FR2739614A1 - DEVICE FOR OBTAINING FRESH WATER FROM NON-CONSUMABLE WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a water condensation device for obtaining fresh water from sea water, brackish water or bacteriologically unsuitable water, characterized in that it comprises means for evaporating the water. water to be treated, means for cooling the water vapor formed by said means of evaporation and means for condensing said water vapor cooled by mixing with fresh water. The condensation means preferably comprise at least one recovery basin (T) containing fresh water and means for supplying cooled water vapor in contact with the fresh water contained in this basin. The means for supplying the cooled water vapor include at least one recovery sheath (W) having at least one part immersed in the fresh water of said recovery basin (T) and pierced with holes (X) allowing the cooled water vapor to escape from said sheath (W) in the form of bubbles of cooled water vapor and to condense on contact with fresh water from the basin (W).

Description

Water condensation device. (C c .. /.5) The field of the invention

  is that of the devices used for the treatment of

  water, especially with a view to making them drinkable.

  Some regions of the world do not have sufficient natural resources of fresh water to meet food, humanitarian, domestic and agricultural needs

or industrial.

  The current means of producing fresh water by desalination of sea water are complex and expensive (reverse osmosis, filtering, kettle for navigation ...). Their production costs do not allow for large-scale exploitation. In addition, the maintenance and upkeep of current systems does not allow production to

the scale of current needs.

  The objective of the invention is to propose a device making it possible to respond to these various problems and in particular making it possible to simplify the desalination of seawater. This objective is achieved thanks to the invention which relates to a device for condensing water for obtaining fresh water from sea water, brackish water or bacteriologically unsuitable water characterized in that it comprises means for evaporating the water to be treated, means for cooling the water vapor formed by said means of evaporation and means of condensing said vapor

  of water cooled by mixing with fresh water.

  Preferably, said condensing means consist of at least one oven comprising at least one evaporation plate provided with heating means on which the water to be treated is sprayed in a substantially uniform manner thanks to

spraying means.

  Also preferably, said oven comprises means for cleaning said plate by spraying pressurized washing water onto said evaporation plate. According to an advantageous variant of the invention, said evaporation plate is inclined and provided with at least one gutter so as to allow the recovery of water

not evaporated in a receptacle.

  Also according to a variant of the invention, the water vapor produced by said means of evaporation is evacuated towards said means of cooling thanks to

means of ventilation.

  Preferably, said cooling means include at least one cooling circuit and means for injecting air into said cooling circuit. Also preferably, said condensation means comprise at least one recovery basin containing fresh water and means for supplying water vapor cooled by said cooling means in contact with fresh water.

  contained in said recovery basin.

  Advantageously, said means for supplying cooled water vapor include at least one recovery sheath having at least one part immersed in the fresh water of said recovery basin pierced with holes, said holes allowing the cooled water vapor to escape from said sheath in the form of bubbles and to condense on

contact with fresh water in the basin.

  Also advantageously, said recovery basin is provided with at least one retarding net intended to slow the progression of the bubbles of water vapor.

  from said recovery sheath to the surface of said recovery basin.

  Preferably, said basin includes at least one aerator allowing to evacuate

  the air which was contained in said water vapor bubbles and at least one overflow.

  The invention and the various advantages it presents will be more

  easily understood thanks to the description which follows in a non-limiting manner of

  embodiment with reference to the single figure which represents a view of a device for

condensation according to the invention.

  With reference to this figure, the device comprises a pumping system for the water to be desalinated or to be purified. A pump (A) supplies water to the evaporation system, as well as the cleaning device. The water to be purified can be preheated in order to accelerate its evaporation on the evaporation plate. For that she can meander

  under the heat production system (D), placed under the evaporation plate (V).

  The device also includes a cleaning system consisting of two parts. The first part is a high pressure water compressor (B), the second

  part is composed of cleaning nozzles (J).

  The high pressure compressor (B) uses water from the above mentioned water pump (A) for cleaning the evaporation surface (C). The cleaning water is compressed in the high pressure compressor (B) to then be conveyed to the cleaning nozzles (J). The cleaning nozzles (J) are placed above the evaporation plate (C). The nozzles (J) spray water onto the evaporation surface (C). The impurities which are deposited on the evaporation surface (C) during evaporation are carried away by high pressure water coming from the cleaning jets (J) and descend thanks to the inclination of the evaporation surface towards the recovery gutter (F). The

  evaporation surface (C) is thus regularly rid of these impurities.

  The device also includes a high temperature evaporation system called

  evaporation plate (V). This consists of two parts.

  The first part is the evaporation surface (C). The water to be evaporated is sprayed uniformly in fine droplets on this surface (C), by the evaporation nozzles (H). They are brought to high temperature by a heat source (D) placed below. In contact with the high-temperature heated evaporation surface (C), the water in

  purify evaporates and separates from its impurities and the microbes it contains.

  The second part of the evaporation plate (V) is characterized by a gutter-shaped recovery receptacle, called an evacuation gutter (F). Its function is to recover and evacuate the evaporation water which would not have evaporated on contact with the evaporation surface (C). The evacuation gutter (F) also has the function of recovering and evacuating the cleaning water laden with evaporation impurities. The evaporation surface (C) and the evacuation gutter (F) are formed in a single block and constitute the evaporation plate (V). I1 are made of a non-adherent, non-corrosive material, and perfectly dispensing the heat. The materials used

  may be ceramic, glass ceramic, high-strength glass, etc.

  The device also includes evaporation nozzles (H).

  They are placed above the evaporation surface (C) mentioned above. The evaporation nozzles (H) are supplied with water by the water pump (A). The evaporation nozzles (H) spread the water to be evaporated uniformly in fine droplets on the evaporation surface (C). In contact with the evaporation surface (C) raised to high

  temperature, the water droplets evaporate instantly.

  The device also includes an evacuation receptacle (G). The evaporation plate (V) is slightly inclined in the direction of the receptacle

evacuation (G).

  The end of the drain gutter (F) is placed above the drain receptacle (G). The non-evaporated residual water from the evaporation surface (C) as well as the cleaning water laden with impurities flow into the recovery gutter (F) thanks to the inclination of the evaporation surface (C) . The residual water collected in the evacuation gutter (F) then flows into the evacuation receptacle

  (G) thanks to the inclination of the evaporation plate (V).

  The device also includes a high temperature heat production system (D). It is placed under the evaporation surface (C). The heat production system (D) can be characterized by electrical resistors, halogen tubes, or any other means of producing heat at high electrical temperature, since electrical energy is simple to manage. Gas or solar energy can also be used. The heat production system (D) is set up to bring the evaporation surface (C) to high temperature, to allow the ultra-rapid evaporation of the droplets

  of water from the evaporation nozzles (H).

  Aerators (E) fitted with air filters are placed on the wall of the evaporation oven (I), above the recovery gutter (F). They let in

  the outside air filtered in the enclosure of the evaporation oven (I).

  The device also includes a suction group placed in the roof of the evaporation oven and called exhaust ventilation (K), which sucks the purified water vapor resulting from the evaporation and propels this water vapor into the circuit. cooling (U). This cooling circuit (U) is constituted by a duct in which the water vapor coming from the exhaust ventilation (K) circulates. The water vapor advances in the cooling circuit (U) and is mixed during its circulation with air

  outside coming from the air injectors (M).

  Inside the cooling circuit (K), the water vapor and the injected outside air mix, the water vapor cools, and reaches a temperature conducive to condensation.

  The device also includes air injectors (M).

  A suction unit (N) supplies outside air to the air injectors (M) placed on the

  cooling circuit (K). The suction unit (N) is placed outside the device.

  It is equipped with an air filter. The outside air at room temperature is sucked in and filtered by the suction unit (N). The filtered outside air supplies the air injectors (M), which inject this air at outside temperature into the cooling circuit (K). The air injectors (M) are arranged in several places on the path of water vapor circulation in the cooling circuit (K). The water vapor then mixes as it travels in the cooling circuit (K) with the filtered outside air.

  injected by the air injectors (M).

  It then creates between the water vapor and the air injected a thermal shock. This thermal shock causes a calorific loss of water vapor. The heat loss of water vapor, generated by the successive thermal shocks of each air injector (M), allows, at the end of the cooling circuit (K), to recover water vapor

  cooled to a temperature conducive to condensation.

  According to one of its characteristics, the device also includes a

  recovery of cooled water vapor. It consists of two parts.

  The first part is a suction pump or a suction group that can suck air and water and called recovery pump (L). It is placed at the outlet of the cooling circuit (K) and obstructs the inlet of the recovery duct (Q). The pump

  recovery (L) sucks the cooled water vapor coming from the cooling circuit (K).

  The second part of the recovery system is made up of two parts (Q) and (P) called recovery sheath (W). The first part (Q) is blocked at the top by the recovery pump (L) and its lower part is immersed in the recovery basin. This first part (Q) is used to collect the cooled water vapor coming from the recovery pump (L). The second part (P) is completely submerged and placed flat at the bottom of the recovery tank (T). The ceiling of this second part (P) of the recovery sheath (W) is pierced with numerous small drainage holes (X), allowing bubbles of steam to escape into the water of the basin. recovery (T). The cooled water vapor sucked in by the recovery pump (L) is collected in the recovery sheath (W). Water vapor collects in the upper part (Q) of the recovery sheath (W) which it fills as it goes. The cooled water vapor mixes with the fresh water from the submerged part (Q) of the recovery sheath (W) and then becomes bubbles of water vapor. These then arrive in the lower part (P) of the recovery sheath (W) placed flat at the bottom of the recovery tank (T). The water vapor bubbles then escape from the recovery sheath (Q) through the small evacuation holes (X) and

  go up towards the surface of the fresh water of the recovery basin (T).

  The device finally comprises a reservoir containing fresh water. This freshwater tank is called the recovery basin (T). It allows the fresh water contained in the steam bubbles to be recovered by mixing with the fresh water from the

recovery (T).

  The bubbles of water vapor from the drainage holes (X) rise to the surface of the water in the recovery basin (T). In their ascent towards the surface of the fresh water of the basin (T), the bubbles are slowed down by padded nets with very fine meshes called slowing nets (S). They serve to slow down the bubbles of vapor in their ascent towards the surface of the recovery basin (T). This gives the steam more time to condense inside the bubbles. The air and water contained in the water vapor of the bubbles separate. The fresh water contained in the water vapor

  deposits bubbles on the interior walls.

  The air in the water vapor collects in the upper part of the bubbles. Arrivals

  on the surface of the recovery tank water (T), air and fresh water bubbles burst.

  The air escapes and rises towards the ceiling (Y) of the recovery basin (T) where it is evacuated by aerators (R). The fresh water from the condensation of the vapor bubbles is released and mixes with the fresh water from the recovery tank (T). The fresh water from the recovery basin (T) is then discharged through an overflow (O) located above the

  level of the deceleration nets (S).

  The device according to the invention is particularly intended for making water

  fresh from seawater, brackish or bacteriologically unsuitable.

  The major part of the current systems of production of fresh water by desalination of sea water like the reverse osmosis or the systems by filtration aim at separating the salt from the fresh water during the use of the sea water. in the liquid state. But the separation of

  solutes like salt in seawater is complex, expensive and slow.

  Separating salt from water by evaporation at high temperature is simpler and faster, but current systems of recovery or condensation on artificially cooled walls do not allow production and costs on a scale of need. The principle of condensation and recovery by mixing with fresh water simplifies the desalination of sea water. The high temperature used for evaporation allows significant yields. It makes it possible to envisage productions on a scale of needs. Only electrical energy is required, which greatly reduces production costs. The amount of fresh water obtained by this system, depends only on the size of the

  evaporation plate, the speed of evaporation of the water to be purified.

  The simplicity of manufacture and use of the device according to the invention

  allow to consider an upkeep and maintenance of negligible costs.

  The embodiment described here is not intended to reduce the scope of the invention. Many modifications can therefore be made to it without departing from the

part of it.

Claims (10)

  1. A water condensation device for obtaining fresh water from sea water, brackish water or bacteriologically unsuitable water, characterized in that it comprises means for evaporating the water to treating, means for cooling the water vapor formed by said means of evaporation and means for   condensation of said cooled water vapor by mixing with fresh water.   2. Device according to claim I characterized in that said means of evaporation consist of at least one oven (I) comprising at least one evaporation plate (V) provided with heating means (D) on which the water to be treated is   sprayed in a substantially uniform manner by means of spraying means (H).   3. Device according to claim 2 characterized in that said oven (I) comprises means for cleaning (J) of said plate by spraying washing water under pressure on said evaporation plate (V) 4. Device according to claim 2 or 3 characterized in that said evaporation plate (V) is inclined and provided with at least one gutter (F) so as to   allow the recovery of non-evaporated water in a receptacle (G).   5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the water vapor produced by said means of evaporation is discharged to said means of   cooling by means of ventilation (K).   6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that said   cooling means include at least one cooling circuit (U) and   air injection means (M) in said cooling circuit (U).   7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that said   condensing means comprise at least one recovery tank (T) containing fresh water and means for supplying water vapor cooled by said cooling means in contact with the fresh water contained in said recovery tank (T). 8. Device according to claim 7 characterized in that said means for supplying cooled water vapor include at least one recovery sheath (W) having at least one part immersed in the fresh water of said recovery basin (T ) pierced with holes (X), said holes (X) allowing the cooled water vapor to escape from said sheath (W) in the form of bubbles and to condense on contact with fresh water from the basin (W ).   9. Device according to one of claims 7 or 8 characterized in that said basin   recovery tank is provided with at least one retarding net (S) intended to slow the progression of the bubbles of water vapor coming from said recovery duct (W)   towards the surface of said recovery basin (T).   10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9 characterized in that said basin   includes at least one aerator (R) allowing to evacuate the air which was contained in said   water vapor bubbles and at least one overflow (O).