FR2695400A1 - Hydrocarbon-based fuels producing coloured flame - obtd. from compsns. contg. hydrocarbon, ion colourants and co-solvent - Google Patents

Abstract

Hydrocarbon-based fuel compsn. for oil lamps, pocket lighters and other burners producing coloured flames (opt. odorised and/or mosquito repellent). This comprises a homogeneous soln. of a hydrocarbon, low alcohol (pref. MeOH) contg. the colourant ion, and a higher alcohol (acting as co-solvent). USE/ADVANTAGE - Combustion of the compsn. produces an illuminating flame, which can be coloured by suitable choice of metal or boride colourant ions. By using liq. organo-metallic or boride derivs. a fuel mixt. can be obtd. which will not give rise to clogging or combustion deposits on wick lamps or in the orifices of petrol lighters. The presence of the co-solvent enables homogeneous fuel prods. to be formed.

Description

DESCRIPTION: =
Lamp oil or various hydrocarbons, producing colored flames in wick or oil lamps. Extension to gasoline or gas lighters.

Petroleum, preferably kerosene, is mixed with an alcohol, preferably pure methanol, which contains metallic or boron ions, coloring the flames, in solution. This mixture is carried out using a cosolvent, higher alcohol, ranging from isopropyl alcohol to dodecanol. The dyes in solution will preferably be alkyl derivatives (mono-, bi-, tri-alkyls), chlorides or anhydrides and, in general, all organo-metallic and boron alkyls, entering into solution in methanol. , ethanol and other higher alcohols. Extension to hydrocarbons used in gasoline or qaz lighters, or oil lamps.

The present invention relates to a fuel which burns with colored flames in a wick lamp, but also burns perfectly in an oil lamp, if the method with the oil in question is used. In this case, the density of the higher alcohol cosolvent will preferably be chosen in harmony with the viscosity of the oil: For example, preferably heptanol, octanol, dodecanol. Non-limiting examples, it will be understood.

Historically, men have used kerosene lamps or oil lamps, to light up well before the qaz, then, later, electricity.

Hydrocarbons produce a yellow flame, due to unburned carbon monoxide and dioxide molecules which then form black smoke.

But at all times, too, men have copied nature, seeking to reproduce everywhere, the colors of the rainbow.

The present invention provides an innovation by allowing less useful (yellow illuminating flame) to pleasant (simultaneous coloring of said flame),
The proportions between yellow and the other colors are directly dependent on the desired result.

The cosolvent, widely used in the field, for example, of internal combustion engines, to economize, generally, the nonrenewable hydrocarbons by adding methanol or ethanol to them, makes it possible to "marry" the insoluble emulsions together, hydrocarbons and simple alcohols.

Dyes have also been known for a long time, apart from certain colors discovered more recently, such as industrially reproducible blue, thanks to the addition of copper or barium, of one or more halogenated hydrocarbons, depending on the density of the blue. wish.

However, when there is "wick", or even "flame exit orifice"; as in oil lamps and, a fortiori, petrol or hexane lighters, or even hydrocarbon gas lighters and all of these flame-producing utensils, are stakeholders and claimed under the present invention, since the principle of application is strictly the same; it is essential to color the flames with orqano-metallic or boron coloring ions whose support (or solvent) is: a- preferably liquid.

b- completely soluble, in saturated solution.

Indeed, two phenomena occur, one rather chemical, the other Rather mechanical.

Let us give two nonlimiting, but illustrative examples, we will have understood: 1> Chemical:
Depending on the combustion temperature of a derivative (salt, oxide, hydroxide, sulphate, anhydride, any alkyl, etc ... orano-metallic or boron, we will burn using the ugly lamp (or lighter, which is a "pocket" or "table" oil lamp) a liquid (cold) and / or a qaz (hot).

This means that an alkylated solution of triple antimony chloride will produce at a low temperature, on the wick, an immediate or almost vaporization, so the antimony and alcohol will burn almost 100% under gas pressure, therefore there will be little or no deposit of a combustion drift on the wick. Or on the edges of the flame orifice of the "oil" type lamp. On the other hand, if the metal is lithium, strontium and even copper, we will burn a gas, certainly, hot, but also 1 liquid and there will be deposit, on the wick, of transformed residues, of combustion: Hence clogging or fouling This 9ui is also true for the lighter (gasoline, or lamp (oil).

If, on the contrary, one starts from a tri-ethyl, tri-butyl or tri-methyl / borate (for the green), or any other liquid presentation of the metal or boron dye, the solution with methanol will be much more perfect , the saturation will be calculated as precisely as possible and the risk of deposit of transformation residues during combustion, much lower.

2) Mechanics:
The coloring particles (ions) metal or boron flame dyes, if they come from a chemical presentation as described above in 1), that is to say when using a liquid and not a dissolved solid (directly in the solvent), are much less likely to clog: - the wick (by fouling its fibers).

- the flame orifice (oil lamp, for example).

- the (generally) two inlet and outlet ports of the mixing chamber (and the filter which is, generally incorporated), of a commercial gas lighter.

To be very clear, let us illustrate our point with an example of a green flame, then a red flame: a- If a dl-boron trioxide is dissolved at saturation in preferably pure methanol, the boron molecule (in the form of ball) will look different on the wick or at the entry or exit of the openings of the regulator / mixing chamber of gas lighter, compared to the same molecule coming from a trl-ethyl, tri-butyl or tri-methyl / borate.

b- If a lithium chloride is dissolved to saturation in a preferably pure methanol, the lithlum molecule will look different on the wick or at the entry or exit of the orifices of the regulator / mixing chamber (and through of the filter of the said) of a lighter with saz, with respect to the same molecule originating from a butyllithium, tert butyllithium or methyllithium.

It suffices to extrapolate to the other metals (according to their valencies), the illustrations above, to generalize the process.

PROPORTIONS:
The proportions, as already explained, between the hydrocarbon (or mixed hydrocarbons) and the alkyl (or solution containing the coloring ions), is defined by the desired proportion between a little or a lot of yellow flame (of carbon ) and a lot or a little of colored flame according to the chosen alkyl or alkyls, which can be mixed to produce multi-colored flames, except to remove the sodium, of course, which "kills" the other colors.

Let us indicate, however, that the yellow is so bright compared to a flame of colored alcohol, that it is better to be limited to 10% to 40't of hydrocarbon (s) for 90% to 60% of alkyl- methanol (preferably) + dyes. Said dyes will come, in volume, for 0.5 to 5%, but it depends on the saturation point in the solvent alcohol which it is better not to exceed, especially for lighters with qaz.

As for the cosolvent, its viscosity (even if it is to mix two or more), will be the closest to that of the solvent and, above all, of the hydrocarbon considered: 2, 3, 4 C (carbon) for lighters (butane + propane ), 7, 8, 9, 10 or more of C (oil lamps) and, in between, for kerosene. Octanol being the most efficient. Generally, 2% to 20% will do the trick, that is to say as soon as the alcohol and its dye enters a visible solution (instead of an emulsion which separates after aqitation), with the hydrocarbon.

It should be noted that in a refillable gas lighter, the process is not recommended: In a disposable lighter, the filter of the combustion chamber and the inlet and outlet ports of the regulator / mixing chamber have not time to oxidize and / or plug, as long as the brick-t has not been used (if only once!).

In a refillable lighter, the oxidation will quickly overcome the metal parts of said.

Even if the oily elements of the hydrocarbon protect so little said parts from too rapid oxidation.

We will add CL fuel obtained an odorous or anti-insect essence, in a proportion not creating a yellow flame too present, additional (1% to 6%, maximum recommended).

With regard to fuels, for example oil, petrol and petroleum or the like, it is of course possible to mix the dyes (coloring ions: and co-solvent (s) in a separate container. Then mix them in a solvent alcohol, before mixing the whole obtained in the hydrocarbon. Or, of course, the reverse.

Claims (10)

 CLAIMS:  l) Hydrocarbon fuel for lamps, lighters and other burners, characterized in that it produces in said, colored or colored flames, perfumed or not, anti-m, acoustic or not. 2) Fuel as claimed in claim n01, characterized in that it constitutes a perfectly homogeneous solution of hydrocarbon and alcohol, thanks to the presence of a cosolvent-alcohol (s) higher (s), the alcohol serving as solvent with mental or boron elements, coloring the flame. 3) Fuel according to claims n01 & 2, characterized in that the metal or boron elements chosen are preferably in liquid form and not solid, to be dissolved in the solvent.  4> Proportions of the components according to claims nos, 2 & 3, characterized in that the hydrocarbon (simple or mixed) giving a very "illuminating" yellow flame, it is better to limit its presence to 10 to 40% relative to the solvent alccol, so that the flames colored by the mental or boron elements are visible in decorative additional coloring. 5) Proportions of dyes according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 0.5 to 5%, but above all "exact point of saturation", of the solution with the alcohol-solvent, make it possible to obtain a coloration without plugging, fouling or deposit (s) on the wick (of a wick lamp), in the orifice (s) (of an oil lamp), on the loaf of a lighter (petrol), 'inlet, into the filter of the mixing chamber or at the outlet of the regulator (from a gas lighter). 6) Metal or boron elements chosen according to claims 1 & 3, characterized in that a tri-ethyl, -butyl or -methyl / borate is preferable a di-boron trioxide (or boric anhydride) and a butyl, tert-butyl or methyllithium, are preferable to an alkyl solution of chloride, oxide, lithium nitrate. These two examples (green flame and red flame) being illustrative and non-limiting, because they can be extended to most of the known flame dyes (depending on their valence). 7) Choice of cosolvent / higher alcohol preferably according to claims 1 & 2, characterized in that its viscosity will preferably be chosen to be close to that (even if it is to mix two or more) of the hydrocarbon (s) considered: lamp (octanol, dodecanol), lamp kerosene (heptanol, octanol),, hexane or wick lighter fluid (tert-butyl alcohol, pentanol), butane / propane mixture of gas lighter (isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl, pentanol, cited in nonlimiting examples) 8) Proportion of said cosolvent in said fuel, according to claims n01, 2 & 7, characterized in that, as soon as the hydrocarbon and the alcohol solvent and its coloring ions have entered into solution (instead of remaining in emulsion), the higher dose of cosolvent-alcohol is sufficient. Generally, 2% to 20% will be sufficient, depending on the hydrocarbon (s).  9) Choice of the el ^ nent metal or boron flame dye according to claims n0l, 5 & 6, characterized in that the liquid form of the dye, as defined in claim n06, avoids the disadvantages set out in claim n05 , due to chemical reactions (on the wick, for example and depending on the combustion temperature of a particular dye) and mechanical (in relation to the size of the orifices and the composition of the filter in the mixing chamber, in the mainly gas lighters). 10) Adding scented essences or citronella anti-mosquito according to claim n01, characterized in that to the burning fuel in color (s), cn optionally adds essences or citronella which will produce only little yellow flame in addition, but will play a odorous role or insect hunter.  ll, Additives according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one has the leisure of storing in a separate container the co-solvent (s) and the dye (s) and then mixing them, either the hydrocarbon, then all with alcohol-solvent, or the reverse.