FR2733023A1 - Valve closure member with slotted intermediate plate - Google Patents

Abstract

The valve member (16) is formed of two layers (30) of refractory material on opposite sides of a strengthening plate (31) forming a metallic core on which two pivots (8) are aligned. The plate has a large number of rectangular slots (36) distributed preferably uniformly in concentric rings so that the ratio of areas of slots and metal remains constant over the entire surface irrespective of size.

Description

 The present invention relates to a valve shutter, a valve provided with a shutter, and a system of a frame to be sealed through a wall, such as masonry, and a valve provided with a shutter to be mounted in this frame. , this system used to connect two ducts of a network of smoke extraction, supply air or exhaust air extraction ducts, for example for a ventilation or air conditioning installation in a building.

 We already know shutters including smoke evacuation gate or guillotine coming to adapt on air vents mesh, consisting of a sleeve of refractory material in which pivots a shutter also of refractory material, the external lateral face of this sleeve being glued in an opening passing through a wall and provided beforehand with a frame sealed in said opening, the frame being provided with a peripheral flange for bearing on one face of the wall and with a plurality of sealing tabs.

 However, these shutters are not suitable for connecting two ducts of an air conditioning network and their use is limited to the smoke extraction function.

 We currently know different categories of valves that can be inserted on a sheath, depending on the function they perform.

 A first category consists of smoke extraction valves which are mounted on a network of pipes called smoke extraction passing through or serving several premises and remain closed in the normal operating position.

When a fire breaks out in a room, the smoke control valve of this room opens to evacuate the smoke and hot gases produced by the fire in the network, but the other smoke control valves serving other rooms and which do not are therefore not directly exposed to the fire, remain closed to ensure compartmentalization between the disaster zone and the non-disaster zones and thus prevent this smoke from spreading to other premises.

 A second category consists of fire dampers which are generally mounted on the ventilation network, for supplying fresh air or extracting stale air, and are kept open in the normal operating position.

 When a fire breaks out in a room, the fire damper in this room goes to the closed position to avoid supplying the fire with oxygen and to prevent the flame rising by the call of air in the extraction network. of air, thus achieving compartmentalization.

 However, unlike smoke exhaust dampers, fire dampers can be subjected to very high temperatures in the event of fire, which means that fire dampers must be both thermally resistant and insulating to avoid respectively their destruction and thermal conduction from the side exposed to fire towards the unexposed side of the wall.

 For these reasons, the fire dampers are not mounted through the wall via a sealing frame because the high thermal conduction of the steels of the sealing frame could spread the fire to other premises.

 The fire dampers are therefore currently mounted directly in the opening made through the wall and are completely sealed there during the end of the work (installation of finishing material) by masonry in particular, filling the space between the mortar the opening and the body of the valve with the need to create reservations (insertion holes) in the masonry with all the risks of positioning, dimensional and accessibility errors.

 This has the disadvantages that the valve is positioned in the wall with poor precision due to the difficult location of the valve relative to a gaping hole in the masonry and that the valve is fixed in a non-removable manner in the masonry, which requires destruction this if the valve is replaced, and may even damage the valve.

 A third category of devices consists of complementary devices for regulating the air flow, such as metering registers, expansion boxes or variable flow boxes ensuring the automatic management of the air flows of the aeraulic network.

 Finally, the known fire dampers induce noise nuisance caused by the flow of flows.

 Furthermore, the movable shutter members of known fire dampers are of the butterfly type comprising two opposite pins coaxially aligned with a pivoting yoke and are composed of refractory mineral or non-refractory but non-combustible materials (for example metallic) and in particular of structure in sandwich comprising two layers of refractory material separated by an intermediate reinforcing reinforcement such as a metal disc forming an intermediate core on which the pins are mounted in a yoke to transmit the rotary drive force. This known structure of shutter has the drawbacks of '' on the one hand a prohibitive weight due in particular to a significant thickness imposed for obtaining sufficient mechanical strength and on the other hand to heat dissipation by random and disordered heat transfer causing in particular deformation by warping or corrugation embossing of the reinforcement.

 In general, a ventilation network for air conditioning is equipped with these three different categories of devices, which makes the assembly of the assembly long, complicated and expensive.

 The present invention therefore aims to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a system of a sealing frame and a valve which is easy and precise assembly, and provides excellent insulation thermal while rationalizing and making reproducible, by an unskilled worker, the fitting operations of the valve in a frame specially designed for this purpose and previously sealed during the execution of the structural work in the construction of the building hence possibility of recovering subsequently the valve (by dismantling or destroying the connecting seals) for possible reuse in another location itself previously provided with a frame to be sealed in accordance with the invention.

 Another object of the invention is to propose a valve which can be used interchangeably for smoke extraction or fire protection and which can also perform other functions in particular the function of regulating the air flow in the network.

 To this end, the subject of the present invention is a system of a frame to be sealed through a wall and of a valve fitted with a shutter to be mounted in said frame, characterized in that the frame is provided with one from its ends of a flange serving as a stop and support on one face of the wall and on its external lateral face of a plurality of sealing lugs, in that the internal lateral face of the frame is spaced from the external lateral face of the valve by an annular gap intended to be filled with a binder of refractory material and preferably thermally insulating and in that the valve performs the function of compartmentalization with a firebreak and smoke extraction effect.

 The binder in refractory material is for example a layer of glue based on refractory calcium silicate or a jointing in mortar or concrete, ensuring thermal insulation between the frame to be sealed and the valve, in particular fire stop.

 According to a particular characteristic of the invention, two cowls project from the external lateral wall of the frame from two opposite sides of the latter, to cover on the one hand an end of the pivoting shaft externally projecting from the shutter of the valve and, on the other hand, a control mechanism connected externally to the other end of the pivoting shaft of the shutter.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the sealing lugs are substantially tangent at least initially to the external face of the frame and in the form of a fork whose branches are bifurcable in opposite directions.

 The invention also relates to a particular valve structure, the body of which consists of two coaxially aligned tubular elements, separated by a predetermined spacing, the proximal ends of these elements being connected externally in partial overlap by a connection belt which comprises, in the vicinity from each of its two opposite ends, a peripheral hollow rib pierced with a plurality of regularly spaced openings, each rib projecting towards the inside of the belt and coming into contact with the proximal end of one of the two elements aforementioned tubular, a lining of thermally insulating and preferably refractory material filling the peripheral intermediate space delimited between, on the one hand, the two ribs and, on the other hand, the internal face of the connection belt and the proximal ends of the two tubular elements.

 According to yet another characteristic of the invention, at least one peripheral row of preferably identical perforations regularly spaced is provided substantially in the center of the connection belt and in line with the aforementioned lining.

 It is also possible to provide that at least one row of regularly spaced perforations is made peripherally in the vicinity of the proximal end of one of the two tubular elements and in line with the abovementioned lining.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, an annular seal made of thermally insulating and intumescent material internally covers the row or rows of perforations of the associated tubular element.

 The aforementioned perforations can be made in several parallel rows axially spaced apart, for example uniformly, the perforations being offset alternately from one row to another.

 The invention further relates to a valve shutter, for example in the form of a butterfly flap with a structure with controlled directional thermal deformation, consisting of two layers of refractory materials separated by an intermediate flat reinforcing plate forming a metallic core on which are mounted in clevis two journals coaxially aligned with the pivot end of the shutter, characterized in that the intermediate plate is pierced with rectangular or oblong openings distributed, preferably regularly, along several concentric circumferences so that the ratio of full area and vacuum remains constant over the entire surface of the shutter, whatever its size and from one conference to another.

 For example, the orientation, the distribution or the relative positions and the individual dimensions of the lights are in accordance with FIG. 10 of the appended drawings and determined in an orderly manner as a function of the size of the shutter and therefore of the metallic mass of said plate. interlayer to obtain a directed and contained thermal expansion of this radially isotropic reinforcement.

 The two layers of refractory materials may be made of identical or different refractory materials and constituted for example by fiber cement reinforced with preferably natural fibers, calcium silicates, plasters, plaster derivatives, fiber plasters or anhydride salts.

 The respective thicknesses of the intermediate metal plate and the layers of refractory material are determined according to the qualities of fire resistance desired as defined in the existing official regulations.

 According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned plate is pierced with several uniformly spaced round holes for the passage of staples used to assemble the two layers of refractory materials with the intermediate plate, these holes and the aforementioned openings being embedded in an adhesive based on refractory products.

 The intermediate metal plate thanks to the configuration of its perforations and the sufficient clearance between staples and staple holes, will expand uniformly, under the action of heating, in all directions, remaining substantially flat without constraint of clamping , which will cause a tight peripheral contact with the aforementioned thermally insulating and intumescent gasket by penetration into it, therefore direct blocking of the shutter in its closed position.

 Any leakage rate of hot gas during a fire, through the valve to the cold side of the shutter in the closed position, will therefore be avoided thanks to this improved seal.

 Two coaxial and coplanar recesses can also be made from two opposite sides of the frame to receive the two aforementioned pins.

 The invention also relates to a fire damper or smoke extraction valve with compartmentalization function by shutter with all-or-nothing action, characterized in that it can be combined with the maintenance of the shutter in a partially open position. fixed or variable by automatic regulation to ensure a pressure drop coefficient, therefore of mass energy, at least partially constant for a given local situation.

 According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned shutter is integral in rotation with an actuating lever which is subjected to an elastic restoring force towards the position of maximum opening or closing of the shutter, depending on whether the damper is used for smoke extraction or as a firebreak, and which is retained in the normal operating position by a retractable stopper under the action of a trigger, the relative angular position of the shutter with respect to the actuating lever which remains retained in its stop being variable by selective adjustment to move the shutter to a determined partial opening position.

 As a variant, provision may be made for the shutter to be selectively adjustable to a partial opening position determined by angular displacement of the stop stop driving the assembly of the lever and the shutter.

 According to another embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned shutter is subjected to an elastic restoring force towards its maximum open or closed position and driven in rotation by a motor which is disengageable under the action of a trigger and which is actuated automatically by a flow regulator according to the fluid flow rate measured by a sensor in the valve.

The invention will be better understood and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which will follow of several particular presently preferred embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the system of the invention
- Figure 2 is an isolated perspective view of the frame to be sealed of the system of Figure 1
- Figure 2A is a partial perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the frame of Figure 2
- Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a wall through which are mounted two systems according to the invention, respectively in two opposite mounting positions
- Figure 4 is a side view of the valve alone of the system of Figure 1
- Figure 5 is a partial view in longitudinal section along the line VV of Figure 4
- Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of the valve control unit, without its protective cover
- Figure 7 is a developed plan view of one of the tubular elements of the valve body
- Figure 8 is a partial front view of the valve shutter
- Figure 9 is a side view and along the arrow
IX of the shutter of figure 8
- Figure 10 is an isolated front view of the intermediate frame of the shutter of Figure 9
- Figures 11A and 11B are functional block diagrams showing a fire damper of the invention respectively in its maximum open position and in its closed position
- Figure 12 is a functional block diagram showing a fire damper of the invention with fixed and selectively adjustable partial opening position
- Figure 13 is a functional block diagram showing a fire damper of the invention with a variable and automatically adjustable opening position; and
FIG. 14 represents a fragmentary perspective view of the device for triggering the shutter control mechanism according to arrow XIV in FIG. 6.

 According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the system of the invention comprises a valve 1 mounted through a sealing frame 2.

 Although the valve 1 and the frame 2 are shown here in a circular cylindrical shape, they can be of any cylindrical or prismatic shape in particular, for example of non-round cylindrical shape such as elliptical or oval or of polygonal cross section.

 The frame 2 can consist for example of a cylindrical metallic ferrule 3, for example of galvanized sheet steel for protection against corrosion.

 The ferrule 3 is provided at one of its ends with an annular rim radially projecting towards the outside forming a flange or plane flange 4 perpendicular to the axis of the ferrule.

 In FIG. 2A, a variant of the frame is shown in which a molding 4a replaces or is combined with the flange 4, this molding 4a being radially projecting outwards, peripheral and located in the vicinity of one end or not.

 Two metal covers, for example in the shape of an incomplete parallelepiped 5 and 6, radially project from the external lateral wall of the ferrule 3 at two diametrically opposite locations, preferably in line with two interruptions in the cylindrical wall of peripheral lengths corresponding substantially to those of the covers thus bridging the two cylindrical wall segments thus formed and are intended to cover respectively a protective mechanism cover 7 and the externally projecting end 8a of a pin 8 of a valve shutter (see FIG. 5). These covers are open at their base adjacent to the flange 4 and at least partially closed on the opposite side.

 One can provide end tabs 4b radially projecting outwards from the covers 5 and 6 above to serve as a stop and support.

 A plurality of sealing lugs 9 may be provided on the external lateral cylindrical face of the ferrule 3, being substantially tangent thereto and in the form of a fork, the branches 9a of which are bifurcable in opposite directions, and each leg of which may optionally be bent outward for example by simple manual deformation. There can thus be two pairs of identical legs arranged symmetrically with respect to the median longitudinal axis of the frame 2.

 The legs 9 of generally rectangular shape can be arranged parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame.

 A temporary frame 10 in the form of a solid or annular disc is removably temporarily fixed inside the shell 3 in particular by pinning for example by a few frangible weld points 10a in order to serve as a stiffening core of conjugate shape of the inner shape of the frame and preventing deformation of the frame 2 when it is inserted and sealed in a wall P (see FIG. 3).

 We see in Figure 3 that the frame 2 is sealed in a hole formed through the masonry wall P, but extends only partially in this hole without crossing it entirely.

 Indeed, the axial length of the frame 2 is substantially equal to that of the connection belt 11 of the valve 1 and may possibly be less than that of the wall to be crossed.

 The flange 4 is supported on one face of the masonry P and ensures precise positioning of the valve 1 through the wall P.

 It is clearly seen in FIG. 3 that the internal diameter of the frame 2 is greater than the external diameter of the connection belt 11 of the valve 1 amounting to free adjustment guided in the frame to provide between them an interval I which is filled with a binder in refractory material 12 ensuring on the one hand the fixing of the valve to the frame and on the other hand the thermal insulation between the frame 2 and the connection belt 11.

 The hole which is drilled in the wall P has a diameter corresponding substantially to the diameter of the circumference circumscribed at the covers or at the free ends of the different sealing tabs 9 in their deformed sealing position and the intermediate space between the ferrule 3 and the hole is filled with refractory grouting, for example in mortar or concrete.

 There is shown in broken lines in Figure 3 the external control unit 13 of the valve 1 mounted in the frame 2 preferably so that this housing is located on the side of the flange 4 of the frame.

 The covers 5 and 6 are embedded in the aforementioned refractory jointing and thus protect the control mechanism of the valve 1 against the risks of creep of the connecting masonry during its hardening.

 Referring more particularly to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the body of the valve 1 consists of two straight tubular elements 14, 15 for example of unequal lengths, respectively short and long, preferably of the same diameter, separated by a predetermined spacing E in the axial direction (see FIG. 5) and the proximal ends of which are connected externally in overlap by the aforementioned connection belt 11 constituted by a ferrule here generally cylindrical. To the long tubular element 15 is fixed externally the plate forming the bottom of the housing 13 on which is mounted the assembly of the control mechanism of the valve shutter.

 The connection belt 11 of defined axial length comprises two diametrically opposite holes for the respective passage of the bearings of the end ends 8a of the two pivot pins 8 respectively secured to a shutter 16 housed inside the valve 1.

 Two peripheral hollow moldings 17 project a rib projecting towards the inside of the connection belt 11 respectively in the vicinity of its two opposite axial ends so that the ribs 17 come into contact respectively with one of the proximal ends of the elements 14 and 15.

 The hollow ribs 17 are pierced with a determined plurality of uniformly spaced rectangular orifices 18 in a peripheral row to locally reduce and interrupt the thermal conduction between each tubular element 14 or 15 and the connection belt 11.

 The internal diameter of the hollow ribs 17 is substantially equal to the external diameter of the tubular elements 14 and 15 in order to ensure an appropriate mechanical adjustment between them.

 The connection belt 11 further comprises, substantially in its middle part, for example two parallel circular rows, axially spaced and relatively close to perforations 19 regularly spaced and preferably uniformly offset alternately from one row to another.

 The perforations 19, in particular identical rectangular ones, also contribute to locally interrupting the thermal conduction between the two tubular elements 14 and 15.

 During mounting of the valve 1 in the associated frame 2, the binder of refractory material 12 fills the empty spaces formed by the openings 18 and the perforations 19, which ensures the fluid tightness of the valve 1.

 It can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5 that a bracket 20 is externally attached locally by welding by a wing on the connection belt 11 while being traversed by the projecting end 8a of the journal 8 opposite the journal connected to the control mechanism, l 'other wing, radially projecting outwards and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the valve, serving as positioning wedge and stop against the corresponding edge of the cover 6 of the frame 2 while the protective cover 7 (Figure 1) is provided, on each of its two opposite lateral faces, with a projecting tab serving as a stop against the corresponding edge of the cover 5.

 It can be seen in FIG. 5 that the two peripheral ribs 17 delimit between the internal face of the connection belt 11 and the proximal ends of the two tubular elements 14 and 15, an annular intermediate space 21 in which is housed a filling filling made of material thermally insulating such as a compressed ceramic fiber 22 or equivalent forming a joint cover for the spacing interval E.

 The shortest tubular element 14 comprises, in the vicinity of its proximal end, a peripheral molding forming a stiffening rib 23 radially projecting outwards, against which abuts one of the internal ribs 17 of the connection belt 11, the rim of which extreme free covers the rib 23.

 The rib 23 is fixed, for example by spot welding, to this end flange of the connection belt 11, while the flange at the opposite end of the latter remains radially spaced from the external lateral surface of the longest tubular member 15.

 Another such notably identical peripheral rib 24 is provided in the vicinity of the distal end of each of the elements 14 and 15 and intended to serve as a stop for the neighboring sheath section coming to fit on this end of the tubular element for connection to it.

 The element 15 is represented in FIG. 7 in a form developed in plan and comprises at its proximal end several parallel peripheral rows, in particular five, of perforations 25 regularly spaced and offset alternately from one row to the other, as well as two diametrically opposed and coaxially aligned holes 26 for the respective passage of the journals 8 each received in a smooth bearing bearing 8c by a ring or nozzle, in particular in bronze passing through the valve body and bearing by a base against the internal face of the side wall of the long tubular element 15 being fixed to said body for example by a split elastic ring external stop of the circlip type.

 The perforations 25 are arranged in line with the filling lining 22 and serve both to locally interrupt the thermal conduction, to dissipate part of the heat in the wall and to protect this lining against excessive heating.

 Returning to FIG. 5, it can be seen that an annular seal made of thermally insulating and intumescent material 27 covers the internal lateral wall of the long element 15 in line with the disc-shaped shutter 16, being crossed by the pins 8 and their bearing base 8c.

 This annular seal 27 is itself locally covered, in line with each of the pins 8, by a washer forming a seal, in particular ceramic 28 interposed between the bearing base and the shutter.

 Two semi-annular aeraulic seals 29 made of flexible self-extinguishing foam material are fixed to the internal lateral wall of the valve body, for example by gluing and optionally by a central retaining tab 29a, on either side of the shutter disc 16 and symmetrically with respect to the center thereof, so that the latter simultaneously bears against them in the closed position respectively by its opposite faces.

 The air seals 29 also serve as an angular end-of-travel stop for the shutter 16 in the closed position.

 We will now describe the structure of the shutter member 16 with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10.

 The shutter 16 here of circular shape has a sandwich type structure composed of two layers of refractory material 30 separated by an intermediate reinforcing frame 31 such as a metal disc forming a core.

 The intermediate frame 31 can be made of a sheet of steel, preferably galvanized, in which two elongated straight recess coaxial and aligned 32 are formed radially from two diametrically opposite sides of the frame to receive the internal ends of the pins 8.

 The pins 8 are taken in the yoke in the obturator disc 16 between the two layers of refractory material 30 which are held tight against one another by means of fixing bolts 33 whose end heads are supported on external pressure distribution plates 34, the bolts 33 passing through the pins 8 and the shutter disc 16 right through.

 The intermediate frame 31 is further pierced with a plurality of round holes 35 preferably uniformly distributed in a determined pitch along at least one concentric circumference of the frame and possibly a central hole 37 to allow passage staples or U-shaped studs (not shown) for assembling the two layers of refractory material 30 with the intermediate plate 31 respectively from the two opposite external faces of the shutter.

 The frame 31 further comprises rectangular or oblong openings 36 advantageously regularly distributed along several concentric circumferences of the frame over the major part of the surface thereof, as is clearly shown in FIG. 10.

 The distribution, the relative positions and the individual orientations and dimensions of the lights 36 are determined so as to obtain a controlled directional thermal deformation of the frame 31 making it possible to obtain the suppression of the flow rates of air or hot gas leaks during '' a fire in a sheath by improving the peripheral sealing of contact of the shutter in the closed position with the sheath.

 In the absence of such perforations, the heat dissipation by thermal transfer would be random and disordered, in particular causing a warping or a wavy embossing of the reinforcement.

 Note in FIG. 10 that the length of the rectangular slots 36 decreases as it approaches the center of the frame.

 The distribution and the individual individual dimensions of the lights 36 on the surface of the frame 31 cannot be described simply, their configuration as shown in FIG. 10 is an integral part of the present invention.

 Provision may be made, for example, for the abovementioned round holes 35 to be spaced at an angle O substantially equal to 600.

 The two external layers 30 are fixed to the internal reinforcement 31 in addition by an auxiliary adhesive connection by means of an adhesive based on refractory product filling the holes 35 and 37 and the openings 36. These layers of refractory material practically do not undergo no thermal expansion because their coefficient of expansion is negligible.

 For example, the refractory materials of the shutter must withstand temperatures from 7500C to 14000C according to the international standard I.S.O. 834.

 The following describes the shutter control mechanism 16 with reference to FIGS. 5, 6 and 14.

 The externally projecting end 8b of the journal 8 actuated in rotation is covered by the protective cover 7 and secured to a first radial arm 38 which extends perpendicular to the axis of the journal 8, which first arm 38 is connected in a manner articulated at one end of a second arm 39 by means of a link 40.

 The second arm 39 is connected by its other end to a pivoting axis 41 which passes through the plate 13b of the aforementioned control unit 13 while being mounted rotating therein by one end. This plate is bolted to a longitudinal console 13c welded to the external lateral face of the tubular element 15.

 The length of the link 40 between the articulation axes being equal to the distance separating the pivoting axis 41 from the axis of the journal 8, the assembly of arms 38 and 39 and of the link 40 substantially forms the three movable sides an articulated parallelogram.

 A helical spring 42 for returning to the closed position of the shutter is mounted coaxially around the axis 41 in the control unit 13, its two opposite extreme turns being supported or being hooked by their ends respectively to the housing and to a lever actuator 43 integral with the free end of the axis 41 inside the control box 13.

 The lever 43 is bent in a U at its free end to accommodate, between the two branches of the U, a helical compression spring 44 which resiliently urges an elongated blade 45 in application against the lever. This blade has an angled end angled forming a transverse tab passing through a transverse conjugate orifice in the lever 43 with a clearance allowing the movement of the blade to move away from or closer to the lever. This blade 45 thus articulated through its opposite outer part, a rectangular orifice of the transverse wall of the U, which orifice is oriented and dimensioned so as to allow this movement. This elongated blade 45 projects from the lever 43 and extends beyond the curved end of the lever 43.

 FIG. 5 shows a particular thermal trip device 46 consisting of an axially sliding rod 47, one end of which projects inside the long tubular element 15 and the other end of which protrudes into the control unit 13 in crossing the plate 13b.

 The rod 47 slides in the transverse tab 48a in a guide support 48 fixed to the plate 13b and passing through the side wall of the tubular element 15. The free inner end of the support 48 is bent at right angles, forming said transverse tab. A helical return compression spring 49 surrounds the portion of rod 47 protruding from the lug 48a inward, bearing by its opposite ends respectively on a collar (formed for example by a split stop ring such as a circlip ) of the rod 47 and on the corresponding face of the tab 48a. A metal wire of memory alloy with a shape known per se 50 is helically wound around the rod 47 between the other face of the tab 48a and an intermediate collar 47b (such as a circlip) of said rod.

 The thermal trip device 46 is thus likely to be exposed to a fire, so that a rise in temperature will cause the expansion therefore the elongation of the helical wire 50 which will push, to the left in FIG. 5, the rod 47 by overcoming the opposing force of the return spring 49. When the heating of the alloy 50 ceases, it will shorten as it cools and the return spring 49 will return the rod 47 to its right position in FIG. 5 .

 The free end of the rod 47 which is inside the control unit 13 is provided with two axially spaced parallel collars 51 between which is mounted with play a transverse tongue 68 for releasing the actuation lever 43, traversed with play by said rod by allowing said tongue 68 an angular movement parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod.

 Referring now more particularly to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the free end of the blade 45 is retained in a notch 52a in the shape of a U, which notch is formed in a plate 52 tilting relative to a through axis 53 of so that the lever is thus retained in the open position of the shutter 16, that is to say on the left in FIG. 6, in the case of the valve used in firebreak.

 Figure 6 shows the control unit 13 without its closure cover 13a.

 When the plate 52 rocks on the axis 53, the associated notch 52a disappears and releases the blade 45 therefore the actuation lever 43 which is rotated around the axis 41 to the right in FIG. 6 under the action of the return spring 42, which causes the simultaneous rotary movement of the shutter 16 in the closed position.

 Of course, if the valve 1 is used as a smoke extraction valve, the position of the lever 43 on the left in FIG. 6 corresponds to the closed position of the shutter 16 and this lever, when it is released, will be recalled by its spring 42 towards its open position on the right in FIG. 6.

 The plate 52 supports the base of a solenoid forming an electromagnet coil 54 which is magnetically attracted against a disc forming a relatively fixed frame 55 secured by bolting a second plate 56 also articulated on the axis 53, so that the two plates 52 and 56 are thus joined by the assembly of the coil 54 and its frame 55.

 The set of plates 52 and 56 is supported by a support plate 57 secured to the plate 13b perpendicular to the latter via the axis 53.

 The aforementioned release tongue 68 which is retained by the collars 51 of the rod 47, retractably retains the second plate 56 in a position where the blade 45 is retained by the notch 52a of the first plate 52. For this purpose, the free end of the tongue 68 crosses with clearance a slot 57a (FIG. 14) of the support plate 57 by projecting therefrom up to under the lower edge of the plate 56 to retain the latter in the blocking position of the blade 45. To the upper face of the tongue 68 is fixed a hook 68a (FIGS. 5 and 14) by which the tongue is suspended from the upper edge of the support plate 57 with a clearance allowing the hook to pivot around said upper edge to deviate angularly from the support plate 57. When the rod 47 of the thermal release 46 pushes the corresponding end of the tongue 68 upwards, this tongue, thanks to the concomitant tilting of its hook 68a autou r of the upper edge of the support plate 57 and thanks to the games of the tongue respectively in the slot 57a and between the two collars 57 on the rod 47, will take an inclined position, so that its aforementioned free end will withdraw from below the lower edge of the plate 56 while remaining engaged in the slot 57a. The plate 56 being thus freed, the assembly integral with the plates 52 and 56 will tilt downwards by gravity effect, thus retracting the stop notch 52a to release the lever 43.

 The triggering of the lever 43 can also be caused by excitation or de-excitation of the electromagnet coil 54 producing a repulsion force or a cessation of magnetic attraction between coil 54 and armature 55 therefore a separation between coil and armature, so that the plate 52 thus separated from the plate 56, will tilt down on the axis 53 while the plate 56 will remain retained in the high position by the tongue 68.

 FIG. 6 also shows a manual triggering member accessible from the outside 58 and with return spring 58a, forming a Z-shaped puller, one of the bent ends of which is capable of lifting the free end of the blade 45 to against the compression force of the spring 44 in order to disengage the blade 45 from the aforementioned notch 52a to release the lever 43.

 The housing 13 further comprises an electric reclosing motor 59, the motor shaft 59a of which is capable of pivoting a reclosing arm 59b enabling the actuating lever 43 to be brought back from the right to the left, when the mechanism has been previously triggered because of a fire for example.

 Of course, the electric motor 59 can be replaced by a compressed fluid cylinder, a rack and pinion system or even a crank rod system.

 There is a contact 60 for the angular end-of-travel position of the lever 43 to the right in FIG. 6. The control unit 13 also includes a contact for the angular end-of-travel position in the opposite direction, that is to say towards the left which is not visible in this figure.

These contacts respectively produce a signal, for example a luminous signal, by lighting a warning lamp indicating at a distance the relative position of the shutter and / or causing the electric motor 59 to stop.

 There are indicated at 61 through bushings for the entry of electric cables intended to be connected to a connection terminal block 62 which is electrically connected to the pulse or break coil 54, to the electric reclosing motor 59 and to the end contacts. angular stroke 60.

 The housing 13 is therefore equipped here with a double triggering system of the lever 43, namely the thermal trigger 46 actuated by the expansion of the part 50 and the electromagnetic trigger 54 actuated by the separation of the coil 54 from the frame 55 .

 The electromagnet trigger allows remote control triggering of the lever 43, for example from a temperature sensor.

 When the thermal trip device 46 is used, the set of plates 52 and 56 switches on the axis 53 because the coil 54 remains attached to the frame 55.

 It would also be possible, instead of the piece of shape memory alloy, in particular monocrystalline 50, to use a thermal trigger with a fuse made of eutectic alloy based in particular on copper and tin, the melting of which causes the triggering action.

 The thermal trigger thus ensures automatic triggering of the lever 43 when the temperature exceeds a predetermined value.

 The hole for the thermal trip device 46 through the longest tubular element 15 has been indicated at 63 (see FIG. 7).

 Figures 11 to 13 illustrate the various possible functions of the valve according to the invention.

 The operation of the valve 1 of the invention in its use as a fire stop has been indicated schematically and functionally in FIGS. 11A and 11B.

 In the normal operating position, as illustrated in FIG. 11A, the shutter 16 is in the maximum open position allowing the air flow according to arrow F; the trigger lever 43 is both subjected to a restoring force towards its closed position by the spring 42, and retained in the open position by the trigger 46 or 54, 56.

 When the trigger 46 or 54, 56 is actuated, the actuation lever 43 is released and the shutter is brought back into abutment against the air seals 29 by the return spring 42, as illustrated in FIG. 11B.

 FIG. 12 represents an alternative embodiment of the valve 1 of the invention, in which the shutter 16 is selectively adjustable in a fixed partial opening position, so as to ensure a constant pressure drop coefficient determined in a given sheath .

 This selective adjustment of the position of the shutter 16 is obtained by modifying the relative angular position of the shutter 16 relative to the lever 43 which remains in its initial position.

 FIG. 13 represents yet another alternative embodiment of the valve 1, in which the position of the shutter 16 is infinitely variable and automatically adjusted as a function of certain ambient conditions, such as the temperature or the air flow, by a device motorized servo control 64.

 In this case, the valve 1 is equipped with a probe 65 for measuring, for example, the dynamic pressure of the fluid upstream of the shutter in the sheath, said probe emitting a corresponding electrical or pneumatic signal to an electrical or pneumatic regulating system of flow 66 controlling in response an adjusting member (electric motor or pneumatic cylinder) 64 varying the angular position of the shutter 16.

 The function illustrated by FIGS. 11A and 11B can be combined either with the function illustrated by FIG. 12 or with the function illustrated by FIG. 13.

 When the thermal trip device 46 is actuated, it excites an electric or pneumatic cut-off relay 67 which has the function of disengaging the motor 64, thereby releasing the shutter 16 which is returned to its closed position by a return spring.

 Of course, the operation of the thermal trip device 46 and of the electromagnet trip device 54 has priority over the selective or automatic adjustment of the partially open position of the shutter 16.

 The present invention has the particular advantage of providing a single type of multifunctional valve capable of ensuring both the functions of firebreak or smoke extraction and the selective or automatic adjustment functions of partial opening of the shutter.

 Although the present invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that the invention includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if these fall within the scope of the claims which follow.

Claims (19)

 1. Valve shutter (16) consisting of two layers of refractory material (30) separated by an intermediate flat reinforcing plate forming a metallic core (31) on which two coaxially aligned pivot pins (8) pivotally mounted of the shutter, characterized in that the intermediate plate (31) is pierced with rectangular or oblong openings (36) distributed, preferably regularly, along several concentric circumferences so that the ratio of full and empty area remains constant over the entire surface of the shutter, whatever the size and from one circumference to another.  2. Shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the orientation, the distribution, and the relative positions and the individual dimensions of the lights are in accordance with FIG. 10.  3. A shutter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate plate (31) is also pierced with several holes (35) preferably spaced uniformly for the passage of staples used to assemble the two layers of refractory material ( 30) with the intermediate plate (31), the aforementioned holes (35) and the openings (36) being embedded in an adhesive based on refractory products.  4. Valve (1) provided with a shutter (16), characterized in that the body of the valve consists of two tubular elements (14, 15) coaxially aligned, separated by a predetermined spacing (E), the proximal ends of these elements being connected externally in partial overlap by a connection belt (11) which comprises, in the vicinity of each of its two opposite ends, a peripheral hollow rib (17) pierced with a plurality of openings (18) regularly spaced each rib projecting towards the inside of the belt and coming into contact with the proximal end of one of the two aforementioned tubular elements, a lining made of thermally insulating and preferably refractory material (22) filling the delimited peripheral intermediate space between, on the one hand, the two ribs (17) and, on the other hand, the internal face of the connection belt (11) and the proximal ends of the two tubular elements (14, 15).  5. Valve according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one peripheral row of preferably identical perforations regularly spaced (19) is provided substantially in the center of the connection belt (11) and in line with the aforementioned lining (22 ).  6. Valve according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least one row of regularly spaced perforations (25) is formed peripherally in the vicinity of the proximal end of one (15) of the two tubular elements and at right of the aforementioned packing (22).  7. Valve according to claim 6, characterized in that an annular seal made of thermally insulating and intumescent material (27) internally covers the row or rows of perforations (25) of the associated tubular element (15).  8. Valve according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the aforesaid perforations (19, 25) are formed in several parallel rows axially spaced apart, for example uniformly, the perforations being offset alternately from one row to 1 'other.  9. Fire or smoke damper with compartmentalization function by shutter with all-or-nothing action, characterized in that it can be combined with keeping the shutter in a fixed or variable partial opening position by automatic regulation to ensure a constant pressure drop coefficient at least currently for a given local situation.  10. Valve according to claim 9, characterized in that the aforementioned shutter (16) is integral in rotation with an actuating lever (43) which is subjected to an elastic restoring force (42) towards the position of maximum opening or closing of the shutter, and which is retained in the normal operating position by a retractable stop (52a) under the action of a trigger (46), the relative angular position of the shutter by relative to the actuating lever which remains retained in its stop being variable by selective adjustment to move the shutter to a determined partial opening position.  11. Valve according to claim 9, characterized in that the aforementioned shutter (16) is subjected to an elastic restoring force (42) towards its maximum open or closed position and driven in rotation towards an open position variable by a motor (64) which is disengageable under the action of a trip device (46) and which is automatically actuated by a flow regulator (66) according to the fluid flow rate measured by a sensor (65) in the valve .  12. Valve according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that its body conforms to the valve according to one of claims 4 to 8.  13. Valve according to any one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a shutter according to one of claims 1 to 3.  14. System of a frame (2) to be sealed in a wall opening opening (P) and of a valve (1) provided with a shutter (16) to be mounted in said frame, characterized in that the frame (2) is provided with a radially outward and peripheral protruding part (4, 4a) serving to position the frame in and relative to the wall (P) and, on its external lateral face, with a plurality of sealing lugs (9), in that the internal lateral face of the frame is spaced from the external lateral face of the valve by an annular gap (I) intended to be filled with a binder of refractory material (12) and preferably thermally insulating and in that the valve performs the function of compartmentalization with a firebreak and smoke extraction effect.  15. System according to claim 13, characterized in that the aforementioned radially projecting part is an end flange (4) serving as a stop and support on one face of the wall and / or a molding (4a) in the vicinity of one end and intended to be embedded in the wall.  16. System according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that two covers (5, 6) protrude from the external lateral wall of the frame from two opposite sides of the latter, to cover on the one hand an end ( 8a) pivot shaft (8) projecting from the shutter (16) of the valve (1) and, on the other hand, a control mechanism (38, 39, 40) connected externally to the other end ( 8b) pivot shaft (8) of the shutter.  17. System according to claims 15 and 16, characterized in that in the case of the molding, at least one aforementioned cover is provided with an end tab (4b) radially projecting outwards and serving as a stop stop and support on one face of the wall.  18. System according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the sealing lugs (9) are substantially tangent at least initially to the external face of the frame (2) and in the form of a fork whose branches (9a) are bifurcable in opposite directions.  19. System according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the valve conforms to any one of claims 4 to 13.