FR2747656A1 - WASTE COLLECTION BUCKET AND MEANS OF TRANSPORT COMPRISING SUCH A BUCKET - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a skip (5) for collecting waste (8) provided with a box (6) and a door (7) bounded by two side walls (9, 10) and including a hopper bottom (13 ) concave and continuous opens onto an opening (15) for loading the waste (8), said door (7) comprising a member (16) set in motion by drive means (17, 18) so that said member (16) is movable in said door (7) according to a kinematic path (GAMMA) given for docking, bringing and compacting the waste (8) in the box (6), as well as a means of transport provided with such a bucket (5). According to the invention, said member (16) is formed of a plate and the tangent to the kinematic path (GAMMA) varies continuously all along the hopper bottom (13) from a first position (A) called d ' berthing of waste (8). The invention applies, in particular, to means of road transport.

Description

WASTE COLLECTION BUCKET

  AND MEANS OF TRANSPORT COMPRISING SUCH A DUMP

  The invention relates to the general field of waste collection and transport. It relates in particular, on the one hand, to a household refuse bin for the collection and transport of household waste, bulky waste and recyclable waste, the loading of which is carried out either by container or by hand, and, on the other hand, a means of transport

comprising such a bucket.

  Skips of the state of the art comprise a chassis with a cabin on which equipment is mounted. The equipment consists of two parts

  main: a box and a loading door.

  The box is the part of the equipment in which the collected waste is stored and

compacted.

  The door is the rear part of the equipment which is hinged to the box and which can be opened to discharge the waste stored in it. It is limited by two side walls and has, in its lower part, a hopper into which the waste is loaded. A hopper bottom, normally concave,

  leads to a waste loading opening.

  A compacting mechanism located in the door, which includes moving parts in cyclic movement, allows the waste to be conveyed to an entrance to the box

  and compacting said waste in said box.

  In the past, known compaction mechanisms have consisted of combs. However, the teeth of the combs shred the waste. Also, a subsequent sorting of the shredded waste is particularly long and delicate. For example, glass or plastic bottles introduced into a hopper are broken and the subsequent sorting of the different pieces of glass or plastic, distributed throughout the waste, is complex. Likewise, bulky waste such as household appliances is very often pierced by the teeth of a comb, which sometimes blocks the movements of said comb in the hopper, thus causing deformations of structures that are difficult to repair. Therefore, it is preferred to use so-called plate compacting systems, that is to say without teeth. These systems, which generally comprise two or three plates connected in combined, linear or curved, sequential or oscillating motion facing a fixed hopper, are called upon to compact the waste located in the hopper. However, the forces exerted by a plate descending towards the hopper are considerable, not only in a first crushing zone of the waste located at the entrance to the hopper and in opposition to the movement of descent of a plate, but also, the along the hopper bottom where a change in trajectory is encountered. These systems are therefore at the origin of an early wear of rails and the articulations which support the course of the plates, and of the bottom of the

hopper.

  In view of the foregoing, a problem which the invention proposes to solve is to produce, at a lower cost, a waste collection bucket which allows the docking, supply and compacting of waste while avoiding early wear. hopper bottom. To this end, the solution of the invention relates to a waste collection bucket provided with a box and a door bounded by two side walls and of which a concave and continuous hopper bottom opens onto a loading opening for waste, said door comprising a member set in motion by drive means so that said member is movable in said door according to a kinematic path given for docking, bringing and compacting of waste in the box, characterized in that: - said member is formed of a plate; and in that - the tangent to the kinematic path varies continuously along the hopper bottom from

  a first position known as docking of waste.

  Furthermore, the subject of the invention is a means of

transport of such a bucket.

  The description which follows, and which does not include

  not limiting in nature, will allow a better understanding of how the invention can be implemented

in practice.

  It should be read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 shows, in side view, a vehicle according to the invention; - Figure 2 shows, seen from the rear, a vehicle according to the invention; - Figure 3 shows, in side view, the plate of a bucket according to the invention in a so-called waste docking position; - Figure 4 shows, in side view, the plate of a bucket according to the invention in a position called compacting waste; - Figure 5 shows, in side view, the plate of a bucket according to the invention in a position called

end of cycle.

  In Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a means of transport 1 according to the invention. This means of transport 1 is a truck which comprises in the front part a cockpit 2 and a chassis 3 provided with wheels 4, on which chassis 3 rests a bucket 5. The bucket 5 is composed in particular of a box 6 and a hinged loading door 7 for waste 8

audit box 6.

  The door 7 is placed in the rear part of the truck 1. It is delimited by two side walls 9, 10, at least one partition 11 for separating the box 6, a ceiling 12 and a hopper bottom 13. The side walls 9, 10 are substantially vertical, the ceiling 12 is usually flat and the hopper bottom 13 is concave, continuous and its profile does not show an angle. A rear edge 14 of the bottom 13 is raised almost vertically and opens onto a

  waste loading opening 15 8.

  Advantageously, the profile of the raised edge 14 forms an arc of a circle of radius of curvature R, the profile of the part of the bottom 13 adjacent to the edge 14 forms an arc of a circle of radius of curvature R 'and the profile of the part of the bottom 13 in continuity with the aforementioned part is substantially rectilinear. In one example, R is of the order of 500 mm and R ′, which is substantially greater than R, is of the order of 1000 mm, that is to say approximately twice. The arc of a circle representative of the raised edge 14 corresponds approximately to a quarter of a circle. Also, since this rim 14 is raised practically vertically, an extreme part of this rim 14 is practically horizontal and at the point

the bottom of the bottom 13.

  In the invention, a movable member 16 of the door 7 is set in motion by drive means 17

according to a given kinematics.

  The member 16 consists of a plate, for example metallic, unique and integral with a horizontal cylindrical tube 19, each of the two ends of which is held, on the one hand, by an upright 20 articulated on a head 21 of a stabilizing rod 22, one foot 23 of which is fixed mobile in rotation along an axis R1 in the upper part of the side wall 9 or 10, and, on the other hand, by a head 24 of a crank 25. An anti-torsion bar not shown in the figures can advantageously be placed along the axis R1 so as to ensure complete connection of the feet 23 of the connecting rods

stabilization 22.

  The drive means 17 consist of hydraulic cylinders arranged on either side of the movable member 16. A single cylinder is shown in Figures 3 to 5. However, the bucket 5 of the invention will advantageously include two and only two. The body 26 of each cylinder 17 is fixed movable in rotation along an axis R2 in the upper part of the side wall 9, which corresponds to it. The rod 27 of each jack 17 is surmounted by a head 28 integral with a driving rod 18 and the foot 29 of the crank 25. The translational movements of the rod 27 in the body 26 of jack 17 are at the origin of the rotational movement of the head 28 of the jack 17 along a circle Cl of center O. It will be noted that the position of the heads 28

  of the two jacks 17 can be offset on the circle Cl.

  The rotational movement of the head 28 is however transferred in both cases, via the crank 25, to the tube 19. The latter therefore has a rotational movement along a circle C2 with center O. L intersection between the axis of the tube 19 and the circle C2 is denoted M. The angle a is the angle formed between

the horizontal and the right OM.

  The plate 16 is driven by the tube 19. The kinematic path r of the lower end of the plate 16 within the door 7, that is to say the curve described by said end, is a function, in particular, of the diameter of the circle C2, the height of said plate 16 and that of the uprights 20, the position of the axis

  R1 and the length of the connecting rod 22.

  In FIG. 3, the substantially vertical plate 16 has been shown in a so-called waste docking position 8, in which the end of said plate 16 is marked by a point A on the

  plot r. The tangent to the trace r at A is denoted T (A).

  In this position, the angle a is zero and the point A constitutes an extreme point of the line r carried near the opening 15, practically at the level of the upper end of the raised edge 14 of the hopper bottom 13. At the point A, the angle 6 made by the raised edge 14 with the tangent T (A) is an acute angle, less than about 10, and advantageously the smallest possible, or even zero (P = 0). The tangent T (A)

is therefore substantially vertical.

  On the other hand, in Figure 4, the plate 16 has been shown in a so-called compacting position, in which the end of said plate is identified by a point X on the trace r. The tangent to the trace r in X is noted T (X). In this position, the angle a is between approximately 0 and 150 and the point X constitutes a point on the line r located immediately above the hopper bottom 13. For any point X located on the line r, the tangent T ( X) said point is unique, that is to say that there is no point X on the line r forming the vertex of an angle or a cusp point and for which there would be a half left tangent different from a right half-tangent. Thus, the tangent to the kinematic path r varies continuously and regularly all along the hopper bottom 13. Furthermore, at point X, the angle P formed by the profile of the hopper bottom 13 and the tangent T (X) is a acute angle, less than about 10, close to 0 all along the bottom 13, but

advantageously not zero.

  Finally, in FIG. 5, the plate 16 has been shown in a so-called end-of-cycle position, in which the end of the plate 16 is identified by a point B on the trace r. In this position, the angle a is

around 230.

  In practice, the kinematic line r follows the hopper bottom 13. It substantially forms an oval. This oval is described in cycles always going in the same direction. We count, in an example, 2 to 4

cycles / min.

  During a cycle, the waste 8 is emptied into the hopper through the loading opening 15, in particular from a container tilted in said hopper at

  by means of a rocker placed at the rear of the door 7.

  This emptying or loading operation is carried out as soon as the docking position is left and then, whatever the position of the plate 16 in the hopper 7 on the phases of feeding and compacting the waste 8 in the box 6. Indeed, the waste 8 can be loaded over the transverse tube 19 or between this tube 19 and the flange 14

according to Figure 4 for example.

  Once loaded, the waste 8 rests on the bottom 13 of the hopper 7 as shown in

Figures 3 and 5.

  The path AB of the lower end of the plate 16 corresponds to a double phase of supply and

compacting of loaded waste 8.

  At A, the plate 16 comes to dock the waste 8.

  The advantageously zero angle 6 is then said to be sliding.

  Thus, the waste 8 is not crushed on the hopper bottom 13, but only pushed back into the part

  bottom of the concave section of said bottom 13.

  Between A and X, the end of the plate 16 follows the concave profile of the hopper bottom 13 and the angle 6 is close to O0. However, said angle f increases slightly from A to X. In an example, P goes from a value of 0 in A to a value of 10 in X when X tends towards the end of the bottom located near the partition 11 of the box 6. In other words, the kinematic line r from the end of the plate 16 to the hopper bottom 13 is formed by a curve which moves away from said bottom 13. The kinematics of the plate 16 in the door 7 is so-called clearing along the hopper bottom 13. Also, between A and X, after the docking phase, the waste 8 is pushed back along the hopper bottom 13 without being crushed against said bottom 13. Therefore , the wear on the hopper bottom 13 is limited. In addition, the noise level generated within the door 7 during the double phase of feeding and compacting the waste 8

is significantly reduced.

  It will be noted that the angular offset between the point M and the heads 28 of the jacks 17 is advantageously of the order of 180. Thus, the thrust of the cylinders 17 is

  maximum during the compaction phase of waste 8.

  In B the plate has taken up a high position. This is the so-called waiting phase during which, in

  practical, loading waste.

  The path BA corresponds to a replacement of the plate 16 with a view to docking the waste 8 in position A. Part of this path can be performed by manual control, for reasons of

  security, in the case of an open collection, i.e.

  say unprotected on the back of door 7.

  In one example, for a hopper 1m 87 wide, the plate 16 has a length of 1m 63 and a height of 63cm so that a slight clearance is preserved between the lateral edges of the plate and the

  side walls 9, 10 of door 7.

  As described above, the 7-door grab bucket 16 of the invention appears to be of a very simple design. Therefore, operating costs and

  maintenance of such a bucket 5 are low.

  It is understood that the bucket 5 of the invention can be placed fixed at a given location or carried mobile by any means of transport other than a truck 1. It is understood, moreover, that the type described above of the bucket 5 is in no way limiting and that, in particular, skips 5 of the type known as front loading remain within the scope of the invention with some adaptations within the reach of man

of career.

Claims (9)

  1. skip (5) for collecting waste (8) provided with a box (6) and a door (7) limited by two side walls (9, 10) and including a hopper bottom (13) concave and continuous leads to an opening (15) for loading waste (8), said door (7) comprising a member (16) set in motion by drive means (17, 18) so that said member (16 ) is movable in said door (7) according to a kinematic path (r) given for docking, supplying and compacting of waste (8) in the box (6), characterized in that: - said member (16 ) is made of a plate; and in that - the tangent to the kinematic path (r) varies continuously all along the hopper bottom (13) from a first position (A) called docking of waste (8).   2. bucket (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable member (16) is formed of a plate unique.   3. bucket (5) according to one of claims 1 or 2,   characterized in that the first position (A) known as docking of the waste (8) is transferred near the opening (15) for loading the waste (8), practically at the level of a raised edge (14) of the background hopper (13).   4. Skip (5) according to one of claims   previous, characterized in that in the first position (A) called waste docking (8), an angle (e), made by the raised edge (14) with the tangent (T (A)) to the trace (r ) in position (A) called   waste docking (8) is a sliding angle.   5. grab (5) according to claim 4, characterized in that the angle (P) is zero.   6. Skip (5) according to one of claims   previous, characterized in that the kinematic path (r) described by the end of the organ mobile (16) is substantially oval.   7. Skip (5) according to one of claims   previous, characterized in that the kinematics of the movable member (16) is released along the bottom of hopper (13).   8. Tipper (5) according to one of claims   previous, characterized in that the drive means (17) of the movable member (16) consist of only two cylinders which are arranged   on either side of the movable member (16).   9. Means of transport (1) fitted with a bucket (5)   according to one of the preceding claims.