FR2638973A1 - OXYGEN SENDING CHEMICAL PASTE FOR RESPIRATORY DEVICES - Google Patents

Abstract

This oxygen-yielding chemical paste for breathing apparatus consists of a dry mixture of strong oxidizing agents with substances which either contain peroxo groups or have the property of forming such groups during the hydrolysis caused. by the moisture content of the exhaled air.

Description

Chemical oxygen transfer paste for respiratory devices We know that

  compressed gas cylinders filled with gaseous oxygen, chlorate cartridges, or chemical pastes based on peroxides or alkaline dioxides can be used as the oxygen source for oxygen circulation devices. While devices with compressed gas cylinders or chlorate cartridges require mechanical devices to start or to respectively control the release of oxygen, peroxide pastes can be activated by moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. air exhaled by the user of the device. We can therefore build devices based on particularly light and handy peroxide pastes, and they have significant advantages over

  devices fitted with compressed gas cylinders or chlorate cartridges.

  The disadvantage is, however, that at the start of respiration, the release of oxygen from the peroxide pastes, which is based on the disproportionation of bound oxygen with respect to elemental oxygen and bivalent oxygen, does not develops only slowly. This is why auxiliary constructions are known which combine peroxide pastes with small chlorate cartridges. The chlorate cartridges serve as a "starter", and they very quickly supply a small amount of oxygen to cover the initial demand of the device user. However, as already indicated, these cartridges require an additional mechanical device, so that the advantage of the simplicity of construction and handling of the peroxide-based devices is again partially lost. Another possibility, known from German patent application DE-36 39 146, for obtaining enhanced oxygen delivery at the very start of respiration, consists in surrounding a molded body, consisting of potassium superoxide KO2, with a layer thin consisting of a mixture of KO2 and a catalyst material. The catalyst material accelerates oxygen delivery at the start of respiration. After some time, the chemical pulp has warmed sufficiently to ensure sufficient oxygen delivery even without catalyst material. The disadvantage of this process is the expensive manufacture of chemical molded bodies made up of two

different mixtures.

  The object of the present invention is to increase the reaction capacity of the peroxide pastes sufficiently so that sufficient oxygen is released from the start of respiration, without having to use auxiliary constructions or catalyst additives, as was the case. case in

the prior art described above.

  According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that the oxygen-yielding chemical paste consists of a dry mixture of powerful oxidizing agents with substances which either contain peroxo groups or have the property of form such groups during hydrolysis caused by

  the moisture content of the exhaled air.

  Alkaline peroxides, as well as all the other "per" compounds (KO2 ,.

  ZnO2, alkaline earth peroxides, peroxo salts and peroxohydrates), contain oxygen which acts with powerful oxidizing agents as a reducing agent, so that it becomes elemental oxygen. The reaction of the peroxo groups with the oxygenating agent is initiated from the start of respiration in the apparatus, by the moisture content of the exhaled air. This reaction takes place very quickly, and as it produces twice as much elemental oxygen per peroxide molecule as in the case of disproportionation, the invention gives a rapid release of oxygen in devices based on peroxides, and this with much higher yields of released oxygen than in the case of known chemical pulp, and without using a starter or a catalyst. The invention also has the advantage that the chemical pulp can be stored, either alone or incorporated into a breathing apparatus, since the mixture does not react in the dry state. It is only in use, that is to say under the influence of the humid exhaled air of the user of the device, that the reaction takes place, with release of oxygen. According to another embodiment of the invention, one can add to the mixture of permanganate and peroxide an acid reaction substance such as phosphoric pentoxide or an acid salt. The permanganate is then reduced to bivalent manganese. Instead of

  permanganate, it is also possible to use as oxidizing agent for periodate.

  In an alkaline medium, the periodate is then reduced to iodate, and in an acid medium to elemental iodine. The use of phosphoric pentoxide as an acid-reactive substance provides an additional advantage: phosphoric pentoxide is highly hygroscopic, and therefore it binds the moisture in the exhaled air particularly well to the chemical mixture, so that oxygen production is even more effective. As an oxidizing agent within the meaning of the invention, hypochlorites and potassium ferricyanide are also known. As substances containing peroxo groups, KNaO3, K2NaO5, Li2O2, MgO2, CaO2, SrO2, BaO2, ZnO2, as well as perborates, can be used in addition to sodium peroxide.

  percarbonates, perphosphates, persulfates and peroxihydrates.

  As superoxides (substances which form peroxo groups during hydrolysis), it is possible to use, in addition to potassium dioxide, the dioxides of the other alkali metals as well as the tetroxides of the alkaline earth metals, the latter however only in admixture with the corresponding peroxides. The combination of sodium peroxide and potassium permanganate has proven to be a particularly advantageous chemical mixture, -because these substances, on the one hand react quickly between them, and on the other hand

are economical.

  We will now describe the invention on an example g of sodium peroxide and 300 g of potassium permanganate are

  finely ground, mixed, and compressed into 9mm-diameter tablets.

  The tablets are filled in the chemical cartridge of a respiratory device, and brought into contact with the exhaled air of the user of the device. The permanganate is then reduced to manganese dioxide, the oxygen in the peroxide is separated in its elementary form, and the alkalis are

dissolve in hydroxides.

Claims (6)

  1. Oxidizing chemical paste for respiratory devices, characterized in that it consists of a dry mixture of powerful oxidizing agents with substances which either contain peroxo groups or have the property of forming such groups during hydrolysis   caused by the moisture content of the exhaled air.   2. Chemical oxygen transfer paste for respiratory devices according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided as substances   containing peroxo groups, alkaline and / or alkaline earth peroxides.   3. Oxygenating chemical paste for respiratory devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, as substances having the property of forming peroxo groups during hydrolysis, superoxides are provided. alkaline and / or alkaline earth.   4. Oxygenating chemical paste for respiratory devices according to   any one of claims I to 3, characterized in that it is provided,   as strong oxidizing agents, alkaline and / or alkaline earth permanganates. 5. Oxygenating chemical paste for respiratory devices according to   any one of claims I to 3, characterized in that it is provided,   as strong oxidizing agents, alkaline and / or alkaline earth periodates. 6. Oxygenating chemical paste for respiratory devices according to   any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the dough   chemical additionally contains an acid reaction substance such as phosphoric pentoxide.