-bossages (19) non représentés sur les cames (3) et (4) permettent la commande de la levée des soupapes du moteur. Dans le cas d'un nombre pair de cylindres et impair de bossages sur les cames, on pourra supprimer cette rainure (18) pour la remplacer par des pièces pouvant être des câbles unissant les pistons (8) opposés. On peut employer des pignons fixes ou des pignons sphériques au lieu de pignons planétaires, afin d'obtenir une vitesse égale et de sens contraire. Le profil de la came centrale est par construction symétrique du profil des cames latérales pour pouvoir tourner et maintenir les galets du piston.Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an engine where a single cylinder has been shown. We find the motor shaft (1) integral with the central cam (2), with the two lateral cams (3) and (4). On these three cams, the rollers (5, 6, 7) are supported, integral with the piston (8) which moves in the cylinder (9) terminated by the cylinder head (10). The engine block (11) carries the engine shaft (1). The two lateral cams (3) and (4) rotate in the opposite direction to the central cam (2) thanks to a train of planetary gears known as the Pecker train, the motor shaft (1) drives the central gears (13) which drive the satellites (15) and (14) integral with the cams (3) and (4). These satellites, by pressing on the pinions (16) fixed to the casing (11), rotate the cams (3) and (4) in the opposite direction and at equal speed from the cam (2) secured to the motor shaft ( 1) according to the choice of the number of teeth of the pinions (13, 14, 15 and 16), the cams (3)) and (4) carry several satellites (14) and (15). A groove (18) is traced on the external extension of the cams (3) and (4), in order to bring the pistons (8) to bottom dead center when starting the engine. Mini-bosses (19) not shown on the cams (3) and (4) allow the control of the lifting of the engine valves. In the case of an even number of cylinders and an odd number of bosses on the cams, this groove (18) can be eliminated to replace it with parts which may be cables uniting the opposite pistons (8). Fixed gears or spherical gears can be used instead of planetary gears, in order to obtain an equal and opposite direction of speed. The profile of the central cam is by symmetrical construction of the profile of the side cams in order to be able to rotate and hold the rollers of the piston.

La figure 2 est une vue en coupe de face montrant une came centrale et une came latérale comportant deux bossages (12). On retrouve l'arbre moteur (1), la came centrale (2) et une came latérale (3), un galet (6) solidaire du piston par son axe (17), s'appuyant sur une rainure (18) sur le prolongement externe de la came (3). Les mini-bossages (19) permettent la levée des soupapes d'admission et d'échappement du moteur. On aurait pû représenter les cames (2), (3) et (4) avec trois, quatre, cinq.. bossages; L'arbre moteur dans ce cas tournerait trois, quatre, cinq.. fois moins vite que le nombre d'aller-retour des pistons.Figure 2 is a front sectional view showing a central cam and a side cam having two bosses (12). We find the motor shaft (1), the central cam (2) and a side cam (3), a roller (6) integral with the piston by its axis (17), resting on a groove (18) on the external extension of the cam (3). The mini-bosses (19) allow the engine intake and exhaust valves to be lifted. We could have represented the cams (2), (3) and (4) with three, four, five .. bosses; The motor shaft in this case would rotate three, four, five ... times slower than the number of pistons going back and forth.

La figure 3 est une vue transversale d'un moteur à une seule rangée de cylindres et deux arbres moteurs concentriques tournant à vitesse égale mais en sens inverse, seule la partie supérieure ayant été représentée. Nous retrouvons les différents éléments, l'arbre moteur (1) solidaire de la came centrale (2), les cames latérales (3) et (4) tournent en sens inverse et à vitesse égale de la came centrale (2) grâce aux pignons (13,14,15, 16) mais la disposition de la came (4) est un peu différente, le pignon (13) solidaire de l'arbre moteur (1) étant placé entre les cames (2) et (4), il attaque le pignon (14) solidaire du pignon (15) situé de l'autre côté de la came (4), qui s'appuie sur le pignon fixe (16). On obtient un deuxième arbre moteur (20) qui est contra-rotatif de l'arbre (1FIG. 3 is a transverse view of an engine with a single row of cylinders and two concentric drive shafts rotating at equal speed but in opposite directions, only the upper part having been shown. We find the different elements, the motor shaft (1) integral with the central cam (2), the side cams (3) and (4) rotate in opposite directions and at equal speed from the central cam (2) thanks to the pinions (13,14,15, 16) but the arrangement of the cam (4) is a little different, the pinion (13) integral with the motor shaft (1) being placed between the cams (2) and (4), it attacks the pinion (14) integral with the pinion (15) located on the other side of the cam (4), which rests on the fixed pinion (16). A second driving shaft (20) is obtained which is counter-rotating of the shaft (1

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un moteur comportant deux rangées de cylindres avec un seul arbre moteur (1); on distingue le carter (11) assemblé avec le carter (21) pour ne former qu'un seul bloc, on retrouve les mêmes cames (2, 3, 4) et les mêmes pignons (13,14,15 et 16). Dans cette figure, ce sont les cames latérales (3) et (4) qui sont solidaires de l'arbre moteur (1) et c'est la came centrale (2) qui est entraînée en marche inverse et à vitesse égale par le train Pecqueur (13, 14, 15, 16). On a donc qu'un seul arbre de sortie.Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an engine having two rows of cylinders with a single engine shaft (1); there are the housing (11) assembled with the housing (21) to form a single block, there are the same cams (2, 3, 4) and the same pinions (13,14,15 and 16). In this figure, it is the side cams (3) and (4) which are integral with the motor shaft (1) and it is the central cam (2) which is driven in reverse and at equal speed by the train. Fisherman (13, 14, 15, 16). So there is only one output shaft.

Dans la figure 5, il s'agit d'une simple variante, l'arbre moteur (1) portant toujours les trois cames (2, 3, 4), mais dans ce cas, c'est la came centrale qui est solidaire de l'arbre moteur. On peut donc rendre l'arbre moteur solidaire, soit de la came centrale, soit des deux cames latérales sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention.In FIG. 5, it is a simple variant, the drive shaft (1) always carrying the three cams (2, 3, 4), but in this case, it is the central cam which is integral with the drive shaft. We can therefore make the motor shaft integral with either the central cam or the two side cams without departing from the scope of the invention.

La figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un moteur à deux rangées de cylindres. On retrouve toujours l'arbre moteur (1) portant les cames (2, 3, 4), ce sont dans la première rangée des cylindres les deux cames latérales (3) et (4) qui sont solidaires de l'arbre moteur. Dans la deuxième rangée des cylindres, on a l'arbre moteur (20) portant les trois cames (22, 23 et 24), on retrouve les pignons (13, 14, 15, 16) du train pecqueur. S'il n'y avait pas d'autres pièces, nous aurions deux moteurs totalement indépendants avec des vitesses totalement séparées, mais nous voulons obtenir un arbre moteur (20) tournant en sens inverse de (1) et à vitesse égale. Un nouveau train Pecqueur comprenant un pignon (25) solidaire de l'arbre moteur (1) entraîne le satellite (26, 27) qui s'appuie sur le pignon fixe (28). La came (23) part en marche arrière et à vitesse égale si les pignons ont le nombre de dents souhaité.Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an engine with two rows of cylinders. We always find the motor shaft (1) carrying the cams (2, 3, 4), it is in the first row of the cylinders the two lateral cams (3) and (4) which are integral with the motor shaft. In the second row of cylinders, there is the drive shaft (20) carrying the three cams (22, 23 and 24), there are the pinions (13, 14, 15, 16) of the pecking train. If there were no other parts, we would have two completely independent motors with totally separate speeds, but we want to obtain a motor shaft (20) rotating in opposite direction from (1) and at equal speed. A new Pécqueur train comprising a pinion (25) integral with the motor shaft (1) drives the satellite (26, 27) which rests on the fixed pinion (28). The cam (23) goes in reverse and at equal speed if the pinions have the desired number of teeth.

Bien entendu, on peut obtenir soit des rangées de cylindres indépendantes les unes des autres et, dans ce cas on a autant d'arbres moteurs différents que le nombre de rangées de cylindres, soit des rangées de cylindres les unes indépendantes, les autres liées, dont le résultat est d'obtenir autant d'arbres moteurs indépendants qu'il y a de rangées indépendantes et autant d'arbres moteurs liés qu'il y a de rangées associées.Of course, one can obtain either rows of cylinders independent of each other and, in this case, there are as many different drive shafts as the number of rows of cylinders, or rows of cylinders, each independent, the others linked, the result of which is to obtain as many independent drive shafts as there are independent rows and as many linked drive shafts as there are associated rows.

La figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale montrant le cas particulier d'un moteur où l'on a trois rangées de cylindres, chaque rangée n'ayant qu'une seule came, mais dont l'arbre moteur porte toujours trois cames, une came centrale tournant dans un sens et deux cames latérales tournant en sens inverse et à vitesse égale. L'arbre moteur (1) porte une came centrale (2) solidaire par exemple de l'arbre moteur, les cames (3) et (4) tournant en sens inverse et à vitesse égale grâce aux pignons d'un train Pecqueur (13, 14, 15, 16). Les trois pistons (8) sont solidaires des galets (5, 6, 7) qui sont montés sur un axe unique (17) qui vient s'appuyer dans la rainure (18) par l'intermédiaire du galet (30), les cylindres (9) portant les culasses (10). Les trois pistons marcheront donc en même temps, on obtient donc une construction plus légère si l'on cherche à obtenir un plus grand nombre de cylindres, de plus les pistons pourront porter des surfaces d'appui sensiblement à la hauteur du galet, pour supporter la légère déformation de l'axe (17), ces surfaces d'appui étant situées dans l'axe de la came.FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the particular case of an engine where there are three rows of cylinders, each row having only one cam, but the engine shaft of which always carries three cams, one central cam rotating in one direction and two side cams turning in opposite direction and at equal speed. The motor shaft (1) carries a central cam (2) integral for example with the motor shaft, the cams (3) and (4) rotating in opposite directions and at equal speed thanks to the pinions of a Pecqueur train (13 , 14, 15, 16). The three pistons (8) are integral with the rollers (5, 6, 7) which are mounted on a single axis (17) which comes to rest in the groove (18) via the roller (30), the cylinders (9) carrying the cylinder heads (10). The three pistons will therefore work at the same time, so a lighter construction is obtained if one seeks to obtain a greater number of cylinders, moreover the pistons will be able to carry bearing surfaces substantially at the height of the roller, to support the slight deformation of the axis (17), these bearing surfaces being located in the axis of the cam.

La figure 8 est une vue en coupe de face représentant une came centrale (2) avec son arbre moteur (1) et son galet (5) tourillonnant sur son axe (17). Ce galet est attaché au piston (8) qui se compose de deux parties, la partie supérieure comprend le cylindre (9), la culasse (10) et la chambre de combustion (31) dans la partie inférieure, pouvant être d'un diamètre plus important., le bas du piston (8) comprimant l'espace (32) pour fournir une alimentation en air comprimé du moteur, on réalise ainsi un compresseur très simple. Bien entendu, des conduits et des clapets d'admission et d'échappement permettront à l'air ainsi comprimé de rejoindre la culasse (10) mais cela ne fait pas partie de l'invention et n'a donc pas été représenté.Figure 8 is a front sectional view showing a central cam (2) with its drive shaft (1) and its roller (5) journalled on its axis (17). This roller is attached to the piston (8) which consists of two parts, the upper part includes the cylinder (9), the cylinder head (10) and the combustion chamber (31) in the lower part, which can be of a diameter more important., the bottom of the piston (8) compressing the space (32) to provide a supply of compressed air to the engine, a very simple compressor is thus produced. Of course, intake and exhaust ducts and valves will allow the compressed air to reach the cylinder head (10), but this is not part of the invention and has therefore not been shown.

La figure 9 est une vue en coupe de face montrant une came à un seul bossage. On remarque que l'on a une courbe régulière et symétrique et que nous avons choisi un temps moteur pour un tour de l'arbre-moteur (genre deux temps). Nous retrouvons l'arbre moteur (1) entraînant la came (2), le piston atteint le point mort haut au point (33) puis il redescend jusqu'au point (35) et remonte au point mort haut (34). Entre le point (34) et le point (36), la came (2) reçoit la poussée résultant de la combustion, c'est la détente, au point (36) le piston est au point mort bas, il y reste jusqu'au point (37), ce qui permet l'échappement des gaz brûlés et l'introduction des gaz frais, au point (37) le piston commence sa compression qu'il achève au point (33). C'est un peu avant le point (33) que l'injection ou l'allumage de la bougie commence.Figure 9 is a front sectional view showing a cam with a single boss. We notice that we have a regular and symmetrical curve and that we have chosen an engine time for one revolution of the motor shaft (like two times). We find the motor shaft (1) driving the cam (2), the piston reaches top dead center at point (33) then it descends to point (35) and goes back to top dead center (34). Between point (34) and point (36), the cam (2) receives the thrust resulting from combustion, it is the trigger, at point (36) the piston is in bottom dead center, it stays there until at point (37), which allows the exhaust of the burnt gases and the introduction of fresh gases, at point (37) the piston begins its compression which it completes at point (33). It is a little before point (33) that the injection or ignition of the spark plug begins.

La figure 10 est une vue schématique montrant les différents temps d'un cycle comprenant un temps moteur pour deux aller et retour des pistons (genre quatre temps). Dans ce cas, les points (36) et (37) seraient confondus au point (38), et l'on obtient trois temps par tour, ce qui aurait donné dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre (33-34) Temps mort, (34-38) Admission, (38-33) Compression, (33'-34') Combustion à volume constant, (34'-38') Détente (38'-33') Echappement. On obtient donc six temps pour deux aller et retour des pistons, les deux cercles (39) et (40) représentant les points morts bas et haut.Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the different times of a cycle comprising an engine time for two round trips and pistons (like four times). In this case, points (36) and (37) would be confused with point (38), and we obtain three times per lap, which would have given clockwise (33-34) Time dead, (34-38) Intake, (38-33) Compression, (33'-34 ') Constant volume combustion, (34'-38') Relaxation (38'-33 ') Exhaust. We therefore obtain six times for two round trips of the pistons, the two circles (39) and (40) representing the bottom and top dead centers.

On pourrait tracer une courbe dissymétrique pour montrer que beaucoup de réalisations sont possibles sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention. Dans ce cas, on peut allonger le temps de la détente pour un meilleur rendement. On pourrait aussi obtenir un temps de détente de 150° pour trois autres temps (d'échappement- admission, compression, combustion) de 70° chacun environ.One could draw an asymmetrical curve to show that many embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. In this case, the relaxation time can be extended for better performance. One could also obtain a relaxation time of 150 ° for three other times (exhaust-intake, compression, combustion) of approximately 70 ° each.

On pourrait également, sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention, déplacer l'axe de l'arbre moteur par rapport au centre des cames, de compression, de détente, et d'admission, dans le cas où les cames ne comportent qu'un seul ou deux bossages.We could also, without departing from the scope of the invention, move the axis of the drive shaft relative to the center of the cams, compression, rebound, and intake, in the case where the cams do not include only one or two bosses.

Claims (14)

1. Combustion engine having no connecting rods or crankshaft whose cylinders are disposed radially, the axes of these cylinders being situated in a plane perpendicular to the drive shaft (1), and the alternating movement of each piston (8) being transmitted via three rollers mounted on a spindle (17) fixed to this piston, the said rollers (7, 5, 6) rolling on three parallel cams (4, 2, 3) mounted coaxially on the drive shaft and driven thereby, characterized in that the three cams (2, 3, 4) have an exterior cam contour which interacts with the said rollers (7, 5, 6) and are mounted side by side on the drive shaft, the central cam (2) rotating in one direction and the two lateral cams (3, 4) rotating at the same speed as the central cam but in the opposite direction to the latter, the three cams being positioned in a manner such that the apexes of the bosses (12) of the three cams, at top dead centre, are in a plane passing through the axis of the drive shaft and the three apexes of the said bosses, the ends of the said spindle (17) of the rollers being guided in grooves (18) made in the exterior extension of the lateral cams (3, 4).
2. Radial engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inversion of direction between the central cam (2) and the lateral cams (3, 4) is obtained by virtue of a planetary gear train called a Pecqueur train or by virtue of gears fixed on the engine crankcase or by virtue of a train of spherical gears.
3. Radial engine according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the profile of the central cam (2) is symmetrical with that of the two lateral cams (3) and (4).
4. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the cams and the rollers bear fine toothings in order to prevent them from slipping.
5. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional roller is added at the ends of the axis of the pistons.
6. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that connecting pieces or cables connect the pistons (8) of the opposite cylinders when the displacement of the two pistons is identical and in the same direction.
7. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it possesses, on each side of a line of cylinders (9), two concentric drive shafts (1), (20) rotating at the same speed but in opposite directions.
8. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it possesses, on one side of a plurality of lines of cylinders (9), twice as many drive shafts (1) as there are lines of cylinders plus one, these shafts all being concentric but being able to rotate at the same speed or at different speeds in the same direction or in opposite directions, depending upon the arrangement of the lines of engines (sic).
9. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral cams (3, 4) possess on their outer part mini-bosses (19) or grooves controlling the opening and closing of the valves of the engine.
10. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it possesses three lines of cylinders, a single cam per line of cylinders (9), a central cam (2) for the central line and two lateral cams (2, 3) for the lateral lines, rotating in the opposite direction to the central cam (2) and at equal speed, each piston (8) possessing a single roller, being fixed to the other two pistons.
11. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston (8) possesses two parts, the upper part performing the combustion and the lower part performing the compression of air intended for supercharging.
12. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the design of the cams (2, 3, 4) is such that the apexes of the bosses (12) of the three cams bring the piston (8) to top dead centre then lower it back very slightly, and finally bring it back to top dead centre in a manner such as to obtain a variation in the volume of the combustion chamber, promoting combustion.
13. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the cam (2) possesses a single boss possessing a regular and symmetrical curve which gives, in the event of combustion every return stroke of the pistons (two-stroke type), four strokes over the rotation of 360°, exhaust and suction, compression, constant volume combustion, expansion, these four strokes being able to share the total rotation period approximately equally.
14. Radial engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it produces a combustion every two return strokes of the pistons (four-stroke type), giving six strokes over the rotation of the two turns, exhaust, idle stroke, compression, constant-volume combustion, expansion.
EP87420314A 1986-11-28 1987-11-24 Internal-combustion engine with a star-shaped cylinder configuration, and without a crank shaft or connecting rods Expired - Lifetime EP0269536B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8616862 1986-11-28
FR868616862A FR2607552B1 (en) 1986-05-21 1986-11-28 EXPLOSION ENGINE WITHOUT LINKAGE OR CRANKSHAFT OF THE STAR CYLINDER TYPE

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EP0269536A2 EP0269536A2 (en) 1988-06-01
EP0269536A3 EP0269536A3 (en) 1989-04-05
EP0269536B1 true EP0269536B1 (en) 1991-01-23

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US (1) US4848282A (en)
EP (1) EP0269536B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63239318A (en)
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CN111287848A (en) * 2014-01-15 2020-06-16 纽勒诺有限公司 Piston device

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EP0269536A2 (en) 1988-06-01
FR2607552A1 (en) 1988-06-03
DE3767677D1 (en) 1991-02-28
EP0269536A3 (en) 1989-04-05
JPS63239318A (en) 1988-10-05
FR2607552B1 (en) 1991-07-19
US4848282A (en) 1989-07-18

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