FR2752223A1 - Method of closing bottle, especially wine bottles - Google Patents

Abstract

A bottle stopper, made from a cylinder of cork or compressed cork particles, is subjected to varying pressures and temperatures which can be compensated for by piercing a lengthwise channel (16) along the centre of the cork, but not all the way through it and connecting it to a chamber (4) of water, or water and oxygen, under pressure. The water is forced into the pores of the cork and prevents it from drying out. In a variant of the design a moisture generator can be inserted into the channel in the cork.

Description

 The present invention relates to a method and a closure device aimed at increasing the sealing capacity of a stopper placed between two media including a primary medium comprising at least one primary active substance, and a secondary medium comprising at least one secondary useful substance. (in liquid or gaseous form), and possibly at least one secondary critical substance.

 The invention relates firstly to an improvement to the traditional method of capping consisting in separating the two primary and secondary environments by an enclosure, in providing in this enclosure an opening surrounded by a collar, in obstructing this opening by pressing into the collar to force (with lateral compression) a plug.

 The invention finds a particularly effective application in improving the sealing capacity of cork stoppers during the aging of wines in bottles.

 The traditional stoppers, used according to the above conventional process consist of a porous material (generally cork), elastic, having the known property of stopping the flow of primary active substance (wine) beyond a certain minimum primary stopping thickness (thickness of impregnation of the wine in the stopper when the bottle is stored horizontally) and also having the known property that its elasticity is maintained over time and possibly improved and / or that its volume is increased by the presence in its porosities of a certain amount of secondary useful substance (humidity). In addition, the conventional length of the plugs along their longitudinal axis (in the direction of the axis of the opening and of the collar) is generally substantially greater than said minimum minimum stop thickness.

 These known arrangements of the capping method according to the prior art aims to stop the flow of primary active substance (wine) through the stopper outside the primary medium (inside the bottle) beyond said minimum minimum primary thickness of stopping. . The purpose of traditionally giving the stopper a length greater than said minimum primary stop thickness is intended to ensure, because of its length, increased friction between the lateral face of the stopper and the inner wall of the neck of the bottle to counteract the pressure difference between the two primary and secondary media and immobilize the cap on the collar. In addition, this reduces the lateral flow of primary active substance (wine) between the side face of the stopper and the inner wall of the neck of the bottle.

 A frequent problem encountered according to the prior art relates to the aging of the plug due to its drying out and to the decrease in its mechanical capacities to resist the stresses resulting from the temperature cycles of the secondary medium (ambient medium). Indeed, the primary medium (inside the bottle) concerned may (possibly intermittently and according to cycles) undergo a pressure higher than that of the secondary medium (in particular due to temperature variations or chemical reactions within the active substance primary). In addition, it happens after a certain period of blocking, that the said secondary useful substance (humidity) no longer sufficiently penetrates the heart of the stopper and the latter "dries out" in its central part. The plug then tends to retract "sphincterically" in its central part. It is no longer sufficiently in contact with pressure with the collar in its central part. This often results in a harmful lateral flow of the primary active substance (wine) between the side face of the stopper and the inner wall of the neck of the bottle and a penetration of secondary critical substance (oxygen) by the same path which oxidizes the primary active substance. (wine). It frequently happens that, due to this leakage due to the aging of the cork, the primary active substance (wine) is unfit for consumption.

 According to a first variant, the invention aims to solve this problem. According to this first variant of the closure method of the invention, in combination with the conventional arrangements described above, cleaning is carried out in the stopper, on the side of the secondary medium (outside of the bottle) and substantially along the longitudinal axis of the stopper, a longitudinal recess whose height is less than the length of the plug so as not to open. In addition, this recess is given a height such that the difference between the length of the plug and the height of the longitudinal recess leaves a full thickness of plug greater than the minimum primary stop thickness.

 The advantage of implementing this first variant of the plugging method according to the invention is that, at constant length of the plug, the penetration of the secondary useful substance (humidity) of the secondary medium is increased (ambient medium ) along the body of the cap. Thus, the stability of the presence of this secondary useful substance (humidity) is increased through the porous material (cork) in the central part of the plug. As a result, the effective surface of pressure for pressing the stopper on the collar is increased, and therefore the resistance of the stopper to the pressure and lateral flow of the primary active substance, while maintaining the impermeability of the stopper substantially constant. to the flow of primary active substance (wine) through the stopper. Consequently, the capacity of the stopper is increased to prevent the global flow of primary active substance (wine) from the primary medium (interior of the bottle) to the secondary medium (ambient medium).

 The invention consists, apart from the variant of the capping method set out above, in other particular variants of this capping method and in various improvements to the production of plugs to implement these methods, of which it will be more expressly question below in connection with particular embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In these drawings:
- Figure 1 shows schematically a classic bottle, corked with a stopper, to ensure the aging of a wine in the cellar.

 - Figure 2 shows schematically a bottle of wine, provided with a first type of cork implementing a first variant of the corking method according to the invention in an inert external environment.

 - Figure 3 shows schematically a wine bottle, provided with a second type of stopper implementing a second variant of the corking method according to the invention in an outdoor environment containing oxygen (especially in a cellar).

 - Figure 4 schematically shows a wine bottle provided with a third type of stopper implementing a third variant of the corking method according to the invention, to ensure slow oxidation at controlled speed of the wine during its aging in a cellar.

 - Figure 5 schematically shows a wine bottle provided with a fourth type of stopper equipped with a specific humidity generator system, implementing a fourth variant of the stopping method according to the invention to limit the degradation of the stopper and wine as it ages in places that are too dry or have a high temperature variation.

 - Figure 6 schematically shows a bottle of wine with a stopper according to the invention being uncorked using a conventional corkscrew.

With reference to FIGS. 1.A and 1.B, we consider the technical problem of capping which is encountered in the storage and traditional aging of wines (38) in bottles (37). We recognize a bottle (37) of wine (38) closed by a classic stopper (0) and stored horizontally inside a cellar whose portion in contact with the classic stopper (0) is represented in (C) . In that case:
- The enclosure (7) consists of a glass bottle (37),
- the primary medium (2) is the interior of the bottle (37),
- the primary active substance (3) consists of wine (38),
- the secondary medium (4) constituted by the cellar (C), contains a useful secondary substance (5) in this case humidity (in gaseous form) and a secondary critical substance (6) in this case oxygen contained in the ambient air.

 It is useful to consider what is the technical interest of a cellar (C) for the conservation of wine (3.38) during its aging.

 It is customary to define a good cellar (C) as having the main purpose of maintaining the ambient temperature ideally between 10 "C and 120C and to maintain a hygrometry ideally around 75%; and auxiliary to maintain the wine ( 3.38) in the dark and away from vibration and noise.

 It is known that the vibrations damage the wine (38) in particular by release of the dissolved oxygen and reactivation of certain yeasts, and that the light plays unfavorably on the color of the wines by accentuating the precipitation of the tannins. But these auxiliary provisions do not require a cellar, they could just as easily be obtained in any room.

 On the other hand, the temperature and humidity constraints of a cellar are essential, but mainly intended for the cork (0) and not for the wine (38) itself. The humidity prevents the plugs (0) from drying out and therefore do not "sphincterize" in their central part, losing their sealing capacity. It is also for this reason that the bottles (37) must be kept lying down. The classic stoppers (0) are made of cork (35) and / or agglomerated cork dust. Cork (35) is a material suitable for corking wines due to several factors: very airy structure, cells containing a predominantly nitrogen gas, low density, lightness, elasticity quality. This is due to the elasticity of the cork (35) that the neck is obstructed (9.39) by forcing inside (with lateral compression) a plug (0). Cork (35) has the known property that its elasticity is maintained over time and possibly improved and / or that its volume is increased by the presence in its porosities of a certain amount of moisture (5). In addition, cork (35) constitutes a porous material (10), elastic, having the known property of stopping the flow of primary active substance, wine (3.38) beyond a certain minimum primary thickness of stop (11) stop (thickness of impregnation of the wine in the stopper when the bottle is stored horizontally). This thickness (11) is visible in a darker color on the side wall of the stopper (0) when an old bottle (37) of wine (38) is opened. The purpose of the humidity (5) of a cellar (C) is to maintain as far as possible a certain amount of humidity (5) in the stopper body (0) to preserve its mechanical qualities. But cork (35) is not very permeable to water. So that the stopper only absorbs moisture (5) in its external part (41) in contact with the air in the cellar (C) and in its internal part (42) in contact with the wine (38 ). In these ends (41,42), the humidity (5) of the cork in the cork (0) is around 20% (in a good cellar) but decreases sharply in the central recessed part (19) of the cork ( 0). This results in a sort of constriction or "sphincterization" (43) of the plug (0) along its lateral face (14) in its central recessed part (19).

 Furthermore, the temperature constraints imposed on a cellar (C) are mainly linked to the fact that under the effect of temperature variations in the cellar (C), the wine (3.38) expands and contracts in its bottle (37). The stopper (0) undergoes a cycle of mechanical stresses which age the cork (35). The drying of the cork (35) reduces the capacity of the stopper (0) to resist these mechanical stresses.

 Many facts confirm this explanation of the importance of a cellar (C) mainly for the preservation of corks (0) and not directly for the conservation of wine (3.38). On the one hand, a study of the chemical reactions of wine (38) inside the bottles (37) shows that, unlike "rumor", there is no need to breathe and, on the contrary, the presence of air, and more specifically oxygen, is very harmful to it. In other words, an airtight stopper (plastic, or metal) would play as good a role as a cork stopper if it did not present the risk of giving a taste to the wine. We also know that the capping of corks with wax, apart from the fact that it is impractical, is very effective for the conservation of wine. This is because it seals the cap and "traps" its moisture. On the other hand, many archaeologists have discovered Greek and Roman amphorae at the bottom of the sea, presenting a state of conservation of the wine, much higher than one would have hoped if it had been kept in a cellar. Finally, recent studies carried out in France, on a large sample of Grand Crus immersed in the sea for long periods, have shown that these great wines keep perfectly under water. In other words, it is not the wine that needs to "breathe" as it is often claimed, but the cork, to indirectly maintain the quality of the wine.

 With reference to FIGS. 1.A and 1.B, it can be seen that, according to an arrangement known from the prior art, the length (12) of the conventional plug (0) along its longitudinal axis (13) (in the direction of the axis of the opening (8) and the collar (9) of the bottle (37)) is substantially greater than the said minimum primary stop thickness (11). The purpose of this is to stop the central flow (F) of wine (3.38) through the stopper (0) outside the primary medium (2) beyond said minimum primary stop thickness (11) to ensure, due to the length (12) of the plug (0), increased friction between the lateral face (14) of the plug (0) and the internal wall (15) of the collar (9) to counteract the pressure difference between the two primary (2) and secondary (4, C) media, immobilize the stopper (0) on the collar (9) and reduce the lateral flow (E) of wine (3.38) between the face side (14) of the stopper (0) and the inner wall (15) of the collar (9.39) of the bottle (37). Despite this, we note that a certain quantity of wine (38) escapes by lateral flow (E). It can be seen that the level of bottles of old wine drop over time due to the mechanical aging of conventional corks (0) for the reasons described above. It is for this reason that the producers of grands crus recommend changing the corks (0) every 20 years for old wines, which generates considerable costs.

 With reference to FIGS. 2A and 2.B, it can be seen that according to the method of the invention, the plug (1) has been formed on the side of the secondary medium (4.1) and substantially along its longitudinal axis (13) , a longitudinal recess (16) whose height (17) is less than the length (12) of the plug (1) so as not to open. According to the invention, this recess is given a height (17) such that the difference between the length (12) of the plug (1) and the height (17) of the longitudinal recess (16) leaves a full thickness (18 ) plug (1) greater than the minimum primary stop thickness (11).

 According to this first variant, it can be seen that at constant length (12) of the plug (1), the penetration of the secondary useful substance (5) of the secondary medium (4.1) is increased along the body of the plug (1) and the stability of the presence of this secondary useful substance (5) is increased through the porous material (10) in the depressed central part (19) of the plug (1). The zone (Z2) materializes the penetration of the secondary useful substance (humidity, 5) into the heart of the stopper (1). As a result, the effective contact pressure surface (20) of the plug (1) on the collar (9) and therefore the resistance of the plug (1) to pressure and lateral flow (E) is increased. the primary active substance (3), while maintaining substantially constant the impermeability of the plug (1) to the flow of primary active substance (3) through the plug (1). The capacity of the plug (1) is therefore increased to prevent the global flow of primary active substance (3) from the primary medium (2) to the secondary medium (4). The variant of the process of the invention described above could be envisaged if bottles (37) of wines (38) were aged in an inert non-oxidizing external environment (I).

 The second variant of the closure method according to the invention is described in FIGS. 3.A and 3.B. It relates to the case where the stopper (1) is placed between two media including a primary medium (2) comprising at least one primary active substance (3), and a secondary medium (4) comprising at least one secondary useful substance (5) (in liquid or gaseous form), and at least one secondary critical substance (6). The most common case described in Figure 3 is that where a bottle (37) of wine (3.38) is stored in a cellar (C) whose atmosphere includes oxygen (6) whose contact with the wine ( 38) would be harmful during its aging. It frequently happens that the primary medium (2), the interior of the bottle (37), undergoes (intermittently) a pressure sometimes higher and sometimes lower than that of the secondary medium, the cellar (4, C), in particular because temperature variations or chemical reactions within the primary active substance, wine (3.38).

According to this variant of the closure method of the invention, the opening (8) is obstructed by pressing into the collar (9,39) by force (with lateral compression) a plug (1) made of a porous material (10 ), elastic, in this case cork (35) having the known property of stopping the flow of secondary critical substance (6),
Oxygen, beyond a certain minimum secondary stop thickness (21). The plug (1) is given a length (12) along its longitudinal axis (13) (in the direction of the axis of the opening (8) and the collar (9)) substantially greater than both of said thickness minimum stopping primary (11) and said minimum stopping secondary thickness (21). But in addition, the longitudinal recess (16) is given a height (17) such that the difference between the length (12) of the plug (1) and the height (17) of the longitudinal recess (16) leaves a full thickness (18) of plug greater than both the minimum primary stop thickness (11), and the minimum secondary stop thickness (21). According to this arrangement, at constant length (12) of the stopper (1), the capacity of the stopper (1) is increased to prevent the overall flow of primary active substance (wine) (3.38) from the primary medium (inside the bottle). ) (2) towards the secondary medium (ambient medium) (4, C), while maintaining the capacity of the plug (1) to prevent the global flow of secondary critical substance (oxygen) (6) from the secondary medium (4, C ) towards the primary environment (2).

 The third variant described in FIGS. 4.A and 4.B of the method according to the invention relates to the case where it is desired to effect a selective adjustment of the dialytic action of a plug (1) placed between two primary media (2 ) and secondary (4, C). It relates in particular to the case where it is desired that a very small amount of oxygen (6) enters the bottle (37) during the aging of the wine (38). This arrangement can in particular be envisaged in the case of aging in bottles (37) of Madeira wines (38) and certain sparkling wines. It applies to the case where the minimum primary stop thickness (11) is less than the minimum secondary stop thickness (21). According to this variant, the recess (16) is given a specific height (17) such that the difference between the length (12) of the plug (1) and the height (17) of the longitudinal recess (16) leaves a full thickness (18) of plug (1) calibrated greater than the minimum primary stop thickness (11), but slightly less than the minimum secondary stop thickness (21). In this way, a very low calibrated flow of secondary critical substance (oxygen) (6), appearing in the zone (4.C), is allowed to slowly pass through the plug (1), ensuring a desired slow reaction at controlled speed between the secondary critical substance (oxygen) (6) and the primary active substance (wine) (3.38).

 FIGS. 5.A and 5.B describe a fourth variant of the closure method of the invention according to which a preservative and generator device (22) of a low dose of secondary useful substance is inserted into said longitudinal recess (16). (5). This arrangement makes it possible to ensure a substantially constant penetration over time of the secondary useful substance (oxygen) (5) in the heart and along the body of the stopper (1) and to increase the stability of the presence of this secondary useful substance. (5) through the porous material (cork) (10,35) in the depressed central part (19) of the plug (1). It can be seen that the penetration zone (Z5) of the secondary useful substance (5) has widened in the depressed central part (19) of the plug (1). Thus, the effective contact pressure surface (20) of the plug (1) on the collar (9) is stably increased and therefore the resistance of the plug (1) to pressure and lateral flow (E). of the primary active substance (3) outwards, while maintaining the impermeability of the plug (1) substantially constant to the flow of primary active substance (3) through the plug (1). We therefore increase and stabilize the capacity of the stopper (1) to prevent the global flow of primary active substance (wine) (3.38) from the primary medium (inside the bottle) (2) to the secondary medium (ambient medium ) (4). The capacity of the stopper (1) is also increased to block the lateral penetration of the secondary critical substance (oxygen) (4) into the bottle (37). This arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to increase the life of the plugs (1). It also makes it possible to envisage that the storage and aging of a wine (38) in a bottle (37) can be perfectly carried out not in a cellar (C) but in the atmosphere (P) of a single room , or closet, in the shade and away from vibrations.

 Figure 5.B shows in section a possible variant of the device (22) preservative and humidity generator used above. It consists of a substantially cylindrical tube (23) intended to be forced into the said longitudinal recess (16) of the plug (1) and therefore of slightly larger section. The tube (23) is provided with a closure (24) at one of its outer end (25) located on the side of the outlet of the longitudinal recess (16) and provided with opening (s) (27j to the other inner end (28) located on the side of the bottom (29) of the longitudinal recess (16). Inside the tube (22) is trapped a reserve (30) of secondary useful substance (5) maintained thanks to a retention device (31) such as a micro-sponge (32).

 FIG. 6 describes a fifth variant of the plugging method of the invention according to which an object, in particular (40), whose function is concomitant with the use of the primary active substance is inserted into said longitudinal recess (16) wine) (3) when opening the stopper (1). In the present case it is a jewel (40) intended to be used by one of the consumers of the bottle (37) after opening the stopper (1) and during the consumption of the wine (38).

 The invention relates, secondly, to the caps, as described in FIGS. 2 to 6, intended to implement the capping method according to the invention, for sealing the neck (39) of a bottle (37) of liquid. (38) (and in particular wine). A plug (1) according to the invention, as it appears in FIG. 7, is constituted in a known manner by a cylinder (33) of dimension substantially equal to 24 mm (section (34)) x 44 mm (length (12) ), made of cork (35) and preferably of agglomerated cork dust (36). A plug (1) according to the invention is remarkable in that it consists of a porous material (15) and pierced substantially along its longitudinal axis (13), by a longitudinal recess (16) whose height (17 ) is less than the length (12) of the plug (1) so as not to open.

 It can be seen with reference to FIG. 7 that an auxiliary advantage of the plugs (1) according to the invention is to facilitate penetration along the axis (13) of the plug (1) of the helicoid (45) of a tire -classical stopper, when uncorking a stopper (1); this due to a lower penetration effort along this axis. This makes it possible to reduce the risks of crumbling and destruction of the conventional cork when uncorking a cork.

 The implementation of the process of the invention is particularly suitable for improving the qualities of resistance to aging of stoppers made of agglomerated cork powder (36), such as those sold by Etablissements Augustin Sabaté. In fact, by making a longitudinal recess (16) inside a plug (1) made of cork powder (36), the qualities of better elasticity, homogeneity and isotropy of this material are combined. , which ensure a constant plugging effect on a batch of plugs (1), with the longitudinal recess (16) which increases the resistance over time of each plug (1).

 Finally, the invention relates, thirdly, to bottles (37) as described in FIGS. 2 to 6, filled with liquid (3.38) (and in particular wine), intended to implement the process of the invention, and remarkable in that their neck (39) is closed by a plug (1) according to the invention, made of porous material (10,35,36), as described above, and pierced with a longitudinal recess (16 ) not opening.

 The invention having now been described, and its interest justified in detailed examples, the applicants reserve exclusivity for the entire duration of the patent, without limitation other than that of the terms of the claims below.

Claims (10)

1. Clogging process aimed at increasing the sealing capacity of a plug (1) placed between two media, including: - a primary medium (2) comprising:  at least one primary active substance (3), - and a secondary medium (4) comprising:  . at least one secondary useful substance (5) (in liquid form  or gaseous),  and possibly at least one secondary critical substance  (6), - the primary medium (2) may (possibly intermittently) be subjected to a pressure greater than that of the secondary medium (4) (in particular due to temperature variations or chemical reactions within the primary active substance (3 )), said plugging process being of the known type consisting in: - separating the two primary and secondary media by an enclosure (7), - providing in this enclosure (7) an opening (8) surrounded by a collar ( 9), - to obstruct this opening (8) by pushing a plug (1) into the collar (9) by force (with lateral compression):  consisting of a porous material (10), elastic, having the  known property of stopping the flow of primary active substance  (3) beyond a certain minimum primary stop thickness  (11), and having the known property that its  elasticity is maintained over time and possibly  improved and / or its volume is increased by the presence  in its porosities of a certain amount of useful substance  Secondary 5),  and whose length (12) along its longitudinal axis (13) (in the  direction of the axis of the opening (8) and the collar (9)) is substantially  greater than ia said minimum primary stopping thickness (11), in a known manner: - to stop the flow of primary active substance (3) through the plug (1) outside the primary medium (2) beyond of said minimum primary stop thickness (11), - due to the length (12) of the plug (1), ensuring increased friction between the lateral face (14) of the plug (1) and the interior wall ( 15) of the collar (9) to counteract the pressure difference between the two primary and secondary media, to immobilize the plug (1) on the collar (9), - and to reduce the lateral flow of primary active substance (3 ) between the lateral face (14) of the plug (1) and the internal wall (15) of the collar (9), the said method being characterized in that, in combination with the preceding arrangements: - cleaning is carried out in the plug (1 ), on the side of the secondary medium (4) and substantially along its longitudinal axis (13), a longitudinal recess (16) whose top eur (17) is less than the length (12) of the plug (1) so as not to open, - and in addition, this recess is given a height (17) such that the difference between the length (12) of the plug (1) and the height (17) of the longitudinal recess (16) leaves a full thickness (18) of plug (1) greater than the minimum primary stop thickness (11); so that, at constant length (12) of the stopper (1): - the penetration of the secondary useful substance (5) of the secondary medium (4) is increased along the body of the stopper (1) and the stability of the presence of this secondary useful substance (5) through the porous material (10) in the central recessed part (19) of the plug (1), - thereby increasing the effective surface of pressure of support (20 ) of the plug (1) on the collar (9) and therefore the resistance of the plug (1) to the pressure and lateral flow of the primary active substance (3), - while keeping the waterproofing of the plug substantially constant (1) to the flow of primary active substance (3) through the plug (1), - and therefore the capacity of the plug (1) is increased to prevent the overall flow of primary active substance (3) from the primary medium (2 ) towards the secondary environment (4). 2. The closure method according to claim 1, which aims to increase the sealing capacity of a stopper (1) placed between two media, including: - a primary medium (2) comprising:  at least one primary active substance (3), - and a secondary medium (4) comprising:  at least one secondary useful substance (5) (in liquid form  or gaseous),  and at least one secondary critical substance (6), - the primary medium (2) which can (intermittently) be subjected to a pressure sometimes higher and sometimes lower than that of the secondary medium (4) in particular due to variations in temperature or chemical reactions within the primary active substance (3), the said plugging process being of the known type consisting in obstructing the opening (8) by forcing into the collar (9) by force (with lateral compression) a plug (1):  consisting of a porous material (10), elastic, having the  known property of stopping the flow of critical substance  secondary (6) beyond a certain secondary thickness  minimum stop (21),  and whose length (12) along its longitudinal axis (13) (in the  direction of the axis of the opening (8) and the collar (9)) is substantially  greater than both said minimum primary stop thickness  (11) and at said minimum secondary stop thickness (21), said process being characterized in that, in combination with the preceding arrangements, the recess is given a height (17) such that the difference between the length (12) of the plug (1) and the height (17) of the longitudinal recess (16) leaves a full thickness (18) of plug (1) greater than both:  the minimum primary stop thickness (11),  and at the minimum secondary stop thickness (21); so that, at constant length (12) of the plug (1): - the capacity of the plug (1) is increased to prevent the overall flow of primary active substance (3) from the primary medium (2) to the secondary medium ( 4), - while maintaining the capacity of the plug (1) to prevent the global flow of secondary critical substance (6) from the secondary medium (4) to the primary medium (2). 3. The closure method according to claim 1, for selective adjustment of the dialytic action of a stopper (1) placed between two media, of which: - a primary medium (2) comprising:  at least one primary active substance (3), - and a secondary medium (4) comprising:  at least one secondary useful substance (5) (in liquid form  (38) or carbonated),  and at least one secondary critical substance (6), the said sealing method being of the known type consisting in obstructing the opening (8) by forcing into the collar (9) by force (with lateral compression) a stopper (1) constituted of a porous, elastic material (10) having the known property:  to stop the flow of primary active substance (3) beyond a  certain minimum primary stop thickness (11),  and to stop the flow of secondary critical substance (6) beyond  of a certain minimum secondary stop thickness (21),  and for which the minimum primary stop thickness (11) is  less than the minimum secondary stop thickness (21), said process being characterized in that a specific height (17) is given to the recess such that the difference between the length (12) of the plug (1) and the height (17) of the longitudinal recess (16) leaves a full thickness (18) of plug (1) calibrated: - greater than the minimum primary stop thickness (11), - but slightly less than the minimum secondary stop thickness (21); so that a very low calibrated flow of secondary critical substance (6) is allowed to pass slowly through the plug (1) ensuring a desired slow reaction at controlled speed between: - the secondary critical substance (6) - and the primary active substance (3). 4. The closure method according to claim 1, which aims to increase the sealing capacity of a plug (1) placed between two media, including: - a primary medium (2) comprising:  at least one primary active substance (3), - and a secondary medium (4) comprising:  at least one secondary useful substance (5) (in liquid form  (38) or carbonated),  and possibly at least one secondary critical substance  (6) the concentration of which can vary over time, the said method being characterized in that: - a said preserving and generating device (22) of a low dose of secondary useful substance is inserted into the said longitudinal recess (16) 5), so: - that a substantially constant penetration over time of the secondary useful substance (5) is ensured in the heart and along the body of the stopper (1) and the stability of the presence of this useful substance is increased secondary (5) through the porous material (10) in the central recessed part (19) of the plug (1), - thereby, the effective contact pressure surface (20) of the plug is steadily increased (1) on the collar (9) and therefore the resistance of the plug (1) to the pressure and lateral flow of the primary active substance (3), - while keeping the waterproofing of the plug (1) substantially constant to the flow of primary active substance (3) through the plug (1), - and therefore we increases and stabilizes the capacity of the plug (1) to prevent the overall flow of primary active substance (3) from the primary medium (2) to the secondary medium (4). 5. Clogging method according to one of claims 1 to 4 above characterized in that one inserts into said longitudinal recess (16) an object (40) whose function is concomitant with the use of the primary active substance (3) when the plug (1) is opened (8). 6. Plug (1) intended to implement the plugging method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5 and intended to ensure sealing between two media including: - a primary medium (2) comprising:  at least one primary active substance (3), - and a secondary medium (4) comprising:  at least one secondary useful substance (5) (in liquid form  or gaseous),  and possibly at least one secondary critical substance  (6), - the two media being separated by an enclosure (7), pierced with an opening (8) surrounded by a collar (9) inside which said plug (1) is intended to be pressed in force, this plug (1) being of the known type: - of substantially cylindrical shape, - made of a porous material (10), elastic, having the known property of stopping the flow of primary active substance (3) beyond '' a certain minimum primary stop thickness (11), and having the known property that its elasticity is maintained over time and possibly improved and / or that its volume is increased by the presence in its porosities of a certain quantity of secondary useful substance (5), - and whose length (12) along its longitudinal axis (13) (in the direction of the axis of the opening (8) and the collar (9)) is substantially greater than said minimum primary stop thickness (11), said plug (1) being characterized in that, in combination aison with the previous arrangements, it is pierced substantially along its longitudinal axis (13), by a longitudinal recess (16) whose height (17) is less than the length (12) of the plug (1) so as not to open out . 7. Stopper (1) according to claim 6 for carrying out the stoppering method according to claim 4, said stopper (1) being characterized in that a preservative and generator device (22) of a low dose of secondary useful substance (5) is inserted into its said longitudinal recess (16). 8. Stopper (1) according to claim 7 preceding intended to implement the stoppering method according to claim 4, said stopper (1) being characterized in that in addition its preservative and generator device (22) of low dose of secondary useful substance (5) consists of a substantially cylindrical tube (23): - forced into the said longitudinal recess (16) of the plug (1), - provided with a closure (24) at the one of its outer end (25) located on the side of the outlet of the longitudinal recess (16) so as to be hermetic on this side, - provided with opening (s) (27) at the other inner end (28 ) located on the bottom side (29) of the recess, - and including inside, a reserve (30) of secondary useful substance (5) maintained by means of a retention device (31) such as a micro-sponge ( 32). 9. Stopper (1) according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 8 intended to implement the closure method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5 for sealing the neck (39) of a bottle (37) of liquid (38) (and in particular wine) and constituted in a known manner by: - a cylinder (33), - of dimension substantially equal to 24 mm (section (34)) x 44 mm (length (12)), - constituted cork (35) and / or agglomerated cork dust (36), said plug (1) being characterized in that it is pierced substantially along its longitudinal axis (13), by a longitudinal recess (16) whose height (17) is less than the length (12) of the plug (1) so as not to open. 10. Bottle (37), filled with liquid (38) (and in particular wine), intended to implement the method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, and characterized in that its neck (39) is closed by a plug (1) according to one of claims 6 to 9 above, made of porous material (10,35,36) and pierced with a longitudinal recess (16) not opening.