FR2750417A1 - Small scale biological treatment of winery effluents - Google Patents

Abstract

Winery effluents are subjected to a number of treatment stages in a single vessel (1). The vessel is divided into compartments (8-12) by dividing walls (4-7) with communicating passages (18-20, 28). In the first compartment (8) the effluent is oxidised by an oxygen supply. In the second (10) it is purified biologically by a bacterial colony acclimated to the organic material present in the effluent. The effluent is reoxygenated (11) then passed through an activated carbon filter (28).

Description

The invention relates to an effluent treatment reactor loaded with organic matter, in particular of wine origin, as well as an effluent treatment installation comprising such a reactor.

The term “all liquid effluents”, of domestic, agricultural or industrial origin, containing organic matter in suspension, and intended to be discharged or discharged. The term “wine-based effluents” is understood to mean in particular the water drained from presses, vats and other devices, this water being able to be charged, inter alia, with juice, must, lees or mud.

According to the prior art known to the applicant, there are installations for treating effluents using biological purification of the effluents by the digestive action of bacteria. This biological purification is often associated with chemical treatment.

Known installations generally consist of one or more concrete containers, of large volume corresponding to high effluent flow rates, and are complicated and costly to produce, due to the containers and volumes in series and the various supply systems. external required. Therefore, these facilities are not suitable for the treatment of small quantities or irregular quantities.

In addition, these installations are intended for industrial effluents in general, but are not suitable for effluents of wine origin, whose particularities are to be seasonal, and of a specific composition.

A first aim of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks, and to provide a reactor and an installation for treating effluents, in particular wine-making, which are of simple and inexpensive construction and use, in particular for low flow rates and / or irregular.

A second goal is to combine various effluent treatments in order to obtain increased efficiency.

A fourth object of the invention is to provide a reactor and a treatment installation suitable for wine effluents.

To this end, the effluent treatment reactor, in particular of wine origin, is characterized according to the invention by the fact that it comprises a succession of compartments connected in series by communication passages between an inlet passage and a exit passage, including
an initial oxidation compartment,
a biological purification compartment,
an additional oxidation compartment,
a filtration compartment,
At least one of the oxidation compartments being supplied with oxygen, so as to promote aerobic reactions of oxidation-reduction of the organic materials of the effluents, the biological purification compartment comprising a seeding with at least one bacterial strain adapted for digestion organic matter from the effluents, the filtration compartment comprising a filter, preferably an activated carbon filter.

The reactor also advantageously comprises a tranquilization compartment disposed between the initial oxidation compartment and the biological purification compartment.

Preferably, the oxidation compartments comprise means for supplying forced or pressurized air. The other compartments can be connected to the outside air by open passages without blowing means, so as in particular to favor the evacuation of gases during aerobic reactions.

The bacterial seeding is advantageously carried out on one or more supports of the biological purification compartment, so as to favor the development of the strains and their activity.

This support may consist of a succession of vertical textile sheets juxtaposed, so as to multiply the active surface.

The inlet passage in the biological purification compartment is then advantageously connected in the biological purification compartment to a device for distributing the effluents above the bacterial seeding supports, for example a longitudinal gutter.

Preferably, the first compartment has a deflector disposed under the inlet passage, so as to break the effluent inlet jet.

The filter is advantageously associated with a counter-current cleaning device, consisting of a washing water diffuser element downstream of the filter, connected by a conduit to a water supply, and a washing water collecting element in upstream of the filter.

Preferably, the compartments are aligned in a cylindrical tank, being separated by walls in which the passages are provided.

The invention also relates to a treatment installation, comprising a reactor as specified above, as well as a preliminary filtration device comprising for example a screen, one or more sieves and a pre-sedimentation tank, which is arranged in upstream of the reactor inlet so as to remove solid or indigestible matter from the effluents.

As an option, the installation may further comprise a buffer tank equipped with a flow meter, disposed upstream of the inlet to the reactor, so as to regulate the flow of effluent into the reactor.

This buffer tank can be a methanisation reactor, so as to operate a preliminary digestion of the effluents.

The installation may further comprise a settling tank interposed between the preliminary filtration device and the buffer tank, this settling tank being divided by an internal wall comprising a passage in a settling compartment connected to the outlet of the preliminary filtration device and a pumping compartment, in which a lifting pump is arranged.

In this case, when a filter cleaning device is provided, the washing water collecting element can be connected by a conduit to the settling compartment of the settling tank.

 There may also be provided a pH control device, comprising a probe between the buffer tank and the reactor, which is connected to a pH metering pump disposed between the decantation tank and the buffer tank.

The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of an embodiment carried out with reference to the appended drawings, in which Ia FIG. 1 is a schematic view in vertical section in the longitudinal plane of a treatment installation. effluents comprising a reactor according to the invention Ia Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 in a first embodiment
Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 in a second embodiment.

FIG. 1 presents a schematic view in vertical section in the longitudinal plane of a wine effluent treatment installation according to the invention, comprising a reactor 1 in the form of a cylindrical tank of horizontal axis. The reactor 1 has an inlet 2 at one of its ends and an outlet 3 at the other end. The inlet and outlet are located in the upper part of the reactor 1. The inlet 2 is intended to be connected to an inlet for liquid effluents. loaded with organic matter. The outlet 3 is intended to be connected to a network for dispersing the effluents treated in the reactor 1, or makes it possible to directly discharge the treated effluents into the external environment.

The reactor 1 is divided longitudinally by successive walls 4 to 7 respectively into five compartments 8 to 12 aligned and connected in series with one another. In order, from entry 2, it is an initial oxidation compartment 8, a stilling compartment 9, a biological purification compartment 10, a compartment d additional oxidation 1 1 and a filtration compartment 1 2.

A deflector 1 3 is disposed in the first compartment below the inlet 2, so as to break the jet of effluents entering the reactor 1. The deflector 1 3 is located for example at mid-height in the reactor 1.

The oxidation compartment 8 comprises an air diffuser element 1 4 connected to a supply duct 15, itself connected to an oxygenation booster 1 6 disposed outside the reactor. The oxygenation booster supplies compressed air or forced air.

The wall 4 between the oxygenation compartment 8 and the stilling compartment 9 is inclined towards the outlet and downwards. It has a passage 1 7 at the base and a passage 18 at the top.

The wall 5 between the stilling compartment 9 and the biological purification compartment 10 and the wall 6 between the latter and the sedimentation compartment 1 1 are substantially vertical. They each have at least one passage respectively 1 9, 20 at the top.

The passage 1 9 is connected in the biological purification compartment 10 to a longitudinal distribution gutter 21. Below this gutter 21 is disposed a support 22 for bacterial sowing, which is constituted by a set of longitudinal rods 23 arranged horizontally between the walls 5 and 6, to which are suspended a succession of 24 vertical textile sheets juxtaposed. This support 22 has the function of ensuring the formation and conservation of a seed of bacterial culture.

The function of the distribution gutter 21 is to homogenize the effluents and to ensure their distribution over the entire surface of the bacterial inoculation.

In the additional oxidation compartment 1 1 are arranged two elements 25, 26 for diffusing compressed air or forced air, which are connected to the supply duct 1 5 in the initial oxidation compartment 9 by a duct connection 27.

The wall 7 between the complementary oxidation 1 1 and filtration 1 2 compartments is inclined towards the outlet and downwards.

It has at least one passage 28 at the top.

The filtration compartment 1 3 comprises an activated carbon filter 29. This filter 29 is generally cylindrical in shape with a vertical axis, its lower face acting as an inlet and its upper face as an outlet. This upper face is connected to the outlet 3 via a conduit 30.

 It is further provided from a drain orifice 31 at the top of the reactor 1 a network 32 of drain pipes opening near the bottom of at least part of the compartments 8 to 1 2 of the reactor 1.

The reactor 1 comprises manholes 33, 34, 35 which are arranged respectively at the top of the reactor, above the oxygenation 8, biological purification 10 and clarification 1 2 compartment. The first manhole 33 makes it possible in particular to monitor the inlet 2 and the initial oxidation compartment. The second sight 34 allows in particular the monitoring and the possible replacement of the culture medium 25. The third sight 35 allows in particular the control, the cleaning and the replacement of the filter 28.

Upstream of the inlet 2 of the reactor 1 is provided a preliminary filtration device 36, comprising a screen 37, a set 38 of three removable screens, and a pre-sedimentation tank 39. A lifting pump 40 makes it possible to supply the reactor 1 by means of a pipe 41. This preliminary filtration device 36 makes it possible to fluidize the effluents entering the reactor 1, the solid materials and of large volume being retained or deposited.

The operation of the installation is as follows.

The effluents which enter the installation first undergo purification by sieving and pre-sedimentation in the preliminary filtration device 36, so as to retain the solid materials and the non-digestible elements.

The effluents are then introduced into the reactor 1 by means of the pump 40, and penetrate via the inlet 2 into the first compartment 8 while being absorbed by the deflector 1 3. They undergo an oxidation start in the oxidation compartment initial 8, which is favored by the supply of pulsed or supercharged air via the diffusing elements 1 4. This oxidation continues in the stilling compartment 9.

The effluents then enter the biological purification compartment 10, in which the organic matter in suspension is degraded and digested by the bacteria distributed on the support 22. The conformation and the arrangement of the support 22 over a large part of the volume of the compartment d biological purification 10 below the distribution gutter 21 makes it possible to obtain a very large active surface between the bacterial seeding of the support 25 and the effluents, so that the bacterial action is rapid and effective.

The effluents then pass into the complementary oxidation compartment 11, in which the oxidation reactions initiated in the preceding compartments 8 to 10 continue, being favored in particular by the supply of pulsed or pressurized air via the extension 27 and diffusing elements 25, 26.

Finally, the effluents pass through the filtration compartment 11, in which they pass through the active carbon filter 29, then leave the reactor through the outlet 3. The effluents are then practically free of any organic impurity, and can be discharged into the outdoor environment safe for the environment.

According to an alternative embodiment which is shown in FIG. 2, a buffer tank 42 equipped with an outlet flow meter 43 is interposed between the preliminary filtration device 36 and the reactor 1 in the installation of FIG. has kept the same references for elements similar to those in FIG. 1.

The buffer tank 42 makes it possible to regulate the effluent inlet flow rate to be treated in the reactor 1. Optionally, the buffer tank 42 can be a methanization tank, the biogas then being stored and used for example as an energy source domesticated.

According to another alternative embodiment which is shown in FIG. 3, a settling tank 43 is also interposed between the preliminary filtration device 36 and the buffer tank 42 in the installation of FIG. 2. The same references have been kept for elements similar to those in Figure 2.

This settling tank 43 is divided by an internal wall 44 comprising a passage 45 into a settling compartment 46 connected to the outlet of the preliminary filtration device 36 and a pumping compartment 47, in which a double lifting pump 48 is arranged.

 In this variant, there is also provided a device for cleaning the activated carbon filter 29 of the reactor 1, constituted by an element 49 which diffuses washing water downstream of the activated carbon filter 29, connected by a conduit 50 to a supply. in water, and a washing water collector element 51 upstream of the filter, connected by a conduit 52 to the settling compartment 46 of the settling tank 43.

Note that in order to accommodate the filter cleaning device 29, the inlet of the activated carbon filter 29 is at the upper end, and its outlet at the lower end.

Furthermore, the first wall 4 is eliminated, so that the reactor does not include a stilling compartment 9, but that the initial oxidation compartment 8 is directly connected to the biological purification compartment 10 by the passage 1 9 from wall 5.

Finally, the installation of FIG. 3 comprises a pH control device, comprising a probe 53 between the buffer tank 42 and the reactor 1, which is connected to a pH dosing pump 54 placed between the settling tank 46 and the buffer tank 42.

Claims (11)

1. Reactor for treating effluents, in particular of wine origin, characterized in that it comprises between an inlet passage (2) and an outlet passage (3) a succession of compartments (8 to 12) connected in series by communication passages (18, 19, 20, 28), comprising an initial oxidation compartment (8),  a biological purification compartment (10),  a complementary oxidation compartment (11), a filtration compartment (12), the oxidation compartments (8, 11) being supplied with oxygen, the biological purification compartment (10) comprising inoculation with at least one strain bacterial suitable for the digestion of organic matter from effluents, the filtration compartment (12) comprising a filter (28), preferably an active carbon filter. 2. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that a stilling compartment (9) is arranged between the preliminary oxidation compartment (8) and the biological purification compartment (10). 3. Reactor according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidation compartments (8, 11) comprise means (14 to 16) for supplying forced or pressurized air. 4. Reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bacterial seeding (25) is carried out on one or more supports (22) of the compartment (10) for biological purification. 5. Reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the support (22) is in the form of a succession of plies (24) juxtaposed vertical textiles. 6. Reactor according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the passage (19) for entry into the biological purification compartment (10) is connected to a device (21) for distributing the effluents to the above the supports (22) for bacterial sowing, for example a longitudinal gutter. 7. Reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first (8) compartment includes a deflector (13) disposed under the inlet passage (2), so as to break the jet of effluent inlet. 8. Reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the filter (29) is associated with a counter-current cleaning device, constituted by a diffuser element (49) of washing water in downstream of the filter, connected by a conduit (50) to a water supply, and a collecting element (51) of washing water upstream of the filter (29). 9. Reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the compartments (8 to 12) are aligned in a cylindrical tank, being separated by walls (4 to 7) in which the passages (18 , 19, 20, 21) are spared.  1 0. Installation for treating effluents, in particular of wine origin, characterized in that it comprises a reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, as well as a device (36) for preliminary filtration, arranged in upstream of the inlet (2) of the reactor (1), comprising for example a screen (37), one or more screens (38) and a pre-sedimentation tank (39). 11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a buffer tank (42) equipped with a flow meter (43) disposed upstream of the inlet (2) of the reactor (1).  1 2. Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the buffer tank (42) is a methanization reactor.  1 3. Installation according to any one of claims 10 or 12, characterized in that a settling tank (43) is interposed between the preliminary filtration device (36) and the buffer tank (42), this tank decantation (43) being divided by an internal wall (44) having a passage (45) into a decantation compartment (46) connected to the outlet of the preliminary filtration device (36) and a pumping compartment (47), in which a lifting pump (48) is arranged. 14. installation according to any one of claims 1 1 to 13, comprising a reactor (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that in the filter cleaning device (29), the collector element (51) d washing water upstream of the filter is connected by a conduit (52) to the settling compartment (46) of the settling tank (43).  1 5. installation according to any one of claims 1 3 or 14, characterized in that a pH control device, comprising a probe (53) between the buffer tank (42) and the reactor 1, which is connected a pH dosing pump (54) disposed between the settling tank (46) and the buffer tank (42)