CN110563234A - low-energy-consumption seawater desalination system and method - Google Patents
low-energy-consumption seawater desalination system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110563234A CN110563234A CN201910821474.5A CN201910821474A CN110563234A CN 110563234 A CN110563234 A CN 110563234A CN 201910821474 A CN201910821474 A CN 201910821474A CN 110563234 A CN110563234 A CN 110563234A
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 274
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
the invention discloses a low-energy-consumption seawater desalination system which comprises a seawater pump and a seawater desalination tank, wherein the drainage end of the seawater pump is connected with a shunt valve, the shunt valve is connected with a plurality of shunt tubes, a plurality of shunt tubes are jointly connected with a light energy heating mechanism, and the light energy heating mechanism comprises a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms arranged in a matrix; the invention also discloses a low-energy-consumption seawater desalination method, which comprises the following steps: s1: extracting seawater; s2: shunting and heating; s3: converging; s4: reverse osmosis filtration; s5: condensing the steam; s6: and (5) fresh water collection. According to the invention, the sea water is heated through the smoked metal plate and the smoked metal semicircular tube, the cost of equipment is reduced, the evaporation speed and the evaporation amount of the sea water are increased through the atomizing nozzle, the sea water is further desalted through the reverse osmosis membrane without causing the salt in the sea water to be separated and deposited, the material cost is reduced by taking the desalted high-concentration sea water as a condensing agent of water vapor, and the energy loss is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a low-energy-consumption seawater desalination system and method.
Background
Sea water desalination, namely, sea water desalination is used for producing fresh water, is an open source increment technology for realizing water resource utilization, can increase the total amount of fresh water, is not influenced by time, space and climate, can ensure stable water supply such as coastal resident drinking water and industrial boiler water supplement, and the like.
The conventional low-energy-consumption seawater desalination device generally adopts a solar energy evaporation method, such as a solar seawater desalination system described in the invention patent with the application number of 201310232944.7, the solar heating device is used for heating and distilling, the utilization rate of heat is increased through the temperature-increasing and heat-storing device, and heat loss and waste are avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a low-energy-consumption seawater desalination system and method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-energy-consumption seawater desalination system comprises a seawater pump and a seawater desalination tank, wherein the pumping end of the seawater pump is connected with a seawater pumping pipe, the drainage end of the seawater pump is connected with a shunt valve, the shunt valve is connected with a plurality of shunt tubes, the shunt tubes are jointly connected with a light energy heating mechanism, the light energy heating mechanism comprises a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms arranged in a matrix, the seawater heating mechanisms are connected in series and parallel, the light energy heating mechanism is connected with a flow merging pipe which is inserted in the seawater desalination tank, a spray plate is fixedly arranged at one end of the confluence pipe positioned in the seawater desalination tank, a plurality of atomization nozzles are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the spray plate, the seawater desalination device is characterized in that a reverse osmosis desalination mechanism is installed in the seawater desalination box, a steam condensation desalination mechanism is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the seawater desalination box, and a fresh water pipe is inserted into the lower end of the seawater desalination box.
Preferably, sea water heating mechanism includes the smoked metal sheet, the surface of smoked metal sheet inlays and is equipped with the heating pipe, the heating pipe comprises smoked black metal semicircle pipe and clear glass semicircle pipe, sunshine shines and makes the temperature of smoked black metal sheet rise fast at the smoked black metal sheet, the smoked black metal sheet of high temperature conducts the temperature to inlay the sea water that heats in the heating pipe on the smoked black metal semicircle pipe of establishing on the smoked black metal sheet, and sunshine can penetrate the pipe inner surface that the clear glass semicircle pipe shines at the smoked black metal semicircle pipe and make its temperature rise, further increase the speed of sea water heating, and the heating pipe internal pressure increases, the preferred copper product of metal material of smoked black metal sheet and smoked black metal semicircle pipe promotes the heat conduction speed, smoked black metal material cost is lower than solar energy material silicon cost.
preferably, reverse osmosis desalination mechanism is including fixing the mount on sea water desalination incasement wall, the annular symmetry installs a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane on the mount, insert on the mount and be equipped with the sea water discharge pipe, reverse osmosis membrane can make water enter into the other end from reverse osmosis membrane's one end, but can not make the other material of aquatic enter into the other end, then the sea water falls on the reverse osmosis membrane on the mount, because the effect of gravity, partial water permeation reverse osmosis membrane in the sea water falls in the below of mount and flows from the fresh water pipe.
Preferably, the steam condensation and desalination mechanism comprises a condensation box fixed on the outer side wall of the seawater desalination box, a steam pipe is inserted into the condensation box, the lower end of the steam pipe is connected to the fresh water pipe, the upper end of the steam pipe is inserted into the seawater desalination box and fixedly provided with a gas collecting hood, the lower end of the seawater discharge pipe penetrates through the side wall of the seawater desalination box and is inserted into the condensation box, a heat dissipation plate is embedded on the outer side wall of the condensation box and comprises a heat conduction net and a heat dissipation fin, the heat conduction net penetrates through the side wall of the condensation box and is located in the condensation box, the heat dissipation fin is located on the outer side of the condensation box, a concentrated seawater pipe is inserted into the lower end of the condensation box, and a pipe orifice at one end of the concentrated seawater pipe located in the condensation;
High-temperature seawater in a seawater desalination box is sprayed out from a plurality of atomizing nozzles on a spray plate, part of sprayed high-temperature atomized seawater is evaporated and enters a steam pipe from a gas collecting hood, part of the high-temperature atomized seawater is not evaporated and falls on a reverse osmosis membrane on a fixed frame, steam entering the steam pipe flows downwards along a steam pipe, the steam passes through a condensation box in the steam pipe, concentrated seawater which does not penetrate through the reverse osmosis membrane and falls in the seawater desalination box enters a condensation box along a seawater discharge pipe, the temperature of the concentrated seawater in the condensation box is lower than that of the steam, therefore, the steam is condensed into liquid water in the steam pipe through the condensation box and flows downwards into a fresh water pipe, the concentrated seawater after heat exchange contacts a heat conduction net on a heat dissipation plate to transfer heat to the heat conduction net, then the heat conduction net transfers the heat to an external heat dissipation plate for heat dissipation, and the steam in the steam pipe is continuously condensed and enters, and the concentrated seawater in the condensing box is discharged through a concentrated seawater pipe.
a low-energy-consumption seawater desalination method comprises the following steps:
S1: extracting seawater; seawater is pumped into the system through a seawater pump, and the seawater pump is a low-pressure seawater pump, so that the seawater pumping speed is slow, and the upper drainage speed is slow;
S2: shunting and heating; the seawater flows to a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms through a flow divider at the drainage end of the seawater pump, the pressure in a single seawater heating mechanism is reduced, the seawater slowly flows in the seawater heating mechanism, and the illumination heating time is prolonged;
S3: converging; the seawater which flows slowly and is heated in the plurality of seawater heating mechanisms is converged together to flow through the confluence pipes, the original pressure is recovered, the flow speed is increased, and the heat dissipation speed of the heated seawater in the pipelines is reduced;
S4: reverse osmosis filtration; the unevaporated seawater falls on the fixing frame and the reverse osmosis membranes, and due to the action of seawater gravity, the unevaporated low-temperature seawater falls on the lower layer of the seawater desalination tank through the reverse osmosis membranes, the salt and impurity mixed solution in the seawater cannot permeate through the reverse osmosis membranes, and is discharged into the condensing tank from the concentrated seawater pipe, the concentrated seawater entering the condensing tank condenses the water vapor in the steam pipe through heat exchange, and the concentrated seawater after heat exchange is cooled by the heat dissipation plate;
s5: condensing the steam; hot seawater is sprayed out of the seawater desalination tank through the atomizing nozzles, so that heated seawater is evaporated faster, the unevaporated seawater falls into the seawater desalination tank, steam is separated from liquid, the steam enters the steam pipe and passes through the condensing tank, and the low-temperature concentrated seawater in the condensing tank condenses the high-temperature steam into water drops which fall along with the steam pipe;
S6: fresh water collection; the steam pipe is connected with a fresh water pipe at the lower end of the seawater desalination tank, and the condensed fresh water and the reverse osmosis fresh water are gathered and collected.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. Through the quick sea water that produces heat heating pipe in of stifling metal sheet process sunshine shines, and sunshine sees through transparent glass semicircle pipe and shines further promotion rate of heating on stifling metal semicircle pipe, need not to use electric energy etc. for its heating, the energy saving loss, and the cost of stifling metal sheet and stifling metal semicircle pipe is cheaper than the silicon material price of solar energy heating, then construction cost is lower.
2. The flow dividing valve can divide the pressure of seawater pumped by the seawater pump into the plurality of flow dividing pipes, so that the pressure in each flow dividing pipe is reduced, the heating pipe is prevented from being damaged by high pressure, the flow speed of the seawater in the heating pipe is reduced when the pressure is reduced, the heating time of the seawater is prolonged, namely, the heating temperature of the seawater is increased, and the evaporation capacity of the seawater is increased.
3. The flow combining pipe can converge the heated seawater in the seawater heating mechanisms in one pipeline to flow, and the pressure of the seawater in the flow combining pipe is increased, so that the flow speed of the seawater is accelerated, the temperature loss speed of the seawater in the conveying process can be reduced, and the high-temperature state of the seawater during evaporation is ensured.
4. The atomizing nozzle can atomize and spray high-temperature seawater on the upper layer of the seawater desalination box, the atomized high-temperature seawater increases the evaporation speed, most seawater is quickly evaporated and enters the steam pipe from the gas collecting hood, and a small part of unevaporated high-concentration seawater is quickly cooled and falls down in an atomizing state.
5. Reverse osmosis membrane only allows water to permeate through, consequently falls down on mount and reverse osmosis membrane high concentration sea water because partial water that makes high concentration sea water permeate reverse osmosis membrane and falls on the lower floor of sea water desalination case of action of gravity, further considers the salt desalination with the sea water, and the minute-pressure that the top of mount was formed by a plurality of atomizer makes the water in high concentration sea water permeate reverse osmosis membrane and falls into the lower floor volume and increase, promotes the desalination of sea water volume.
6. the high-concentration seawater of cooling flows into the condensing box and is used as a condensing agent, vapor evaporated by the seawater flows through the condensing box downwards from the steam pipe, the high-concentration seawater with lower temperature contacts with the vapor with higher temperature through the steam pipe wall, so that the vapor condensate is formed into water drops which flow downwards to the fresh water pipe for collection, the temperature is raised after the heat exchange of the high-concentration seawater, the seawater is used as the vapor of the condensing agent to condense the seawater, the condensing agent does not need to be additionally provided, and the cost is reduced.
7. The high-concentration seawater in the condensing box is heated up after condensation and heat exchange, the high-concentration seawater with the increased temperature flows through the heat conduction net to conduct heat to the heat conduction net, and then the heat conduction net conducts the heat to the radiating fins on the outer side of the condensing box for radiating, so that the high-concentration seawater is rapidly cooled and continues heat exchange work, the condensing speed of the water vapor is increased, and the problem that the fresh water yield is inaccurate due to the fact that the water vapor is not condensed into liquid and enters the fresh water pipe is avoided.
8. the system only consumes the electric energy of the seawater pump, the energy consumption of the system is reduced, the distillation desalination and the reverse osmosis membrane filtration desalination are carried out simultaneously, the output rate of fresh water is further increased, mineral deposition phenomena such as water scales and the like cannot be generated in the seawater desalination process, and the safety of the system is improved.
in conclusion, the invention heats the seawater through the black metal plate and the black metal semicircular pipe, reduces the cost of equipment, increases the evaporation speed and the evaporation capacity of the seawater through the atomizing nozzle, further desalts the seawater through the reverse osmosis membrane without causing the salt in the seawater to be separated and deposited, reduces the material cost and reduces the energy loss by taking the desalinated high-concentration seawater as the condensing agent of the water vapor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low power consumption seawater desalination system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a seawater heating mechanism of the low power consumption seawater desalination system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a heating pipe portion of a low power consumption seawater desalination system according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a fixing frame portion of a low power consumption seawater desalination system according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1 sea water pump, 2 flow divider, 3 sea water extraction pipes, 4 flow divider, 5 black metal plate, 6 flow merging pipe, 7 sea water desalination tank, 8 spray plate, 9 atomizer, 10 gas collecting hood, 11 fixing frame, 12 sea water discharge pipe, 13 fresh water pipe, 14 steam pipe, 15 condensation tank, 16 heat dissipation plate, 17 heat dissipation plate, 18 heat conduction net, 19 heating pipe, 20 reverse osmosis membrane, 21 concentrated sea water pipe, 1901 black metal semicircular pipe, 1902 transparent glass semicircular pipe.
Detailed Description
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a low energy consumption seawater desalination system comprises a seawater pump 1 and a seawater desalination tank 7, wherein the pumping end of the seawater pump 1 is connected with a seawater pumping pipe 3, the drainage end of the seawater pump 1 is connected with a shunt valve 2, the shunt valve 2 is connected with a plurality of shunt tubes 4, the shunt tubes 4 are commonly connected with a light energy heating mechanism, the light energy heating mechanism comprises a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms arranged in a matrix, the plurality of seawater heating mechanisms are connected in series and parallel, the light energy heating mechanism is connected with a confluence tube 6, the confluence tube 6 is inserted into the seawater desalination tank 7, one end of the confluence tube 6 positioned in the seawater desalination tank 7 is fixedly provided with a spray plate 8, the lower end of the spray plate 8 is fixedly provided with a plurality of atomization nozzles 9, the seawater desalination tank 7 is internally provided with a reverse osmosis desalination mechanism, and the outer side wall of the seawater desalination tank 7 is fixedly provided with, a fresh water pipe 13 is inserted at the lower end of the seawater desalination tank 7.
sea water heating mechanism includes smoked black metal sheet 5, the surface of smoked black metal sheet 5 inlays and is equipped with heating pipe 19, heating pipe 19 comprises smoked black metal semicircle pipe 1901 and transparent glass semicircle pipe 1902, sunshine shines and makes the temperature of smoked black metal sheet 5 rise fast at smoked black metal sheet 5, the smoked black metal sheet 5 of high temperature conducts the temperature to the temperature of inlaying and establishes on the smoked black metal semicircle pipe 1901 on smoked black metal sheet 5 and heat the sea water in the heating pipe 19, and sunshine can see through transparent glass semicircle pipe 1902 and shine and make its temperature rise at the intraductal surface of smoked black metal semicircle pipe 1901, further increase the speed that the sea water heated, and the pressure increases in heating pipe 19, the preferred copper product of the metal material of smoked black metal sheet 5 and smoked black metal semicircle pipe 1901, promote heat conduction speed, smoked black metal material cost is lower than solar energy material silicon cost.
The reverse osmosis desalination mechanism comprises a fixing frame 11 fixed on the inner wall of the seawater desalination tank 7, a plurality of reverse osmosis membranes 20 are annularly and symmetrically arranged on the fixing frame 11, a seawater discharge pipe 12 is inserted in the fixing frame 11, the reverse osmosis membranes 20 can enable water to enter the other end from one end of each reverse osmosis membrane 20, but can not enable other substances in the water to enter the other end, the seawater falls on the reverse osmosis membranes 20 on the fixing frame 11, and due to the action of gravity, part of the water in the seawater penetrates through the reverse osmosis membranes 20 to fall below the fixing frame 11 and flows out from the fresh water pipe 13.
The steam condensation desalination mechanism comprises a condensation box 15 fixed on the outer side wall of the seawater desalination box 7, a steam pipe 14 is inserted in the condensation box 15, the lower end of the steam pipe 14 is connected to a fresh water pipe 13, the upper end of the steam pipe 14 is inserted in the seawater desalination box 7 and fixedly provided with a gas collecting hood 10, the lower end of a seawater discharge pipe 12 penetrates through the side wall of the seawater desalination box 7 and is inserted in the condensation box 15, a heat dissipation plate 16 is embedded on the outer side wall of the condensation box 15 and comprises a heat conduction net 18 and a heat dissipation plate 17, the heat conduction net 18 penetrates through the side wall of the condensation box 15 and is positioned in the condensation box 15, the heat dissipation plate 17 is positioned on the outer side of the condensation box 15, a concentrated seawater pipe 21 is inserted at the lower end of the condensation box 15, and the pipe orifice at one end of the concentrated seawater pipe;
high-temperature seawater in a seawater desalination tank 7 is sprayed out from a plurality of atomizing nozzles 9 on a spray plate 8, part of sprayed high-temperature atomized seawater is evaporated and enters a steam pipe 14 from a gas collecting hood 10, part of high-temperature atomized seawater is not evaporated and falls on a reverse osmosis membrane 20 on a fixed frame 11, steam entering the steam pipe 14 flows downwards along the steam pipe 14, the steam passes through a condensation tank 15 in the steam pipe 14, concentrated seawater which does not penetrate through the reverse osmosis membrane 20 and falls in the seawater desalination tank 7 enters the condensation tank 15 along a seawater discharge pipe 12, the temperature of the concentrated seawater in the condensation tank 15 is lower than that of the steam, therefore, the steam is condensed into liquid water in the steam pipe 14 through the condensation tank 15 and flows downwards into a fresh water pipe 13, the concentrated seawater after heat exchange contacts a heat conduction net 18 on a heat dissipation plate 16 to transfer heat to the heat conduction net 18, and then the heat conduction net 18 transfers the heat to an external heat dissipation plate 17 to dissipate heat, the water vapor in the steam pipe 14 is continuously condensed into the fresh water pipe 13 to be collected, and the concentrated seawater in the condensation tank 15 is discharged through the concentrated seawater pipe 21.
A low-energy-consumption seawater desalination method comprises the following steps:
S1: extracting seawater; seawater is pumped into the system through a seawater pump 1, the seawater pump 1 is a low-pressure seawater pump, so that the seawater pumping speed is slow, and the upper drainage speed is slow;
S2: shunting and heating; the seawater flows to a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms through a flow divider 2 at the drainage end of a seawater pump 1, the pressure in a single seawater heating mechanism is reduced, the seawater slowly flows in the seawater heating mechanism, and the illumination heating time is prolonged;
S3: converging; the seawater which flows slowly and is heated in the plurality of seawater heating mechanisms is converged by the merging pipe 6 to flow, the original pressure is recovered, the flow speed is increased, and the heat dissipation speed of the heated seawater in the pipeline is reduced;
S4: reverse osmosis filtration; the unevaporated seawater falls on the fixed frame 11 and the reverse osmosis membranes 20, the water in the unevaporated low-temperature seawater falls on the lower layer of the seawater desalination tank 7 through the reverse osmosis membranes 20 under the action of the gravity of the seawater, the salt and impurity mixed solution in the seawater cannot permeate through the reverse osmosis membranes 20, the mixed solution is discharged into the condensation tank 15 from the concentrated seawater pipe 21, the concentrated seawater entering the condensation tank 15 condenses the water vapor in the steam pipe 14 through heat exchange, and the concentrated seawater after heat exchange is cooled by the heat dissipation plate 16;
S5: condensing the steam; hot seawater is sprayed out of the seawater desalination tank 7 through the atomizing nozzles 9, so that the heated seawater is evaporated more quickly, the unevaporated seawater falls into the seawater desalination tank 7, steam is separated from liquid, the steam enters the steam pipe 14 and passes through the condensing tank 15, and the low-temperature concentrated seawater in the condensing tank 15 condenses the high-temperature steam into water drops which fall along with the steam pipe 14;
s6: fresh water collection; the steam pipe 14 is connected with a fresh water pipe 13 at the lower end of the seawater desalination tank 7, and collects condensed fresh water and reverse osmosis fresh water.
When the seawater desalination device is used, seawater is pumped by a seawater pump 1 through a seawater pumping pipe 3 and then is shunted into a plurality of shunt pipes 4 through a shunt valve 2, the seawater is conveyed into heating pipes 19 of a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms by the shunt pipes 4, the plurality of seawater heating mechanisms are communicated, sunlight irradiates on a sooty metal plate 5 and a sooty metal semicircular pipe 1901 to enable the temperatures of the two to rise rapidly, the temperature of the seawater in the heating pipes 19 rises rapidly, at the moment, the pressure in the heating pipes 19 increases as the seawater is in the heating pipes 19 and cannot be evaporated, the plurality of heating pipes 19 are connected to the same confluence pipe 6, the high-temperature seawater is converged in the confluence pipe 6 to flow, the pressure is increased, the flow speed is accelerated, the heat dissipation amount of the high-temperature seawater in the confluence pipe 6 is less, the high-temperature seawater in the confluence pipe 6 enters a seawater desalination tank 7 and is sprayed out from a plurality of atomization nozzles 9, the high-temperature atomized seawater is quickly evaporated and enters the steam pipe 14 through the gas collecting hood 10, the rest atomized high-concentration seawater is quickly cooled and falls on the fixed frame 11 and the reverse osmosis membrane 20, the high-concentration seawater is subjected to gravity and micro-pressure in the seawater desalination tank 7, so that part of water in the high-concentration seawater passes through the reverse osmosis membrane 20, falls to the lower layer of the seawater desalination tank 7 and is discharged along the fresh water pipe 13, the high-concentration seawater which does not pass through the reverse osmosis membrane 20 is discharged into the condensation tank 15 along the seawater discharge pipe 12, the steam flows downwards from the steam pipe 14 under the micro-pressure in the seawater desalination tank 7 and passes through the condensation tank 15, as the temperature of the high-concentration seawater is lower than that of the steam, the steam is condensed into liquid and flows downwards into the fresh water pipe 13 through the contact heat exchange of the steam pipe 14, the high-concentration seawater is heated and contacts the heat conducting net 18 to conduct the heat to the heat conducting net 18, and the heat, then the high concentration sea water is cooled down and continues to carry out the condensation work, the vapor of condensation discharges simultaneously with the fresh water in the fresh water pipe 13 and collects, the high concentration sea water is discharged through thick sea water pipe 21, entire system only need provide the energy to sea water pump 1, the system power consumption is low, and the system adopts distillation desalination and reverse osmosis membrane 20 to filter the desalination and goes on simultaneously, increased the fresh water output rate and can not produce the mineral substance deposit phenomenon, smoked black metal plate 5 and smoked black metal semicircle pipe 1901 heating sea water practice thrift the cost more than the silicon material heating of solar energy.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A low-energy-consumption seawater desalination system comprises a seawater pump (1) and a seawater desalination tank (7), and is characterized in that a water discharge end of the seawater pump (1) is connected with a shunt valve (2), the shunt valve (2) is connected with a plurality of shunt tubes (4), the shunt tubes (4) are jointly connected with a light energy heating mechanism, the light energy heating mechanism comprises a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms arranged in a matrix, the seawater heating mechanisms are connected in series and parallel, the light energy heating mechanism is connected with a flow merging tube (6), the flow merging tube (6) is inserted into the seawater desalination tank (7), one end, located in the seawater desalination tank (7), of the flow merging tube (6) is fixedly provided with a spray plate (8), the lower end of the spray plate (8) is fixedly provided with a plurality of atomizing nozzles (9), and the seawater desalination tank (7) is internally provided with a reverse osmosis desalination mechanism, the outer side wall of the seawater desalination tank (7) is fixedly provided with a steam condensation desalination mechanism, and the lower end of the seawater desalination tank (7) is inserted with a fresh water pipe (13).
2. the seawater desalination system with low energy consumption of claim 1, wherein the seawater heating mechanism comprises a blackened metal plate (5), a heating pipe (19) is embedded in the surface of the blackened metal plate (5), and the heating pipe (19) is composed of a blackened metal semicircular pipe (1901) and a transparent glass semicircular pipe (1902).
3. the seawater desalination system with low energy consumption as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reverse osmosis desalination mechanism comprises a fixing frame (11) fixed on the inner wall of the seawater desalination tank (7), and a plurality of reverse osmosis membranes (20) are symmetrically arranged on the fixing frame (11).
4. the seawater desalination system with low energy consumption according to claim 1, wherein the steam condensation desalination mechanism comprises a condensation box (15) fixed on the outer side wall of the seawater desalination box (7), a steam pipe (14) is inserted in the condensation box (15), the lower end of the steam pipe (14) is connected to the fresh water pipe (13), a heat dissipation plate (16) is embedded on the outer side wall of the condensation box (15), the heat dissipation plate (16) comprises a heat conduction net (18) and a heat dissipation fin (17), the heat conduction net (18) penetrates through the side wall of the condensation box (15) and is located in the condensation box (15), and the heat dissipation fin (17) is located on the outer side of the condensation box (15).
5. a low-energy-consumption seawater desalination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: extracting seawater; seawater is pumped into the system through a seawater pump (1), and the seawater pump (1) is a low-pressure seawater pump, so that the seawater pumping speed is slow, and the upper drainage speed is slow;
S2: shunting and heating; the flow dividing valve (2) divides the seawater to flow to a plurality of seawater heating mechanisms, and reduces the pressure in a single seawater heating mechanism;
S3: converging; the heated seawater is converged together to flow through the converging pipe (6), the original pressure is recovered, and the heat dissipation speed of the heated seawater in the pipeline is reduced;
s4: reverse osmosis filtration; due to the action of the gravity of the seawater, the water in the unevaporated low-temperature seawater falls to the lower layer of the seawater desalination tank (7) through the reverse osmosis membrane (20), and the salt and impurity mixed solution in the seawater cannot permeate through the reverse osmosis membrane (20);
S5: condensing the steam; the unevaporated high-temperature seawater is sprayed in the seawater desalination tank (7) to separate steam from liquid, the steam enters the steam pipe (14) and passes through the condensing tank (15), and the low-temperature concentrated seawater in the condensing tank (15) enables the high-temperature steam to be condensed into water drops which flow downwards along the steam pipe (14);
S6: fresh water collection; the steam pipe (14) is connected with a fresh water pipe (13) at the lower end of the seawater desalination tank (7) to collect and collect condensed fresh water and reverse osmosis fresh water.
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| CN111003872A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-14 | 张家港江苏科技大学产业技术研究院 | Marine seawater desalination and power generation device |
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