FR2679927A1 - Production of metal foams - Google Patents
Production of metal foams Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2679927A1 FR2679927A1 FR9109851A FR9109851A FR2679927A1 FR 2679927 A1 FR2679927 A1 FR 2679927A1 FR 9109851 A FR9109851 A FR 9109851A FR 9109851 A FR9109851 A FR 9109851A FR 2679927 A1 FR2679927 A1 FR 2679927A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- premetallization
- structures according
- metal structures
- manufacturing
- open porous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
- H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2027—Metallic material
- B01D39/2051—Metallic foam
-
- B01J35/56—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/348—Electrochemical processes, e.g. electrochemical deposition or anodisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
REALISATION DE MOUSSES METALLIQUES
Les structures alvéolaires à porosité ouverte, de type tImoussettt constituées essentiellement d'un matériau métallique, tel que par exemple le nickel, trouvent actuellement de multiples usages : support de catalyseur, structure de collecte et de rétention des matières actives pour les électrodes de piles, d'accumulateurs ou de piles à combustible, protection électromagnétique et nucléaire, filtration, etc.PRODUCTION OF METAL FOAMS
Cellular structures with open porosity, of the tImoussettt type consisting essentially of a metallic material, such as for example nickel, currently find multiple uses: catalyst support, structure for collecting and retaining active materials for battery electrodes, accumulators or fuel cells, electromagnetic and nuclear protection, filtration, etc.
Bien entendu, les utilisations de ces matériaux dépendent pour beaucoup de leur coût, celui-ci étant entre autres déterminé par les procédés de fabrication mis en jeu. Généralement ces procédés de fabrication présentent 2 séquences principales - une opération préliminaire visant à rendre
superficiellement conductrice toute la surface des
mailles d'un substrat réticulé constitué initialement
d'un matériau non conducteur organique polymère comme le
polyuréthane - une métallisation qui s'effectue par électrolyse : par
exemple dépôt de nickel ou de cuivre en milieu aqueux.Of course, the uses of these materials depend to a large extent on their cost, which is among other things determined by the manufacturing processes involved. Generally, these manufacturing processes have 2 main sequences - a preliminary operation aimed at rendering
superficially conductive the entire surface of
meshes of a crosslinked substrate initially formed
of a polymeric organic non-conductive material such as
polyurethane - a metallization which is carried out by electrolysis: by
example deposition of nickel or copper in an aqueous medium.
Une troisième étape peut comprendre des traitements thermiques destinés à éliminer le matériau d'origine (pyrolyse) puis à désoxyder et recuire la structure métallique. A third step may include heat treatments intended to remove the original material (pyrolysis) and then to deoxidize and anneal the metal structure.
Concernant la première opération , il convient pour beaucoup d'usages que le matériau déposé sur la mousse afin d'y assurer une conduction superficielle soit compatible avec le mode d'utilisation final de la mousse. C'est ainsi qu'une des méthodes les plus appropriées consiste à déposer sous vide, par pulvérisation cathodique, une mince couche du métal qui sera ensuite déposé en plus grande épaisseur dans la séquence électrolytique suivante. D'autres méthodes, notamment par voie chimique ont été préconisées elles se sont révélées peu économiques, et d'une utilisation délicate à échelle industrielle. Concerning the first operation, it is appropriate for many uses that the material deposited on the foam in order to ensure a surface conduction there is compatible with the end use mode of the foam. Thus, one of the most suitable methods consists in depositing under vacuum, by sputtering, a thin layer of the metal which will then be deposited in greater thickness in the following electrolytic sequence. Other methods, in particular by chemical means, have been recommended; they have proved to be uneconomical, and of delicate use on an industrial scale.
L'invention objet de la présente demande est fondée sur une série d'observations et d'essais qui ont permis de mettre en évidence la possibilité d'utiliser des méthodes dites de projection à la flamme ou à l'arc pour la réalisation de la première séquence, dite de prémétallisation, de mousses en des matériaux polymères tels que le polyuréthane. Ces méthodes de projection thermique ont toujours été considérées comme inadaptées à la métallisation de matériaux tels que les mousses de polyuréthane, car supposées conduire à la dégradation thermique ou à la combustion des susdites mousses. The invention which is the subject of the present application is based on a series of observations and tests which have made it possible to highlight the possibility of using so-called flame or arc projection methods for carrying out the first sequence, known as premetallization, of foams made of polymeric materials such as polyurethane. These thermal spraying methods have always been considered unsuitable for the metallization of materials such as polyurethane foams, since they are supposed to lead to thermal degradation or to the combustion of the above-mentioned foams.
Les expériences effectuées montrent que de tels procédés sont utilisables sans dégradation de la mousse, et que de plus il est possible d'effectuer un revêtement sur toute la surface des mailles de la mousse sans fermer la porosité de celle-ci, même lorsqu'elle comporte des pores dont le diamètre moyen est de l'ordre de 0,3 mm pour une épaisseur de la mousse de l'ordre de 2 mm. The experiments carried out show that such methods can be used without degradation of the foam, and that it is moreover possible to carry out a coating over the entire surface of the mesh of the foam without closing the porosity thereof, even when it has pores with an average diameter of around 0.3 mm for a thickness of the foam of around 2 mm.
Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, un bon revêtement a pu être réalisé, sans dégradation de la mousse organique, par projection de zinc ou d'aluminium, au pistolet thermique, la pièce à traiter étant située à une distance de l'ordre de 60 cm du pistolet, et la durée d'exposition de chaque point de la mousse à la projection n'excédant pas continûment 5 secondes. Thus, for example, a good coating could be produced, without degradation of the organic foam, by spraying zinc or aluminum, with a heat gun, the part to be treated being located at a distance of the order of 60 cm from the gun, and the duration of exposure of each point of the foam to the projection not exceeding continuously 5 seconds.
On peut observer que la possibilité d'emploi de cette méthode est liée d'une part à la dimension moyenne des microgouttes métalliques arrivant sur la pièce à traiter et d'autre part à leur température. C'est ainsi que les projections au pistolet thermique ou au pistolet à plasma ont été jugées meilleures que celles réalisées au pistolet à arc électrique pour lequel la dimension moyenne des particules est plus élevée. It can be observed that the possibility of using this method is linked on the one hand to the average size of the metallic microdrops arriving on the part to be treated and on the other hand to their temperature. This is how the projections with a heat gun or with a plasma gun were judged to be better than those made with an electric arc gun for which the average particle size is higher.
Considérant la température limite des microgouttes arrivant sur la cible, il est apparu judicieux de choisir comme matériaux métalliques à projeter des métaux ou alliages dont le point de fusion ne dépasse pas environ 14000C. Par ailleurs le matériau déposé dans cette première phase de prémétallisation doit pouvoir permettre dans une seconde phase le dépôt électrochimique du nickel, ou d'un autre métal ou alliage. Ainsi peut-on observer que l'aluminium ne convient généralement pas, dans le rôle du prédépôt, ce qui est par exemple le cas lorsque le dépôt galvanique doit être réalisé en nickel. Enfin, il convient également que le métal ou l'alliage prédéposé soit compatible avec l'utilisation ultérieure de la mousse. Considering the limit temperature of the microdrops arriving on the target, it appeared judicious to choose as metallic materials to project metals or alloys whose melting point does not exceed approximately 14000C. Furthermore, the material deposited in this first pre-metallization phase must be able to allow in a second phase the electrochemical deposition of nickel, or of another metal or alloy. Thus it can be observed that aluminum is generally not suitable, in the role of the pre-deposit, which is for example the case when the galvanic deposit must be made of nickel. Finally, it is also appropriate that the metal or alloy pre-deposited is compatible with the subsequent use of the foam.
Ainsi dans le cas de l'utilisation des mousses de nickel dans des accumulateurs nickel-cadmium, la présence de fer est-elle proscrite. Thus in the case of the use of nickel foams in nickel-cadmium accumulators, the presence of iron is it prohibited.
Compte tenu de l'ensemble de ces considérations, les matériaux devant être projetés en prémétallisation seront préférentiellement les suivants - le zinc, - les alliages Cu-Zn dans lesquels la proportion en zinc
est supérieure ou égale à 30 %, - les cupronickel dans la mesure où leur point de fusion
est inférieur à environ 1400 C, - les alliages Cu-Sn.Given all of these considerations, the materials to be sprayed in pre-metallization will preferably be the following - zinc, - Cu-Zn alloys in which the proportion of zinc
is greater than or equal to 30%, - cupronickel insofar as their melting point
is less than around 1400 C, - Cu-Sn alloys.
Les structures alvéolaires ayant été réalisées selon la présente invention, à savoir par prémétallisation selon un procédé de projection thermique, puis par métallisation électrolytique peuvent ensuite, en fonction des caractéristiques chimiques et mécaniques requises par l'application finale, subir les traitements thermiques suivants - oxydation thermique ou pyrolyse du substrat organique en
vue de son élimination - traitement sous atmosphère réductrice afin de désoxyder
la structure métallique, d'une part, et d'autre part de
lui conférer les propriétés mécaniques souhaitées, par
effet de recuit.The honeycomb structures having been produced according to the present invention, namely by premetallization according to a thermal spraying process, then by electrolytic metallization can then, depending on the chemical and mechanical characteristics required by the final application, undergo the following thermal treatments - oxidation thermal or pyrolysis of the organic substrate in
view of its elimination - treatment under a reducing atmosphere in order to deoxidize
the metallic structure, on the one hand, and on the other hand of
give it the desired mechanical properties, by
annealing effect.
Naturellement, et comme il résulte de ce qui précède, la présente invention n'est nullement limitée aux exemples de réalisation qui ont été décrits, mais en embrasse toutes les variantes. Naturally, and as follows from the above, the present invention is in no way limited to the exemplary embodiments which have been described, but embraces all the variants thereof.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9109851A FR2679927B1 (en) | 1991-08-02 | 1991-08-02 | PRODUCTION OF METALLIC FOAMS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9109851A FR2679927B1 (en) | 1991-08-02 | 1991-08-02 | PRODUCTION OF METALLIC FOAMS. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2679927A1 true FR2679927A1 (en) | 1993-02-05 |
FR2679927B1 FR2679927B1 (en) | 1994-01-14 |
Family
ID=9415863
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR9109851A Expired - Fee Related FR2679927B1 (en) | 1991-08-02 | 1991-08-02 | PRODUCTION OF METALLIC FOAMS. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2679927B1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2232839A1 (en) * | 1973-06-07 | 1975-01-03 | Battelle Memorial Institute | |
FR2316906A1 (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1977-02-04 | Montedison Spa | PROCESS FOR PREPARING METAL AND / OR METALLO-CERAMIC AND / OR CERAMIC SPONGES |
JPS5539179A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of electrode for cell |
EP0151064A2 (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-07 | SORAPEC Société de Recherche et d'Applications Electrochimiques | Porous metallic structure, its fabrication and applications |
DE3919570A1 (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-21 | Vapor Technologies Inc | METHOD FOR PRODUCING STRUCTURAL BODIES WITH A LARGE SURFACE / VOLUME RATIO, AND STRUCTURED BODIES PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD |
EP0402738A2 (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Inco Limited | Nickel foam |
-
1991
- 1991-08-02 FR FR9109851A patent/FR2679927B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2232839A1 (en) * | 1973-06-07 | 1975-01-03 | Battelle Memorial Institute | |
FR2316906A1 (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1977-02-04 | Montedison Spa | PROCESS FOR PREPARING METAL AND / OR METALLO-CERAMIC AND / OR CERAMIC SPONGES |
JPS5539179A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of electrode for cell |
EP0151064A2 (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-07 | SORAPEC Société de Recherche et d'Applications Electrochimiques | Porous metallic structure, its fabrication and applications |
DE3919570A1 (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-21 | Vapor Technologies Inc | METHOD FOR PRODUCING STRUCTURAL BODIES WITH A LARGE SURFACE / VOLUME RATIO, AND STRUCTURED BODIES PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD |
EP0402738A2 (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Inco Limited | Nickel foam |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 4, no. 71 (E-12)(553) 24 Mai 1980 & JP-A-55 039 179 ( MATSUSHITA DENKI SANGYO K.K. ) 18 Mars 1980 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2679927B1 (en) | 1994-01-14 |
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