FR2567159A1 - Baking carbon anodes for aluminium industry - Google Patents

Baking carbon anodes for aluminium industry Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2567159A1
FR2567159A1 FR8510292A FR8510292A FR2567159A1 FR 2567159 A1 FR2567159 A1 FR 2567159A1 FR 8510292 A FR8510292 A FR 8510292A FR 8510292 A FR8510292 A FR 8510292A FR 2567159 A1 FR2567159 A1 FR 2567159A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
support material
anodes
aluminum
preheating
molded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
FR8510292A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Friedel Isenhardt
Ernst Schultze-Rhonhof
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG filed Critical Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Publication of FR2567159A1 publication Critical patent/FR2567159A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12Anodes
    • C25C3/125Anodes based on carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/528Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
    • C04B35/532Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

In the preheating and firing of preformed carbon anodes for the aluminium industry, shape stability of the anode blanks is maintained at least during the preheating phase by use of a support material which is inert, non-combustible and easily removable and which occurs in aluminium prodn. The support material may be of alumina, aluminium or metal salts of hydrlfluoric acid.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour préchauffer et calciner des anodes er carbone crues, dites "vertes", préalablement moulées, qui sont destinés a être utilisées dans l'industrie de l'aluminium. The present invention relates to a process for preheating and calcining raw, so-called "green" carbon anodes and carbon, which are intended to be used in the aluminum industry.

Les anodes en carbone "vertes" sont habituellement constituées d'une matière è mouler à base de coke de pétrole et d'un liant, matière qui n'acquiert la stabilité dimensionnelle voulue qu'après avoir été chauffée à environ 450oC. Par conséquent on est obligé de soutenir les anodes vertes au cours du pré- chauffage, dans les chambres du four, jusqu' ce que cette température soit atteinte, au moyen d'une matière appropriée qui résiste à la chaleur. The "green" carbon anodes are usually made of a petroleum coke molding material and a binder, which material does not acquire the desired dimensional stability until it has been heated to about 450 ° C. Consequently, it is necessary to support the green anodes during the preheating, in the chambers of the oven, until this temperature is reached, by means of a suitable material which resists heat.

On connait des procédés et des appareils pour le préchauffage et la calcination d'anodes vertes en carbone, dans lesquels on utilise du poussier de coke ou du sable comme matière de soutien (voir Ullmanns Enzyklopädìe der
Technischen Chemie, 4ème édition, tome 14, page 604).
Processes and apparatus are known for the preheating and calcination of green carbon anodes, in which coke dust or sand is used as a support material (see Ullmanns Enzyklopädìe der
Technischen Chemie, 4th edition, volume 14, page 604).

On connaît également un procédé, décrit dans le DE A 3 223 573, selon lequel on préchauffe des anodes en carbone vertes, par exemple dans un four annulaire à chambres ou dans un four à sole mobile, à une température comprise entre 300 et 5000C, puis on les soumet à la calcination finale en les chauffant par induction à des températures pouvant aller jusqu'd 1500 C à l'intérieur de bobines d'induction électriques. Lorsqu'on passe à la calcination des anodes en carbone par induction il est bon d'éliminer la matière de soutien pour ne pas nuire à liefficacitb du four à induction.Les matières de soutien dont on se servait jusqu'à présent , c'est-à-dire le poussier de coke et le sable ne conviennent pas pour le mode opératoire décrit dans le DE A 3 223 573 car le poussier de coke, lorsqu'on l'élimine des chambres du four en laissant pénétrer l'air extérieur, risque de prendre feu et/ou de causer une explosion, et, dans le cas où l'on se sert de sable comme matière de soutien, des particules de sable adhérentes forment, sur les anodes, une impureté gênante pour la bonne utilisation ultérieure des anodes, par exemple dans la préparation de l'aluminium par électrolyse. A method is also known, described in DE A 3 223 573, according to which green carbon anodes are preheated, for example in an annular chamber furnace or in a movable hearth furnace, at a temperature between 300 and 5000C, then they are subjected to final calcination by induction heating at temperatures up to 1500 C inside electric induction coils. When you go to calcining carbon anodes by induction it is good to remove the support material so as not to affect the efficiency of the induction furnace. The support materials that have been used until now are that is to say the coke dust and the sand are not suitable for the procedure described in DE A 3 223 573 because the coke dust, when it is removed from the furnace chambers by allowing the outside air to penetrate, risk of catching fire and / or of causing an explosion, and, if sand is used as a support material, adherent particles of sand form, on the anodes, a troublesome impurity for the proper subsequent use of the anodes, for example in the preparation of aluminum by electrolysis.

I1 se posait donc le problème technique suivant remplacer les corps utilisés jusqu'à présent comme matières de soutien lors du préchauffage d'anodes en carbone vertes par des corps qui ne soient pas inflammables ni ne risquent de provoquer une explosion, qui n' aient pas d'effets gênants pour les étapes d'élaboration ultérieures ou les applications des anodes en carbone et qui, en outre, puissent être éliminés facilement du four de préchauffage après le préchauffage des anodes. I1 therefore posed the following technical problem replacing the bodies used until now as support materials during the preheating of green carbon anodes by bodies which are not flammable or are not likely to cause an explosion, which do not have annoying effects for the subsequent stages of production or the applications of carbon anodes and which, moreover, can be easily removed from the preheating furnace after the anodes have been preheated.

Ce problème technique est résolu par la présente invention, laquelle est caractérisée en ce qu'on utilise, comme matière de soutien, un corps qui est de toute façon présent lors de l'élaboration de l'aluminium. De tels corps sont
1. des alumines, c'est-à-dire des oxydes, des hydroxydes
et des oxydes hydratés de l'aluminium,
2. l'aluminium métallique, par exemple des rebsd'alu-
minium,
3. des fluorures, tels que le fluorure de sodium, le
fluorure d'aluminium et leurs mélanges, par exemple
la cryolithe ou la chiolite.
This technical problem is solved by the present invention, which is characterized in that a body is used as support material, which is in any case present during the production of aluminum. Such bodies are
1. aluminas, i.e. oxides, hydroxides
and hydrated oxides of aluminum,
2. metallic aluminum, for example aluminum rebs
minimum,
3. fluorides, such as sodium fluoride,
aluminum fluoride and mixtures thereof, for example
cryolite or chiolite.

Il est possible d'éliminer ces corps du four de préchauffage pratiquement sans difficulté, avant le passage au four à induction, par aspiration ou par des ouvertures munies de clapets. It is possible to remove these bodies from the preheating furnace practically without difficulty, before passing to the induction furnace, by suction or by openings provided with valves.

Parmi les corps qui ont été mentionnés ci-dessus l'alumine a l'avantage d'être ininflammable et d'être stable même à des températures élevées. En outre elle n'est pas conductrice de l'électricité. Elle peut donc passer par un four à induction monté en aval, sans nuire à l'eFficacité de celui-ci.  Among the bodies which have been mentioned above alumina has the advantage of being non-flammable and of being stable even at high temperatures. In addition, it does not conduct electricity. It can therefore pass through an induction furnace mounted downstream, without detracting from its efficiency.

L'aluminium métallique,en raison de sa bonne conductibilité thermique, a l'avantage de ne pas gêneur l'échange de chaleur entre le four de préchauffage et l'anode erl carbone. Toutefois l'aluminium gallique, à cause de sa conductibilité électrique et de son point de fusion relativement Faible, doit être éliminé après le préchauffage des anodes et être tenu à l'écart du four d'induction. Par ailleurs on ne peut utiliser, comme matières de soutien, que des déchets d'aluminium en gros grains ou sous la forme d'objets moulés, tels que billes, grenaille ou particules en forme de tubes ou de barres, si l'on veut éviter un danger d'explosion par poussière d'aluminium. Metallic aluminum, because of its good thermal conductivity, has the advantage of not interfering with the heat exchange between the preheating furnace and the erl carbon anode. However, gallic aluminum, because of its electrical conductivity and its relatively low melting point, must be removed after the anodes have been preheated and kept away from the induction furnace. In addition, only coarse aluminum waste or in the form of molded objects, such as balls, pellets or particles in the form of tubes or bars, can be used as support materials, if desired. avoid danger of explosion by aluminum dust.

On peut en outre envisager des fluorures comme matières de soutien pour le préchauffage d'anodes en carbone à condition de veiller, par l'emploi d'appareils de séparation appropriés, à supprimer tout risque d'émission de fluorures. It is also possible to envisage fluorides as support materials for the preheating of carbon anodes provided that care is taken, by the use of appropriate separation devices, to eliminate any risk of emission of fluorides.

Dans le cas où l'on élimine la matière de soutien du four de préchauffage, élimination qui n'est touteFois indispensable que lorsqu'on utilise de l'aluminium métallique ou des fluorures, on peut réutiliser cette matière de soutien pour le préchauffage suivant. In the case where the support material is removed from the preheating furnace, elimination which is all the time essential only when metallic aluminum or fluorides are used, this support material can be reused for the next preheating.

Les trois exemples détaillés qui suivent illustrent la présente invention
EXEMPLE i
Dans le four de préchauffage on place verticale- ment une anode en carbone verte ayant pour dimensions 1,20 m x 0,80 m x 0,60 m.
The following three detailed examples illustrate the present invention
EXAMPLE i
In the preheating oven, a green carbon anode having the dimensions 1.20 mx 0.80 mx 0.60 m is placed vertically.

L'espace compris entre l'anode en carbone et la paroi du four est comblé par des objets moulés en alumine, de préFérence par des billes d'un diamètre compris entre 5 et 50 mm. On chauffe ensuite l'anode comme décrit dans le premier fascicule publié de la demande de brevet
DE 3 223 573.
The space between the carbon anode and the wall of the furnace is filled with objects molded from alumina, preferably by balls with a diameter of between 5 and 50 mm. The anode is then heated as described in the first published specification of the patent application
DE 3,223,573.

X MPi F 2 :
On opère comme dans l'exemple I mais, au lieu des objets moulés en alumine, on utilise de l'alumine en gros grains dont la granularité est comprise entre 0,1 et 10 mm.
X MPi F 2:
The procedure is as in Example I but, instead of objects molded from alumina, coarse-grained alumina is used, the granularity of which is between 0.1 and 10 mm.

EXEMPLE 3
On opère comme décrit à l'exemple 1 mais, au lieu des objets moulés en alumine, on utilise des objets moulés --n aluminium, de préférence des billes, de la grenaille ou des particules en forme de tubes ou de barres.
EXAMPLE 3
The procedure is as described in Example 1 but, instead of objects molded from alumina, molded objects --n aluminum are used, preferably balls, shot or particles in the form of tubes or bars.

Dès que l'anode en carbone a atteint une température d'environ 350 à 5O00C, à laquelle, selon le DE A 323 573, on doit passer au chauffage par induction, on extrait du four les objets moulés en aluminium au moyen d'un appareil approprié, par exemple par des ouvertures munies de clapets qui sont ménagées sur le fond du four ou par aspiration. As soon as the carbon anode has reached a temperature of about 350 to 500 ° C., at which, according to DE A 323 573, it is necessary to switch to induction heating, the objects molded from aluminum are extracted from the furnace by means of a suitable device, for example by openings provided with valves which are formed on the bottom of the oven or by suction.

Claims (6)

I{EVLNDlCAlION5I {EVLNDlCAlION5 1.- Procédé pour préchauffer et calciner des modes en carbone préalablement moulées, destinées à l'industrie de l'aluminium, procédé caractérisé en ce que, pour que les objets moulés devant servir d'anodes acquièrent une stabilité dimensionnelle suffisante au moins pendant la phase de préchauffage des anodes, on utilise comme matière de soutien un corps inerte, incombustible, facile à éliminer et existant dans la préparation de l'aluminium. 1.- Method for preheating and calcining carbon modes previously molded, intended for the aluminum industry, method characterized in that, so that the molded objects to serve as anodes acquire sufficient dimensional stability at least during the preheating phase of the anodes, an inert, incombustible body, easy to eliminate and existing in the preparation of aluminum, is used as support material. 2.- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise, comme matière de soutien, de l'alumine en gros grains. 2.- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one uses, as support material, alumina in large grains. 3.- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise, comme matière de soutien, des objets moulés, de préférence des billes, en alumine. 3.- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one uses, as support material, molded objects, preferably balls, alumina. 4.- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise, comme matière de soutien, des objets moulés en aluminium qui sont dépourvus de poudre métallique. 4.- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one uses, as support material, molded aluminum objects which are devoid of metallic powder. 5.- Procédé selon la revendication 1, carat térisé en ce qu'on utilise, comme matière de soutien, des sels métalliques de l'acide fluorhydrique. 5.- Method according to claim 1, carat terized in that one uses, as a support material, metal salts of hydrofluoric acid. 6.- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'on répand la matière de soutien autour des objets moulés devant servir d'anodes.  6.- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that spreads the support material around the molded objects to serve as anodes.
FR8510292A 1984-07-07 1985-07-05 Baking carbon anodes for aluminium industry Withdrawn FR2567159A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843425058 DE3425058A1 (en) 1984-07-07 1984-07-07 Process for preheating and firing preformed carbon anodes for the aluminium industry

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2567159A1 true FR2567159A1 (en) 1986-01-10

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FR8510292A Withdrawn FR2567159A1 (en) 1984-07-07 1985-07-05 Baking carbon anodes for aluminium industry

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DE (1) DE3425058A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2567159A1 (en)
NO (1) NO852722L (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT391885B (en) * 1988-02-19 1990-12-10 Neuper Christel USE OF ESPECIALLY CLOSED WASTE
DE10300443B4 (en) * 2003-01-07 2006-07-06 Corus Aluminium Voerde Gmbh Process for producing granular packing material for use in burning anodes

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1771738A1 (en) * 1966-08-09 1972-04-06 Elettrocarbonium Spa Process for the production of graphite and charcoal bodies
FR2180697A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-30 Sumitomo Chemical Co

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1771738A1 (en) * 1966-08-09 1972-04-06 Elettrocarbonium Spa Process for the production of graphite and charcoal bodies
FR2180697A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-30 Sumitomo Chemical Co

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DE3425058A1 (en) 1986-02-06
NO852722L (en) 1986-01-08

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