FR2579977A1 - Carbon-contg. refractory material - Google Patents

Abstract

Carbon contg. refractory material includes 2-15 wt.% of metal fibres 2-10mm. long by 0.03-0.2mm. dia. obtd. by chatter vibration cutting. The fibres consist of 2 or more kinds of metal fibres each kind having a different m.pt. The amount of carbon in the material is 2-50 wt.% and the remainder of the material comprises refractory aggregate and powder components other than metal fibres metal powders and carbon, selected from Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, MgO and CaO, and/or two or more kinds of crystals, and inevitable glass phase raw materials and/or one or more kinds of carbides and/or nitrides.

Description

 The present invention relates to refractories containing carbon, applicable to refractory structures requiring high resistance to thermal shock and high mechanical strength.

For example, refractory structures such as long
nozzles used to remove molten steel ladle at the crucible or mold forehearth, immersion nozzles, upper and lower nozzles of sliding nozzle devices (sliding closing devices), devices with sliding nozzles or converters nozzles are subject to a considerable temperature difference inside the structures during operation or maintenance, so a considerable thermal stress occurs in the structure due to the difference of the expansion rates in different parts of the structure.

 In addition, the refractory structures are subject to external mechanical stress such as vibration caused by the flow of the molten steel or mechanical sliding movement.

 As a result, the refractories for forming such structures must have excellent thermal shock resistance. In addition, the refractories must have excellent wear resistance and oxidation resistance properties capable of withstanding high wear that occurs as a result of the molten fluid steel. In addition, when a nozzle is used for this refractory structure in a condition where its lower end is immersed in a molten steel, it is also necessary that the nozzle has sufficient properties of erosion resistance by the slag, he to resist erosion due to the melted slag on the surface of the molten steel.

 As materials applicable to such refractory structures, several materials have been traditionally developed having better properties, to respond to changing working or maintenance conditions that are becoming more severe from year to year.

 For example, in terms of long nozzles or alumina-graphite immersion nozzles, to improve the properties of such nozzles, it has been proposed to control the scale thickness of the scaly graphite contained therein, or to add carbon fibers or add specific raw materials containing zirconia. Although such proposals have been effective in improving the thermal shock resistance and wear resistance, they are not effective in preventing the breakage or breakage of the nozzles which are the cause of most adverse accidents in the event of failure. 'interview.

 Although it was expected that the addition of carbon fibers would prevent breakage or breakage above, it did not achieve a remarkable effect because the dispersion of the carbon fibers in the matrix or Internal structure of alumina-grashite is extremely difficult.

 In terms of sliding nozzles, to meet the working or maintenance conditions of sliding nozzles that are getting harder and harder with the improvement of continuous casting technology, such as multi-stage continuous casting, materials whose wear or abrasion resistance has been improved by the inclusion of Al powders or Mg powders have been proposed and these materials have been largely in use or in actual maintenance.

 However, such materials can not meet the current tendency of the nozzles to become more and more elongated and thin, hence the rupture or breakage of the nozzles - has occurred.

 On the other hand, in terms of the plates used for sliding nozzle devices, materials having a high resistance to wear or abrasion, which contain low melting point metal powders such as Al powders or powders. Mg or alloy powders of such metals or carbon fibers have been proposed.

 However, these materials are not effective in preventing the development of cracks.

 Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide refractories having a high durability, making it possible to solve the above-mentioned defects of conventional refractories used for the production of refractory structures such as nozzles for continuous casting.

 The invention is based entirely on the discovery that the metal fibers that are obtained by a vibration cutting method have a triangular cross section as shown in FIGS. 1 (a), (b) - and (c), the surfaces fibers are considerably deformed and such fibers have a favorable affinity with the internal structure of the refractories and the joint resistance of such fibers with the internal structure of the refractories, that is to say the resistance against mechanical stress is increased. Although metal fibers have been produced by other methods such as a method that produces metal fibers by cutting wire after drawing or a melt extraction method, the fibers produced have a cross section almost circular and have few dents and bumps on their surface and therefore these fibers can not be expected to have an effect such that they allow joining or integrating the internal structure of the refractories, such as the fibers of the present invention obtained by vibration cutting.

 In addition, it has been difficult until now economically to manufacture fibers having a diameter of 0.2 mm or less by conventional means. According to the vibration cutting method of the invention, fibers having a diameter of the order of 30 can be obtained inexpensively, and it is therefore possible to make their aspect ratio more important. The shape of the fiber section in the vibration cutting method or the vibration-removal cutting method is a complicated triangular shape and in this invention, the diameter of said fiber having a deformed triangular section corresponds to the diameter of a circle. having the same cross-sectional area as said fiber.

The length of the fibers obtained by the vibration cutting method in the invention is suitably between 2 and 10 mm. In the case where the fibers are shorter than 2 mm, their integration effect is insufficient, but on the contrary, in the case where they are larger than 10 mm, it is difficult or almost impossible to mold the refractory materials. The diameter of the fibers is preferably between 30 and 200c. In the case where the diameter is less than 30, the dispersion of the fibers is difficult because the fibers entangle, but on the contrary, in the case where the diameter is greater than 200 ys, the aspect ratio becomes substantially small and Therefore, the desired effect can not be achieved. Any kind of metal can be used for the fibers according to the invention which is obtained by the vibration cutting method and in particular, a fiber of a metal having a high point. like a cast iron, a plain steel or a special steel such as a Ni-Cr steel, a steel of
Cr-Mo, Cr-V steel, Cr-V steel etc., or stainless steel and Fe-based alloy as a ferroalloy is preferred because they have excellent resistance to a normal temperature at an average temperature and they are at relatively low prices.

 Metal fibers having a low melting point may also be used, such as Al fibers, aluminum alloy fibers containing Al fibers, Mg fibers, and the like.

 These metal fibers obtained by a vibration cutting method can be used in simple form or in a mixture comprising several kinds of metal fibers depending on the purpose of the use. It is particularly effective to use metal fibers of different kinds, whose melting points differ.

 The total amount of said metal fibers to be added is preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the amount of the refractory aggregate. In the case where the content of metal fibers is less than 2% by weight, sufficient strength or resistance to crumbling can not be obtained if, on the contrary, their content exceeds 15% by weight. metal fibers in the matrix are too large and so the characters of the refractory materials drop and any remarkable improvement on the resistance - crumbling can not be obtained. Moreover, the mixing and molding operation is difficult and thus refractory products of good quality can not be obtained.

Any desired refractory aggregate can be freely used in the invention, including, for example, silica, alumina, aluminosilicate, magnesia, spinel, zirconia, zirconium, chromium minerals, SiC, Si 3N4,
B4C, BN ,. carbon such as graphite and amorphous carbon, etc.

 In the manufacture of refractory structures, the individual components are first prepared according to the necessary characteristics which are required by the refractory structure parts to be manufactured and then blended to obtain mixtures which are then molded together to form the structure which can satisfy the respective objectives. The metal fibers can be used in any part of the structure depending on the condition of the use of the structure. For example, in terms of a long nozzle, the metal fibers can be used throughout the body of the long nozzle or only at its upper or neck, where the mechanical stress is concentrated. Then, if necessary, the pieces thus formed are fired in a reducing atmosphere to remove volatile components.According to the use of the refractory structures to be formed, it is also possible to mold articles containing organic binders such as pitch, a resin phenolic, etc.

 In order to prevent the Fe-based alloy fibers from oxidizing or reacting with any oxide, organic materials must be used as the binding agent, and moreover, the aggregate preferably contains 2% by weight or more carbon in all.

 These organic binders are preferably those containing a large amount of residual carbon, and from this point of view, phenolic resins and furans are preferable for their price. , but however they do not limit in any way these organic binders.

 The compositions of the refractory material of the invention as mentioned above may further contain, if necessary, metal powders of low melting point such as Al, Mg, Zn, Sn or similar metal particles. having a diameter of 0.5 mm or less, in an amount of 2 to 15% by weight with respect to the amount of the refractory aggregate, and thus a decrease in

resistance in the medium temperature range can be completely prevented. The addition of such low melting point metal powders is disclosed in Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 55-65348. According to this invention, it has now been confirmed that the combination use of these metal powders and the above-mentioned metal fibers, which is one of the main features of the invention, resulted in obtaining uncured or cooked molded refractory structures having good properties and good resistance to crumbling.

 The compositions of the invention, comprising the above-mentioned components, can be molded, cured and cooked if necessary in a conventional manner, and uncured or cooked refractory structures having a high resistance to crumbling can be obtained. the present invention.

The composite refractory materials according to the invention contain fibers obtained by a method of
cut by vibration and having a section with corners to
acute angle and a surface of a complicated shape and
angular. The incorporation of these fibers has further developed
reinforcement of the refractory matrix with respect to a
prior art adding conventional fibers. Moreover, even if each of the structural parts is made of a different refractory material, no
crack at the interface of parts made of different refractory materials, because the embedded fibers serve
to integrate the interface. Thus, the service life and durability of the refractory structures according to the invention are apparently and remarkably improved.

The invention will be better understood, and other objects, features, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the following explanatory description made with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating several embodiments of the invention and in which
FIGS. 1 (a), (b) and (c) show shapes of sections or sections of steel fibers obtained by a vibration cutting method, which are microscopic views at a magnification of 200 times and
Figures 2 and 3 show nozzle structures for continuous casting, which are embodiments of the refractory structures of the invention, Figure 2 being an immersion nozzle, and Figure 3 is a long nozzle.

 In these drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a body, 2 is a powder part, 3 is a door part and 4 is a slag part.

The invention has been applied to an immersion nozzle and long nozzle as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively and the effects thus achieved will be explained.
below, in comparison with those obtained with
conventional composite refractories. The compositions and
Properties of the materials used below are given in Tables 1 and 2 below.

In Table 1, each "Note" is as follows
Note 1: fused zirconia-mullite Al2O3,
48% by weight - ZrO 2, 36% by weight
SiO2, 16% by weight)
Note 2: Fiber A: SS41, by vibration cut,
# 90 x 6 mm
Fiber B: FOD50 by vibration cut,
# 90 x 6 mm
Fiber C: SUS430, by cutting the drawn wire, $ 300xx 20 mm.

Note 3: The samples were cooked with a
coke in a tunnel oven, at 9000C during
10 hours and then we measured the
dimension variation (%).

Note 4: The samples were immersed in a
pig iron at 16000C in. an oven
high frequency induction during
1 minute and 30 seconds, and then cooled
in water for 20 seconds. We measured
the elasticity modules before and after
said treatment, E being before the
o
treatment and E1 being after the milking
and the resistance to crumbling of
each sample was represented by
the ratio of R = El / Eo. In Table 1,
S is R # 0.95; A means
0.95> R # 0.90; B means 0.90> R # 0.80
and C is R <0.80. From the standpoint
practical use, we prefer the range of A or more
and the beach of B can also be
acceptable for practical use as long as
the condition of use is chosen from
appropriate way.

Note 5: Each sample was used as
layer of filling in an oven
high frequency induction and we intro
duit SS4l and was melted at 16000C and
it was kept as it was for 60 minutes.

Then, the melted loss of each sample
tillon was measured and then the resis
erosion of each sample a
evaluated, the loss index (L) was
determined as follows: the Al sample
had the loss index (L) of 100; and
S is L (95; A stands for 954 LC 105;
B means $ 105 L <115 and C means
L> 115.

Note 6: Each sample was immersed in a
mixture of an electrolytic iron and a
powder in an electric oven with criptol
at 16000C for 60 minutes. Then,
the loss index of each sample has
been calculated and the loss index of
sample Z1 was 100.

In Table 2, "Note 2" and "Note 6" are different from those in Table 1, and are as follows
Note 2: Aluminum slats were used
(44in or less).

Note 6: Each sample having the form
40 x 40 x 40 mm was treated in a
electric oven at Bf300C for 3 hours
and then the thickness (mm) of the layer
of oxide formed in each sample
been measured.

 The other "Notes" in Table 2 are the same as those in Table 1.

 In each sample of Tables 1 and 2, the raw materials were well mixed and then pressed with a rubber press at a pressure of 1200 bar to obtain the determined shape. The samples thus molded were then fired in a tunnel furnace having a reducing atmosphere at 9000C.

TABLE 1

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EXAMPLE 1
Al of Table 1 was used as the material of the body 1 with reference to Figure 2 and Z1 of Table 1 as the material of the powder portion 2 and were integrally formed by a simultaneous molding method.

They were then embedded in coke in a tunnel furnace and fired at 9000C to obtain a conventional nozzle structure. However, after cooking, the interface between the body and the powder portion was cracked, and the cooking yield was 85n. Furthermore, the same nozzle was formed using the combination of A2 and Z2, according to the same step of simultaneous molding with subsequent baking.

After cooking, no cracking occurred in the last nozzle produced and thus, the firing efficiency was 100%.

EXAMPLE 2
The conventional nozzle comprising the combination of
A1 for the body 1 referring to Figure 2 and ZI for the powder portion 2, as formed in Example 1 above, was used in practice for the continuous casting of the steel. As a result, the interface has peeled in places in the form of a ring and has partially cracked, resulting in the presence of accidents. Apart from that,
Z3 which has an Al-like expansion feature was used as the material of the powder part.

However, in the latter case, the erosion resistance of this part is insufficient and the life of the nozzle lasted only for three loads. Furthermore, the nozzle was manufactured by simultaneously molding the combination of A2 and Z2 according to the invention, each containing the fibers obtained by the vibration cutting method. The nozzle thus manufactured was used for the continuous casting of steel, and no flaking occurred, and its service life lasted sufficiently for six charges.

 Then, A2 was replaced by A4, A4 containing C-fibers obtained by cutting drawn wires, to make the nozzle. It was used in a similar way but the interface of A4 and Z2 cracked. This result means that the addition of the C fibers is not effective.

EXAMPLE 3
The long nozzle shown in FIG. 1 has heretofore been manufactured by simultaneously molding the body 1 of the door part 3 and the slag part 4 to obtain this long nozzle having an integrated structure, and it has been used A5 of Table 2 for the body 1, A7 having a good resistance to oxidation was used for the door part 3 and Z3 of the table f having good erosion resistance was used for the slag portion 4. However, the long nozzle thus manufactured in a conventional manner posed certain problems in practical use, in that the interface of the different materials of the nozzle cracked during use due to the difference in expansion. between them, sometimes resulting in the presence of accidents.

Then, a nozzle of the same shape as. above was manufactured using A6 for the body 1, A8 for the door part 3 and Z2 for the slag part 4
Z2 containing. fibers A having a diameter of 90 and a length of 6 mm and used in practice.

No crack has occurred.

EXAMPLE 4
5% by weight of a phenolic resin was added to a refractory aggregate comprising 35% by weight of a synthetic mullite (produced by Naigai Taika Co), 60% by weight of sintered alumina and 5% by weight of a clay, and To the composition prepared above, 3% by weight of steel fibers having a diameter of 0.09 mm and a length of 6 mm obtained by cutting were added to the above composition. vibration and 2% by weight of aluminum fibers obtained by vibration cutting having a diameter of 0.03 min and a length of 3 mm, the weight ratio being an apparent weight ratio to the refractory aggregate, and then molded and cured at 2000C for 24 hours to obtain an uncured refractory material to be used for a lower nozzle portion of a sliding nozzle.

 For Comparative Example 4-1, in the same manner as in Example 4 above, except that no aluminum or steel fibers were added, another uncooked refractory material to be used for this lower nozzle portion of the sliding nozzle.

 The properties of these refractory materials obtained in this example 4 and the comparison example are shown in Table 3 which follows. By comparing the refractory material of Example 4 with that of Comparison Example 1 by the results of Table 3, it can be confirmed that the time until the presence of a crack is longer in the first than in the last and that the development of the crack is slower in the first than in the last.

TABLE 3

<tb><SEP> Example <SEP> 4 <SEP> Example <SEP> of
<tb><SEP> comparison <SEP><SEP> 4-1e <SEP>
<tb> Density <SEP> apparent <SEP> 3.23 <SEP> 3.28
<tb> Weight <SEP> volumetric <SEP> 2.96 <SEP> 3.00
<tb> Porosity <SEP> apparent <SEP> (t,) <SEP> 8.4 <SEP> 8.5
<tb> Resistance <SEP> to <SEP><SEP> Compression
<tb><SEP> (MPa) <SEP> 130 <SEP> 136
<tb><SEP> Crumbling <SEP> * <SEP> Test
<tb> (time <SEP> until <SEP> the <SEP> presence
<tb><SEP> of a <SEP> crack) <SEP> 2 <SEP> min. <SEP> 30 <SEP> s. <SEP> 1 <SEP> min. <SEP> 30 <SEP> s.
<Tb>

* The pouring orifice of the lower part of the nozzle
of the sliding nozzle was quickly heated with
a flame of 15000C and so the test was carried out.

EXAMPLE 5
5% by weight of a phenolic resin and 1% by weight of an aluminum powder having a grain diameter of 0.2 mm or less were added to a refractory aggregate comprising 15% by weight of a glass of quartz, 60% by weight of fused alumina, 20% by weight of scaled graphite and 5% by weight of a mixture of Si and SiC powders; and 5% by weight (with respect to the refractory aggregate) of stainless steel fibers obtained by vibration cutting having a diameter of 0.1 mm and a length of 6 mm and 3. aluminum obtained by the vibration cut having a diameter of 0.1 mm and a length of 3 mm were further added, then molded and cured at 200 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain an uncured long nozzle for one hour. ladle.

 For comparison example 5-1, in the same way as in Example 5 above, except that no aluminum fibers were added, another material was obtained. uncooked refractory. And for comparison example 5-2, in the same way as in Example 5 above, except that we did not add the stainless steel fibers but that we added 5% of aluminum fibers simply, another uncooked refractory material was obtained.

 The properties of uncured refractory materials obtained above in Example 5, Comparative Example 5-1 and Comparative Example 5-2 are shown in Table 4 below. As is clear from the results given in Table 4, it was possible to confirm that the refractory material of Example 5 was free from the presence of cracks and had good resistance to crumbling.

In a practical test using a 300t bag, it was confirmed that the long nozzle of Example 5 lasted for six charges without cracking. This result is totally comparable to a long nozzle of a baked material currently used in this field.

TABLE 4

<SEP> Example <SEP> Example <SEP> of <SEP> Example <SEP> of
<tb><SEP> 5 <SEP> compare <SEP> comparison
<tb> sound <SEP> 5-1 <SEP> 5-2
<tb><SEP> Density <SEP> apparent <SEP> 2.63 <SEP> 2.66 <SEP> 2.61
<tb><SEP> Weight <SEP> volumetric <SEP> 2.42 <SEP> 2.46 <SEP> 2.39
<tb><SEP> Porosity <SEP> apparent
<tb><SEP> (%) <SEP> 8.2 <SEP> 7.6 <SEP> 8.1
<tb><SEP> Resistance <SEP> to <SEP> la
<tb><SEP> compression <SEP> (MPa) <SEP> 51 <SEP> 61.8 <SEP> 44
<tb><SEP><SEP> Scratch Test <SEP> * <SEP> No <SEP> of <SEP> 30 <SEP> min. <SEP> 30 <SEP> s. <SEP> 25 <SEP> mn.05 <SEP> s.
<Tb>

<SEP> (time <SEP> until <SEP> the <SEP> crack
<tb> presence <SEP> of a <SEP> crack) <SEP> 60 <SEP> mn
<tb><SEP> 2 <SEP> times
<Tb>
* A cylindrical part 200 mm long has been cut
of the long nozzle, and its pouring orifice was fast
heated with a flame at 1500 C.

EXAMPLE 6
5% by weight of a phenolic resin was added to a refractory aggregate containing 80% by weight of sintered alumina, 10% by weight of synthetic mullite and 5% by weight of carbon and mixed to obtain a composition. 2.5% by weight of stainless steel fibers obtained by vibration cutting, 0.06 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length and 4% by weight of aluminum fibers were added. a diameter of 0.03 mm and a length of 1.5 mm, in the composition thus obtained, the weight ratio being relative to the amount of the refractory aggregate and then mixed, molded and cured at 2000C for 24 hours, to obtain an uncured brick slider plate.

 For Comparative Example 6-1, in the same manner as in Example 6 above, except that 5% by weight of stainless steel fibers of the same diameter and the same length as those of Example 6 and 7% by weight of aluminum fibers, the total content of metal fibers being greater than 10 by weight, another uncured plate was obtained. During mixing of the composition however, aggregated granules were formed.

 In the following Comparative Example 6-2, in the same way as in Example 6 above, except that no stainless steel fibers were added, another non-stainless steel plate was added. cooked was obtained.

 As another comparative example 6-3, in the same manner as in Example 6 above, except that 0.5 wt. Of stainless steel fibers and 0.3 wt. By weight of aluminum fibers, the total content of metal fibers being less than 1% by weight, another uncured plate was obtained.

 The properties of these uncured plates obtained above in Example 6 and Comparative Examples 6-1 to 6-3 are shown in Table 5 which follows as well as the practical test results of each sample.

TABLE 5

Example <SEP> Example <SEP> of <SEP> Example <SEP> of <SEP> Example <SEP> of
<tb> 6 <SEP> comparison <SEP> comparison <SEP> comparison
<tb> 6-1 <SEP> 6-2 <SEP> 6-3
<tb> Density <SEP> apparent <SEP> 3.57 <SEP> 3.51 <SEP> 3.68 <SEP> 3.45
<tb> Weight <SEP> volumetric <SEP> 3.15 <SEP> 3.07 <SEP> 3.23 <SEP> 2.98
<tb> Porosity <SEP> apparent <SEP> (%) <SEP> 11.8 <SEP> 12.5 <SEP> 12.2 <SE> 13.6
<tb> Resistance <SEP> to <SEP><SEP> Compression
<tb> (MPa) <SEP> 132 <SEQ> 117 <SEP> 127 <SEP> 108
<tb> Resistance <SEP> to <SEP><SEP> Bending
<tb> (MPa) <SEP> 63.8 <SEP> 54 <SEP> 39.2 <SEP> 19.6
<tb> Result <SEP> of test <SEP> used <SEP> used <SEP> used <SEP> used
<tb> practice <SEP> as <SEP> SN <SEP> as <SEP> SN <SEP> as <SE> SN <SEP> as <SE> SN
<tb> of a <SEP> pocket <SEP> of a <SEP> pocket <SEP> of a <SEP> pocket <SEP> of a <SEP> pocket
<tb> of <SEP> 300t <SEP> of <SEP> 300t <SEP> of <SEP> 300t <SEP> of <SEP> 300 <SEP> t
<tb> in <SEP> a <SEP> in <SEP> a <SEP> in <SEP> a <SEP> in <SEP> a
<tb> convert <SEP> convert <SEP> convert <SEP> converter,
<tb> seur, <SEP> n = 20 <SEP> seur, <SEP> n = 6 <SEP> seur, <SEP> n = 5 <SEP> n = 5
<tb> 5.5 <SEP> heating <SEP> 3.2 <SEP> heating <SEP> 3.0 <SEP> heating <SEP> 3.0 <SEP> heating
<tb> fes <SEP> fes <SEP> extreme <SEP> de <SEP> extreme <SEP> degradation
<tb> extreme <SEP> development <SEP> of <SEP> the <SEP> surface <SEP> of
<tb> sustainable <SEP> under
<tb><SEP><SEP> Adhesion of <SEP><SEP> Slip Cracks.
<Tb>

trouble
<tb> metal
<tb> SN: sliding nozzle
EXAMPLE 7
25% by weight of a phenolic resin was added to a refractory aggregate comprising 75% by weight of a magnesia of high purity seawater, 20% by weight of a sintered spinel and 5% by weight of carbon and 4% by weight of vibration-cut stainless steel fibers having a diameter of 0.06 mm and a length of 6 mm and 3% by weight of fibers were added to obtain a composition. Al-Mg alloy (Mg about 50% by weight) having a diameter of 0.09 mm and a length of 3 mm, the weight ratio being an apparent weight ratio with respect to the amount of the refractory aggregate, in the obtained composition and then mixed, molded and cured to obtain an uncooked base plate.

 In Comparative Example 7-1, in the same manner as in Example 7 above, with the exception that no stainless steel fibers were added, there was obtained another uncooked plate.

 The properties of these plates obtained in Example 7 and Comparative Example 7-1 are given in Table 6 which follows.

TABLE 6

<tb><SEP> Example <SEP> 7 <SEP> Example <SEP> of
<tb><SEP> comparison <SEP> 7-1
<tb><SEP> Density <SEP> apparent <SEP> 3.21 <SEP> 3.15
<tb> Weight <SEP> volumetric <SEP> 3.04 <SEP> 2.99
<tb><SEP> Porosity <SEP> apparent <SEP> (%) <SEP> 5.3 <SEQ> 4.9
<tb><SEP> Resistance <SEP> to <SEP> la
<tb><SEP> compression <SEP> (MPa) <SEP> 142 <SEP> 150
<tb><SEP> Resistance <SEP> to <SEP> la
<tb><SEP> flex <SEP> (MPa) <SEP> 44 <SEP> 27
<tb><SEP><SEP> Test <SEP> Result Used <SEP> as <SEP> Used <SEP> as
<tb><SEP> SN <SEP> of a <SEP> pocket <SEP> SN <SEP> of a <SEP> pocket
<tb> practice
<tb><SEP> of <SEP> 200 <SEP> t <SEP> in <SEP> of <SEP> 200 <SEP> t <SEP> in
<tb><SEP> a <SEP> converter. <SEP> a <SEP> converted
<SEP> Steel <SEP> containing <SEP> seur.
<Tb>

<SEP> S, <SEP> to <SEP> cut <SEP> Steel <SEP> containing
<tb><SEP> easy, <SEP> n = 5 <SEP> S, <SEP> to <SEP> cut
<tb><SEP> (C, <SEP>0.1;<SE> S, <SEP> 0.25) <SEP> easy, <SEP> n = 3
<tb><SEP> 3.5 <SEP> Heats <SEP> (C, <SEP>0.1;<SE> S, <SEP> 0.29 <SEP>
<tb><SEP> Durable <SEP> without <SEP> 2,3 <SEP> heaters
<tb><SEP> crack <SEP> having <SEP> Development
<tb><SEP> penetrated <SEP> cracks <SEP>
<Tb>
SN: sliding nozzle.

Claims (8)

 1.- Carbon-containing refractories with vibration-cut metal fibers, characterized in that they contain 2-15% by weight of metal fibers with a length of 2-10 mm and a diameter of 0.03-0.2 mm, said metal fibers being obtained by vibration cutting.  2. Refractories according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal fibers comprise two or more kinds of metal fibers, each having a different melting point.  3. Refractories according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon content in said refractory is between 2 and 50% by weight.  4. Refractories according to claim 3, characterized in that the carbon content is 10% by weight or more and 80% by weight or more of said carbon and scaly graphite.  5. Refractories according to claim 1, characterized in that 0-10 wt.% Of a metal powder having a melting point of 10000C or less is additionally incorporated, in addition to said metal fibers.  6. Refractories according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a refractory aggregate and powder components other than metal fibers, metal powders and carbon comprise raw materials of Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, ZrO 2. MgO and / or CaO, two or more kinds of crystals and unavoidable raw materials in the glass phase and / or one or more kinds of carbides and / or nitrides which are used in a ceramic field  7. Refractories according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an organic binder is used in its manufacture.  8. Refractories according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material is treated at a heat treatment temperature of 1300 C or less.