FR2738110A1 - Plant protector, particularly against frost - Google Patents
Plant protector, particularly against frost Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2738110A1 FR2738110A1 FR9510574A FR9510574A FR2738110A1 FR 2738110 A1 FR2738110 A1 FR 2738110A1 FR 9510574 A FR9510574 A FR 9510574A FR 9510574 A FR9510574 A FR 9510574A FR 2738110 A1 FR2738110 A1 FR 2738110A1
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- Prior art keywords
- net
- pigment
- strip
- frost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de protection des plantes notamment contre le gel. The invention relates to a plant protection device, in particular against frost.
Les gelées de printemps, notamment dans les vignobles, ont des conséquences néfastes sur la production. Spring frosts, especially in vineyards, have negative consequences on production.
En effet, à cette époque, les bourgeons se forment et une gelée peut endommager voire détruire tout ou partie de ces bourgeons. Indeed, at this time, the buds are formed and a jelly can damage or even destroy all or part of these buds.
Depuis longtemps on a donc tenté de supprimer le risque de gel des bourgeons. We have therefore been trying for a long time to eliminate the risk of bud freezing.
Une première méthode consiste à disséminer sur la parcelle à protéger des dispositifs de chauffage qui réchauffent l'air environnant. A first method consists in disseminating on the plot to be protected heating devices which heat the surrounding air.
Cette méthode nécessite de nombreux appareils et donc représente un investissement important. This method requires many devices and therefore represents a significant investment.
Ces dispositifs fonctionnant généralement au fioul sont, en outre, source de pollution. These devices, which generally operate on fuel oil, are also a source of pollution.
Egalement, cette méthode réclame une surveillance nocturne pour que ces dispositifs de chauffage soient mis en fonctionnement dès que la température descend sous un seuil prédéterminé. Also, this method requires night monitoring so that these heating devices are put into operation as soon as the temperature drops below a predetermined threshold.
Elle entraine des coûts d'exploitation en plus de l'investissement, à savoir des coûts d'entretien des dispositifs ainsi que du carburant nécessaire. It involves operating costs in addition to the investment, namely the costs of maintaining the devices and the fuel required.
Certains exploitants ont cherché à améliorer la rentabilité de la technique du chauffage. Some operators have sought to improve the profitability of the heating technique.
Pour cela, ils ont recouvert la parcelle d'un filet (FR-A2.678.805) et ont placé les dispositifs de chauffage sous le filet, en bordure de la parcelle. For this, they covered the plot with a net (FR-A2.678.805) and placed the heating devices under the net, at the edge of the plot.
Cette solution permet de confiner dans une certaine mesure l'apport de chaleur et de minimiser le nombre de dispositifs de chauffage, mais présente plusieurs inconvénients
- A cette période de l'année, si la nuit peut être froide, le soleil de printemps est parfois intense, ce qui provoque un échauffement important sous le filet.This solution makes it possible to confine the heat supply to a certain extent and to minimize the number of heating devices, but has several disadvantages
- At this time of year, if the night can be cold, the spring sun is sometimes intense, which causes significant heating under the net.
- Pour remédier à un effet de serre, le filet doit être remplacé ou recouvert localement par un film mince dont la face supérieure tournée vers le soleil est réfléchissante. - To remedy a greenhouse effect, the net must be replaced or covered locally with a thin film whose upper face facing the sun is reflective.
- On ne peut adapter continuellement la proportion de surface réfléchissante en fonction du temps car cela entraine des interventions supplémentaires, c'est pourquoi, on choisit un compromis. - We cannot continually adapt the proportion of reflective surface as a function of time because this leads to additional interventions, this is why we choose a compromise.
Il se produit donc des variations de température qui sont quasiment aussi néfastes que le gel. There are therefore variations in temperature which are almost as harmful as freezing.
En effet, cet échauffement accélère la floraison des vignobles qui se trouvent en décalage avec les autres. Indeed, this heating accelerates the flowering of the vineyards which are out of step with the others.
Ce décalage induit alors des contraintes techniques qui sont couteuses. This shift then induces costly technical constraints.
Une autre méthode consiste à asperger d'eau les plantations. Another method is to spray the plantations with water.
Cette méthode est efficace, mais l'investissement de départ est encore plus couteux que pour la méthode utilisant des dispositifs de chauffage. This method is effective, but the initial investment is even more expensive than for the method using heaters.
En effet, outre le matériel d'aspersion, il faut prévoir l'adduction d'eau soit par une conduite reliant la parcelle au réseau de distribution du village le plus proche, soit procéder à un forage aboutissant à la nappe phréatique pour établir un puit directement sur la parcelle. Indeed, in addition to the sprinkling equipment, it is necessary to provide water supply either by a pipe connecting the plot to the distribution network of the nearest village, or to carry out a drilling leading to the water table to establish a well. directly on the plot.
Un des résultats que l'invention vise à obtenir est un dispositif de protection du type énoncé plus haut qui remédie aux inconvénients précités. One of the results that the invention aims to obtain is a protection device of the type stated above which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un tel dispositif de protection des plantes notamment contre le gel comprenant un filet tendu au dessus des plants à protéger, ce dispositif étant notamment CARACTERISE en ce que l'élément longiligne avec lequel est confectionné le filet est une bandelette en matière plastique auquel a été incorporé lors de l'extrusion un pigment conférant à la bandelette un pouvoir réfléchissant uniforme. To this end, the subject of the invention is such a plant protection device, in particular against frost, comprising a net stretched over the plants to be protected, this device being in particular CHARACTERIZED in that the elongated element with which the net is made. is a plastic strip to which a pigment has been incorporated during extrusion giving the strip a uniform reflecting power.
L'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description ci-après faite, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui représente schématiquement
- figure 1 : un dispositif de protection des plantes,
- figure 2 : un détail du filet de protection en cours de fabrication. The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description below, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached drawing which schematically represents
- Figure 1: a plant protection device,
- Figure 2: a detail of the protective net during manufacture.
En se reportant au dessin, on voit que le dispositif de protection 1 de plantes contre le gel comprend au moins un filet 2 tendu au dessus des plants 3. Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that the device 1 for protecting plants against frost comprises at least one net 2 stretched above the plants 3.
Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, l'élément longiligne 4 avec lequel est confectionné le filet 2 est une bandelette en matière plastique auquel a été incorporé lors de l'extrusion un pigment conférant à la bandelette un pouvoir réfléchissant uniforme et par là même, au filet, un pouvoir réfléchissant selon sensiblement toutes les directions. According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the elongate element 4 with which the net 2 is made is a strip of plastic material which has been incorporated during extrusion with a pigment conferring on the strip a uniform reflecting power and thereby , at the net, a reflecting power in substantially all directions.
La matière plastique est un polyéthylène haute densité et le pigment, un pigment d'aluminium. The plastic is high density polyethylene and the pigment is an aluminum pigment.
La proportion de pigment d'aluminium est de l'ordre de cinq pour cent en poids. The proportion of aluminum pigment is of the order of five percent by weight.
Un produit anti ultra violet longue durée est également incorporé à la matière plastique lors de l'extrusion. A long-lasting anti-ultra violet product is also incorporated into the plastic during extrusion.
La largeur de la bande plate est de l'ordre de un milimètre et son épaisseur moyenne de l'ordre de vingt microns. The width of the flat strip is of the order of one millimeter and its average thickness of the order of twenty microns.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le filet pèse environ quatre vingt grammes par mètre carré et il est réalisé en structure indémaillable. According to a characteristic of the invention, the net weighs approximately eighty grams per square meter and it is made of a non-rammable structure.
Il s'agit, par exemple, d'un tricot type Rachel (figure 2). This is, for example, a Rachel type knit (Figure 2).
Par ailleurs, les bords du filet présentent des boutonnières permettant de le maintenir au sol tout en limitant le risque de déchirures dues à son accrochage au sol. In addition, the edges of the net have buttonholes allowing it to be held on the ground while limiting the risk of tears due to its attachment to the ground.
Ces deux caractéristiques sont également importantes car le filet doit supporter une forte prise au vent sans se déchirer et en cas de rupture accidentelle, la déchirure doit rester localisée. These two characteristics are also important because the net must withstand strong wind resistance without tearing and in the event of accidental rupture, the tear must remain localized.
Pour faciliter le positionnement du filet, un fil de repérage de couleur, notamment noir, s'étend au long de la ligne médiane dudit filet. To facilitate the positioning of the net, a color marking wire, in particular black, extends along the center line of said net.
Ce filet est particulièrement efficace en cas de nuits claires et sans vent qui sont des conditions favorables au gel de printemps. This net is particularly effective in the case of clear and windless nights which are favorable conditions for spring frost.
La taille des mailles est déterminée de manière que, d'une part, la nuit, le filet retienne la chaleur que le sol a accumulé le jour et que, d'autre part, le froid extérieur faisant givrer la rosée obture rapidement les mailles du filet pour former un effet d'igloo. The mesh size is determined so that, on the one hand, at night, the net retains the heat that the soil has accumulated during the day and, on the other hand, the outside cold causing the dew to frost quickly closes the mesh of the net to form an igloo effect.
Cette couche de rosée puis de givre forme en effet une barrière isolante. This layer of dew and then of frost indeed forms an insulating barrier.
Lorsque le soleil revient, le givre fond et le filet redevient perméable. When the sun returns, the frost melts and the net becomes permeable again.
On estime que le gain en température peut atteindre trois degrés voire cinq degrés près du sol en conditions favorables. It is estimated that the temperature gain can reach three degrees or even five degrees near the ground in favorable conditions.
Ce gain dépend bien entendu de l'ensoleillement de la journée. This gain obviously depends on the day's sunshine.
Un apport artificiel de chaleur est, dès lors, tout à fait inutile avec toutes les économies que cela suppose. An artificial supply of heat is therefore completely unnecessary with all the savings that this implies.
Pour maintenir le filet, le dispositif de protection contre le gel comprend des éléments annexes qui ne seront pas détaillés mais qui, par exemple, comprennent des piquets 5 de soutien, des piquets pour amarrer les bords du filets, des embouts en caoutchouc souple pour protéger le filet de l'agressivité des têtes des poteaux qui le soutiennent. To maintain the net, the frost protection device includes additional elements which will not be detailed but which, for example, include support posts, posts for mooring the edges of the nets, flexible rubber end caps to protect the net of the aggressiveness of the heads of the posts which support it.
On estime que pendant la période gel, la différence de température sous le filet et au dessus du filet peut être de deux à trois degrés celsius, ce qui est tout à fait suffisant pour la période considérée, sachant notamment que les bourgeons des vignes ne gèlent qu'à partir de moins deux degrés celsius et que ::
- en cas de température inférieure à moins cinq degrés celsius, la toile, tout en n'évitant pas des brûlures de gel, continuera à en limiter considérablement l'ampleur,
- quelque soit le temps pendant toute la période de gel critique, la toile protègera vingt quatre heures sur vingt quatre la vigne des giboulées (grêle, grésil), des vents frois et pluies violentes qui marquent la vigne très sensible à cette époque,
- l'effet de serre restera modéré et ne provoquera de jour qu'un écart de température au plus de un degré,
- le filet aéré et ventilé en journée permet d'éviter tout confinement d'air propice au développement de maladies.It is estimated that during the frost period, the temperature difference under the net and above the net can be two to three degrees celsius, which is quite sufficient for the period considered, knowing in particular that the buds of the vines do not freeze that from minus two degrees celsius and that:
- in the event of a temperature below minus five degrees celsius, the fabric, while not avoiding frost burns, will continue to considerably limit its extent,
- whatever the weather throughout the critical freeze period, the canvas will protect the vine twenty-four hours a day from sleet (hail, sleet), cold winds and heavy rain which marked the vine very sensitive at that time,
- the greenhouse effect will remain moderate and will only cause a temperature difference of more than one degree during the day,
- the ventilated and ventilated net during the day makes it possible to avoid any confinement of air conducive to the development of diseases.
Enfin, une fois la période de gel terminée, le filet est enlevé, stocké et prêt à être réutilisé les années suivantes, pose et dépose pouvant se faire manuellement ou mécaniquement au choix des utilisateurs. Finally, once the frost period has ended, the net is removed, stored and ready to be reused in the following years, installation and removal that can be done manually or mechanically at the users' choice.
De même, le filet réunit en un seul produit avec une seule manipulation la protection contre le gel, la limitation de l'effet de serre, ainsi que les intempéries, ceci pendant toute la durée critique de croissance de la plante qui est de l'ordre de six semaines pour les vignes. Similarly, the net combines in a single product with a single manipulation the protection against frost, the limitation of the greenhouse effect, as well as the bad weather, this during all the critical period of growth of the plant which is order of six weeks for the vines.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9510574A FR2738110B1 (en) | 1995-09-05 | 1995-09-05 | PLANT PROTECTION DEVICE, PARTICULARLY AGAINST FREEZING |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9510574A FR2738110B1 (en) | 1995-09-05 | 1995-09-05 | PLANT PROTECTION DEVICE, PARTICULARLY AGAINST FREEZING |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2738110A1 true FR2738110A1 (en) | 1997-03-07 |
FR2738110B1 FR2738110B1 (en) | 1997-10-31 |
Family
ID=9482402
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR9510574A Expired - Fee Related FR2738110B1 (en) | 1995-09-05 | 1995-09-05 | PLANT PROTECTION DEVICE, PARTICULARLY AGAINST FREEZING |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2738110B1 (en) |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2974442A (en) * | 1959-01-13 | 1961-03-14 | Whitfield Spinning Company | Shade cloth |
FR1308037A (en) * | 1961-09-22 | 1962-11-03 | Insulating cover for plant shelters on glass surfaces of greenhouses and frames | |
FR2342643A1 (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1977-09-30 | Breveteam Sa | METHOD FOR PROTECTING PLANTS FROM EXCESSIVE SOLAR RADIATION, WIND, HAIL AND OTHER WEATHER EFFECTS AND MEANS OF APPLYING THIS PROCEDURE |
US4090325A (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1978-05-23 | Aaron Mushin | Knitted fabric mulches |
AU5837680A (en) * | 1980-05-14 | 1981-11-19 | Agrinova S.p.A | Copper wire in plant coverings to protect against mildew |
US4346149A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-08-24 | Gulfko Incorporated | Water based aluminum paint |
GB2098247A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-17 | Perifleur Products Ltd | Nets |
EP0201432A1 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1986-12-17 | Dispac S.A.R.L. | Device for protecting plants against hail and net for its manufacture |
FR2603449A1 (en) * | 1986-09-04 | 1988-03-11 | Heiden Ver Netz Seil | REFLECTIVE MAT IN TAPE FOR GREENHOUSES |
US4763440A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1988-08-16 | James Gregory S | System and method for protecting plants from freeze damage |
JPH03191722A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-08-21 | Sakai Textile Mfg Co Ltd | Cloth for growing plant |
FR2678805A1 (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-15 | Oury Pascal | Method and device for protection against frost of plantations of plants trained along wires stretched between stakes |
-
1995
- 1995-09-05 FR FR9510574A patent/FR2738110B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2974442A (en) * | 1959-01-13 | 1961-03-14 | Whitfield Spinning Company | Shade cloth |
FR1308037A (en) * | 1961-09-22 | 1962-11-03 | Insulating cover for plant shelters on glass surfaces of greenhouses and frames | |
FR2342643A1 (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1977-09-30 | Breveteam Sa | METHOD FOR PROTECTING PLANTS FROM EXCESSIVE SOLAR RADIATION, WIND, HAIL AND OTHER WEATHER EFFECTS AND MEANS OF APPLYING THIS PROCEDURE |
US4090325A (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1978-05-23 | Aaron Mushin | Knitted fabric mulches |
AU5837680A (en) * | 1980-05-14 | 1981-11-19 | Agrinova S.p.A | Copper wire in plant coverings to protect against mildew |
US4346149A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-08-24 | Gulfko Incorporated | Water based aluminum paint |
GB2098247A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-17 | Perifleur Products Ltd | Nets |
US4763440A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1988-08-16 | James Gregory S | System and method for protecting plants from freeze damage |
US4763440B1 (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1995-05-09 | Gregory S James | System and method for protecting plants from freeze damage |
EP0201432A1 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1986-12-17 | Dispac S.A.R.L. | Device for protecting plants against hail and net for its manufacture |
FR2603449A1 (en) * | 1986-09-04 | 1988-03-11 | Heiden Ver Netz Seil | REFLECTIVE MAT IN TAPE FOR GREENHOUSES |
JPH03191722A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-08-21 | Sakai Textile Mfg Co Ltd | Cloth for growing plant |
FR2678805A1 (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-15 | Oury Pascal | Method and device for protection against frost of plantations of plants trained along wires stretched between stakes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 9140, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 91-290715 [40] * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2738110B1 (en) | 1997-10-31 |
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