FR2719328A1 - Boundary marker suitable for rocky ground - Google Patents

Abstract

The spike is foldable in the middle such that its two arms (2a,2b) may pass through a spacing fitting (4) in opposite directions. The spacing fitting is made from thin plate with a shoulder (8) which has a recess (9) to receive the spike at the point of folding (3).The head of the marker (6) has a vertical hole (7) with a conical entry (10) and seat (11) at the top. At erection the folded spike and spacer are threaded through the vertical hole (7) and hammered down such that the spike ends enter the ground.

Description

TERMINAL AND LAYING METHOD

OF IT

  The present invention relates to a terminal which can be used to define cadastral limits, road limits or the like, as well as to a method of laying or setting

in place of it.

  It was customary in the past to use natural stone or cement bollards placed on the ground or

  fixed in it by an anchor stake.

  More and more, the surveyors and other professionals of the demarcation give up this type of terminals in favor of terminals made up of two parts, a stake and a head which are assembled during the installation. Indeed, it is thus possible to use heads of different shape, color and weight with the same stake, which allows both greater flexibility in work and

  a reduction in the number of terminal models to be stored.

  Moreover, the official services often regulate the use of colors for the terminal heads, their

  assigning a special meaning.

  Examples of terminals made up of two parts are given in the statements of invention

  FR 2 244 159, EP 0 264 915 and FR 2 692 609.

  In the first two cases (FR 2 244 159 and EP 0 264 915), the terminal includes a stake which is installed at

  from a head previously positioned on the ground.

  The stake is then driven into the ground by passing it through the head in a through hole made in

inside of it.

  In the third case (FR 2 692 609), when the stake and the head are assembled with the stake of the head, a ring located under the top of the stake, but at a distance from the edge, is housed in stop against the head or

  inside the recess of the head, from below.

  It should be noted that each of the aforementioned terminals provide for the possibility of additional anchoring in the form of rods or auxiliary wires which are made to come out after the fact by the end of the stake, once the latter has been finally inserted. These rods move away from each other and penetrate into the neighboring terrain after having crossed or not inside the body of the stake. They do not protrude and therefore do not fulfill their anchoring function

  only at the end of the stake.

  In all cases, the stake is a stiff rod and perfectly undeformable, which poses often insoluble problems, when the rod meets a rock or even a simple stone or other hard object. This type of terminal is therefore unsuitable for installation on stony ground or in basements poor in arable land and

very stony.

  In addition, the installation of the terminals according to the two aforementioned invention statements requires in practice the use of suitable tools if we want this installation to remain easy, and in any case these terminals are of

relatively complex structures.

  According to the invention, on the contrary, a terminal is proposed which can be set up without difficulty on stony ground using a simple hammer or a simple

  mass, and whose structure is remarkably simple.

  In fact, the terminal according to the invention consists of two parts pre-assembled or to be assembled during installation, namely a head provided with a through hole on the one hand and an anchoring member comprising at least two rigid strands likely to deflect on the other hand. The strands, preferably of substantially equal length, are initially gathered against each other and move apart at their ends, passing inside at least one opening formed in a guide part provided for this purpose, the guide part. can get caught from above inside the head. For mounting, in fact, the strands are put in the assembled position, guide part down, in the hole in the terminal head placed on the ground, then the strands are pushed into the ground until the part stops. guide come

block in the terminal head.

  In doing so, by sinking the strands of the anchoring member slide in the opening or openings of the guide piece which, for its part, remains trapped in the head, deflect and move away from each other, which ensures thus in a particularly simple way the anchoring of the terminal in the ground. The rigidity of the strands allows them to resist without bending the stress, particularly by striking, which is exerted on them to push them in, but their flexibility allows them to easily make their way into the ground by bypassing if

necessary obstacles.

  It will be understood that the object of the invention is to direct the strands in divergent directions so as to obtain good resistance to tearing, and this from the start. Contrary to what happens in the three inventories mentioned above, the spacing of the strands occurs in effect at the terminal head or the

  ground, or even already inside it.

  According to a first embodiment of the invention, the anchoring member is composed of two strands folded against each other. The guide piece can then be a simple relatively thin axial piece in the opening of which the two strands intersect. This axial piece then advantageously comprises, on its upper surface, a groove in which the double anchoring member will be housed during assembly at the fold of the

  strands, ensuring additional locking of the terminal.

  This also helps prevent the anchor from being damaged, if you keep hitting hard on it when the

  terminal is already in place.

  Alternatively, the guide piece may also be a hollow tubular member joining the strands and having towards its lower end two lateral openings through which will slide out without necessarily being

  cross and move apart the two strands of the anchoring member.

  This tubular member may be the same length as the bore of the terminal head, substantially shorter or even substantially longer so as to penetrate slightly into the ground in order to allow, for example, better wedging of the head. In this case, the end of the tubular member

  is advantageously formed in a point.

  According to a second embodiment of the invention, the anchoring member is composed of several strands, 2 or 3 for example, independent, but brought together against each other. The guide piece can then also be a hollow tubular member joining the strands and having towards its lower end a corresponding number of lateral openings through which will slide out without necessarily crossing and moving apart the strands of the anchoring member . As before, this tubular member can be of the same length as the hole in the terminal head, substantially shorter or even substantially longer, the end of the tubular member then being

advantageously formed in a point.

  The strands of the anchoring member may be resistant wires, rods, blades or tubes, of a diameter giving them the necessary mechanical resistance, rigidity and flexibility, for example rods or wires

  8 mm diameter twisted steel or reinforced plastic.

  Their surface can be smooth or striated or filled with other roughness or roughness and possibly provided with one or more barbs making a hook to oppose any attempt to remove the terminal. Their length can be

  between, for example, between 20 and 80 cm.

  These strands, which are substantially parallel when they are engaged in the guide part, may have previously undergone mechanical stresses which will twist them around their respective axis or with respect to each other as

and as they move apart.

  Another means of facilitating the separation of the two strands and possibly obtaining a twist is, according to a particular embodiment, using a twisted axial part. According to a preferred embodiment, the hole passing through the terminal head, which may for example be slightly conical upwards, is cylindrical and comprises in its upper part, a recess on which during mounting will come to bear a corresponding shoulder of the guide piece, thus ensuring such perfect locking

as possible.

  The guide piece must also be of sufficient mechanical strength, preferably made of

hardened steel.

  The invention also relates to a method of mounting the terminal during its installation in which, unless it is pre-assembled, one begins to thread the anchoring member, in the folded position and guide piece in bottom, in the boring of the bollard head placed on the ground, then the strands are pushed into the ground until they no longer protrude from the guide piece which, in turn, has become blocked in the bollard head . A one-piece assembly is thus obtained. Depending on the size of the terminal or the nature of the ground, a mass or a simple hammer is enough to drive in the anchoring member, the ends of which are preferably cut or pointed to

  facilitate penetration into the ground.

  By sinking, that is to say by moving downwards, the strands of the anchoring member move away from the ground level substantially by sliding in the opening or openings of the guide part which, it remains blocked by the head. It will be noted that, by doing this, it is avoided that the anchoring member does not come to protrude from the head if the ground undergoes for example a compaction. Their rigidity allows them to resist without bending under the stress exerted on them to push them in, but their flexibility allows them to easily make their way into the ground by deflecting if necessary

  their trajectory to bypass resistant obstacles.

  Unlike the terminals described in the documents cited above, the strands diverge as soon as they leave the guide part, that is to say substantially at ground level, and not simply at the bottom of the hole drilled by the stake. anchor. It will be readily understood that this arrangement, with strands more widely spaced from one another and over the entire length of the anchor, is much more effective,

  while having the merit of simplicity.

  Alternatively, the terminals according to the invention can be delivered preassembled, the guide part already being

  engaged, blocked or not, in the drilling of the head.

  The installation will then be done simply by striking with a hammer or with the mass on the top of the strands to drive them into the ground by sliding them through the guide piece. The invention will be better understood with reference to

  attached drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples.

  In these drawings: - Figure 1 shows in perspective an anchoring member with two strands mounted on the sliding guide piece, before mounting the terminal; - Figure 2 is a sectional view of the corresponding terminal head; - Figure 3 shows the terminal once in place (terminal head shown in section), the constituent elements of Figures i and 2 being combined and forming a whole almost impossible to dissociate; - Figure 4, which is a view which corresponds to Figure 1, illustrates another embodiment of the anchor member having two strands and a guide piece in the form of tubular member; - Figure 5 shows another terminal according to the invention, mounted with the anchoring member of Figure 4 and the head of Figure 2; - Figure 6, which is also a view which corresponds to Figure 1, illustrates yet another embodiment of the anchor member having three separate strands and a guide piece also in the form of tubular member; and - Figure 7 shows yet another terminal according to the invention, mounted with the anchoring member of the

  Figure 6 and the head of Figure 2.

  In all the figures, identical parts or

  similar are identified by the same reference numbers.

  As can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 3, the anchoring member represented by the general reference 1 is composed of two strands 2a, 2b folded back on themselves at 3 which, at their end, pass by crossing in the opening 5 of an axial guide piece 4. The axial piece 4, of small thickness, substantially flat or twisted, comprises a shoulder 8 and

  a groove 9 whose functions will appear below.

  The terminal head 6 shown in section in Figure 2 is of a conventional type, metallic, resin, reinforced concrete or plastic, and includes an axial bore 7 right through. In this embodiment, the bore 7 is cylindrical and is extended upwards by a conical flare 10, with connection by a cylindrical part more

wide seat 11.

  To set up the terminal, we start by threading the anchoring member 1 through the bore 7 until the end of the strands 2a, 2b comes into contact with the

  floor on which the head is placed 6.

  We then grab a hammer or a mass, then we hit 3 on the anchoring member 1 according to arrow F. The strands 2a, 2b then sink and slide through the axial part 4 crossing until which we finally obtain the position represented in figure 3, which

corresponds to the assembled terminal.

  Preferably, the diameter of the axial guide piece 4 is very slightly greater than the inside diameter of the bore 7, the difference being such that it allows a

  entry into force while ensuring effective wedging.

  It will have been noted that the axial guide piece 4 will be wedged in the bore 7 of the head 6, from above, bearing abutment therein by means of its shoulder 8 which is housed and locked on the seat. 11

in the head 6.

  Likewise, the anchoring member 1 at the level of the folding back 3 of the strands 2a, 2b will have come to be housed in the groove 9 of the axial part, allowing lateral locking and above all preventing the member 1 from being easily withdrawn towards the top. In addition, if the throat is deep enough, it also prevents any damage to the organ

  anchor 1 if we keep hitting it while this one

  this is fully depressed. By choosing the depth of the groove 9, it is in fact possible to ensure that the folding 3 of the strands 2a, 2b of the anchoring member 1 is just flush with the

  level of the upper section of the axial part 4.

  As shown in Figure 3 very schematically, we could also see that the flexibility of the two strands 2a, 2b allows them to possibly bypass a

obstacle 14 embedded in the ground 13.

  The axial guide piece 4 may be of a length less than that of the bore 7 of the head 6 in order to ensure

a good blocking on the seat 11.

  In another embodiment, the bore 7 does not include a connection forming a seat and the guide part

  axial 4 can then abut directly on the ground.

  In the embodiment that is the object of FIGS. 4 and, the same terminal head 6 is associated with another type of anchoring member consisting of two strands 2a, 2b folded back on themselves at 3, but being in the form blades and not stems. At their end, the two blades 2a, 2b take place in the guide part which is this time in the form of a hollow tubular member 41 having at its part

  lower as much opening 5a, 5b as there are blades 2a, 2b.

  As illustrated in the figures, the blades 2a, 2b do not intersect inside the tubular member 41. When the blades 2a, 2b are pushed in, they will slide in

  the tubular member 41 and each outlet on their side.

  As also illustrated, the tubular member 41 is slightly longer than the bore 7 of the head 6 in which it takes place and consequently has a tip-shaped lower end 15, allowing it to

  easily penetrate the first few centimeters of the ground 13.

  The tubular member 41 also has at its upper end a flange 81 which plays the role of the shoulder 8 of FIGS. 1 to 3, and is extended upwards by a part 16

  which will act as a stop for the insertion of the blades 2a, 2b.

  In the embodiment which is the object of FIGS. 6 and 7, the same terminal head 6 is always associated with yet another type of anchoring member, consisting of three strands

  2a, 2b, 2c independent of each other, in the form of rods.

  At their lower end, the three rods 2a, 2b, 2c take place in the guide part which is here also in the form of a hollow tubular member 42 having at its lower part as many openings 5a, 5b, 5c as there are rods 2a, 2b, 2c. To facilitate the maintenance of the three rods 2a, 2b, 2c against each other, they are advantageously joined at their upper ends by a collar 12. This collar can remain in place, or be removed as soon as the rods 2a, 2b, 2c are deep enough, like

this is the case in Figure 7.

  As illustrated in the figures, the rods 2a, 2b, 2c do not intersect inside the tubular member 42. When the rods 2a, 2b, 2c are pushed in, these will slide in the tubular member 41 and take out each on their side. Of course, the three openings a, 5b, 5c are advantageously arranged at around 1200. As also illustrated, the tubular member 42 is substantially the same length as the bore 7 of the head 6. The tubular member 42 has at its upper end a neck-forming crush 82 which plays the role of the shoulder 8

Figures 1 to 3.

  It will be understood that one of the advantages of the invention is also its great flexibility of implementation since a terminal head can receive anchoring members of different type, three types being illustrated in the figures by way of example. This will leave the installer with a great deal of choice depending on the nature of the floor, or more simply his preferences or habits, and this without

  no special tools are required.

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Claims (10)

  1. Terminal according to the invention consisting of two parts pre-assembled or to be assembled on installation, a head (6) provided with a through bore (7) on the one hand and an anchoring member comprising at least two strands rigid (2) capable of deflecting on the other hand, the strands (2) being initially gathered against each other and moving apart at their ends passing inside at least one opening (5) formed in a guide piece (4) provided for this purpose, the guide piece (4) being able to be wedged from above inside the head (6), so that during assembly, when the strands (2) are threaded in the assembled position, guide piece (4) at the bottom, in the bore (7) of the terminal head (6) placed on the ground, then the strands (2) are pushed into the ground until in abutment the guide piece (4) comes to block in the terminal head (6), the strands (2) of the anchoring member slide in the opening (s) (5) of the guide piece (4) which, she stays p rise in the head (6),   deflect and move away from each other.   2. Terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring member is composed of two strands folded against each other and that the guide piece is an axial piece in the opening of which the two cross strands.   3. Terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial part comprises, on its upper surface, a groove in which will be housed for mounting the anchoring member at the fold of the strands, ensuring a   additional locking of the terminal.   4. Terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring member is composed of two strands and the guide piece is a hollow tubular member joining the strands and having towards its lower end two lateral openings through which will slide out   and move the two strands away from the anchoring member.   5. Terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring member is composed of several independent strands, but brought together against each other and in that the guide piece is a hollow tubular member joining the strands and having towards its lower end a corresponding number of side openings through which will slide out and spread the strands of the anchoring member.   6. Terminal according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the tubular member is of the same length as the bore of the terminal head, substantially shorter or even substantially longer, the end of the member   tubular being in the latter case formed into a point.   7. Terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the strands (2,3) are wires, rods or blades or tubes. 8. Terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the strands (2,3) have their ridged or trimmed surface other roughness or roughness.   9. Terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the bore (7) passing through the terminal head (6) is substantially cylindrical and in that the guide part (4) comprises in its upper part a shoulder (8) which, during assembly, will come to rest on a corresponding seat (11) formed in the head (6).   10. Method for mounting the terminal according to claim 1, to be assembled during its installation, characterized in that one begins to thread the anchoring member, in the folded position and guide part (4) at the bottom, in the bore (7) of the terminal head (6) placed on the ground, then the strands are pushed into the ground until they no longer protrude from the guide piece (4), so that sinking, the strands (2) deviate from substantially the level of the ground by sliding in the opening (5) of the guide piece (4) which, for its part, remains blocked in the head or on the ground, their rigidity allowing them to resist without bending under the stress exerted on them to push them in, but their flexibility allowing them to easily make their way in the ground by deflecting if necessary to avoid resistant obstacles.