FR2565431A1 - Method of producing an electrical installation for building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing an electrical installation for building. It is characterised in that, firstly, simple conductors 27 and 36 to 40, insulated from one another, and including a conductor 27 able to form a signal transmission wire, conductors 36, 37 and 38, 39 able to form the lines of at least one network 17, 18 for carrying energy to arbitrary electrical appliances and even a conductor 40 able to form an earth wire, are housed in sheaths 35 in accordance with a uniform distribution within their transverse cross-section, parallel to their longitudinal axis and up to the immediate vicinity of their ends. Application to the electrical hardware and building industry.

Description

 The invention relates to a method of producing an electrical installation for the building, with a view to supplying and controlling the various electrical devices which it includes, such as lighting, heating, air conditioning and electro devices. -households.

 It also relates to the installation thus obtained.

 Whether the fixed installation is embedded in partitions, in pipes or in plinths, if it is limited to a network which must supply various devices which, with the possible control of a switch specific to the device, is connected to this network by means of a connector, this installation remains very simple and very flexible since, in order to be able to modify the location of the devices, it is sufficient that a network has been provided with a sufficient density of connection points or even a possibility of connection throughout the network thanks to plinths or ducts specially designed for this purpose (FR-A-2.440.096 and 2.500.224).

 However, fixed installations are becoming more and more rigid because, gradually becoming more complicated, after their completion, it is otherwise impossible at least extremely difficult to transform this installation to modify the location of the devices and / or their controls.

 This complexity stems in particular from the fact that, very often, for ease of use, at least some of the apparatus of the installation must be able to be controlled remotely and from several points by reciprocating and relay.

 Among these fixed installations provided with remote control means, there are known (FR-A-2,333,600) installations the network of which comprises a series of sockets mounted in parallel on the same supply lines and which, in order to control so differentiated current distribution to the devices connected to these sockets, includes at least one control station which transmits coded signals, a wire for transmitting these signals and sockets receiving all these signals and which each integrate on the one hand, a receiver -analyzer of said coded signals and, on the other hand, a switch controlled by the receiver-analyzer when the latter receives the coded signal specific to the corresponding socket.

 If this installation makes it possible to reduce the wiring necessary for a remote control of the apparatuses, on the other hand, it remains complex to carry out and the change of the installation of the apparatuses and / or their control would require a modification of the fixed installation in particular for modify the assignment of the transmitters and receivers of the various connection and control points and / or modify the wiring to install new connection and control stations before being able to connect the control devices and accessories to the new chosen locations.

 Furthermore, this installation is limited to traditional assemblies controlled by contactors and is not open to automatic controls.

 One result which the invention aims to obtain is a method for producing an installation which is simple to implement.

 Another result which the invention aims to obtain is an electrical installation of the aforementioned type but which remains flexible although allowing remote control and / or from several points.

 To this end, it relates to a process for producing an installation in particular characterized in that in ducts, according to a constant distribution inside their cross section, parallel to their longitudinal axis and up to the immediate vicinity of at their ends, simple conductors isolated from one another are housed, including a conductor capable of producing a signal transmission wire, conductors capable of carrying out the lines of at least one energy transport network to any electrical apparatus or even a conductor capable of making a grounding wire.

 It also relates to the installation thus obtained.

It will be clearly understood with the aid of the description below, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached drawing which schematically represents:
- Figure 1: the installation plan view,
- Figure 2: an operating diagram,
- Figure 3: the organizational chart of a transmitter,
- Figure 4: the flowchart of a receiver,
- Figure 5: ia plinth seen in exploded section,
- Figure 6: the plinth seen from above,
- Figure 7: seen in section, the device for connecting the devices on the plinth,
- Figure 8: this device seen from the front,
- Figure 9: this device seen from above,
- Figure 10: the plinth connection devices.

 Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that the building 1 comprises different parts 2 to 6 to be served by the electrical installation 7.

 This installation 7 is called to supply devices 8 to 15 consuming electricity.

 For this purpose, they are by their connection device 16 connected at so-called connection points of a main distribution network 17, 18 fixed to building 1, such, depending on the device considered, for devices 8 to 13 other than heating, a network 17 and, for the heating devices 14, 15, a network which is specific and this in accordance with the technical recommendations.

 To determine its start or stop, each of the devices is under the control of at least one control device 19 to 23 itself connected to the corresponding network 17, 18 at a control point 24 different from the connection point 25 of the controlled device.

 Instead of a means which interrupts or ensures the continuity of the main network, at this control point 24, the installation comprises a means 26 capable of generating a signal and transmitting it by a transmission wire 27 independent of the main network 17 , 18 while upstream of the device, it comprises a receiver 28 which, when it receives the signal, feeds a control module 29 for connecting the device 8 to the main network 17.

 So that the same transmission wire 27 can be used for the transmission of signals intended for apparatuses to be controlled separately, at each control point 24 the means 26 generating the signal is under the control of a circuit 30 making it possible to specialize the signal transmitted as a function of the device to be controlled in which case the receiver 28 of this device is itself under the control of a circuit 31 allowing it to activate the modulated command 29 only in response to the signal which corresponds to the 'apparatus.

 These circuits will consist, for example, of coding consoles.

 According to a characteristic of the process which is the subject of the invention, in sheaths 35 such as plinths, according to a constant distribution inside their cross section, parallel to their longitudinal axis and up to the immediate proximity of their ends, , preferably in the workshop, simple conductors 27 and 36 to 40 isolated from each other, including a conductor 27 capable of producing a signal transmission wire, conductors 36, 37 and 38, 39 capable of producing the lines of at least one network 17, 18 for transporting energy to any electrical apparatus 8 to 15 or even a conductor 40 capable of producing a grounding wire.

 On site, without having to worry about the location of the control points 24 and the connection points 25 of the apparatuses 8 to 15, the ducts 35 are pre-wired as indicated above, and, whatever either directly or through another sheath, each sheath 35 is connected to a source 41 by a connection cable 42 comprising at least as many conductors as the sheath and that, by means of a cooperating connection device 43 with the sheath 35, selectively connected to the conductors 27 and 36 to 40 of the said sheath so that, according to their position inside the sheath section, these conductors receive the same assignment in all the sheaths as , for example successively from top to bottom, the two lines 36, 37 of a network which supplies devices other than heating, the transmission wire 27, the ground wire 40 and the two lines 38, 39 d '' a network which will exclusively supply heating appliances.

 Then, at points 24, 25 located at any locations, along the sheaths 35, using connection conductors and connection device 44 cooperating with the sheath so that the connection conductors are connected to those of the conductors 27 and 36 to 40 of the sheath which are suitable as a function of their assignment and of the device to be connected, the devices 8 to 15 are connected to these selected conductors, and, on the other hand, for the control of these devices, the means 26 generating the singals.

 Preferably, the sheath 35 consists of a plinth composed, on the one hand, of a flexible support 45 made of insulating material having longitudinal grooves 46, some of which allow the conductive wires 27 and 36 to 40 to be held by simple pressure, for example made of copper and, on the other hand, of a facade 47 made of rigid insulating material provided with horizontal ribs 48 for spacing and for energetic fixing by pressure in other grooves 46 of the support 45.

 At its upper part, the flexible support 45 preferably has a flange 49 forming a cover, behind which the facade 47 is locked.

 For the connection of the baseboards to the source 41 and the connection of the devices to these baseboards, on the one hand, the connection devices 43 and the connection device 44 mentioned above have a pin 50 of oval section hollowed axially to accommodate the conductors of connection which are connected to at least some of the contact zones 51 to 56, such as studs, which, along one of the generatrices 57, 58 intersecting the long axis 59 of the oval section, are distributed at the same spacing that the conductors 27 and 36 to 40 of the plinth and, on the other hand, in the horizontal ribs 48 of the facade 47 of the sheath, in a very short pitch, for example of eighty millimeters, are provided from orifices 60 making passages of the vertical axis, itself located at a distance such from the conductors 27 and 36 to 40 that when the spindle 50 has the large axis 59 of its oval section which is parallel to the conductors, a certain clearance is reserved between them and spindle, while, when the spindle is rotated so that this major axis 59 is perpendicular to the conductors, the contact zones 51 to 56 come to bear on said conductors.

 So that the vertical displacements of. the spindle are made outside the support positions on the conductors, these orifices 60 preferably have an ovoid section whose major axis 61 is parallel to the conductors of the sheath and in line with the horizontal ribs 48, the spindle 50 then has peripheral grooves 62 locally giving it a circular section of diameter at most equal to the small base of the orifice 60 in order to release the spindle in rotation when it is correctly engaged in the orifices.

 According to the role of the device which is provided with the celled pin, it can house as many conductors as the baseboard, or a number limited to the necessary conductors.

 The device provided with the pin can directly carry the energy-consuming device such as a lighting means or be connected to this device by a conventional plug 63, 64 or the extension of the connecting conductors.

 Unless there is a device which must remain connected in all circumstances, the connection device houses the receiver 28.

 The connection of baseboards to the source 41 obviously takes place under the controlled protection means 65 to 70, some 65 to 67 specific to the network other than heating, the other 68 to 70 specific to the heating network.

 Preferably, plinths are grouped into sub-assemblies connected separately to the source 41 for example, as is symbolized in FIG. 1, piece by piece to allow local management by any known means 71 to 76, said local management module.

 This module is unique at the level of input between the transmitters and receivers of the signals of the sub-assembly considered.

 The set of plinths or these local management modules can in turn be linked to a global management device 23 such as a computer, for example in order to solve the problem of the overall management of the house in terms of heating or at the level of the general functions of the house, such as general extinction and protection.

 The multitude of devices in an electrical installation means that the number of separate signal transmitters that can control these devices must be fixed very large.

 Each device will have, for example, a ten bit programmable code allowing one thousand twenty three different combinations.

 The code will advantageously be transmitted several times in succession on the transmission wire 27 in synchronism with the sector.

 The control module 29 activated by each receiver receiving its specific code will consist, for example, of a triac or relay making it possible to establish the mains voltage on the device controlled.

 The installation could provide a central remote control of all the devices according to a programmable sequencing.

 On the other hand, it can relay any transmission between the transmitter and the receiver, making it possible to avoid interference and to minimize the complexity of each receiver.

 It will also allow the gathering of information and will therefore see its application in the heating control in combination with appropriate regulation.

 The installation may also include a remote control keypad which will allow remote control of all the necessary operations on electrical devices.

 This remote control is preferably by infrared rays.

 The keypad would be composed in an identical way to that of a digital telephone allowing a more increased sophistication of the various commands, for example, the control of the alarm time or of an alarm device.

 Of course, for their own supply, the transmitters and receivers of the signals can, instead of being connected directly to the network, be connected to a special supply circuit, for example at low voltage, provided in addition in the sheath on the pin and in the connecting cables.

Claims (10)

 1. Method of making an electrical installation (7) for supplying rooms (2 to 6) of a building (1) with a view to supplying devices (8 to 15)  - Which, for this purpose, are by their connection device (16) connected at points (25), called connection points, of a distribution network (17, 18) fixed to the building (1) like a network (17 ) for appliances other than heating, appliances (8 to 13) and a network (18) for heating appliances (14, 15) and,  - which, to determine their start or stop, are each placed under the control of at least one control device (19 to 23), itself connected to the corresponding network (17 or 18) at a so-called control point ( 24), different from the connection point (25) of the controlled device, in which installation  - On the one hand, at the control point, means (26) are provided capable of generating a signal and transmitting it by a transmission wire (27) independent of the main network (17, 18) while upstream The device is provided with a receiver (28) which, when it receives the signal, supplies a control module (29) for the connection of the device (8) to the main network (17) and,  - on the other hand, at each control point (24) the means (26) generating the signal is under controlled control of a circuit (30) allowing the signal emitted to be particularized as a function of the device to be controlled in which case the receiver (28) of this device is itself memorized under the control of a circuit (31) allowing it to activate the control module (25) only in response to the signal which corresponds to the device, this process being CHARACTERIZED in that, first of all, in sheaths (35), according to a constant distribution inside their cross section, parallel to their longitudinal axis and up to immediate proximity at their ends, simple conductors are housed (27 and 36 to 40) separated, isolated from each other, including a conductor (27) capable of producing a signal transmission wire, conductors (36, 37 and 38, 39) capable of producing the lines of at least one network (17, 18) for transporting energy to any electrical apparatus (8 to 15) or even a conductor (40) has able to make a ground wire.  2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that, on site, without it having to worry about the location of the control points (24) and the connection points of the devices (8 to 15) the partitions are fixed sheaths (35) already pre-wired and, either directly or through another sheath, each sheath (35) is connected to a source (41) by a connecting cable (42) comprising at least as many conductors that the sheath and that, by means of a connection device (43) cooperating with the sheath (35) selectively connects to the conductors (27 and 36 to 40) of said sheath so that according to their position at the inside the duct section, these conductors receive the same assignment in all the ducts such that for two of them, the two lines (36, 37) of a network which supplies appliances other than heating, for a another, the transmission wire (27), then for yet another, the earth wire (40) and, finally, for the last two, two lines (38, 39) of a network which supplies exclusively the heating appliances.  3. Method according to claim 2 characterized in that at points (24, 25) located at any locations along the sheaths (35) using connecting conductors and connection devices (44) cooperating with the sheath so that the connecting conductors are connected to those of the conductors (27 and 36 to 40) of the sheath which are suitable according to their assignment and the device to be connected, these selected conductors are connected, on the one hand , devices (8 to 15) and, on the other hand, for the control of these devices, the means (26) generating the signals.  4. Electrical installation (7) of a building (1) in order to supply appliances (8 to 15)  - Which for this purpose are by their connection device (16) connected at points (25), called connection of a distribution network (17, 18) fixed to the building (1) such as a network (17) for appliances other than heating, appliances (8 to 13) and a network (18) for the heating appliances (14, 15) and,  - which, to determine their start or stop, are each placed under the control of at least one remote control device (19 to 23), itself connected to the network corresponds (170u 18) to a so-called control point (24) , different from the connection point (25) of the controlled device, in which installation:  - firstly, at the control point, a means (26) is provided capable of generating a signal and transmitting it by a transmission wire (27) independently of the main network (17, 18) while upstream of the apparatus is provided with a receiver (28) which, when it receives the signal, supplies a control module (29) for connection of the apparatus (8) to the main network (17) and,  - on the other hand, at each control point (24) the means (26) generating the signal is under controlled control of a circuit (30) allowing to particularize the signal emitted as a function of the device to be controlled in which case the receiver (28) of this device is itself under the control of a circuit (31) allowing it to activate the control module (25) only in response to the signal which corresponds to the device, CHARACTERIZED in that it is obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.  5. Installation according to claim 4 characterized in that the sheath (35) consists of a plinth composed, on the one hand, of a flexible support (45) of insulating material, having longitudinal grooves (46) some of which allow the maintenance by simple pressure of conductive wires (27 and 36 to 40) and, on the other hand, of a facade (47) of rigid insulating material provided with horizontal ribs (48) for spacing and energetic fixing by pressure in d 'other grooves (46) of the support (45).  6. Installation according to claim 5 characterized in cé that, for the connection of the baseboards at the source (41) and the connection of the devices on these baseboards, on the one hand, the connection devices (43) and connection (44) have an ovoid section pin (50) axially hollowed out to accommodate the connecting conductors which are connected to at least some of the contact zones (51 to 56) which, along one of the generators (57, 58) intersecting the major axis (59) of the oval section, are distributed according to the same spacing as the conductors (27 and 36 to 40) of the plinth and, on the other hand, in the horizontal ribs (48) of the facade (47> die the sheath, according to a very short pitch, are provided orifices (60) providing passages of vertical axis, itself located at a distance such as conductors (27 and 36 to 40) that, when the spindle (50) has the long axis (59) of its oval section which is parallel to the conductors, a certain clearance is reserved between them and the pin e while, when the spindle is rotated so that this major axis (59) is perpendicular to the conductors, the contact zones (51 to 56) come to bear on the conductors.  7. Installation according to claim 6 characterized in that, so that the vertical displacements of the spindle are made outside of the support positions on the conductors these orifices (60) preferably have an oval section whose major axis (61) is parallel to the conductors of the sheath, and in line with the horizontal ribs (48), the spindle (50) then has peripheral grooves (62) locally giving it a circular section of diameter at most equal to the small base of the orifice (60) in order to release the spindle in rotation when it is correctly engaged in the holes.  8. Installation according to any one of claims 4 to 7 characterized in that the connection of the baseboards to the source (41) takes place under the control of protective means (65 to 70).  9. Installation according to any one of claims 4 to 8 characterized in that at least some of the baseboards are connected together to produce sub-assemblies each connected to a so-called local management means "which is specific to it.  10. Installation according to claim 9 characterized in that the local management means (71 to 76) are connected to a global management device (23).