FR2719860A3 - Method of construction using logs - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly procedure consists of raising from the cylindrical face of each block of wood along its length at least three segments. The remaining polygonal section, usually triangular or square, is then converted into parts with a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section (7).The cut-out segments are transformed into lap joints (5) and placed side by side to fit the trapezoidal parts (7). The assembly of the lap joints and the trapezoidal parts is made by means of wedges (9) fixed on the segments and supported on one of the trapezoidal faces. Beading strips (8) cover the ends of the segments.

Description

 The present invention relates to a process for obtaining elements, most commonly made of wood, intended to cooperate with each other, and the assembly of said elements, for the production of all or part of constructions of various types.

Said elements are uprights or rafters and pieces of siding or roofing as well as moldings, drawn from cylindrical or log cores in particular resulting from the uncoiling of wood, according to a flow mode, without notable falls, of said cores or logs. The method of assembling said elements, mainly between them, is linked to their shape, as resulting from that of the cylindrical or round cores from which they originate and from the flow mode being applied to them.

 The unwinding of the wooden balls, to extract the sheets intended for the manufacture of veneer products, leads to the production of residual logs corresponding to the axial part of each log. These logs, or cores, constitute a waste mainly used for obtaining paper pulp or the manufacture of particle boards. Other uses, better remunerated are sought, and lead to their use, after transformation or not, for the manufacture of pallets, fences, guardrails, urban furniture, materials for the equipment of leisure areas, etc ...

 The method according to the present invention aims to improve the use of said logs, based on their specific shape and qualities and on an original mode concerning their throughput. These logs are in fact made up of the heart of the logs from which they come and are therefore generally free from the defects inherent in sawmills, especially with regard to the slabs; they are moreover perfectly cylindrical.

 The process which is the subject of the present invention is however applicable to any other piece of wood of cylindrical shape and of sufficient diameter, such as any frustoconical log to which a cylindrical shape would previously be imparted.

The number of slabs intended to be transformed into as many cladding elements, capable of being taken from a cylindrical ball, while retaining dimensions compatible with their application to the construction of buildings, is variable and depends on the diameter of the ball. The section of the central part resulting from the removal of the slabs has the shape of a regular polygon. It is intended for obtaining uprights or rafters that can be assembled with the backs from the same ball, by a transformation that is all the more complicated and costly as the number of sides is high and odd, which tends to reduce, or even to to cancel,
The economic interest of the process when the number of files removed is greater than four. Conversely, the number of backs and corresponding cladding elements, drawn from a ball, can be reduced to one or two. Such an application of the principle governing the process which is the subject of the present invention leads to obtaining, for each log, a number of cladding pieces disproportionate to the number of uprights intended to support them, said uprights being drawn from the part residual center of each ball. Such an imbalance also calls into question the economic interest of the process according to the present invention. Furthermore, when only two slabs are taken, the cooperation between uprights and cladding elements from the same ball, must be carried out by means other than those to which the assembly method object of the present invention calls.

Other methods are proposed for the recovery of wooden logs through their transformation into construction elements and various methods of assembling the latter. The documents FR 2 494 750, EP 0 107 690 B1 and
PCT / US92 / 04085 report various modes of log flow and implementation of the elements obtained, but by means and with results different from those proposed by the present invention.

 The flow mode of the cores or logs according to the present invention, particularly when they come from the wood peeling industry, is related to their diameter. This diameter can vary depending on whether they are cores or logs from the unrolling of wood of different species. Indeed, for reasons mainly related to the nature of the tools used and the physical characteristics specific to these different species, the cores or logs can be of diameters ranging from simple to double, that is to say about 100 mm for poplar and pine, for example, about 200 mm. for woods such as niangon, sipo, okoumé, etc ... These diameters could be standardized for each category of species, better recovery of the waste represented by these cores and logs can offset the possible cost of a such standardization.

 The notes and drawings below show, by way of nonlimiting examples, the flow modes applicable to logs of the most common diameters, and the implementation of the elements resulting from said flow rates, according to the present invention.

 Figure 1 shows, in section, the path applicable to the longitudinal flow of logs such as commonly from the unrolling of pine or poplar for example, allowing to draw the three slabs (1), of dimensions compatible with the use to which they are intended and the wood of triangular section (2), resulting from the removal of the three backs (1).

 Figure 2 shows, in section, the path applicable to the longitudinal flow of logs as commonly derived from the unwinding of exotic woods such as niangon or sipo for example. Four files (3) are drawn from it, the square section wood (4) resulting from this removal.

 FIG. 3 represents the section in section of the covering cladding element (5), resulting from a transformation of the backs (1) & (3), as the use is described below. A variant of said cladding elements, cited by way of nonlimiting example, may result from their jointing, with a view to an assembly by tongue-and-groove interlocking.

 Figure 4 shows, in section, the path applicable to the longitudinal flow of the wood of triangular section (2), resulting from the removal of the three plates (1) according to Figure 1, in order to draw the elements of triangular section (6 ) and trapezoidal (7), the mode of cooperation with the cladding elements (5) is described below.

 Figure 5 shows, in section, the path applicable to the longitudinal flow of wood of square section (4), resulting from the removal of the four plates (3) according to Figure 2, in order to draw the elements of triangular section (6 ) and trapezoidal (7), the mode of cooperation with the cladding elements (5) is described below.

 Figure 6 is a sectional view of the half-round section of the rod (8) obtained from the wood of triangular section (6) according to Figures 4 & 5, under conditions such that the length of its cord is substantially equal to the thickness of the cladding elements (5) drawn from the same log. Said strip is intended to cover the ends of the cladding elements (5), once these are assembled with the uprights (7) serving as their support, according to FIGS. 8 & 9.

 FIG. 7 represents, in section, the path applicable by hypothesis to the longitudinal flow of a log large enough for the plates (x) of dimensions compatible with the intended use to be drawn therefrom, a wood of octagonal section resulting from this sample, from which the timber (y) of trapezoidal section and the timber (z) of triangular section could be drawn.

 Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a set of cladding elements (5) overlapping, juxtaposed and cooperating with the element (7) serving as their support, by means of assembly shims (9) shown by way of nonlimiting example, screwed one by one on the cladding elements (5) and on either side of the upright (7). Variants, in particular dimensional, of the assembly shims (9) are possible. They can, for example, substantially cover the width of each cladding element (5) and include two screw holes, so that their fixing takes place on the cladding elements (5) at two points arranged on the side and d 'Other of their median axis, the risks of twisting of said cladding elements are eliminated or reduced. To achieve the same result, two shims (9), as shown in Figure 8 and each having a single screw hole, can be arranged on either side of the median axis of the cladding piece (5) that their function is to make cooperate with the amount (7).

 The strip (8) for covering the ends of the cladding elements is partially shown in FIGS. 8 & 9.

 FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an upright of trapezoidal section (7) cooperating with a cladding element (5) by means of two assembly shims (9) screwed into the cladding element (5), which carries at its end, the rod (8), shown in section.

 The figurel0 is a general perspective view of a wedge-shaped variant, provided by way of nonlimiting example, of the assembly wedge (9).

Figure 11 is a side view of the assembly block object of Figure 9, in which are shown: the passage of screws (10), the inlet (11) of said screw passage, shaped for the reception of '' a countersunk screw head, the face (12) intended to be fixed against the cladding element (5), the face (13) intended to be applied against the upright of trapezoidal section of the upright (7), the angle (14) joining the faces (12) & (13), opening substantially equal to that of the angle formed by the face of
The cladding element (5) on which said wedge is screwed and the face of the trapezoidal section element (7) on which said wedge is supported, the face (15) whose inclination is identical to that of the entry (11) of the screw passage (10), such as the tightening of the fixing screw of the shim on the cladding element (5) while being a carrier tends to drive said shim in the direction of the arrow (16), causing it to be clamped against the face of the upright (7) on which it bears.

 Figure 12 is a top view of the assembly block, showing its upper face (15), the passage (10) and the screw inlet (11).

 Only the section of the elements related to the process for obtaining and assembling object of the present invention are described above. As for the length of these elements, it results from the length of the logs from which they are drawn. It can be adjusted: in the direction of reduction, by cutting off the elements themselves or the logs. prior to their throughput, or increased by various methods, applicable at the stages of production or implementation of said elements. For example, several logs or pieces of the same section from which they are produced can be butted by gluing, or several elements of the same section can be arranged and held end to end, at the time of their use, by means of sleeves specially provided and conformed to this. effect.

 One of the advantages of the process which is the subject of the present invention resides in the fact that it makes it possible to develop, without notable falls and in an original manner, cylindrical or log wood cores, such as in particular from the peeling industry .

 Another advantage of the process which is the subject of the present invention lies in the fact that the tool allows the peripheral face of the logs, commonly known as the flange, to be used. This part is indeed frequently eliminated to prevent it from depreciating the planks taken from the logs. The curved face of the cladding elements (5), as resulting from the use of the log flank, participates on the other hand in their stiffening and consequently in better resistance to deformation than planks having an identical covering capacity, of rectangular section and of small thickness, as generally employed in the applications targeted by the present invention.

 Another advantage of the process which is the subject of the present invention lies in the trapezoidal shape of the section of the uprights (7), which makes it possible to use as the bearing face of the cladding elements (5) the larger dimension face of the said uprights ( 7) and to grasp therein by means of assembly shims as shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, the cladding elements (5) over a length such that their risk of deformation is reduced compared to what would be said risk if each cladding element was maintained on a lesser amount, a fortiori by traditional means such as nailing or screwing.

 Another advantage of the process which is the subject of the present invention lies in the fact that the cooperation between the cladding elements (5) and the uprights (7) being effected by means of self-locking shims, each of the elements (5) & (7) participates in the maintenance of the other and vice versa.

 The use of the uprights (7) is not limited to cooperation with the cladding elements (5) from logs. All materials in panels, boards, slats, etc ... can be associated with them by means of the assembly shims provided for this purpose.

 The elements resulting from the process for obtaining and assembling which are the subject of the invention are generally intended for the market of light wooden constructions such as garden and leisure shelters, garages, etc. They may however enter into the construction of the most varied buildings, to constitute all or part of them. They are generally intended for the industrial or artisanal production of shelters sold in the state or to be proposed to professional or amateur users for the realization of all assemblies or constructions of their choice.

 By extension, the process which is the subject of the present invention is applicable to any material in cylindrical form, such as metal, plastic, etc., for obtaining and assembling the elements capable of being drawn therefrom.

Claims (6)

Claims  1. Method for obtaining and assembling, without notable falls, elements for the construction of buildings, from cylindrical wooden logs, especially when they come from the peeling industry, characterized in that '' it consists in lifting on the cylindrical face of each ball at least 3 backs (1) of length equal to that of said ball and consequently obtaining a residual piece of wood of polygonal section, most often triangular (2) or square ( 4), said piece of wood being able to be used as it is or converted into elements of section most often triangular (6) and trapezoidal (7), of length equal to that of the log.  2. Method for obtaining and assembling elements for the construction of buildings according to claim N 1, characterized in that the raised slabs on the wooden balls are transformed into cladding elements (5) cooperating with the uprights ( 7) most often trapezoidal section (7) obtained from the core of the same logs.  3. Method according to claims N '1 & 2 characterized in that the assembly of the cladding elements (5) and the uprights (7) is carried out by means of shims (fig. 8 to 12) fixed on the cladding elements ( 5) and bearing on at least one of the faces of the uprights (7).  4. Method according to claim N 3 characterized in that the cladding element (5) is applied to the largest face of the uprights of trapezoidal section (7) serving as supports.  5. Wedge assembly according to claim N '4 characterized in that it comprises two faces (12) & (13) whose junction angle (14) substantially coincides with the angle formed by the face of the element of cladding (5) on which it is fixed and the face of the upright (7) on which it is supported.  6. Wedge (fig. 10 to 12) according to claim N 5, characterized in that the slope of the orifice (or orifices) (11) on which the head of its fixing means bears, such as screws or lag screws , gives it a self-locking function under the effect of the tightening of said fixing means.