FR2595756A1 - Electromagnetic control system for opening and closing the inlet and exhaust valves of a four-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Electromagnetic control system for opening and closing the inlet and exhaust valves of a four-stroke internal combustion engine Download PDF

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FR2595756A1
FR2595756A1 FR8603634A FR8603634A FR2595756A1 FR 2595756 A1 FR2595756 A1 FR 2595756A1 FR 8603634 A FR8603634 A FR 8603634A FR 8603634 A FR8603634 A FR 8603634A FR 2595756 A1 FR2595756 A1 FR 2595756A1
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valve
internal combustion
cylinder
electromagnet
opening
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FR2595756B1 (en
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BENEDETTO ROGER DI
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

It consists of an electromagnet fixed by its armature 10 to the cylinder head 1 of an internal combustion engine. The inlet or exhaust valve 5 is fixed to its ferromagnetic core 13 (see Fig. 1). Each electromagnet receives, during its stroke (inlet or exhaust), an electric pulse coming from the ignition distributor and serving to supply the spark plug of the cylinder which is on the "ignition" stroke. The system according to the invention is particularly intended for all four-stroke internal combustion engines in the automobile sector, as well as industrial equipment and machines equipped with these engines.

Description

D E S C R I P T I O N
La présente invention concerne un système électromagnétique de commande d'ouverture et fermeture des soupapes d'admission et d'échappement d'un moteur à explosion à quatre temps
L'ouverture et la. fermeture des soupapes d'admission et d'é chappement, sot traditionnellement commandées par tout un ensemble de pièces mécaniques, partant du mouvement de rotation du vilebrequin et aboutissant aux soupapes par un mouvement de va-et-vient des culbuteurs.DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic system for controlling the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves of a four-stroke internal combustion engine
The opening and the. closing of the intake and exhaust valves, traditionally controlled by a whole set of mechanical parts, starting from the rotational movement of the crankshaft and ending at the valves by a reciprocating movement of the rocker arms.

Ce système traditionnel, composé d'une multitude de pièces mécaniques en mouvement(arbre à cames; poussoirs; tiges de culbuteurs; culbuteurs...),présente les inconvénients suivants:
I)Nécesssité de lubrifier toutes ces pieces mécaniques en mouvement et donc lubrifier jusqu'au sommet du moteur.This traditional system, composed of a multitude of moving mechanical parts (camshaft; tappets; rocker rods; rockers ...), has the following drawbacks:
I) Need to lubricate all these moving mechanical parts and therefore lubricate to the top of the engine.

2)Montage et calage précis de ces pièces. 2) Precise assembly and timing of these parts.

3)Usinage plus couplexe:-du bloc moteur(passage des poussoirs et tiges). 3) More couplex machining: - of the engine block (passage of pushers and rods).

-du joint de culasse(passage des tiges de culbuteurs)0
-de la culasse(passage des tiges de culbuteurs),
4)Perte dténergie mécanique nécessaire à actionner les soue papes, ceci au détrimen de la motricité.-the cylinder head gasket (passage of the rocker rods) 0
-the cylinder head (passage of the rocker rods),
4) Loss of mechanical energy necessary to activate the popes, this at the detriment of motor skills.

5)Calage précis de la. distribution. 5) Precise setting of the. distribution.

6)Déterioration de certaines de ces piéces en cas de sur régime. 6) Deterioration of some of these parts in case of over diet.

Le systême selon l'invention permet de remédier à ces inconvénients.The system according to the invention overcomes these drawbacks.

Chaque soupapes d'admission et d'échappement est directement reliée à un systême électromagnétique fixé sur la culasse(1) du moteur à explosion,par son armature(I0), et isolé thermiquement par un joint(14).Each intake and exhaust valve is directly connected to an electromagnetic system fixed to the cylinder head (1) of the internal combustion engine, by its armature (I0), and thermally insulated by a seal (14).

Ce système électromagnétique composé d'une armature(10) en en acier et d'un noyau ferromagnétique(I3) en acier doux ou en fer, entouré d'un ou plusieurs bobinages(IT)en fil de cuivre, est alimenté en courant continu, par l'allumeur(voir Fig.This electromagnetic system composed of a steel frame (10) and a ferromagnetic core (I3) made of mild steel or iron, surrounded by one or more coils (IT) made of copper wire, is supplied with direct current. , by the igniter (see Fig.

I),
Ainsi, quand le Ier cylindre d'un moteur à explosion à quatre temps(et à 4 cylindres pour ltexemple) est au temps moteur explosion", la meme impulsion électrique conduite de l'allumeur vers la bougie du Ier cylindre, est conduite à l'électro-aimant commandant ltouverture de la soupape d'admission du 4éme cylindre, et à llélectro-aimant commandant l'ouverture de la soupape d'échappement du 2émé cylindre.I),
Thus, when the first cylinder of a four-stroke internal combustion engine (and 4-cylinder for example) is at the time of the internal combustion engine ", the same electrical impulse driven from the igniter to the spark plug of the first cylinder, is driven to the electromagnet controlling the opening of the intake valve of the 4th cylinder, and to the electromagnet controlling the opening of the exhaust valve of the 2nd cylinder.

Quand le 3éme cylindre sera au temps "explosion",l'impulsion électrique provenant de l'allumeur vers la bougie du 3éme cylindre,commandera l'ouverture de la soupape d'admission du 2éme cylindre, et la soupape d 'échappement du Ier cylindre.When the 3rd cylinder is at the "explosion" time, the electrical impulse coming from the igniter towards the spark plug of the 3rd cylinder, will control the opening of the intake valve of the 2nd cylinder, and the exhaust valve of the 1st cylinder .

Quand le 4éme cylindre sera à son tour au temps "explosion", l'impulsion électrique allant de l'allumeur à la bougie du4éme cylindre, commandera l'ouverture de la soupape d'admission du Ier cylindre et de la soupape d'échappement du 3éme cylindre.When the 4th cylinder is in its turn at the "explosion" time, the electrical impulse going from the igniter to the spark plug of the 4th cylinder, will command the opening of the intake valve of the 1st cylinder and the exhaust valve of the 3rd cylinder.

Et quand le 2éme cylindre sera au temps "expl#sion",l'impulsion électrique allant de l'allumeur à la bougie du 2éme cylindre, c;ommandera l'ouverture de la soupape d'admi-ssion du 3éme cylindre et de la soupape d'échappement du 4éme cylindre. ( voir
Fig. 2),Ceci quel que soit le nombre de cylindre.And when the 2nd cylinder is at the "expl # sion" time, the electrical impulse going from the igniter to the spark plug of the 2nd cylinder, will command the opening of the 3rd cylinder inlet valve and the 4th cylinder exhaust valve. ( see
Fig. 2), regardless of the number of cylinders.

Le systême selon l'invention apporte les avantages suivants;-I)Suppression de pièces mécaniques en mouvement(pous- soirs, tiges de culbuteurs, culbuteurs). The system according to the invention provides the following advantages; -I) Elimination of moving mechanical parts (pushers, rocker rods, rocker arms).

2) Suppression de la rampe de culbuterie,du cache culbu- teurs, de la pompe à huile. 2) Removal of the valve train ramp, the valve cover, the oil pump.

-3)Arbre à came, remplacé par un simple arbre avec uniquement un engrenage pour l'allumeur. -3) Camshaft, replaced by a simple shaft with only one gear for the igniter.

-4)Simplification de l'usinage de la culasse,du joint de culasse, du bloc moteur. -4) Simplification of the machining of the cylinder head, the cylinder head gasket, the engine block.

-5)Economie d'huile moteur,réduction du carter d'huile. -5) Economy of engine oil, reduction of the oil pan.

-6)Plus de calage de distribution. -6) More distribution timing.

-7)Energie mécanique nécessaire à actionner les soupa pes,récupérée au profit de la motricité.  -7) Mechanical energy necessary to actuate the valves, recovered for the benefit of motor skills.

selon une variante ltélectro-aimant destiné à assurer l'ouverture et la fermeture des soupapes d'admission et d'échappe ment,peut être de n'importe quel type(à noyau droit, à noyau en fer à cheval, cuirassé, à noyau plongeur, ...)
Dans la pressente description, l'électo-aimant utilisé est celui schématisé succinctement pour la forme sur la Fig. 3 , et de façon plus détailléesur la Fig. I ,pour le fonctionnement.according to a variant the electromagnet intended to ensure the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves, can be of any type (straight core, horseshoe core, battleship, core diver, ...)
In the present description, the electromagnet used is the one briefly shown for the shape in FIG. 3, and in more detail in FIG. I, for operation.

Le bobinage(II) nous permet d'obtenir lors du passage du courant électrique émanant de l'allumeur,une source de champ magnétique.The winding (II) allows us to obtain during the passage of the electric current emanating from the igniter, a source of magnetic field.

Le noyau de fer(13) dans le champ magnétique produit par le bobinage(11) modifie le spectre et pernet d'une part de renforcer considérablement l'aimantation et d'autre part de la rendre temporaire,
Le noyau de fer doux(13) est terminé par des pièces polaires tronconiques(19), de ce fait les lignes d'induction sont con- centrées dans un espace étroit et l'induction sera intense.The iron core (13) in the magnetic field produced by the coil (11) modifies the spectrum and on the one hand makes it possible to considerably strengthen the magnetization and on the other hand to make it temporary,
The soft iron core (13) is terminated by frustoconical pole pieces (19), therefore the induction lines are concentrated in a narrow space and the induction will be intense.

Quand le courant passe dans le bobinage(II),le fer doux(13) s'aimante et se plaque contre ltarmature(10) en acier, en entrainant dans sa course descendante la soupape(5) qui ouvre le conduit d'admission ou d'échappement(15), permettant lten trée du mélange gazeux détonnant, provenant du collecteur d'ad- mission, ou libérant les gaz brulés,dans le conduit d'échap- pement.When the current flows through the winding (II), the soft iron (13) is magnetized and pressed against the steel frame (10), driving in its downward stroke the valve (5) which opens the intake duct or exhaust (15), allowing entry of the detonating gas mixture, coming from the intake manifold, or releasing the burnt gases, into the exhaust duct.

Dès que le courant provenant de l'allumeur ,ne passe plus dans le bobinage(11), l'aimantation cesse et le noyau de fer (13) poussé par les ressorts de rappel(16), remonte suivant les guides(8) à sa position initiale , entraînant avec lui la soupape(5), qui referme le conduit d'admission ou d'échappement(15). As soon as the current from the igniter no longer passes through the winding (11), the magnetization ceases and the iron core (13) pushed by the return springs (16), rises according to the guides (8) to its initial position, carrying with it the valve (5), which closes the intake or exhaust duct (15).

Dans la Fig. I ,la distance "a" doit être inférieure à 1a distance "b".cette distance "a" se régle soupape en position fermée,l'électro-aimant tenu appuyé vers le bas,jusqu'à ce que la distance "a" soit à la dimension nécessaire à la bonne ouverture de la soupape ,sans qu'elle soit égale ou supérieur à la distance "b".Ensuite bloquer la tige(I7) de la soupape(5) à l'aide des vis de serrage(18). In Fig. I, the distance "a" must be less than the distance "b". This distance "a" is adjusted with the valve in the closed position, the electromagnet kept pressed down, until the distance "a" either to the dimension necessary for the correct opening of the valve, without it being equal to or greater than the distance "b". Then block the stem (I7) of the valve (5) using the clamping screws ( 18).

Le joint fixe(6) sera usiné dans la tige de la soupape(5),de telle façon qu'il soit bien en position fermée quand la soupape est en position fermée.The fixed seal (6) will be machined in the valve stem (5), so that it is in the closed position when the valve is in the closed position.

Le joint réglable (7) doit être en position fermée et donc bien emboîté dans l'armature en acier(10),quand la soupape est en position ouverte.The adjustable seal (7) must be in the closed position and therefore securely fitted into the steel frame (10), when the valve is in the open position.

Le joint thermique(I4) permettra de remédier aux effets produits gar la température, qui rendent nul l'aimantation à partir de 750 C (point de Curie).The thermal seal (I4) will make it possible to remedy the effects produced at temperature, which render the magnetization null from 750 C (Curie point).

Compte tenu que les dimensions des éléments composants l'élec- tro-aimant sont fonction des dimensions de la culasse sur laquelle ils doivent s'adapter, et considérant les formules suivantes:

Figure img00040001
Given that the dimensions of the components of the electromagnet are a function of the dimensions of the cylinder head to which they must fit, and considering the following formulas:
Figure img00040001

Figure img00050001
Figure img00050001

Figure img00050002
Figure img00050002

Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, nous voyons que pour obtenir une force d'aimantation de l'ordre de II Kgf, il nous a fallu un bobinage de I0000 spires au métre, avec un courant d'une intensité de 25 Ampères(ceci nous donnant une induction de 0,31 Tesla), et une surface de contact de 0,003 2. In the example above, we see that to obtain a magnetization force of the order of II Kgf, we needed a winding of I0000 turns per meter, with a current of an intensity of 25 Amps (this giving us an induction of 0.31 Tesla), and a contact surface of 0.003 2.

Il faudra donc augmenter ou diminuer une ou plusieurs de ces données, selon que l'on désire augmenter ou diminuer la force d'aimantation.One or more of these data will therefore have to be increased or decreased, depending on whether one wishes to increase or decrease the magnetization force.

Les ressorte de rappel quant à eux, devront être de force inférieure à la force d'aimantation, mais de force suffisante pour ramener le noyai ferromagnétique à sa position haute et ainsi assurer une bonne fermeture de la soupape.As for the return springs, they will have to be of force lower than the magnetization force, but of sufficient force to bring the ferromagnetic core to its high position and thus ensure a good closing of the valve.

Le système selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné aux moteurs à explosion à 4 temps, quel#que soit le nombre de cy lindres, et quelque soit leur utilisation: Automobile ou Industrie. The system according to the invention is particularly intended for 4-stroke internal combustion engines, regardless of the number of cylinders, and whatever their use: Automobile or Industry.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS I)SystAme d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes(5) d'admission et d'échappement d'un moteur à explosion et à quatre temps, caractérisé par un électro aimant par soupape(5), et alimenté en son temps par les impulsions électriques provenant de l'allumeur. I) system for opening and closing the intake and exhaust valves (5) of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, characterized by an electromagnet per valve (5), and fed in time by the electrical impulses from the igniter. 2)Systême selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'électro-aimant peut-8tre de n'importe quels types et formes.2) System according to claim I, characterized in that the electromagnet can 8tre of any types and shapes. 3)Systême selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédents, caractérisé en ce que le systême électomagnétique peut-8tre fixé indépendemment de la culasse(I) ,et être relié à la soupapes d'admission ou d'échappement par des pié@@ ces intermédiaires. 3) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnetic system can be fixed independently of the cylinder head (I), and be connected to the intake or exhaust valves by means of pié @@ ces intermediaries. L E G E N D E D E L A Figure N I. L E G E N D E D E L A Figure N I. aimant 19. Pièce tronconique.  magnet 19. Tapered piece. I8, Vis de réglage et de fixation de la soupape sur l'électroI8, Valve adjustment and fixing screws on the electro I7, Tige de soupapeI7, Valve stem I6. Ressort de rappel de l'électro aimantI6. Electromagnet return spring I5. Conduit d'admission ou d'échappementI5. Intake or exhaust duct I3. Noyau de l'électoaimant 14. Joint thermiqueI3. Solenoid core 14. Thermal seal I2, FlasqueI2, Flange IO. Armature en acier 11. BobinageIO. Steel frame 11. Winding 9. Bloc moteur 9. Engine block 8. Guide 8. Guide 7. Joint réglable 7. Adjustable seal 6. Joint fixe 6. Fixed joint 5, Soupape 5, Valve 4, Chambre de combustion 4, Combustion chamber 3. Cylindre 3. Cylinder 2. JOint de culasse 2. Cylinder head gasket I. Culasse I. Cylinder head
FR8603634A 1986-03-12 1986-03-12 ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR OPENING AND CLOSING INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVES OF A FOUR-TIME EXPLOSION ENGINE Expired FR2595756B1 (en)

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FR8603634A FR2595756B1 (en) 1986-03-12 1986-03-12 ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR OPENING AND CLOSING INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVES OF A FOUR-TIME EXPLOSION ENGINE

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FR8603634A FR2595756B1 (en) 1986-03-12 1986-03-12 ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR OPENING AND CLOSING INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVES OF A FOUR-TIME EXPLOSION ENGINE

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6157277A (en) * 1997-12-09 2000-12-05 Siemens Automotive Corporation Electromagnetic actuator with improved lamination core-housing connection

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1233442A (en) * 1959-08-26 1960-10-12 Method of controlling valves of internal combustion engines
FR2192242A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-08 British Leyland Ltd
FR2307958A1 (en) * 1975-04-18 1976-11-12 Robert Edmond IC engine with electromagnetic valves - having solenoids energised in sequence by engine driven distributor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1233442A (en) * 1959-08-26 1960-10-12 Method of controlling valves of internal combustion engines
FR2192242A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-08 British Leyland Ltd
FR2307958A1 (en) * 1975-04-18 1976-11-12 Robert Edmond IC engine with electromagnetic valves - having solenoids energised in sequence by engine driven distributor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6157277A (en) * 1997-12-09 2000-12-05 Siemens Automotive Corporation Electromagnetic actuator with improved lamination core-housing connection

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