FR2728032A1 - Automatic locking support for coupling heavy objects onto carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

The support consists of a series of pieces placed longitudinally about the carrier. These comprise a first collar (2) having a plane face perpendicular to the longitudinal axis on which is supported a jaw (3) broken by a longitudinal space (16) having a section of a right angled triangle. The two faces of this space corresponding to the sides of the right angle are supported on the plane face of the collar and on the wall of the carrier. The third face, corresponding to the hypotenuse, is in contact with a second collar (6) whose internal wall (19) makes an angle corresponding to that of the jaw third face. The two collars are brought together by clamping (8) which causes the jaw to be driven inside the second collar and a contracting of the collar internal diameter. This allows clamping of the jaw around the carrier to form an automatic lock. A brace (7) fitting the external geometry of the collars allows coupling heavy pieces onto the support.

Description

 The present invention relates to supports for the attachment of objects including heavy parts, on a carrier element of elongated shape and constant section, for example cylindrical, especially when the support and the element are both metallic.

 The attachment of metal objects on a vertical cylindrical element, such as a mast, a pole, a terminal, a tube, etc ... supposes the prior fixing of a support outside this element.

 The present adaptable supports can be classified in two broad categories: those whose fixing requires the modification of the surface or the structure of said element and those which leave it intact.

 The supports of the first category concern the fixing of the support for example by direct bolting on the cylindrical element previously perforated, or by welding said support on the cylinder.

Such supports have the disadvantage of weakening or weakening the element, by modifying its resistance, at the very place where the part hooked will make it bear additional lateral forces, tearing or shearing.

 The metal supports of the second category contain for example the clamps, flexible parts surrounding the cylindrical element and closed by direct or indirect screwing, or the half-collars, assembled against each other by bolts. Such supports can not participate without risk in the attachment of heavy loads; in addition, in the event of temperature variations creating different expansions or retractions depending on the various metal parts in the presence, the collar loosens and slides along the cylindrical element being able to cause the fall of the object if said element is arranged vertically.

 The object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks by proposing a support applicable to the support of heavy loads on a carrier element of elongated shape and constant section, for example cylindrical, without modifying the surface or structure, and their holding in a fixed position, whatever the external environment (temperature, bad weather, ...).

 The support for the attachment of objects on a carrier element of elongated shape and constant section according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a series of parts arranged longitudinally around said element - a first collar having a flat face perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, on which are supported one or more intermediate parts forming a jaw, interrupted by at least one longitudinal space, with an approximately rectangular cross section, the two faces corresponding to the sides of the right angle resting on the flat face of the first collar and on the wall of the carrier element, and a third face, corresponding to the hypotenuse, being in contact with - a second collar, whose inner wall is, with the axis longitudinal, an angle substantially corresponding to that of the third face of the jaw, in that the two collars are moved longitudinally from each other grâc e clamping means causing a depression of the jaw inside the second collar and a narrowing of the inner diameter of the latter, which thus allows the clamping of said jaw around the carrier element forming a self-locking support, and in that it is associated with at least one means for fixing the object or objects to be hooked.

 The carrier element may have a section of any shape, for example elliptical, circular, triangular, square, or in the form of a polygon, etc. Preferably, the carrier element is a cylinder and the collars and the jaws are circular.

 The collars may themselves consist of one or more pieces, for example screwed together. Advantageously, each collar consists of a single piece.

 According to a variant of the invention, said jaw consists of a single circular piece, interrupted by a longitudinal gap, forming a game, which reduces the diameter of the latter when it penetrates inside the second collar.

 According to other variants of the invention, the jaw consists of at least two intermediate pieces, each supporting a part of the distribution of the clamping forces. In the case where the element is cylindrical, the internal curvature of each piece the jaw generally applies to a portion of the outer circumference of said cylindrical member. The said parts can for example be two, three, five, ... ten or more ... Their number is in particular a function of the compromise sought between the quality of the clamping and the ease of assembly of the parts.

 Preferably, said jaw consists of two pieces.

 According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the collar and the jaw are integral with each other by forming a single piece.

Of course, the perimeter of this part is then interrupted by at least one longitudinal space allowing the clearance required for tightening. In this type of embodiment, the number of said longitudinal spaces is preferably equal to or greater than two.

 The support of the present invention is called self-locking, or "self-locking", because the greater the longitudinal force of bringing the two collars together, the more the jaw fits into the second collar, and the diameter of this jaw narrows : it then marries more the outer periphery of the carrier element and blocks all the better support on the latter.

 This longitudinal force is increased if the carrier element is arranged vertically; indeed, the weight of the different parts and that of the object or objects hung there are added by gravity. In this situation, the heavier the object hung, the greater the longitudinal force and the greater the tightening. This fundamentally distinguishes the support of the present invention from those of the prior art which see a weakening of their clamping with the weight of the object supported.

 According to a preferred construction of the support of the invention, the third face of the jaw, as well as the inner wall of the second collar (these two surfaces are in contact with each other) make with the longitudinal axis a neighboring angle If this angle is too small, the clamping capacity is weakened.

 The clamping means of the two collars between them may be bolts, lugs, screws, external clamps, eccentric cams ... or any means for bringing the collars closer to each other, thereby bringing together the jaw parts or parts towards said carrier element.

 Preferably, the first and second collars are pierced with orifices, for example circular, and the clamping means are bolts whose rods pass through orifices that face each other.

Preferably, these orifices are at least two in number to maintain the two parallel collars.

 Preferably, the inner walls of the two collars of the support have an outwardly flared portion.

 According to a particular configuration of the self-locking support according to the invention, the outer surfaces of the first and second collars have cradles that can accommodate at least one fastening means.

 Fixing means means the one or more pieces that will fit the said support, and on which will be fixed the object or objects that are to hang on the carrier element.

 These so-called cradles are hollow forms intended to receive the fastening means which are in relief and which each consist of a spacer in the form of a chair arranged against the external face of a collar, facing the carrier element, whose unique backrest, front foot and back foot are located along the longitudinal axis, the triangular front foot fitting between the wall of the load-bearing member and the flared portion of the collar, the back foot being placing against the outer wall of a cradle, the seat having a protruding s> inserting inside said cradle and through a hole for receiving the rod of a clamping bolt said collars and the backrest being pierced with a hole for hanging the object.

 Such a spacer is also self-locking, since on the one hand, its "foot" before is wedged between the flared face of a collar and the outer surface of the cylindrical element, and secondly, its "foot" back and the outgrowth of the "seat" surrounds the outer wall of the cradle: it can not leave its housing, so it hangs itself.

 According to another particular configuration of the self-locking support according to the present invention, the outer surfaces of the first and second collars have protrusions which can be inserted into at least one fastening means which consists of a spacer in the form of a chair arranged against the surface external of a collar facing the carrier element whose unique backrest, front foot and rear foot are located along the longitudinal axis, the triangular front foot fitting between the wall of the carrier element and the flared portion of the collar, the rear foot being placed against the outer wall of an outgrowth, the seat having a cavity enclosing said protrusion and traversed by an orifice for receiving the rod of a clamping bolt of said collars and the folder being pierced with a hole for the attachment of the object.

 The complementary geometric configurations of the collars and the spacer make said spacer fit perfectly in each collar. It is then itself attached to the set - 1st collar-jaw - 2nd collar - by the same bolt that brings the two collars together, or by another bolt.

 In the case where the carrier element is arranged vertically, the spacer is simply placed on the second collar which is then the upper collar, and is fixed to the rest of the support by bolting. Even if the object attached to the "back" of said spacer is a very heavy part, the "feet" thereof participate in blocking without imposing lateral force on the bolt rod that passes through the spacer and the collars.

 It can advantageously have two spacers vis-à-vis, that is to say, along the same longitudinal axis, on each of the two collars, to thereby hang the object at two points through a double attachment to said support.

 It is also advantageous to place several self-locking supports, for example two, on the same carrier element to fix a single object.

 The nature of the materials forming the different parts of the self-locking support according to the invention can be very varied. However, preferably the first and the second collars are of rigid material, in particular capable of withstanding a high load.

 They can be for example cast iron, steel, cast steel, iron, etc ... For the jaws, the fan is wider since they can be of the same material as the collars, or rubber, plastic (such as polyurethane , polyethylene, PVC, Kraton, ...) or even wood. The list is in no way limiting.

 The industrial applications of the self-locking support according to the invention are numerous. It can notably be mentioned the attachment of heavy parts on poles, poles, cylindrical terminals, etc ... Such pieces can be for example, in the field of street furniture, garbage cans, billboards or advertising, benches, elements for bicycle garages, etc., or in industrial installations, elements of reactors, columns, or in the field of building scaffolding, hoists, tubular constructions, etc.

 It is also possible to lengthen bearing elements or to consolidate or repair such elements, for example metal elements, by simultaneously using several self-locking supports.

The invention will be better understood and other characteristics thereof will be demonstrated with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, illustrating, by way of non-limiting example, how the invention can be made and in which Figure 1 is an exploded view of all the parts of the
self-locking support Figures 2 and 2a are views, respectively from above and
in cross-section of the upper collar, FIG. 3 shows a jaw formed of two parts, seen from above,
placed on the lower collar and Figure 3a the section of
this jaw, FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of the lower face of the
lower collar Figure 5 (5a to 5b) different views of the spacer
Figure 5a: top view; figure 5b: view in
cut according to BB; Figure 3c: bottom view in
perspective; FIG. 5d: view of the internal face and FIG. 5e
top view.

 The example presented here is a self-locking support intended to adapt to a cylindrical element such as a road terminal used in the agglomerations to block a way to traffic. We will describe its arrangement along the vertical axis which is the axis of said cylindrical terminal.

 Figure 1 shows all the parts of this self-locking support (1) arranged superimposed around the terminal, not shown.

 There is successively a first collar here called lower collar (2), a jaw (3) consisting of two parts (4) and (5), the second collar, here called upper collar (6), one or more spacers (7) and finally the clamping bolts (8). The rods (9) of these bolts (8) pass through the orifices of the spacers (7), the upper collar (6) and the lower collar (2).

 The lower collar (2) is circular. Its upper face is flat and pierced here with six orifices (11), at least two of which are diametrically opposed, distributed symmetrically around the collar. Its underside, shown in Figure 4, has the shape of a crown with six cradles (12) in the form of half elongated circles whose opening is oriented towards the cylindrical member. The six orifices (11) open into each cradle.

 The lower inner wall (13) of this collar (2) flares outwardly at an angle of about 30 to the vertical.

 The jaw (3) of the self-locking support is shown in FIG.

It consists of two pieces (4) and (5), each having the shape of an incomplete half-circle, which come to rest on the upper face of the lower collar (2) schematized in dashed lines. The inner face (14) of the jaw (3) is vertical. Its section, shown schematically in FIG. 3a, has the approximate shape of a right-angled triangle whose right-angled sides delimited by the internal face (14) and the base (15) respectively adapt to the vertical wall. external terminal and the upper face of the first collar (2). The ends of the two pieces of the jaw (3) are separated from each other by a vertical space (16), a clearance that the jaw (3) will be able to partially catch up when tightening the terminal, by The third face (17) corresponding to the hypotenuse of the triangle makes with the vertical an angle close to 15 ".

 The upper collar (6) (Figure 2) is also circular, of inner and outer diameters substantially equal to those of the lower collar (2). I1 also has a crown leaving cradles (12) six in number on its upper face, pierced with orifices (10) for bolting.

 Its inner wall is divided into two parts: the upper part (18) tapers outwards, like the lower inner wall (13) of the first collar (2) by an angle of about 30, and the lower part (13) 19), visible in Figure 2a deviates from the vertical by an angle approximately equal to that of the outer face (17) of the jaw (3), that is to say here about 15 ".

 It is this wall (19) which, when the upper collar (6) is placed on the jaw (3), comes to slide by pressing on its outer face (17), and thus close the two parts (4) and (5). ) of said jaw (3). This approximation of the parts (4) and (5) to the terminal allows to tighten the support around the latter and thus ensure its attachment to the desired height.

 Figures 5a to 5e show the spacer (7) which is the fastening means of the part that is to hang at 1 cylindrical terminal.

 This spacer (7) has the approximate shape of a chair having a vertical back (20), a horizontal seat (21), a single front foot (22), and a rear foot (23) also unique, the chair being arranged horizontally, facing the terminal, and placed on one of the cradles of the upper collar (6). It can also adapt to the cradles (12) of the lower collar (2).

 For this purpose, the two vertical feet surround said cradle (12).

The front leg (2) is of triangular vertical section, and fits between the outer wall of the cylindrical terminal, and the upper flared portion (18) of the upper collar (6) (or the lower flared portion (13) of the collar lower (2)). The inner face (24 of the spacer (7) is curved to correspond to the rounding of the outer wall of the cylindrical terminal.

 The rear foot (23) matches the outer face of the cradle (12). An excrescence (25) of the underside of the seat is inserted inside the cradle (12). Therefore, the spacer (7), placed on the upper collar (6) is self-locking by its different bearing surfaces on said collar (6). The bolt whose rod passes through the central orifice (26) of the spacer (7), is here only to complete the vertical approximation of the different parts of the support between them and not to retain them.

 The object to be hooked is fixed by means of a hole (27) pierced in the backrest (20) of the spacer (7). This hole (27) can be circular (Cf.

Figure 5c), or have the form of a slot (see Figure 1) or any other form.

 The various parts of the self-locking support shown in this example are made of cast iron. However, for the same function and with equivalent support performance, it is possible to use other materials, in particular for the jaw. Plastic jaw tests such as PVC, polyurethane, polyethylene, or Kraton have given excellent results. Indeed, the Kraton has interesting mechanical properties (it "inflates" after compression between the two collars, so it is self-locking by itself) and chemical (resistance to UV and weather, appreciable for road elements).

 The arrangement of the cradles (12) around the two necklaces allows the attachment "in bundles", that is to say, simultaneous, of several parts, such as garbage cans, benches, bicycle garage, ashtrays, ... on a same cylindrical terminal and therefore multiple applications, in the field of street furniture.

Claims (12)

 1) Support for the attachment of objects on a carrier element of elongate shape and constant section characterized in that it comprises a series of parts arranged longitudinally around the said element - a first collar (2) having a plane face perpendicularly at the longitudinal axis, on which are supported one or more intermediate parts forming a jaw (3), interrupted by at least one longitudinal space (16), with an approximately rectangular cross section, the two faces (14 , 15) corresponding to the sides of the right angle resting on the flat face of the first collar and on the wall of the carrier element, and a third face (17), corresponding to the hypotenuse, being in contact with - a second collar (6), the inner wall (19) of which, with the longitudinal axis, an angle corresponding substantially to that of the third face (17) of the jaw (3), and in that the two collars ( 2,6) are brought closer longitudinally each other by means of clamping means causing a depression of the jaw (3) inside the second collar (6) and a narrowing of the inner diameter of the latter, which thus allows the clamping of said jaw (3) around the carrier element forming a self-locking support and in that it is associated with at least one fastening means of the object or objects to hang.  2) self-locking support according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate parts forming the jaw (3) are at least two (4,5), separated from one another by longitudinal spaces (16). ).  3) self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the third face (17) of the jaw (3) and the inner wall (19) of the second collar (6) do with the axis longitudinal angle close to 15 ".  4) self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first and second collars (2,6) are pierced with orifices (11,12) and in that the clamping means are bolts (8) whose rods (9) pass through openings facing each other  5) self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inner walls of the two collars (2,6) have a flared portion (13,18) to the outside.  6) self-locking support according to claim 5, characterized in that the outer surfaces of the first and second collars (2,6) have cradles (12) accommodating at least one fastening means which consists of a spacer (7) in the form of a chair arranged against the outer surface of a collar facing the carrying element, whose backrest (20), the front foot (22) and the rear foot (23) are located along the longitudinal axis, the front foot (22), of triangular shape, fitting between the wall of the carrier member and the flared portion (13, 18) of the collar, the rear foot (23) being placed against the outer wall of a cradle ( 12), the seat (21) having an outgrowth (25) fitting inside said cradle (12) and passing through an orifice (26) to receive the rod of a bolt (8) for clamping said collars (2,6) and the backrest (20) being pierced with a hole (27) for fastening the object.  7) Self-locking support according to claim 5, characterized in that the outer surfaces of the first and second collars (2,6) have protrusions which can be inserted into at least one fastening means which consists of a spacer (7). in the form of a chair arranged against the outer surface of a collar facing the carrying element, whose backrest (20), the front foot (22) and the rear foot (23) are located along the longitudinal axis, the fore foot (22), of triangular shape, fitting between the wall of the carrier member and the flared portion of the collar, the rear foot (23) being placed against the outer wall of an outgrowth, the seat having a cavity enclosing said protrusion and passing through an orifice (26) to receive the rod of a bolt (8) for clamping said collars (2,6) and the backrest (20) being pierced with a hole (27), for the hanging of the object.  8) self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first and second collars (2,6) are of rigid material, in particular capable of withstanding a heavy load.  9) Self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the carrier element is cylindrical and the collars (2,6) and jaw (3) are circular.  10) Application of the self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to the attachment of heavy parts.  11) Application of the self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to the extension of carrier elements.  12) Application of the self-locking support according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or 11 to the consolidation and repair of elements.