FR2626655A1 - Rubbish incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

Incinerator comprising a combustion chamber 6 with an inlet 1 for the material 2 at the upper part, a means for discharging the ash at the lower part 10, a primary combustion air inlet 4 and a device for discharging the burnt gases, the incinerator being characterised in that, in the combustion chamber 6 the primary combustion air inlet 4 is located laterally away from the bottom 8, in that the orifice 13 of the device 21 for discharging the burnt gases is located on that part of the lateral wall which faces the air inlet orifice 4, so that the air passes through the hearth 22 of the chamber 6, substantially horizontally entraining the volatile particles towards and into the discharge device 21. Application to the incineration of household rubbish.

Description

The present invention relates to an oven for the incineration of household waste and the refusal of grinding.

Refusal to grind, and some garbage is not unstoppable - in the ovens currently in service
Various experiments have been carried out, without however succeeding in incinerating this garbage under satisfactory conditions. In addition, the pollution caused by the evacuation of burnt gases resulting in volatile products is unacceptable and involves the construction of expensive special devices
In these known installations, which are all of large dimensions, the combustion chamber is provided with grates and, to bring about the advancement of the materials, the grates often consist of inclined combs and / or arranged in stair steps. construction and operation of facilities.

 In order to remedy these drawbacks, the inventor has developed an incineration oven comprising a combustion chamber which may have a generally frustoconical shape, with an arrival of materials at the top, a means for evacuate the ash at the bottom, a primary combustion air supply and a device for evacuating the burnt gases, this furnace being characterized in that, in the combustion chamber, the primary combustion air supply is located laterally away from the bottom, and that the orifice of the device for discharging the burnt gases is located on the false side wall part facing the air inlet orifice. Another characteristic of the invention lies in the fact that the incinerator does not have a grid.

Therefore, in such an installation, the material passes slowly, and practically continuously, from top to bottom, the combustion chamber without being stopped and / or being compacted above the grate. Ut ashtray drawer allows to remove at the base the ashes resulting from combustion
The vertical column of material is traversed in the hearth, by a mass of air substantially horizontally, and the outlet of the burnt gases located opposite and at the same level as the air inlet or at a higher level. This gas circulation is facilitated by the fact that burnt gases are sucked through the discharge orifice. and with them the volatile matter still in combustion.

 The oven also includes a device for evacuating these gases and materials sucked through the aforementioned orifice and comprising a post-combustion cyclone. In this cyclone, the volatile materials finish being consumed, then they can be removed. Furthermore, the gases escape to the upper part of the cyclone through a chimney provided with a suction system or the like.

To better understand the invention, an example of embodiment is given below with reference to the appended drawing, which is a schematic sectional view.
At the upper outlet of the combustion chamber 6, is fixed a conduit 1 for the arrival of refuse 2 which is slightly inclined to slow down the fall of said refuse.

In addition, a flap 3 makes it possible to reduce the access orifice - to the hearth 22 of the combustion chamber 6 6, and to adjust the mass of the materials to be admitted into the said hearth 22. It is therefore an allmentatlon continued a column, the advance of which is adjustable according to the nature of the materials and the speed of incineration of the said materials.

 On the base of the duct 1, and at the upper side wall of the chamber 6 is the orifice @ 4 through which the combustion air enters. A regulator at per @@@@@ es @ @ if provided in cat orific @. In the example shown, the chamber has had two inclined @ ia visible at 7 and 11 in the figure.

These par @ ls l @@ ssent subsist between them, at their base, a passage 8. Soun this passage 8 is provided an ashtray 10 and a bed 9 pushing the candles classlque. Opposite the orlfic @ 4 u @ finds the orifice 13, this d @ rnler elant @ l @ ué at a level at p @ ine higher than c @ him of the prem @ er @ r @@ ire 4. As we seen in the figure, the inclined wall 11 munle @@ nsibly to the base of the duct l. From the orifice 13 leaves a vertical or inclined tube 12 penetrating into a post-combustion cyclone 14. At the base of this cyclone 14 is an orifice 15 allowing an air inlet and the evacuation of the brssiés solid matter, A pyrometric probe 16 controls post-combustion. To the upper part 17 of the cyclone 14 is fixed the base of a chimney 19. Flaps 18 and a fan 20 make it possible to adjust the speed of ejection of the burnt gases. The entire evacuation device bears the reference 21 in the figure.

 The operation of the oven is as follows: we start by switching on the oven in the conventional way, then we bring the material 2 * to be incinerated by line 1. The air circulates from orifice 4 to orifice 13. according to the arrow " F ", and activates the fire lit in the chamber 6. By falling slowly, in the said chamber 6, the materials ignite in the hearth 22 and / or burn more or less quickly by slowly descending towards the outlet 8. It is understandable that their descent is slowed down by the materials at the end of incineration being under them. When the consumed materials arrive at 8 and reach the ashtray 10, the drawer 9 discharges them normally. Thus the material can descend by gravity from the duct 1 to the ashtray 10 without encountering a grid.

 Furthermore, in the evacuation device 21, the fan 20 by sucking in the gases burned by the chimney 19, creates a depression in the cyclone 14, facilitating circulation in the conduit 13 and the chamber 6. This depression also makes it possible to attract the volatile products from chamber 6 in cyclone 14 or an additional quantity of air makes it possible to burn them completely, in post-combustion.

Thus, the dust not incinerated in chamber 6 is not discharged into the atmosphere, but directed into the post-combustion cytcone where most of it is destroyed.

then those which still remain are entrained in the chimney from where they are removed from the burnt gases using the dust removal and / or treatment system (not shown in the figure).

 no longer, in the event of too rapid descent of the materials 2 from the conduit l into the chamber 6 and / or in the event of the ash being removed too slowly at 10, the possible overflow of the materials may rise through the orifice 13. Thus the materials are not compressed in the chamber 6, and the combustion air can circulate through it, from the orifice 5 to the cyclone 14.

 Tests have shown that this oven can induce non-incinerable grinding refusals in other ovens, which is an unexpected result for a person skilled in the art.

Claims (5)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S  1. Incineration oven comprising a combustion chamber (6) with an inlet (1) for materials (2) at the top, a means for evacuating the ash at the bottom (10), a primary air inlet oxidizer (4) and a device for evacuating the burnt gases, incineration furnace characterized in that, in the combustion chamber (6), the inlet of the oxidant primary air (4) is located laterally far from the bottom ( 8), that the orifice (13) of the exhaust device (21) for the burnt gases is located on the side wall part facing the air intake orifice (4), so that the air passes through the hearth (22) of the chamber (6), substantially horizontally, entraining the volatile products towards and in the evacuation device 21.  2. Incineration oven according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the combustion chamber (6), the lateral orifice (13) for evacuating the gases is located at the same level or at a level slightly higher than the air inlet orifice (4). I and 2, characterized in that the combustion chamber (6) does not have a grate.  3, Incineration oven according to the claims  4. Incineration furnace according to one that @@ one of the preceding claims, including the combustion chamber @@ @on (6) e @ t provides in its upper parlle an arr @ véu (1) of the ma @ @ èren (2), characterized by the fact that the inlet duct (1) is inclined and comprises at its base a means (3) capable of slowing the descent of the materials (2) from (1) into the hearth ( 22).  5. Incineration oven according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a discharge device (21), characterized in that the said device (21) comprises a post-combustion cyclone (14) having an opening ( 15) at its lower part through or enters additional air, an exhaust chimney (19) provided at its base with adjustable flaps (18), dust removal and gas treatment means, and a suction means , such as a fan (20) propelling the dusted gases outwards.